ANATOMI

ORGAN INDERA
Sasanthy Kusumaningtyas
Departemen Anatomi
FKUI
OBJEKTIF
PENGHIDU
Menjelaskan saraf yang menginervasi sistem penghidu
Menjelaskan jaras penghidu sampai ke tingkat SSP
PENGECAP
Menjelaskan saraf-saraf yang menginervasi lidah (motorik dan sensorik)
Menjelaskan jaras pengecapan sampai ke tingkat SSP
PENGLIHATAN


Menjelaskan struktur mata dan organ asesoriusnya (termasuk persarafan dan
pendarahannya)
Menjelaskan kerja otot-otot ekstraokular (ekstrinsik) dan intrinsik bola mata dan
persarafannya
Menjelaskan jaras-jaras yang berhubungan dengan visual


PENDENGARAN DAN KESEIMBANGAN




Menjelaskan struktur telinga luar, tengah dan dalam
Menjelaskan topografi alat-alat yang terdapat pada telinga tengah
Menjelaskan lintasan n.facialis di telinga tengah
Menjelaskan jaras pendengaran dan keseimbangan
Synaptic glOmel\Jlus
OllActo<y bulb
OIJaclo<y tract
nerves
OIIac1oty
norve
OllllClory
A
OllaClO'Y cell
OIf3ct,O'Y hairs (ema)
PENGHIDU
Source: Richard S Snell. Clinical neuroanatomy. 7
th
ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010
Oplic chiasma
Source: Noback & Demarest. The human nervous system. 3rd ed. Mc Graw Hill. 1981.
Amygdala, hipothalamus reaksi emosional & reaksi viseral (muntah, lapar)
Cortex sinyal ke sel granul, menghambat sel mitral mengubah kualitas bau
(bau
makanan lebih terasa bila lapar, dst)
(Emotional responses)
Source: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology. Mc Graw Hill Companies. 2003.
LIDAH
Intemallaryn
geal
(CN X)
nerv
e
Glossopharyngeal
nerve (CN IX, general
and special sensory)
Palatoglos
sus
(vagus nerve,
CN X)
r )
r
All other
muscles!
IH-- Lingual nerve
(CN V3,
of tongue
(hypogloss
al
nerve, CN
XII)
'
,_....,i-I general sensory)
Chorda
tympani (CN vn,
special
sensory)
Sensory nerves
Motor
nerves
Superior
View
Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy, 2.0
Taste buds stimulasi N VII,IX, X
NS
1)hypothalamus & amygdala (refleks
otonom, salivasi, dst. 2) thalamus
Source: Marieb & Mallat. Human Anatomy. 3rd ed. Benjamin Cummings.2001
ORBITA
Supraortlttal
notch
Trochlear notch
(or spone) Optic canal (foramen)
Lacrimal foramen
Sphenoid bone ---
Superior orbital
fissure
Orbital process of _---
palatine bone
Crest of lacrimal bone
(posterior lacrimal crest)
Fossa for
lacrimal sac
Infraorbital suture
closing canal
Infraorbital foramen
Infraorbital groove
Infraorbital Maxillary
canal bone
Anterior View
Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy, 2.0
TULANG-TULANG PEMBENTUK RONGGA ORBITA



Atap : fossa cranii anterior, pars orbita os frontal
Medial: lamina papyracea; sinus ethmoidales
Lateral: proc.frontalis os zygomaticum & ala magna os
sphenoid
tebal berfungsi sebagai pelindung terhadap trauma
Lantai: terutama maxilla; os zigomaticum & palatinum
Apex: canalis opticus
Tulang-tulang orbita dilapisi oleh periorbita. Ke arah canalis
opticus berlanjut menjadi duramater lapis periosteal



TULANG-TULANG PEMBENTUK RONGGA ORBITA
FISSURA ORBILTALIS
SUPERIOR
FISSURA ORBITALIS
INFERIOR
Fossa pterigopalatina
N. maxillaris
V. ophthalmica inferior
CANALIS OPTICUS
Fossa cranii media








N. lacrimalis
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
N.
V.
frontalis
III
IV
V 1
VI
nasociliaris
ophthalmica

Fossa cranii media
N. II
A. ophthalmica
CANALIS NASOLACRIMALIS
Meatus inferior nasi
Ductus nasolacrimalis
superior
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
palpebrae superioris
Superior rectus,
Superior oblique
Trochlear
(CN IV)
Common
te
.
ndinous
nerve
Trochlea
Optic nerve
fascicles
.--f- Ophthalmic
artery
nng
Lateral
rectus
'--t--Medial
-Lateral
fossa
Oculomotor
rectus
Abducent
nerve (CN
VI)
nerve (eN III)
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
Ciliary ganglion
Anterio
r
view
FIGURE 7.32. Common tendinous ring, structural relationships.
ORBITA
Ethmoidal cells (4)
Crista galll
Trochlea
Anterior
Infratrochlear
elhmoidal
nerve
nerve
Levator palpebrae superioris
Medial rectus (3)
Long ciliary
nerves
Lateral
rectus (2)
Lateral nerve
Lacrimal rectus ;J1 oet,L
Abducent nerve (CN VI)
Branches of CN III
Trochlear nerve (CN IV)
Anterior clinoid process
Internal carotid artery
Short ciliary nerves
Ciliary ganglion
Nasociliary nerve
Posterior ethmoidal nerve
Optic
chiasma
Suoerior View
Source: Dynamic Human Anatomy, 2.0

Bola mata terbenam
dalam jaringan lemak
yang mengisi rongga
orbita
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
MATA
Asesorius mata
Bola mata
Otot-otot okular dan ekstraokular bola mata
Source: Saladin. Anatomy & Physiology. Mc Graw Hill Companies. 2003.
ASESORIUS MATA
(Chantus)
Source: Moore & Agur. Essential clinical anatomy. 3
rd
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007
Medial palpebral Ilgamont
OrlltCular1s
OCUli
OTOT-OTOT ORBITA
Levator
palpebrae
superioris muscle
Perosteon
~~:~~:~~

Orbicularis oculi

muscle .....,_ .
Lateral
palpebra
l
ligament
Orbital septum -+'"
Tendon
or lovator
palpebrao superioris muscle _:~44-~~~-~
SuperiOr
ooojlroctival fornix --t;-
,;;..,.z...,H/.:
~
Tarsus-~rf
I
/
SUI>erM)trarsal
muscle
(smooth muscle)
Tarsagl land
Inll)(lortarsus
Kelenjar tarsal: meningkatkan viskositas air mata &
mengurangi evaporasi air mata di bola mata
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell.
Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
Kelenjar lakrimal
Source: Van De Graaff. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company. 2001
Suplai darah dan inervasi
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
Suplai darah dan inervasi
Anlanor elhmoodalarlay
Doosel nasal
anery
Supratrochlear arta<y
~;6
Shott ~t."."
ciiary artery
Long po8t ..
io<
cW.aryellery
IclrimaIDller
y
Centml ,.lInol
ar1ery
'-=-
----

:---
Inferior
ophlhalmic
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
INNERVASI KELENJAR LACRIMAL
(NV1)
/secretomotor(NVII)
(NV2)
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
BOLA MATA
TIGA KOMPONEN UTAMA:


Tunica membentuk dinding bola
mata
Komponen optik meneruskan
dan mefokuskan cahaya
Komponen neural: retina & n.opticus

BOLA
KOMPONEN OPTIK:
MATA
Aqueus humor: disekresiken oleh corpus
ciliaris
Lensa: digantung di belakang pupil oleh
lig.suspensorium (melekat pada corpus
ciliaris)
Vitreus humor: jelly transparan; hyaloid
canal (sisa a.hyaloid)


BOLA MATA
Ruangan:
Camera occuli/bulbi anterior (anterior chamber)
Camera occuli/bulbi posterior (posterior
chamber)


Aqueus humor nutrisi dan
oksigen
(avaskular)
Canal of Schlemm
Posterior (postremal):
Vitreous humor (jelly like)
utk lensa dan kornea




Kontribusi pada tekanan intraokular
Mempertahankan bentuk bola mata
Menahan retina ke choroid
BOLA MATA
Source: Van De Graaf. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. Mc Graw Hill Companies. 2001.
Bola mata
a.centralis retinae
Lapisan
fibrosa:
Sclera
Cornea
Lapisan vaskular:
Choroid
Corpus ciliaris
Lapisan dalam, retina
- Pigmented layer melekat
pada choroid
- Neural layer: fotoresereptor dan
neuron
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.

Bola mata
Discus opticus blind spot, tempat n.II meninggalkan bola mata
tidak mengandung reseptor yang sensitif terhadap cahaya
Macula lutea: sangat sensitif cahaya, banyak mengandung cone cells
fovea centralis


Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell.
Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
Otot intrinsik mata: corpus ciliaris
Kontraksi m.ciliaris

lig.suspensorium rileks
lensa menebal

pengelihatan dekat

parasimpatis n
(occulomotor)
III
Lig.suspensorium
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
Otot intrinsik mata:
m. ciliaris
Source: Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley & Anne M.
Agur. 2010. Clinically oriented Anatomy. 6
th
ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Otot intrinsik mata: Iris
Dilator, susunan radial melebarkan pupil
simpatis (ganglion cervicalis superior, T1)
Sphincter, susunan sirkular mengecilkan
pupil parasimpatis n III
Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company.
persarafan otot intrinsik mata
Source:. Richard L Drake, Wayne Vogl & Adam W.M. Mitchell. Grays Anatomy for students. Elsevier. 2007.
Aliran humor aqueus
Van De Graaff. 2001. Human Anatomy. 6th ed. McGraw-Hill Company.
BOLA
SUPLAI DARAH
MATA
Cabang-cabang a.ophtalmica:
A.ciliaris brevis posterior
lapisan
choroid
A.ciliaris longus posterior sclera
&
lapisan choroid sebelah anterior
A.ciliaris anterior
A.centralis retinae




Suplai darah bola mata
A.Ciliaris dan
a/v.centralis retinae
cabang
a.ophtalmica
Source: Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley & Anne M.
Agur. 2010. Clinically oriented Anatomy. 6
th
ed.
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Central retinal
artery & vein
long posterior ciliary artery
Short posterior
ciliary vessels
Supra-orbital vein
Superior
ophthalmic
vein
Infra-orbital vein Inferior
ophthalmic
vein
Angular vein
To pterygoid
venous plexus
FIGURE 7.39. Veins of right orbit.
OTOT-OTOT
ORBITA
M.
M.
M.
Orbicularis occuli
levator palpebrae
tarsus superior
EKSTRAOKULAR
Mm. recti : superior,
inferior, medial, lateral
Mm. obliquus: superior, inferior
OCULAR
Mengontrol bentuk lensa dan ukuran pupil: M. ciliaris,
m. sphincter pupillae, m. dilator pupillae

OTOT-OTOT EKSTRAOKULAR BOLA MATA
Trochle
a
A
/ SI,perlior
obIiq""
",","r- Medial rectus
--l,;-rt:- SuperiOr reclU
S
l!"'ator p<~pebrae.._;oris
B
Inferior
oblique
Lateral
Inferio
r
Elsevier.Drake et al: Grav'sAnatomy for Students - www.studentconsult.com
OTOT-OTOT EKSTRAOKULAR BOLA MATA
SA
SA
----Trochlea -~
"Opllc n.
LA
LA-I--
Iris
JSeen
. through
I
A
Pupil cornea
Anterior view Posterio
r
view
Source: Moore & Agur. Essential clinical anatomy. 3
rd
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2007
Levato
r
palpebrae
superioris
Superio
r
rect
u
Superior
oblique
Trochlea
r
(CN IV)
Common
te
.
ndinous
nerv
e
"., Trochle
a
Optic
nerve
fascicles
Ophthalm
ic artery
nng
Latera
l
rectus
.
,Ifto
....._.-_---f:E---J~Medial rectu s
-Lateral
foss
a
Oculomotor
nerve
(CNIIII)
Inferior rectus
Inferior oblique
~~
Abducent
nerve (CN VI)
Ciliary
ganglion
Anterior view
FIGURE 7.32. Common tendinous ring, structural relationships.
AKSIS BOLA MATA
Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley & Anne M. Agur. 2010. Clinically oriented Anatomy. 6
th
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
Medial wall extends
farther anteriorly than
lateral wall
OTOT-OTOT EKSTRAOKULAR BOLA MATA
OTOT ORIGO INSERSIO AKSI AKSI SEKUNDER SARAF
UTAMA
Rectus superior Annulus Aspek elevasi Aduksi; intorsi N.III
tendineus anterosuperior
Obliquus Os lacrimal Kuadran Elevasi Abduksi; ekstorsi N.III
inferior posterolateral
inferior
Rectus inferior Annulus Aspek Depresi Aduksi, ekstorsi N.III
tendineus anteroinferior
Obliquus Os sphenoidal Kuadran Depresi Abduksi, intorsi N.IV
superior posterolateral
superior
Rectus medialis Annulus Aspek aduksi N.III
tendineus anteromedial
Rectus lateralis Annulus Aspek Abduksi N.VI
tendineus anterolateral
Levator Os sphenoidal Lempeng tarsal Mengangkat N.III
palpepbra kelopak mata kelopak
superior atas mata atas

dari
GERAK BOLA MATA
Bola mata berotasi disekeliling sumbunya. Rotasi bola
mata menggerakkan pupil.
Sumbu bola mata tidak sama dengan sumbu orbita.


Sumbu gerak berdasarkan
sumbu orbita.
Gerak bola mata dimulai
sumbu bola mata, bukan

posisi primer atau netral.
Source: Keith L. Moore, Arthur F. Dalley & Anne M. Agur. 2010. Clinically oriented Anatomy. 6
th
ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins
GERAK BOLA MATA
Duction: gerak monokuler
Otot ocular bola mata
Actions of the right superior and inferior recti and obliques. Each has a primary action ( large arrows) and two secondary actions
(small arrows) when starting from the primary position. The actions are determined both by the direction of insertion of a muscle's
tendon and by the position of the insertion. For example, the superior rectus and superior oblique both insert on the superior surface
of the globe. However, the superior rectus inserts anteriorly and pulls posteriorly, so it elevates the eye. In contrast, the superior
oblique inserts posteriorly and pulls in part anteriorly ( Fig. 21-7), so part of its action is depression. The extent of the secondary
actions of the superior and inferior recti is somewhat exaggerated in this figure; connective tissue pulleys constrain their actions to
nearly pure elevation and depression, respectively, in straight-ahead gaze.
N N T T
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ADDUCTION

L
RI

L
RS
RM
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ADDUCTION

L
RI

L
RS

RM
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ABDUCTION

L
OI

L
RL OS
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ABDUCTION

L
OI

L
RL OS
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ELEVATION

L
OI

L
RS
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
ELEVATION

L
OI

L
RS
PRIMARY POSITION
Source: Gregory Budiman. PPt Slide. Departemen Anatomi FKUI
DEPRESSION

L
RI

L
OS