Dr.

Mansour Al Hoshan
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
TiO
2
films have attracted attention for a great variety of applications such as:

dye-sensitizing solar cells,
photo catalysis,
gas sensing

TiO
2
nanoporous structures are desirible for these applications due to their high
surface area




A number of techniques have been used to make TiO
2
films, including:
Sol-gel,
Chemical vapor deposition
Pulsed laser deposition
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
DC Power supply
(+)
(-)
e
-
e
-
Electrolyte (HF)
Anode Cathode
Ti
Oxide
Electrolyte
Oxide
Ti
4+
O
2-
Ti
H
2
O
H
2
O
Ti
TiO
2
Ti
4+
Ti
Ti TiO
2
Ti
Tubular morphology
TiO
2
barrier oxide
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
Top view
Side view
Tube wall: ~10 nm
Tube hole diameter: ~100 nm
Tube height : ~ 300 nm
Anodizing Voltage: 20V
Anodizing Time: 20 min


100
nm
10
nm
~300 nm
Morphology
Description
Forming
Conditions
Void volume estimated ~ 77 %
HF Solution
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
2 min 5 min
10 min 20 min
Tube size with varied anodizing time (10V)
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
T(201)
T(103)
T(102)
T(002)
T(100)
T(101)
R(110)
R(101) R(211)
A(101)
HT (700
o
C, 3h) NT
HT (300
o
C, 3h) NT
Anodized (20V) TiO
2
NT

I
n
t
e
n
s
i
t
y
2
TiO
2
nanotubes formed at 20 V for 20 min in HF solution.
no heat treatment 300
o
C, 3h heat treatment 700
o
C, 3h heat treatment
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
General description of TONT
100 nm
TiO
2
Nanotubes

TiO
2
Nanotubes coated with Pt or Pd

TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
100 nm
Arrays of Aligned TiO
2
Nanotubes were formed using
anodizing process
Significance :
- Very thin walls of nanotubes ~ 10 nm
- Small tube diameter ~ 80 nm
- High surface area to volume ratio


Potential Application:
- Gas sensor
- Catalysts Support
- Solar energy conversion
- Photocatalyst
Summary
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process
TiO
2
Nanotubes Arrays fabricated by anodizing process