1. Describe the components of Computer-based information systems.

A computer-based information system (CBIS) is an information system in which the

computer plays a major role. Such a system consists of the following elements:

• Hardware: The term hardware refers to machinery. This category includes the
computer itself, which is often referred to as the central processing unit (CPU), and all of
its support equipments. Among the support equipments are input and output devices,
storage device and communications devices.
• Software: The term software refers to computer programs and the manuals (if any) that
support them. Computer programs are machine-readable instructions that direct the
circuitry within the hardware parts of the CBIS to function in ways that produce useful
information from data. Programs are generally stored on some input / output medium-
often a disk or tape.
.
• Procedures: procedures are the policies that govern the operation of a computer
system. "Procedures are to people what software is to hardware" is a common analogy
that is used to illustrate the role of procedures in a CBIS.
• People: Every CBIS needs people if it is to be useful. Often the most over-looked
element of the CBIS is the people: probably the components that most influence the
success
2. Describe various types of information systems by breadth of support.
Answer No.2

Types of information systems by breadth of support

Functional Area Information System

Functional area information systems or departmental information systems

• function: Support the activities within specific functional areas.
• Example: System for processing payroll.

Transaction Processing System (TPS)

• function: Process transaction data from business events.
• Example: Wal-Mart checkout point-of-sale terminal.
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System
• Function: Integrate all functional areas of the organization.
• Example: Oracle, SAP

Inter organizational Information System

Inter organizational information systems (IOS) are information systems that connect two
or more organizations and support inter organizational operations such as supply chain
management.
Function: Manage flows of products, services andω information among organizations.
Example: Wal-Mart Retail Link Systemω connecting suppliers to Wal-Mart.
Supply chain describes the flow ofω materials, information, money and services from
raw material suppliers through factories and warehouses to the end customers.

Electronic Commerce Systems

Function: Enable transactions among organizations and betweenω organizations and

customers.
Business-to-Business (B2B)

Business-to-Consumer (B2C)

Example: www.dell.com

3. Differentiate between information technology infrastructure and information

technology architecture.

• Information Architecture is a field and approach to designing clear,

understandable communications by giving care to structure, context, and
presentation of data and information. Particularly refers to websites and intranets,
including la belling and navigation schemes.

• An information technology infrastructure however, is the base or foundation for

the delivery of information to support programs and management (of an agency
for example). The infrastructure contains elements upon which an agency's
information technology activities are dependent. An agency must therefore define,
implement, and manage these infrastructure elements to successfully employ
information technology.

4. Identify the major information systems that support each organizational level
Answer No.4

The six major types of information systems corresponding to each organizational level
are:

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): serve the operational level of an organization.

• Knowledge work systems (KWS)

• Office automation systems (OAS) to serve the knowledge level of an organization.

• Decision-support systems (DSS)

• Management information systems (MIS) serve the management level of the

Organization.

• Executive support systems (ESS) serve the strategic level of an organization

Answer No.4

The six major types of information systems corresponding to each organizational level
are:

• Transaction Processing Systems (TPS): serve the operational level of an organization.

• Knowledge work systems (KWS)

• Office automation systems (OAS) to serve the knowledge level of an organization.
• Decision-support systems (DSS)
• Management information systems (MIS) serve the management level of the
organization.
• Executive support systems (ESS) serve the strategic level of an organization