THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL

OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS

THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL
THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL THERMAL
OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS
OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS OVERLOAD RELAYS
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OVERLOAD
30%
SINGLE PHASING
14%
CONTAMINANTS
19%
OLD AGE
10%
BEARING FAILURE
13%
ROTOR FAILURE
5%
MISCELLANEOUS
9%
CAUSE OF MOTOR FAILURES
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Rotating Electrical Machines - Classes of Insulation
Rotating Electrical Machines - Classes of Insulation
Class of Maximum Permissible Operating
Insulation Attainable Temperature as in
Temperature (
o
C) IEC 60034-1, by the
(As per IEC 60085) Resistance Method
a
(
o
C)
Upto Above
5000kW 5000kW
A
b
105 100 100
E
b
120 115 110
B 130 120 120
F 155 145 145
H 180 165 165
a - Using Thermometer method, this temperature will be less by 10
o
C
b - These insulations are generally not used. For large motors, due to their low
operating temperature.
Class of Maximum Permissible Operating
Insulation Attainable Temperature as in
Temperature (
o
C) IEC 60034-1, by the
(As per IEC 60085) Resistance Method
a
(
o
C)
Upto Above
5000kW 5000kW
A
b
105 100 100
E
b
120 115 110
B 130 120 120
F 155 145 145
H 180 165 165
a - Using Thermometer method, this temperature will be less by 10
o
C
b - These insulations are generally not used. For large motors, due to their low
operating temperature.
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Motor Overload Protection -
Concepts
Motor Overload Protection -
Concepts
Motor Overload Protection
Motor Overload Protection
Temperature Sensing Current Sensing
Thermostat Thermister
PTC NTC
Electro-
Mechanical
Over-
Current
Relay
Electronic
Motor
Protection
Relay
Thermal
Overload
Relay or
Bi-metal
Overload
Relay
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WHY THERMAL O/L RELAYS ? WHY THERMAL O/L RELAYS ?
WHY THERMAL O/L RELAYS ?
THERMAL MEMORY
COMPACT
ACCURATE PROTECTION
LONG LIFE
AMBIENT COMPENSATION
LOW COST
THERMAL MEMORY
COMPACT
ACCURATE PROTECTION
LONG LIFE
AMBIENT COMPENSATION
LOW COST
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SELECTION OF THERMAL O/L
RELAYS
SELECTION OF THERMAL O/L
SELECTION OF THERMAL O/L
RELAYS
RELAYS
TYPE OF MECHANISM (SINGLE
SLIDE/DOUBLE SLIDE)
RELAY RANGE
I-T CHARACTERISTICS
TRIP CLASS
AUXILIARY CONTACTS
MOUNTING
TYPE OF MECHANISM (SINGLE
SLIDE/DOUBLE SLIDE)
RELAY RANGE
I-T CHARACTERISTICS
TRIP CLASS
AUXILIARY CONTACTS
MOUNTING
PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS
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Bimetallic Relay
Bimetallic Relay
Single Slide Mechanism
Double Slide Mechanism
Single Slide Mechanism
Double Slide Mechanism
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Principle of operation
Principle of operation
Two metals with different temperature
coefficient of expansion are fused together
With heating one of them expands more &
another expands less
This action results in bending of bimetal
Two metals with different temperature
coefficient of expansion are fused together
With heating one of them expands more &
another expands less
This action results in bending of bimetal
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RELAY I RELAY I- -T CHARACTERISTICS T CHARACTERISTICS
ON BALANCED O/L CONDITION ON SINGLE PHASING CONDITION
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SELECTION PARAMETERS
TRIP CLASS
SELECTION PARAMETERS
SELECTION PARAMETERS
TRIP CLASS
TRIP CLASS
TRIP CLASS
TRIP TIME T
P
IN SEC
(STARTING FROM COLD
CONDITION) WHEN MULTIPLE
OF SET CURRENT IS 7.2
10 A 2 < T
P
10
10 4 < T
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20 6 < T
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20
30 9 < T
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30
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SELECTION OF THERMAL
O/L RELAYS
BASIC CRITERIA
SELECTION OF THERMAL
SELECTION OF THERMAL
O/L RELAYS
O/L RELAYS
BASIC CRITERIA
BASIC CRITERIA
RELAY RANGE SHOULD BE SUCH THAT THE
CURRENT SETTING LIES TOWARDS MAXIMUM
SETTING
RELAY SETTING SHOULD BE AS PER ACTUAL
CURRENT DRAWN BY THE MOTOR
I-T CHARACTERISTICS OF RELAY SHOULD LIE
BELOW THE MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE
RELAY SHOULD NOT TRIP DURING STARTING
OF MOTOR
RELAY RANGE SHOULD BE SUCH THAT THE
CURRENT SETTING LIES TOWARDS MAXIMUM
SETTING
RELAY SETTING SHOULD BE AS PER ACTUAL
CURRENT DRAWN BY THE MOTOR
I-T CHARACTERISTICS OF RELAY SHOULD LIE
BELOW THE MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE
RELAY SHOULD NOT TRIP DURING STARTING
OF MOTOR
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SELECTION OF THERMAL
O/L RELAYS
IN CASE OF TRIPPING DURING
STARTING
SELECTION OF THERMAL
SELECTION OF THERMAL
O/L RELAYS
O/L RELAYS
IN CASE OF TRIPPING DURING
IN CASE OF TRIPPING DURING
STARTING
STARTING
SELECT RELAY HAVING LESS INVERSE
CHARACTERISTICS (e.g. C.T. MOUNTED RELAY)
& CHECK WHETHER IT WILL TRIP OR NOT
DURING STARTING, OR
BY PASS THE RELAY DURING STARTING
SELECT RELAY HAVING LESS INVERSE
CHARACTERISTICS (e.g. C.T. MOUNTED RELAY)
& CHECK WHETHER IT WILL TRIP OR NOT
DURING STARTING, OR
BY PASS THE RELAY DURING STARTING
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SELECTION OF O/L RELAY FOR
M1
RELAY BY PASS
SELECTION OF O/L RELAY FOR
SELECTION OF O/L RELAY FOR

M1
M1

RELAY BY PASS
RELAY BY PASS
TO M1

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RELAY I-T CHARACTERISTICS &
MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE
SUPERIMPOSED
RELAY I
RELAY I
-
-
T CHARACTERISTICS &
T CHARACTERISTICS &
MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE
MOTOR DAMAGE CURVE
SUPERIMPOSED
SUPERIMPOSED
100 200 300 400 500 600 700
% I
rM
T
I
M
E

I
N

S
E
C
RELAY CURVE
MOTOR DAMAGE
CURVE
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