Network Schedule: - Predominant Network Scheduling Techniques

Spring 2008,
King Saud University

Arrow Diagramming
Dr. Khalid Al-Gahtani
1
Network Schedule
Predominant Network Scheduling
Techniques:
Critical Path Method (CPM)
Program Evaluation and Review Technique
(PERT)

Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
2
Critical Path Method (CPM)
CPM is a graphical network-based
scheduling techniques that when applied
intelligently and honestly can be an
excellent tool in project management.
The CPM uses a graphic presentation of
the planned sequence of activities of a
project.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
3
CPM Network
Diagrammatically illustrates all
interdependencies of the projects
activities.
Used as a basis for:
Scheduling the total project time
Establishing priorities.
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Arrow Diagramming
4
CPM Network
Can be used for integrating:
Time
Cost
Available resources
Establishes a critical path for efficient use of
resources
Determine how much time each of the project
activities may be delayed without affecting the
completion time of the project as determined in
objective number one.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
5
CPM Network Drawing Schemes
Arrow Diagramming
(Activity-On-Arrow, AOA).
Node Diagramming
(Activity-On-Node, AON)
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
6
Activity-On-Arrow Method
Arrows:
Original Network Scheduling Technique
Uses a 2 nodes scheme
Diagram easily time scaled.
Nodes:
Commonly called events
Mark points in time
Represent the beginning or end of the time
available for a given activity.
Links:
Represent activities
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Dummy Activities:
Dummy Activity is a fictitious activity that has
no time duration and requires no resource
utilization.
Dummy activities used to develop correct
representation.
Always break up a dummy activity at the tail,
not at the head of the arrow.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Remove redundant dummy activities
Use unique numbering system for events.
Allow for addition of future activities
Try to number events such that the i node is
less than the j node.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Drawing AOA Networks
Prerequisites:
List of all activities comprising the project
Order of precedence of each activity
Duration estimate of each activity
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
10
Drawing AOA Networks
Basic Rules of Network Logic
1. Before an activity may begin, all activities
preceding it must be completed. (Activities
with no predecessors are self-actuating
when the project begins.)
2. Arrows imply logical precedence only.
Neither the length of the arrow not its
compass direction on the drawing have
any significance.
Spring 2008,
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Example:
Activity
Depends on
(Immediate Predecessor(s))
Duration (Day)
(Time to perform)
a 14
b 3
c 7
d a, b 4
e b, c 10

Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Bar Chart

a

b

c

d

e
14
3
18
17
7
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
13

a

b
c
d
e
Dummy
Activity on arrow
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
14
Common Errors in AOA
Dangling (AOA only).
Looping.
Redundancy (AOA only)
Unique Activity Designation
Possible of showing Improper Logic

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Arrow Diagramming
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Dangling

6 7
9
10
8
11
12
13
(8) and (9) are left dangling as they are not the last activities.
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Arrow Diagramming
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Looping

a
f g
i
e h
b d
c
Looping error results when an endless loop is shown in the diagram
and you can not progress beyond it.
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Arrow Diagramming
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Redundancy

2 3
4
Dummy
Dummy 2-4 is unnecessary as it is not needed for network analysis.
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Arrow Diagramming
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Unique Activity Designation

10 15
11
10 15
a)
b)
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Possible of showing improper Logic

15 30
20
a)
10 25
Activity A
Place Concrete
Slab in garage
Activity C
Install prefinished
shop cabinets
Activity B
Install garage
door
Activity D
Install garage
opener
15 30
20
b)
10 25
20
Activity A
Place Concrete
Slab in garage
Activity C
Install prefinished
shop cabinets
Activity B
Install garage
door
Activity D
Install garage
opener
In a) Activity D depends on A and B
In b) Activity D depends on B only.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
20

15 30
20
a)
10 25
Activity A
Place Concrete
Slab in garage
Activity C
Install prefinished
shop cabinets
Activity B
Install garage
door
Activity D
Install garage
opener
15 30
20
b)
10 25
20
Activity A
Place Concrete
Slab in garage
Activity C
Install prefinished
shop cabinets
Activity B
Install garage
door
Activity D
Install garage
opener
In a) Activity D depends on A and B
In b) Activity D depends on B only.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
21

15 45
25
a)
10
40
Activity A
Install Wallboard
Activity D
Paint Wall
Activity B
Install vinyl
flooring
Activity E
Install base trim
30
20 50
Activity C
Install Carpet
Activity F
Install floor registers
35
In a) Activity F depends on A, B, and C.
15 45
25
b)
10
40
Activity A
Install Wallboard
Activity D
Paint Wall
Activity B
Install vinyl
flooring
Activity E
Install base trim
31
20 50
Activity C
Install Carpet
Activity F
35
30
In b) Activity F depends only on B and C.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
22
15 45
25
a)
10
40
Activity A
Install Wallboard
Activity D
Paint Wall
Activity B
Install vinyl
flooring
Activity E
Install base trim
30
20 50
Activity C
Install Carpet
Activity F
35
In a) Activity F depends on A, B, and C.
15 45
25
b)
10
40
Activity A
Install Wallboard
Activity D
Paint Wall
Activity B
Install vinyl
flooring
Activity E
Install base trim
31
20 50
Activity C
Install Carpet
Activity F
35
30
In b) Activity F depends only on B and C.
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
23
Disadvantages of Arrow Notation
We may need to use dummy activities
Project Management is done on activity
basis
Does not give all details of the activity on
network diagram
Arrow would be very long, and dont
relate to time. The network is not time
scaled
Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Disadvantages of Arrow Notation

3
A
6
B
C
2
9
5

Dangling possible if B dos not have successors, B dangles.

Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Class work#1:
Activity Depends upon Activity Depends upon
A

G F
B A I F
F A J H
H A K I, J, F
C B, A L G, D, E
D B M K
E C N L, M

Spring 2008,
Arrow Diagramming
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Class work#1:
A
B
F
H
C
D
E
G
I
J K
L
M
N

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Spring 2008,

King Saud University

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