FP - Part A - Report Template

ENBE | Final Project | Part A Report | The Future City Representation
Better Cities of the Future

Elysium

Nor Syarianna Neo | 0318236
FNBE FEB 2014 | Taylors University

Nor Syarianna Neo| 0318236 | Ms. Ida| FNBE Feb 2014 | Taylors University
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Content:

1. Introduction
2. A City & Investigation on Better City Guidelines and Issues
3. Investigation & Data Collection: Ancient and old cities
4. Investigation & Data Collection: The present city/cities
5. Investigation & Data Collection: The future city/cities
6. The New X City : Elysium
7. The Conclusion

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1.Introduction:
For my final ENBE project, we as the mayor of the X city have to proposed a new X city.
The people in the the X city require a new city because it is no longer liveable. As a mayor
, we need to propose a new layout for the X city within the 5 option , which is :
underground city
underwater city
floating on water city
city in the air
city on land next to river or sea

The city layout must fit 150,000-300,000 Malaysian people and the city layout must be
within 20 kilometre square - 40 kilometre square. Besides that , we have to include this in
the city planning:
the geometric shape, form, pattern, hierarchy, system and structure of the city
the main focus of the city
the zoning of the city
the people, population, social issues, activities, food distribution, culture and religion
transportation and networking
infrastructure, utility,services and amenities
sustainable initiative and climate changes consideration and resilience
other services

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2.The City
2.1 What is a city?
A city is a relatively large and permanent human settlement.
Cities generally have complex systems for sanitation,utilities,land usage,housing and
transportation.
The concentration of development greatly facilitates interaction between people and
business, benefiting both parties in the process.
2.2 What makes a good city?
Urban Design Principle-
1.Density,Diversity and Mix (Cities and neighbourhoods will need to embrace
density,diversity and mix of users,building types, and public spaces.)
2.Pedestrians First (Resilient cities and neighbourhoods will prioritize walking as the
preferred mode of travel,and as a defining component of a healthy quality life.)
3.Transit Supportive
4.Place Making ( Conserving,enhancing,and creating strong,vibrantplaces, which are
significant component of the neighbourhoods structure andof the communitys identity.)
5.Complete communities
6.Integrated natural systems
7.Integrated technical and industrial systems.
8.Local Sources (Grow and produce the resources they need in close proximity)
9.Engaged communities
10.Redundant and durable life safety and critical infrastructure systems.
11.Resilient operations (Develop building types and urban forms with reduced carbon and
environmental footprints.)

Building Design Principle-
1. Use low carbon-input materials and systems
2. Design and plan buildings for low external energy inputs for ongoing building
operations
3. Design buildings for maximum day-lighting
4. Design generic buildings for future flexibility of use
5. Design for durability and robustness
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6. Design for use of local materials and products
7. Design and plan for low energy input constructability
8. Design for use of building systems that can be serviced and maintained with local
materials,parts and labor

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3.Investigation & Data Collection:
Ancient City-Tenochtitlan
3.1 Overview of the city

Tenochtitln was an Aztec city that flourished between A.D. 1325 and 1521. Located in
present day Mexico City, Tenochtitln was an overwhelming, monumental city that was built
on top of small islands and marsh lands. Built largely upon land reclaimed from Lake
Texcoco, the city was laid out on a grid, inspired by the still visible ruins of the ancient city
of Teotihuacan of a thousand years earlier
It was the third largest city in the world, after Constantinople and Paris, housing 200,000
inhabitants at its height. Tenochtitln was the city where the most impressive and
monumental Aztec architecture was to be found. Built on an island on Lake Texcoco, it had
a system of canals and causeways that supplied the hundreds of thousands of people who
lived there.
After the Spanish conquest, the city was looted, torn down, and its materials were used to
build present day Mexico City. From archaeological and various historical documents, such
as Spanish Chronicles and codices written by friars, Indians and other historians, the extent
and significance of the Aztec architecture can be deciphered.

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3.2 Significance details of the city
The Aztecs were well organized and had strong infrastructures and systems that mobilized
people and material resources in order to build large edifices that met the needs of their
population.
Tenochtitln, the capital city, symbolized Aztec power. Aztec architecture, being similar to
that of other Mesoamerican cultures, possessed an innate sense of order and symmetry.
Geometric designs and sweeping lines were representations of religious tenets and the
power of the state.
In addition, the Aztecs used bas-reliefs, walls, plazas, and platforms, as media to represent
their gods and ideals. During various epochs of their empire, the Aztecs added new
techniques and materials to their structures. Examples of Aztec monumentality and
grandeur are seen at the Great Temple, where 8,000 people could fit into its plaza, and the
market of Tlatelolco that housed 20,000 people on market days.

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3.2.1. Layout of the city
The general layout was formally
planned around a center. At the
heart of the city, there was
rectangular public plaza with
civic and religious buildings.
Beyond it were markets,
dwellings, schools etc. public
area.
The city was divided into four
zones orcampan, each campan
was then divided on 20 districts
(calpullis, Nahuatl calp!lli), and
each calpulli, or 'big house', was
crossed by streets or tlaxilcalli.

3.2.2 Aqueducts and Dams
The major cities of Tenochtitln were erected on tiny marshy islands along Lake Tetzcoco.
Those swampy islands had a limited supply of drinking water, so an aqueduct was built to
carry fresh water over the lake from springs at Chapultepec on the mainland .The Aztecs
also created long canals for irrigation of the fields, and in the times of the king Motecuzoma
I, the Tezcocan king Netzahuacoyotl built a dyke or dam that protected Tenochtitln from
floods that were very destructive during heavy rainy seasons. These sophisticated hydraulic
works were some of the most impressive accomplishments of Aztec technology. city was
joined up by 3 main causeways and a double aqueduct that brought fresh water from
Chapultepec. Surrounding the raised causeways were artificial floating gardens with
network of canal waterways that crossed each other at right angles, dividing the city into 4
quadrants.

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4 Large
Quarters
Smaller
Neighbourhood
Each own
central
plaza,shrine
City is divided into four large quarters symbolizing the 4 cardinal directions
with a ceremonial center.

3.2.3 Marketplace and Public Places
Each calpulli (from Classical Nahuatl calp!lli, Nahuatl pronunciation: [ka!"po#l#i], meaning
"large house") had its own tiyanquiztli (marketplace) In the center of the city were the
public buildings, temples and prostis. Inside a walled square, 300 meters to a side, was the
ceremonial center. There were about 45 public buildings including: the Templo Mayor,
which dedicated to the Aztec patron deity Huitzilopochtli and the Rain God Tlaloc, the
temple of Quetzalcoatl, the tlachtli (ball game court) with the tzompantli or rack of skulls,
the Sun Temple, which was dedicated to Tonatiuh, the Eagle's House, which was associated
with warriors and the ancient power of rulers, the platforms for the gladiatorial sacrifice, and
some minor temples. Outside was the palace of Moctezuma with 100 rooms, each one with
its own bath, for the lords and ambassadors of allies and conquered people. Also located
nearby was the cuicalli or house of the songs, and the calmecac.The city had a great
symmetry. All constructions had to be approved by the calmimilocatl, a functionary in
charge of the city planning.

3.2.4 Causeways and Networking
The city was joined by three main causeways and a double aqueduct that brought fresh
water from Chapultepec because the lake was salty. To the north lay the road to Tepeyacac
(Tepeyac), to the south lay Itztapalapa and Coyoacan, and to the west lay the road to
Tlacopan (Tacuba) and Chapultepec. In addition, there was a network of canals that crossed
each other at right angles, dividing the city into four quadrants, plus the center that was the
sacred precinct (symbolizing the Mesoamerican cosmogram of the four cardinal directions
and the center). Each quadrant was further subdivided into the four directions, with a center
and its own ceremonial precinct. The city followed the ancient city of Teotihuacn's urban
grid-plan system. The pyramids and plazas were a metaphor for the surrounding
mountainous volcanic shapes and the plateau of the lake.
Tenochtitln had three types of streets: dirt roads for walking, water canals that required a
canoe, and dirt-water streets which could be walked or canoed. Because the city was on
top of a lake, many streets intersected with deep water canals flanked by bridges made of
wood beams.

3.2.5 Chinampas: Floating Gardens
The swamps and gardens were on the outskirts of the city. Chinampas, known as floating
gardens were rectangular patches of earth on the swamp used to cultivated food and to
build houses. They were constructed on the swampy lakebed by staking out long
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rectangular enclosures of about 2.5m wide and 30m long. Stakes were woven together to
form fences which would be covered with decaying vegetation and mud. Another plot
would be constructed parallel to the first. The water in between each plot formed a canal.
This developed long rectangular chinampa patterns. Chinampas were stabilized by planting
slender willows around their perimeter. The willows dense roots anchored the retaining
walls. In order to irrigate the chinampas, a sophisticated drainage system of dams, sluice
gates, and canals were installed. The chinampas allowed the Aztecs to have productive
planting areas.

3.3 Building techniques
The building construction mainly focuses on the solidity of buildings due to the ever sinking
subsoil. Tezontle, a strong, light volcanic stone was extensively used as the main building
materials as it is lightweight yet sturdy enough. To prevent sinking,two building techniques
were implemented:
1. Use platforms as foundations
2. Drive wooden piles into the earth in close-packed formations.

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Present City: Ijburg
The development of Ijburg by Amsterdam, Holland,
is based on the struggle to provide new urban
development amidst a swathe of conflicting
conditions; the demand for new housing close to
Amsterdam city centre, the lack of available land to
build on, and the necessity to retain water surface
area and flood water volume in Lake Ijssel.
Ijburg is made up of eight islands, each with its own
character. Forming part of phase 1, Haveneiland
and Rieteiland are the most urban, with high
density buildings, quayside promenades and
facades dropping directly to the water's surface. In
contrast, Buiteneiland and Middeneiland in Ijburg II
take on a more loose-fit, organic feel, with softer
waterside gardens leading to more gradual tapered
coastlines.

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4.2 Signicant features of the city
At this moment IJburg has 20,000 inhabitants. One of the highlights of Ijburg is the small
Steigereiland, in English Pier-island. The urban design scheme is based on the collage city
concept. The island consists of 8 neighborhoods, each of which has its own individual
character. This island is considered as the maternity of modern architecture. In Ijburg, we
could find among other things free lots with surprising and colorful architecture and a water
neighborhood with floating dwellings and pile dwellings.

4.2.1 Mixed aesthetics, mixed occupancy
The island of Steigereiland combines high density, high rise apartments, medium density
four-storey townhouses, two-storey terraces and houseboats. There are also a number of
self commissioned dwellings. Each urban block is held by a design framework but within
this, there is a high degree of variation with regards to faade arrangement and the choice
of colours and materials used.
4.2.2 Floating houses
Due to a lack of available land next to Amsterdam city and in response to future flood risks
from rising water levels, Ijburg is becoming a fertile test-bed for floating homes. These are
constructed on concrete bases and are prefabricated which allows for customized homes.
Houseboats can change and adapt to future conditions since they plug on to the mains
supply of water, heat, and electricity via floating jetties but can always be detached, moved
and plugged on elsewhere.
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Future City: Green Float City
Green Float city is a future
environmental island with a
botanical future city concept
on the equatorial pacific
proposed by Shimizu Japan
Corporation.

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Green
Innovation

Botanical
City
Float
Innovation

Floating
City
The GREEN FLOAT concept embodies 2 areas of innovation:
The concept of the Green Float City is a city that grows just like a lily floating on the water,
designed meticulously on the equatorial region where sunlight is plentiful yet the impact of
typhoons is minimal.
5.2 Signicant features of the city
The Environmental Island Green Float has a diameter of 3,000m and floats on the ocean
like a flower petal. It is shaped like an inverted cone to maximize ground surface exposure
to sunlight.It consists of a vertical City in the Sky, a village-scale community with a diameter
of 1,000m and green and aquatic open spaces rich in sunlight.
5.2.1 Layout of the city
1. City in the sky (30 floors,700m high, 200ha)
An area rising 700-1,000m above the equator.
Contains residential area. Here you find an
energy-conserving compact city that is pleasant
and peaceful, with no strong winds and a
temperature of about 26-28C year-round.

2. Terrestrial forest
A Estuarine zone where seawater mix with freshwater.
It is Form as ecologically rich green space.

3.Marine forest
Formed of dense marine vegetation in a rich biodiverse lagoon.
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4.Marine city
In the oceanfront area, the low-rise townhouses
are bases for living. green space. An estimation of
10,000
inhabitants could be contained in this residential
zone.

5.Plant factory
With leading-edge biotechnology.
Acts as a production facility to support the inhabitants.
Aimed at 100% food self-sufficiency.

6.Ship terminal

7. Office tower
New business models are born here.
Contains office area, commercial stores and
research facilities.
Future businesses that fuses nature and
technology together.

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5.2.2 City Planning
Green life zoning-
Apart from the essential residential area, office area, commercial area, research area, the
city is also divided into six different green life zoning area to promote a more healthier
lifestyle:
1. Strolling and jogging zone
2. Shop and restaurant zone
3. Agritourism Zone
4. Aquatic leisure zone
5. Culture and heritage zone

Flexibility to grow-
Concept: Human-scale distances and configurations, an urban village that grows like a
floating on the water. The green float tower is a compact village with a walkable radius of
1km, which is also defined here as a cell (district). Cells are then added to form modules
(cities) which join to form units (countries).

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5.2.3 The Technology behind Green Float City

A. CO2 Reduction: Going Beyond CO2 Reduction to Carbon Negative-

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Concept: To create a city that absorbs CO2 like a plant, we will employ
environmental technologies to achieve a carbon negative system.
1.Switch to a Compact City and Conversion of Industrial Structure (CO2 Reduction: About
40%).
Effort will be done to reduce CO2 through more efficient transportation and distribution
resulting from the shift to a compact city.
2.Energy Conservation (CO2 Reduction: About 30%)
At 1,000m above the equator, the temperature is around a comfortable 26C. In
addition,the newest next-generation technologies will be adopted to eliminate fossil fuel
use and increase thermal insulation and facility efficiency.
3. Power Generation Using Natural Energy (CO2 Reduction: About 30%)
A range of natural energy sources including space solar power satellites, ocean thermal
energy conversion, waves, wind and solar power will be fully employed.
4. CO2 Recovery and Ocean Sequestration (CO2 Reduction: About 30%)
The CO2 absorption capacity of the ocean is thought to be orders of magnitude greater
than terrestrial forests. Large-scale CO2 reduction and fixation can be expected following a
global agreement.
B. Preserving Nature: A Bustling Botanical City Where People Live in a Harmonious
Balance with Nature-
1.Terrestrial Forest
Biodiversity through a mixture of forest and farmland . A space for a thriving diversity of life
will be created through a mixture of forest, fields, waterways, reservoirs and grasslands. In
addition,importance on human contact with Nature will be placed including making places
where people can experience agriculture.
2. Marine Forest
Biodiversity in coastal waters. Around the coastal circumference shallows will be created
while maintaining harmony with natural ecosystems. Together with water purification and
enhancing the biodiversity of the shallows, importance on the relationship is placed
between natural ecosystems and human activities such as shellfish and algae harvesting.

C. Futuristic recycling:
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Garbage and CO2 produced in daily living are used to cultivate food and achieve food self-
sufficiency. Total recycling includes the ability to use wastepaper, daily garbage and scrap
wood as an energy source.
D. Disaster and Evacuation Features
Comprehensive urban disaster prevention and a business continuity plan (BCP) will be
employed to respond to potential natural and urban disasters. Measures will include the
adoption of predictive active control functions for disaster prevention based on weather
forecasting and information from wind and wave sensors.
1.Disaster and Evacuation Measures
Each 100m of height is segmented as an individual
unit for disaster prevention purposes. This
prevents damage from spreading to other units
and keeps fire from spreading. In addition, each
unit contains an evacuation area to provide
temporary shelter.

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2. Strong Wind Countermeasures
As a countermeasure in the unlikely case of strong winds, active control vibration dampers
will decrease the effects by using sensors currently employed in airports to measure the
force of the wind and estimate its influence on buildings.
3. Wave Countermeasures
Very strong elastic membranes are attached to the
bottom of the lagoons around the outer
circumference, with the shallows above the
membranes around 10m higher than sea level. The
water pressure difference limits the movement of
the membranes, thus buffering the force of open
sea waves. In addition, 20-30m high seawalls are
constructed to handle a worst-case scenario.
4. Lightning Countermeasures
In addition to lightning rods around the circumference of the tower top, because the
structure is very tall, mesh lightning conductors will be placed on the exterior walls as a
countermeasure against lightning strikes on the side walls.
E. Environmental-friendly Structural Materials
The Environmental Island's structural materials are
magnesium alloys whose primary raw material is
sea water. Because magnesium is found not only in
ore but also in sea water, if it is smeltable then
there is no danger of depletion. Sea water is
composed of about 0.13% dissolved magnesium by weight, so one ton of magnesium can
be extracted from 770 tons of sea water. Because its specific gravity is a quarter that of
steel, magnesium has a superior specific strength. In addition, it has gained attention as an
environmentally friendly material even compared to other lightweight structural materials
such as fiber-reinforced plastic(FRP) because it can be melted down and recycled.
F. Tower Structural Planning and Construction
The ultra-high-rise tower is composed of three structural tubes. Residences and the plant
factory are located between the outer and middle tubes, and equipment for the vertical
circulation, such as elevators, in the inner tube. The residences in the outer circumference of
the City in the Sky form a projecting megaterrace linked to the central core by bridges.

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G. Construction of an Articial Offshore Ground Structure (Bonded Honeycomb
Structure)
The ground base of the city is a honeycomb structure which incorporates hexagonal cells.
Widely used in construction and leading-edge aerospace fields, this structure is more than
90% air, making it both strong and lightweight. An artificial offshore ground structure will be
constructed by linking these honeycombs.
STEP 1
Individual honeycombs are produced
on special wave-resistant barges
equipped with concrete plants.
Approximately 20m wide, 50m tall and
weighing from 5,000 to 7,000 tons,
they are turned on end and set afloat
by equipment at the edges of the
barges.
STEP 2
Water is injected into the honeycomb
units, to achieve a balanced position.
Units are bonded into square groups
with other honeycombs with rubber
gaskets on bonding surfaces, using
water pressure to join them together
by forcing the interstitial water out. In
addition, high-strength concrete and
studs are used as secondary bonding to
achieve close coupling.
STEP 3
Once the 50m high floating
substructure is coupled and
expanded to create an artificial
ground structure, construction work
on the ground will begin.

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-THE CONSTRUCTION
OF THE OFFSHORE
GROUND STRUCTURE,

H. Ultra-High-Rise Marine Construction ("Smart" System Float-Over Deck)

The ultra-high-rise tower will
be built with "Smart" system
float-over deck marine
construction, employing the
unique properties of marine construction. The building is not
erected above the surface. Construction of the framework is
conducted above sea level, but as the structure is completed it
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is temporarily submerged. Once the framework is assembled, it is lifted in one movement
using the buoyancy of sea water. Rather than moving people and equipment to the upper
levels, construction at the surface platforms can be constantly performed, thus ensuring
safe, efficient construction.

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5.3 Conclusion about the city

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6. The New X-City: Elysium
Elysium is a decentralized, self-
sustaining city unit, which offers
the transition of men from land
to sea, so that the land could
be used for food production
and the Earth could start its
process of self-regeneration
from the negative human
impact. It functions
independently as a city-unit, as
well as a cluster of units, which
share information, energy, and
goods.
Each city-unit is placed on the
intersection of perpendicular
traffic lanes, which form the grid
that serves as a connection
between cities and land.
through a network of ultra fast
trains.
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As seen in the photo, Elysium, represented by the red dot is a city that is composed of
multiple city units in the form of a grid. Each city units is connected to each other by the
high-speed train lanes. Within each square grid, there is also a hydrophobic farm that
supports each citys agriculture purposes. The reason why the city is in the form of grid is
that each city units may detach themselves from each other in cases of emergency. As the
weather is much unpredictable, living offshore in the ocean has it dangers. For example, a
monstrous storm or tide may present themselves in future time. So to provide a self-
defence mechanism to the city, Each city units is connected in the form of grid with
detachable train lanes. Apart from defence purposes, the grid lane also serves as a energy
conservation mechanism, as the energy between each city units are transferable and thus
conservable.
As shown in the second photo, Elysium also takes maximum advantage of its offshore
location to produce renewable energy by two main systems, which is the wind energy and
also the water stream energy . It consists of two structures that can rotate independently to
utilize the two specific energy.
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6.2 Signicant details about the city
6.2.1 Layout of the city
Each Elysium unit is a vertical building that composes of a upper and lower part.

The most upper part of the building is the communication antenna that is used for
communication purposes. Beside the antenna, is an airplane landing dock. Alongside the
upper tower, there are wind turbines that utlilzes the wind energy and in turn generate
energy for conservation. Below it is a row of fresh water storage that conserve and reuses
rainwater. Alongside it is the elevator that connects each of the 60 floors in the upper tower,
which contains residential units,office units, technical labs etc. While the lower part of the
building contains community centre, public library, religious centre,laboratories as well as
the administrative office. At the side of the building are the connected train lanes.
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6.2.3 Structure of the Elysium unit

6.2.4 Technology of the Elysium unit
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6.2.5 Transportation
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The figure above shows the generation of energy by utilising the wind energy and
water stream energy. In addition, the utilisation of seawater is also displayed hin the
figure. When the winde current blows across the Elysium building, the wind turbines
located alongside the building will starts to turn and in turn generates energy for
conservation. Same theory goes to the water turbines on the lower part of the
Elysium. When there is excessive energy in one particular Elysium unit, it will be
transferred into the next or any Elysium unit that is lacking energy. Apart from that,
the Elysium unit has also one important feature where the seawater is sucked into the
lower plant and is processed through the desalination plant which becomes fresh
water. The fresh water is then transported to the upper tower for human usage while
the waste water is transported through the waste water treatment center and is used
for irrigation purposes.
Generated energy is continuously shared
between the buildings and cities connected by
the transportation grid,
Excess energy can be stored in each building
and can be used as energy source whenever
and wherever necessary throughout the
network system.
6.2.6 Hydrophonic Farming
Within each Elysium grid square, there is a hydrophobic farm that supports each city units
agriculture necessity. The two main features of the hydrophobic farm are biofuel production
and food production through High Density Vertical Bioreactor System and High Density
Vertical Growth System. The highlight of the structure of the hydrophobic farm is that at the
top of the structure is a few rows of Fog catcher. This mechanic structure captures the
water fog and also the rainwater for re-use purposes while sunlight is captured by the algae
tube to be produced as biodiesel. These two features are important as it provides the
citizens valuable vegetation and energy sources.

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The structure and the movement mechanism of the fog catcher.

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6.3 Conclusion of the city

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7. Conclusion

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ENBE | Final Project | Part A Report | The Future City Representation

Better Cities of the Future

floating on water city

city in the air

city on land next to river or sea

the main focus of the city

the zoning of the city

transportation and networking

infrastructure, utility,services and amenities

sustainable initiative and climate changes consideration and resilience

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