Receptive skills

Reading Listening
What is? Interpretation of the
characters or symbols of
which a written message
is composed.
Fluent process that
combines information of
a text and background
knowledge.

Natural precursor to
speaking.
First stage of language
development in a
persons first language.
Nation and Newman
(2009).
Acquisition
of the ability
Process of acquiring the
necessary skills for
reading.
Ability to acquire
meaning from print.
Cognitive [All happen in
the mind] and social
process [Contextualized
in a period of society]
Two processes of
acquisition of reading:
Top down and Bottom
up

Meaningful content
[Interesting content]
*Top down: They are
concerned with the
activation of schemata, with
deriving meaning, with
global understanding, and
with the interpretation of a
text
* Bottom up: Focus on
sounds, words, intonations,
grammatical structures and
other components of
spoken language

Types of
performances
Oral
Silent: *Intensive

*Extensive:
- Skimming: Look for
general information
- Scanning: Looking for
specific information
- Global: Implies more
reading than skimming.

Reactive: It does not
need a meaningful
understanding
Intensive: Components
[Certain elements
focused on developing a
bottom up skill. Aspects
of language]
Responsive: To respond
what the teacher asks.
Answer as quickly as
possible
[Comprehension]
Selective: Specific
information. To scan the
material selectively for
certain information.
Extensive: Not to pay
attention on specific
information. Something
interesting.
Interactive: Include the
other 5 skills mentioned
before.

Teaching of
the ability
Use silent reading
techniques for rapid
processing.
Scan the text for specific
information ( names,
dates, key words)
Skim the text for the gist
and for main ideas.

Use techniques that are
intrinsically motivating.
Utilise authentic
language and contents.
Encourage the
development of listening
strategies [Key words.
Intonation]
Include Bottom-up and
Top-down listening
techniques.

In Reading and Listening skills is most important to check the
understanding because everything happens in mind. Cognitive
processes
















Productive skills
Speaking Writing
What is? Interactive process.
It is about making
meaning express ideas
and communicate with
others.

Writing is a way of
express ideas
The most difficult ability
to acquire
Acquisition
of the ability
Listening: What people
try to express
Imitation: To repeat what
you hear.
Extensive reading: the
structure helps to
develop grammar,
vocabulary, ideas, etc.
Genre: Write with a
purpose
Process: Purpose and
context = Social [ Write
for someone]

Types of
performances
Imitative: Especially in
beginners
Intensive: Meaningful
interaction
Responsive: Ask for
something. [Short
interaction]
Interactive: Specific
purpose
*Transactional: To focus
on specific information
*Interpersonal: Social
conversation [Ss-
Teacher; Ss-Ss]

Imitative: Following a
structure
Intensive: Analysis [ To
develop specific aspects]
Self-writing: To process
the information. [Own
words]
Display writing: To show
knowledge at school. It is
about understanding. If
students learn or not.
Real writing: Purpose
[Communicative]

Teaching of
the ability
Focus on both fluency
and accuracy,
depending on the
objective.
Provide intrinsically
motivating techniques.
Encourage the
development of
speaking strategies
Provide appropriate
feedback and correction
Incorporate practice of
good writers. [ Provide
positive feedbacks and
praising]
Connecting reading and
writing. [To learn
vocabulary and grammar
rules]
To promote collaborative
work.