Lecture Computer Networks

Domain Name System (DNS)

Prof. Dr. H. P. Gromann mit M. Rae! sowie
H. Hutsc"enreiter un# $. Nau % Sommersemester &'(& %
)nstitut f*r +r,anisation un# Mana,ement -on
)nformationssystemen
$"omas Nau. ki/
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e &
Domain Name System (DNS)
0 1 #istriute# #ataase use# y $CP2)P app!ications
3 trans!ates etween symo!ic names an# )P a##resses
3 pro-i#es mai! routin, information
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e (67.8'.6'.((9
stu#ent.uni5u!m.#e smtp.uni5u!m.#e (e:amp!e oso!ete)
www.cs.uc!a.e#u pike.cs.uc!a.e#u
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e 6
Top Level Domains (TLD)
e#u com or, net mi! int ,o- #e us
root
,eneric (or or,ani/ationa!) #omains
...
country (or ,eo,rap"ica!) #omains
.
...
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e 7
Generic Domains
Domain Description
.aero air transport in#ustry
.arpa infrastructure #omain
.i/ usiness
.cat Cata!an !in,uistic an# cu!tura! community
.com commercia! or,ani/ations
.coop cooperati-e associations
.e#u e#ucationa! institutions
.,o- ;.S. ,o-ernment
.info information
.int internationa! treaty or,ani/ations
.4os "uman resource mana,ers
.mi! ;.S. mi!itary
.moi consumers an# pro-i#ers of moi!e pro#ucts an# ser-ices
.museum museums
.name in#i-i#ua!s
.net ma4or network support centers
.or, ot"er or,ani/ations
.pro cre#entia!e# professiona!s
.tra-e! entities wit" primary area of acti-ity is in t"e tra-e! in#ustry
Source< "ttp<22www.iana.or,2,t!#2,t!#."tm
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e =
Country Code Domains
Domain Country
.ar 1r,entina
.e >e!,ium
.cn C"ina
.cm Cameroon
.#e Germany
.e, ?,ypt
.fr @rance
.in )n#ia
.m: Me:ico
.tn $unisia
.us ;S1
. .
. .
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e 8
Domain Names
0 +r,ani/ations app!y for names wit"in a top5!e-e! #omain<
3 uni5u!m.#e
3 unesco.or,
3 "p.com
0 +r,ani/ations #etermine t"eir DNS structure
3 @!at namespace
0 uni5u!m.#e. ,m#.#e. mwk.#e. siemens.#e. ...
0 Con-enient an# s"ort
3 Hierarc"ica! namespace
0 u5tokyo.ac.4p. e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e. cs.ncsu.e#u. siemens.co.uk. ...
0 De!e,atin, aut"orities
0 ?ac" or,ani/ation runs its DNS an# maintains its information
#ataase
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e A
Example of DNS Hierarchy
top !e-e!
#omain
secon# !e-e!
#omains
t"ir# !e-e!
#omains
#e
uni5u!m
ki/
me#i/in e5tec"nik
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e 9
Name to ddress !esolution
"ost
name ser-er
B
reCuest to reso!-e
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
answer is (67.8'.6'.((9
1 "ost wants t"e )P a##ress of 4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e<
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e D
0 E"at #oes a name ser-er B #o w"en it #oes not contain t"e
reCueste# informationF
name ser-er B contacts ot"er name ser-ers
0 ?ac" name ser-er knows aout t"e "i,"er !e-e! name ser-ers
0 $"e !owest !e-e! ser-er knows t"e answer of t"e reCuest (e.,. )P
a##ress)
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e ('
Hierarchy of Name Servers
0 root name ser-ers (current!y are (6)

a.root5ser-ers.net ... m.root5ser-ers.net

t"e aut"oritati-e name ser-ers for root #omain

know names an# )P a##resses of eac" aut"oritati-e name ser-er

for a!! t"e top !e-e! #omains
0 aut"oritati-e name ser-ers for a top !e-e! #omain
(e.,. #e 5 8 at t"e moment)

know names an# )P a##resses of eac" aut"oritati-e name ser-er

for t"e secon# !e-e! #omains
0 aut"oritati-e name ser-ers for a secon# !e-e! #omain
(e.,. uni5u!m.#e 5 7 at t"e moment)
...
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e ((
Domain Name !esolution
"ost
name ser-er
B
reCuest to reso!-e
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
answer< (67.8'.6'.((9
root name ser-er
(e.,. a.root5ser-ers.net)
reCuest to reso!-e
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
name ser-er
(e.,. a.nic.#e)
name ser-er
(e.,. #ns(.uni5u!m.#e
reCuest to reso!-e
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
reCuest to reso!-e
4e#i.e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
answer< a!! )P a##resses an#
names of NSs aut"oritati-e for
t"e $op Le-e! Domain #e
(e.,. a.nic.#e)

answer< a!! )P a##resses an#
names of NSs aut"oritati-e for
t"e #omain uni5u!m.#e
(e.,. #ns(.uni5u!m.#e)
name ser-er B cac"es
a!! answers
answer< (67.8'.6'.((9
an# a!! )P a##resses an# names
of NSs aut"oritati-e for t"e
#omain e5tec"nik.uni5u!m.#e
(e.,. #ns(.uni5u!m.#e)
(
8
=
7
6
&
A
9
Computer Networks % DNS % Sommersemester &'(& Pa,e (&
?:amp!es of types of entries in t"e DNS #ataase
$ype Meanin, Description
1 "ost a##ress )P a##ress for a ,i-en name
NS name ser-er NSs of a #omain
P$R pointer recor# name for a ,i-en )P a##ress
MBmai! e:c"an,er recei-er of a mai! a##ress
S+1 start of aut"ority t"e ser-er supp!ies t"e /oneGs #ata
!esource !ecords (heavily used "y #icrosoft D)