The transfer of phonetic values in Sumerian is arbitrary.

The Semitic scribe used

every opportunity to cut Semitic syllables and apply their phonetic values to
Sumerian ideograms used to express Semitic idioms. One of the most popular and
prolific Semitic idiom is evil eye, otherwise [eye of the dog].
lemnu [ U ! ] "ad#. $ f. lemuttu, lamuttu%
[Moral life Fault]
bad, evil $ subst. "pl. lemn% ! evil person, enemy
&f. lemnu
'ariants ! lamnu
lemnu [ U ! ] "vb. i(i $ stat. lemun%
G. to become unsatisfactory, unfavourable, unluc)y $ to be malevolent $ to
become angry "against ! *dat.% Gt. stat. ! to be very angry, malevolentD. to
ma)e unfavourable $ to do evil, treat badly $ to trouble, burden Dt. to
become angry with one another Dtn. to constantly trouble s.o. t. to
become hostile to one another D. to ma)e difficult
'ariants ! lamnu
lamnu " %
+ lem,nu
lamnu " %
[Moral life Fault]
+ lemnu
lemuttu "n. f. $ pl. lemntu, lamntu, lenntu%
[Moral life Fault]
evil, wic)edness $ bl lemutti adversary
&f. lemnu
'ariants ! lamuttu, lemnutu
lamuttu " %
[Moral life Fault]
+ lemuttu
lemnutu
[Moral life Fault]
+ lemuttu
hulu [-./] "01230x! 4/ 555b, Old .))adian, Ur 555, 4arly Old -abylonian, Old
-abylonian, un)nown% wr. hul$ hul1 6to destroy$ "to be% bad7smelling,
maloderous$ "to be% bad, evil$ "to be% slight, lightweight$ "to be% false$ "to
be% criminal, dishonest$ enemy$ to raid$ to stri)e the eyes$ blin)er, win)er,
one with vision problems6 .)). abtu a ni$ bu$ laptu a ni;
abru$ lemnu$masku$ allu$ sarru$ !m"n#
See hulu gig[hate], hulu tu)u[find], igi hulu[loo) with envy], inim hulu[insult], 8u
hulu[destroy].
[0]
hul
[9]
hul
1
:1 distinct forms attested$ clic) to view forms table.
1. to destroy (13190x/95%)
;4.(Ur 555(.dab a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am #a-$ul <'= 31, 93> 1$ mu s-mu-ru-um
"
lu-lu-#u-um
"
a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am #a-
$ul <'= 31, 93? 0$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul <'= 31, 900 >. 4.(Ur 555(/rehem mu "-ma!
"
u3 $u-ur5-t
"
#a-
$ul ..S 900 >$ mu us2-sa "-ma!
"
#a-$ul ..S 909 1$ mu us2-sa "-ma!
"
#a-$ul .egyptus 0@, ??,
3:: A. 4.(Ur 555(4shnunna mu s-ma-num2
"
mu-$ul B&S 9:, 0@2 >. 4.(Ur 555(Carshana mu
d
amar-
d
suenlu%al-e ur-
#2-lum
"
mu-$ul TB.<& B4S 01> "pl.A:% 9. 4.(Ur 555(Cirsu mu "-ma!
"
#a-$ul ..S 0:9 1$ mu s-mu-
ru-um
"
a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am-&a!' #a-$ul ..S 0:1 >$ mu$u-$u-nu-(r)
"
#a-$ul ..S 0:> 1. 4.(Ur
555(agash mu "-ma!
"
#a-$ul Dochester 910 >. 4.(Ur 555(=ippur mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul .rOr 3@, : 0
1$ mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul.rOr 3@, : 9 A$ mu
d
-#2-
d
suen lu%al-e s-mu-ru-um
"
mu-$ul .rOr 3@, : 1
A. 4.(Ur 555(Susa mu *-n-"-r2
"
#a-$ul </E 91, 0A> 131 1$ mu us2-sa-a s-ma-num2
"
#a-$ul</E 9:,
3?@ >03 9. 4.(Ur 555(Umm al7Fafriyat mu !a-a!-ru
"
#a-$ul Ontario 9, A@> >.4.(Ur 555(Umma mu s-mu-ru-
um
"
lu-lu-#u
"
a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am-a! #a-$ul ..S 30> 9$ mu "-ma!
"
#a-$ul ..S 30? 0$ mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-
$ul ..S 30A 9. 4.(Ur 555(Ur mu s-mu-&ru-um'
"
#a-$ul .SB 00, 19: 9@ 1$ mu $u-$u-nu-r
"
#a-$ul -&T
0, 011 :$ mu a-ra2 2(d!)-"am "ar2-$ar
"
#a-$ul <'= 03, 093 r ii 00. 4.(Ur 555(Uru) mu $a-ar-!
"
#a-
$ul Gar)a 032 -@3 Uru) 9. 4.(Ur 555(Gilayah mu s-ma-num2
"
#a-$ul B&S 1:, 39? 30 ?$ ma-
da *a-a#-!a-l
"
&mu-$ul' B&S 1:, 39: 3> 1$ ma-da *a-a#-!a-l
"
mu-$ulB&S 1:, 39: 3> >. 4.(Ur
555(unclear mu
d
amar-
d
suen lu%al-e ur-#2-lum
"
mu-$ul.egyptus 9A, 0?: ? 1$ mu s-mu-ru-um #a-$ul .fO 03,
1A9 :$ mu $u-u$2-nu-(r)
"
#a-$ul .D D5< 3> 90 0. 4.(Ur 555(un)nown mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul .UG4
91, 301, G 0A@>1e 9. un)nown(Ur 555(=ippur mu $u-u$2-nu-r2
"
#a-$ul <'= 0?, 0A0 0. un)nown(Ur
555(/rehem mu us2-sa an-!a-an
"
#a-$ul .leppo 330 ?$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul .leppo 339 ?$ mu us2-sa "-
ma!
"
#a-$ul .leppo 331 ?. un)nown(Ur 555(Cirsu mu an-!a-an
"
#a-$ul .D D5< 3@ 3A 9$ mu us2-sa "ar2-
$ar
"
a-ra2 3(d!)-"am-a! #a-$ul .SB 39, 90 A0 0$mu an-!a-an
"
#a-$ul .SB 39, 99 A9 @. un)nown(Ur
555(agash mu us2-sa ur-#2-3-lum
"
#a-$ul Dochester 909 9$ mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul Dochester 901
2$ mu ma-da *a-a#-!a-l
"
#a-$ul Dochester 90? 0. un)nown(Ur 555(=ippur mu us2-sa "-ma!
"
#a-$ul mu #2-us2-
sa .SB 00, 191 3@ >$ mu $u-u$2-nu-r
"
#a-$ul --'O 00, 9?A, >=7T020 o iii 2$ mu s-mu-ru-
um
"
#a-$ul --'O 00, 9?@, >=7T021 ?. un)nown(Ur 555(Umma 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am#a-$ul .D D5< 3@
3: r ii A$ mu $u-u$2-nu-r
"
#a-$ul .D D5< 3@ 09 09$ &lu%al-e' ur-#2-lum
"
mu-$ul .rOr A9, 91A 5
:AA 2. un)nown(Ur 555(Ur mu us2-sa "-ma!
"
#a-$ul muus2-sa-# .SB 00, 19: 9A 1$ mu a-ra2 2(d!)-"am-ma "ar2-
ra-$ar
"
#a-$ul S.T 9, 3312 0?H$ mu s-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul S.T 1, 9331 ?. un)nown(Ur 555(Uru) mu-
$ul -ag< 91, :9, G 9?3>A ?. un)nown(Ur 555(unclear mu $a-ar-!
"
"-ma!
"
#a-$ul /o&u 9A1 ?$ ur-#2-
lum
"
mu-$ul /o&u 92: A$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul /o&u >3A o i 2. un)nown(Ur 555(un)nown mu "-ma!
"
#a-
$ul <'= 0?, 0:3 03$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul <'= 0?, 91A 0$ mu "-ma!
"

$u
$u#urx(+,)-t
"
$a-&ar'-! #a-
$ul <'= 0?, 1?@ 9$ mu "-ma!
"$u
$u#urx(+,)-t
"
#a-$ul <'= 0?, 1?@ 9H$ mu us2-sa "-ma!
"
#a-
$ul <'= 0?, 1:? ?H.
2. (to #e) #ad-smelln%- maloderous (.11x/5%)
; 4I(Ur 555(=ippur $ul / ma-as$-kum E-S 3?, 01A [O-CT I5] iv >H$ $ul tum2 / le-em-nu-um E-S 3?,
01A [O-CT I5] iv @H$ $ul du#2 / ra-bi-um E-S 3?, 01A [O-CT I5] iv :H$$ul-$ul / %u-ul-&lu-
lu-um' E-S 3?, 01A [O-CT I5] iv 09H$ $ul-$ul / lu-mu-nu-&um' E-S 3?, 01A [O-CT I5]
iv 01H. 4I(Old -abylonian(un)nown lu2 $ul / lem-nu-u$ O- u7.Jlag . 1@$ &lu2' $ul / a-a-bu-u$ O- u7
.Jlag . 1:$ lu2 $ul / li-im-nu lu97aJlag - and & Seg.0, 1:$ lu2 $ul / ma-as$-kum lu97aJlag
- and & Seg.0, 12$ lu2 !a%0 $ul a" / na-an-!e$-rum lu97aJlag - and & Seg.0, >>. 4.(4/
555b(Cirsu 1(a!12) e-da-$ul Or=S >9, 91A r ii ?. 4.(4/ 555b(=ippur mu-$ul-a T<F ?, 3:? o iv 1$ al-
$ul-a T<F ?, 033 @$ urua-" mu-$ul-a T<F ?, 0:0 00. 4.(Old .))adian(agash #a-$ul-a nm-# mu-
de3 -< 39A>0A 1. 4.(Old .))adian(=ippur mu-$ul-a T<F ?, 31@ >. 4.(Ur 555(.dab mu a-s-ma-
num2
"
#a4$ul <'= 01, :2A A$ t e*em-
d
nanna mu a-s-ma-num2
"
#a4$ul <'= 01 :2@ A$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
"-
ma!
"
#a-$ul-a &/B 9339(9 r i 93. 4.(Ur 555(/rehem mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul-!e3 .leppo >19 A$ mu !a-a!-
ru
"
#a-$ul-ta .nOr 3@, 019 ?$ mu $u-u$2-nu-r
"
#a-$ul-!e3 .nOr 3@, 019 A. 4.(Ur
555(Cirsu 3(d!) "u! %u0 al-$ul .BS 92, 01>, no. > >$ 3(d!) "u! %u0 al-$ul .BS 92, 01>, no. >
1$ mu ur-#2-3-(lum)
"
#a-a-$ul.mherst 3>9 9. 4.(Ur 555(=ippur #a-$ul-a -4 31(0, 39A ?$ mu us2-sa ur-
#2-&lum
"'
#a-&$ul-a' -4 31(0, 31? 1$ mu
d
!u-
d
suen lu%al ur5
"
-ma ma-da *a-a#-!a-l
"
&mu'-$ul-aB&S 91, 000
3: >. 4.(Ur 555(Umma lu%al-e ur-#2-3-lum
"
mu-$ul .nOr 30, 3:> >$ mu s-ma-num2
"
#a-&$ul-!e3' .nOr 3@,
9A1 ?$ lu-lu-#u-um
"
a-ra2 1(u) la2 1(d!)-"am-a! #a-$ul-ta .nOr 3@, 109 A. 4.(Ur 555(Ur t !u-e! mu a-ra2 2(d!)-
"am "ar2-$ar
"
#a-$ul-ta<'= 03, 093 o ii 0@$ mu "-ma!
"
#a-$ul-ta U4T 1, 33?> 9$ mu
d
amar-
d
suen lu%al ur-#2-lum
"
mu-$ul-!e3 U4T 1, 33?> 1. 4.(Ur 555(Ur)esh mu s-mu-&ru'-um
"
#a-$ul Dipon
&ollege 0222K4&.@>.? 9. 4.(Ur 555(unclear mu &s-ma'-num2 #a-$ul-a -uffalo S=S.0079, 0>A
0> 1$ mu $u-u$3-nu-r
"
#a-$ul(56) <'= 01, 23: 1$ mu us2-sa a-ra2 3(d!)-"ams-mu-ru-um
"
#a-$ul-ta =i) 9,
323 9. 4.(4arly Old -abylonian(un)nown mu %r13-ta#
"
#a-$ul -5= 32, 09@ :$ mu us2-sa r mar-tu #a-$ul -5=
32, 019 1$ mu us2-sa %r13-ta#
"
#a-$ul -5= 32, 0>? A. un)nown(Old -abylonian(un)nown % $ul / pa-nu lem-nu-
tum<SSS5, 0@79@ iv >@$ % $ul / pa-nu ma-&as-ku'-tum <SSS5, 0@79@ iv >:.un)nown(Old
.))adian(Cirsu mu unu%
"
#a-$ul-a =LT p. 0:>, .O >100 1. un)nown(Ur 555(/rehem mu !a-a!-ru-um
"
#a-$ul-
ta .leppo 9@1 >$ mu us2-sa ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul-ta.leppo 9:9 1$ mu "-ma!
"
#a-$ul-ta .leppo 10@
9. un)nown(Ur 555(Cirsu mu us2-sa s-mu-ur0-um
"
#a-$ul-a -< <essenger 93: ?$ .(d!) "u! %u0 al-$ul-a -<
<essenger 91: 9$ 3(d!) "u! amar al-$ul-a -< <essenger 91: ?. un)nown(Ur 555(=ippur mu us2-
sa &"'-ma!
"
#a-$ul-a --'O 00, 9:0, A=7T>9> 1$ mu ur-#2-lum
"
#a-$ul-a --'O 00, 92?, A=7
TA13 9. un)nown(Ur 555(Umma mu $e-$u-nu-r
"
#a-$ul-a Ceorgica ?.00 A$ 0(d!) "u! %u02(d!) "u! %u0 al-$ul-
a Muomo ?9 o i 0?H$ 1(d!) "u! %u0 1(d!) "u! %u0 al-$ul-aMuomo ?9 o i 2H. un)nown(Ur
555(un)nown mu
%e!
"r3-# #a-$ul-a-!e3 <'= 0?, 0:0 o ii 1H$ mu
%e!
"r3-# #a-$ul-a-!e3 <'= 0?, 0:0 r ii
1.
See! ana hulu$ er hulu$ inim Nar hulu$ mu hulu Nal$ 8u hulu di.
3. (to #e) #ad- e7l
0. (to #e) sl%$t- l%$t8e%$t
5. (to #e) 9alse
3. (to #e) 2rmnal- ds$onest
.. enemy
:. to rad
9. to str"e t$e eyes
10. #ln"er- 8n"er- one 8t$ 7son ;ro#lems
.)). abtu a ni$ bu 6bad$ malodorous sp.6$ laptu a ni;
abru$ lemnu 6bad6$ masku 6bad, evil6$ allu 6light, little, slight6$ sarru 6false$
criminal6$ !m"n# 6hostile6.
[9330] G. Schramm, -ann > n9>.
[9333] /. Owen, St &agni :93 n9:.
[02:2] E. <ichalows)i, amentation over Sumer and Ur @1.
<ee =>?<@4 hulKto be bad.
lumnu &=A,@' (B)
9 instances
Eeriods! Old -abylonian [0]$ <iddle -abylonian [0].
Gritten forms! lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu.
=ormaliJed forms! lumnim "lu7um7nim%$ lumnu "lu7um7nu%.
1. e7l (2x/100%)
<umeran4
B,C
dih
3
(dehi
3
tehe
3
tehi
3
deh
3
)
dih [&F.OS] "
Ne8
dih1%.
dih [G44/] "
Ne8
dih1%.
nim (nima nem num)
nim [-UOO].
nim [LP].
nim [F5CF].
nim [E.=T] "
u
9nim%.
num
"see full listing%
tum
4
(tumu
4
)
tum [U=<=C].
.))adian wor)shop!
Dlso4 alama
x
"=5<%, dihi
1
, elam, elama, elamu, enim
9
, nam
1
, ni
@
, nu
1
, rum
1
,
tu
:
.
.ccording to Semitic scribes because of .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil the
Sumerian ideogram received the phonetic values! alama
x
"=5<%, elam, elama,
elamu, enim
9
, nam
1
, ni
@
, nu
1
5C
dih
2
tehi [/5S4.S4].
samag
samag [-5DTF<.DQ].
tehi
2
tehi [.EEDO.&F].
um (umu)
um [-5D/] "um
mu8en
%.
um [DOE4].
.))adian wor)shop!
Dlso4 deh
9
, dehi
9
, dihi
9
, sumug, 8umug
x
"U<%, teh
9
, u
0A
.
.ccording to Semitic scribes because of .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil the
Sumerian ideograms um K nim K dehi [chaos, disease]
,G,
bad
5
"see full listing%
ge
8
"see full listing%
gi
8
"see full listing%
igi (igu)
igi [4P4].
igi [L.&4].
igi [;<.TF4<.T5&S].
lib
4
"see full listing%
lim (lima limi lum
2
)
"see full listing%
i (si
17
e
20
)
8i [T5D4].
Ji [5L4].
.))adian wor)shop!
Dlso4 mahru, panu, badi, bat
?
, damu
9
, iga
x
"5C5%, ina
9
, ini
9
, inu
9
, lam
?
, le
1
,
lem, li
1
, pa
03
, pad
>
, pan
1
, ra
x
"5C5%.
.ccording to Semitic scribes the ideogram K eye too) the value lam
?
, le
1
,
lem, li
1
, from .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil K eye of the dog
Sumerian ideogram whose phonetic values! alama
x
"=5<%, elam, elama, elamu
evolved into the Sumerian verb halam K to be evil got its phonetic values
from .))adian .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil.
halam [LODS.Q4] "03@x! 4/ 555b, agash 55, Old -abylonian% wr. ha7lam$ gel7le7eN1 6"to be%
bad, evil$ to forsa)e, forget$ to destroy6 .)). &alu$ laptu$ lemnu$ ma#
[0]
ha7lam
[9]
gel7le7eN
1
"4S%
?@ distinct forms attested$ clic) to view forms table.
1. (to #e) #ad- e7l (10.x/100%)
; 4I(Old -abylonian(un)nown lu2 $a-lam-ma / a le-mu-ut-tim O- u7.Jlag . 1A$ &lu2'$a-lam-ma / a le-mu-
tim lu97aJlag - and & Seg.0, 1@.
2. to 9orsa"e- 9or%et
3. to destroy
.)). &alu 6to be lost$ be"come% fugitive6$ laptu 6to touch, ta)e hold of6$ lemnu 6bad6$ ma# 6to forget$ leave
behind6.
[02:2] E. <ichalows)i, amentation over Sumer and Ur @3.
<ee =>?<@4 ha7lamKto be lost.
lemnu [ U ! ] "vb. i(i $ stat. lemun%
G. to become unsatisfactory, unfavourable, unluc)y $ to be malevolent $ to
become angry "against ! *dat.% Gt. stat. ! to be very angry, malevolent D. to
ma)e unfavourable $ to do evil, treat badly $ to trouble, burden Dt. to
become angry with one another Dtn. to constantly trouble s.o. t. to
become hostile to one another D. to ma)e difficult
'ariants ! lamnu
lumnu [ U ! ] "n.%
misery, evil thought towards someone $ bl lumni adversary who wishes
evil to someone else $ evil plight $ lumna amru to experience ill
fortune $ lumun libbi [RS. U ! ] sorrow, misery $ astronomy !
eclipsed state $ [<U. U ! ] ! "a name of the planet
<ars% $
&f. lemnu
See also ! dumu, lumnata, lumnn#
lumnu [ U ! ] "n.%
misery, evil thought towards someone $ bl lumni adversary who wishes
evil to someone else $ evil plight $ lumna amru to experience ill
fortune $ lumun libbi [RS. U ! ] sorrow, misery $ astronomy !
eclipsed state $ [<U. U ! ] ! "a name of the planet
<ars% $
&f. lemnu
See also ! dumu, lumnata, lumnn#
,G,
igi (igu)
igi [4P4].
igi [L.&4].
igi [;<.TF4<.T5&S].
lib
4
The Sumerian ideogram received the phonetic value [l#' from .))adian genitive
libbi [of the heart] from the expression lumun libbi [RS. U !
] sorrow, misery [evil of the heart].
lumnu l## [RS. U ! ]
[Moral life Feelin%s]
grief , unhappiness , sorrow , displeasure $
.pparently .))adians considered 4lamites at one point of their history as their
ultimate adversaries!
eme ul
Tal le7[mu7ut7tum] 4lamite language
eme K tongue ul [evil] Tal [is] K that is the evil tongue.
4lamite language meant the evil language to .))adians.
eme elam7ma
)i

i7la7mi7tum tongue that is not straight
eme K tongue nim [elam] K chaos
.ccording to Semitic scribes because of .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil the
Sumerian ideograms um K nim K dehi [chaos, disease]
.ccording to Semitic scribes because of .))adian lu7um7nim$ lu7um7nu K evil the
Sumerian ideogram received the phonetic values! alama
x
"=5<%, elam, elama,
elamu, enim
9
, nam
1
, ni
@
, nu
1
elam Eomo;$ones
elam = NIM
B,C
dih
3
(dehi
3
tehe
3
tehi
3
deh
3
)
dih [CHAOS] (
Ne8
dih1).
dih [WEED] (
Ne8
dih1).
nim (nima nem num)
nim [BUZZ].
nim [F!].
nim [HI"H].
nim [#AN$] (
u
9nim).
num
(%ee &'ll li%(in))
tum
4
(tumu
4
)
('m [UNMN"].
A**adian +,-*%h,./
Also: alama
0
(NIM)1 dihi
2
1 elam1 elama1 elam'1 enim
3
1 nam
2
1 ni
4
1 n'
2
1 -'m
2
1 ('
5
.
Ge can observe how the Semitic scribe transformed the Semitic word for evil into
Sumerian phonetic values! elam1 elama1 elam'. $hi% i% (he .-,,& (ha( (he-e a-e n,
-'le% &,- 6-ea(in) S'me-ian +,-d%. A Semi(i6 %6-i7e 6,'ld a-7i(-a-il8 6'( and -ed'6e
an8 Semi(i6 +,-d in(, %malle- .a-(% and -ea--an)e (hem (, 6-ea(e ne+ a-(i&i6ial
+,-d% (ha( had ne9e- e0i%(ed 7e&,-e. $hi% i% (he -e%'l( ,& a lan)'a)e '%ed d'-in)
-eli)i,'% -i('al% and +a% ne9e- %.,*en ,n (he %(-ee(. I( +a% 6-ea(ed (, 6-ea(e %h,6*
and a+e am,n) (he illi(e-a(e a'dien6e.