قواعد اللغة الأنكليزية باللغة العربي

GRAMMAR
‫ا ا ــــــــــ ا‬
Prepared by: Mulla (2002)

May 2002 (version 0)
Reference: “Grammar For All Levels” By Adnan Naim
http://
‫ ها ا
إع‬http://www
www..eqla3-
eqla3-
soft.
soft.com
Main Menu ‫ا ا‬
English Alphabetic -./01234‫ ا‬-.6278‫ا‬ – Past Continuous Tense [Ca?C=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ا‬
Parts of Speech ‫أ@?>م ا=<;م‬ – Future Continuous Tense [Ca?C=‫ ا‬Bxza?C=‫ا‬
Sentences BCُ2=‫اع ا‬F3‫أ‬ – Present Perfect Tense ‫>م‬a=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ا‬
Verb to BE “‫ن‬F<.”
‫ن‬F<.” BIJ – Past Perfect Tense ‫>م‬a=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ا‬
Verb to DO “BCI.”
BCI.” BIJ – Future Perfect Tense ‫>م‬a=‫ ا‬Bxza?C=‫ا‬
Verb to HAVE “N1C.”
N1C.” BIJ – Present Perfect Continuous [Ca?C=‫>م ا‬a=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ا‬
Nouns ‫>ء‬CP8‫ا‬ Imperatives [W8‫ ا‬-\0l
– Countable Nouns ‫ودة‬6IC=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ا‬
– Spelling Rules for Plurals VC2=‫;ء ا‬W‫ إ‬6Y‫ا‬F@ Modals -{@>_=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ا‬
– Uncountable Nouns ‫ودة‬6IC=‫[ ا‬0\=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ا‬ Comparing Adjectives ‫>ت‬h{=‫ ا‬-3‫>ر‬zW
– Definite & Indefinite Articles ‫` و ا=_<[ة‬.[Ia=‫أدوات ا‬
Adverbs ‫ال‬F|8‫ا=~[وف ا‬
Pronouns [c>Cd=‫ا‬
– Object Pronouns f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫[ ا‬c>Ci Active & Passive ‫ل‬F2C1= t_xC=‫م و ا‬F1IC1= t_xC=‫ا‬
– Reflexive Pronouns -0P><I3k‫[ ا‬c>Ci Transitive & Intransitive Verbs ‫ و‬-W‫>ل ا=;ز‬IJ8‫ا‬
– Relative Pronouns BlF=‫[ ا‬c>Ci -.6IaC=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ا‬...
‫>ل‬IJ8‫ا‬...
Making Questions -1oP8‫ ا‬p.F<q
Prepositions [2=‫|[وف ا‬
‫ت‬k>CIaP‫ ا‬How

some/rI7 any/‫أي‬ Question-
Question-Tags -1.C=‫ ا‬-1oP8‫ا‬
Making Negative th_=‫ ا‬p.F<q Conditional “if”
if” ”-0[=‫“ ا‬F=
TENSES -_W‫ز‬8‫ا‬ Reported Speech ‫ل‬Fz_C=‫ا=<;م ا‬
– Present Simple Tense w0?x=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ا‬
– Past Simple Tense w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ا‬ Countries and Nationalities ‫>ت‬0?_2=‫ان و ا‬61x=‫ا‬
– Future Simple Tense w0?x=‫ ا‬Bxza?C=‫ا‬
– Present Continuous Tense [Ca?C=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ا‬
http://
‫ ها ا
إع‬http://www
www..eqla3-
eqla3-
soft.
soft.com
English Alphabetic
!"#‫ ا‬$!%&‫ا‬
1. Capital Letters ‫[ة‬0x<=‫ ا‬-./01234‫ ا‬-.6278‫ا‬

A B C D E F G H I J K L M
N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
2. Small Letters ‫[ة‬0\{=‫ ا‬-./01234‫ ا‬-.6278‫ا‬

a b c d e f g h i j k l m
n o p q r s t u v w x y z
Consonant Letters -_‫ا=[وف ا=?>آ‬

b c d f g h j k l m n p q r s t v w x y z
Vowels Letters -‫[آ‬aC=‫ا=[وف ا‬

a e i o u
http://www.eqla3-
http://www.eqla3-soft.com 7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Parts of Speech
‫م‬-.‫ م ا‬/‫أ‬
>7? ‫=<ل‬
Noun Ahmed, book
BC‫ا‬
Pronoun B. ‫ أو‬P‫ ا‬1Y ‫ل‬6. >W F‫ ه‬I, he, she, it, etc. ……..
……..
@ f1W
Verb tJ ‫ء‬t ‫وث‬6| 1Y ‫ل‬6. >W F‫ ه‬Play, played, will play
678 >W @‫و‬
Adjective Pk‫{` ا‬q -C1‫ آ‬pY ‫>رة‬xY F‫ ه‬rich man t_ B‫ر‬
:; f1x@ ‫ن‬F<q‫و‬ Pk‫ ا‬zxP >_‫ ه‬-h{=‫| أن ا‬k
ta=‫ ا‬-07[I=‫ ا‬-\1=‫< ا‬I7 ‫ف‬FlFC=‫ا‬
‫ف‬FlFC=‫ ا‬Pk‫ ا‬6I7 -h{=‫> ا‬0J ‫ن‬F<q
Adverb ‫ أو‬BIh=‫{` ا‬q -C1‫ آ‬pY ‫>رة‬xY F‫ ه‬Ahmed writes quickly.
‫ل‬4 ً>|Fi‫ و‬-h{=‫ ا‬6./q .-Y[?7 a<. 6C|‫أ‬
http://www.eqla3-
http://www.eqla3-soft.com 7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Parts of Speech
‫م‬-.‫ م ا‬/‫أ‬
>7? ‫=<ل‬
Preposition ‫ أو‬Pk‫ ا‬VW tqq -C1‫ آ‬F‫ ه‬Ahmed goes to school
!‫ف ا‬4 ‫ أ¡[ى‬-C1<7 fa@;Y p0xa= [0Cd=‫ا‬ -P‫ر‬6C=‫ه إ= ا‬. 6C|‫أ‬
They traveled by plane

‫[ة‬c>=>7 ‫[وا‬J>P ‫ه‬
Conjunction ‫ و‬-C1‫ آ‬p07 >W B{q -C1‫ آ‬F‫ ه‬Ali and Ahmad visited us yesterday.
>H7‫ف ا‬4 . -1C‫ و‬-1C ‫ أو‬-C1‫آ‬ W‫> أ‬3‫ زارو‬6C|‫ و أ‬t1Y
Interjection ‫>ت‬0l ‫ات أو‬Fl‫ أ‬pY ‫>رة‬xY F‫ ه‬Alas!

Alas! She died.
E!7? ‫ف‬4 2Ia=‫ ا‬pY [xIq .q>W 6z= ! `P= >.
http://www.eqla3-
Parts of Speech
‫م‬-.‫ م ا‬/‫أ‬
>7? ‫=<ل‬
Article -\1=‫ ا‬tJ ‫ه_>ك ¦;ث أدوات‬
‫أداة‬ :-./01234‫ا‬
a, an, the
‫ ا=_<[ة‬Pk‫ ا‬Bx@ a ‫م‬6£a?q This is a book.
.p‫>آ‬P ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6x. ‫ا=ي‬ .‫>ب‬a‫ها آ‬
‫ ا=_<[ة‬Pk‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫م‬6£a?q This is an apple.

.‫[ك‬aW ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6x. ‫ا=ي‬ .-|>hq ¢‫ه‬
.`.[Ia1= the ‫م‬6£a?q This is the book I bought yesterday.

.W‫ أ‬fa.[a‫>ب ا=ي ا‬a<=‫ ا‬F‫ها ه‬
http://www.eqla3-
: L4-=
‫ي‬Faq ‫ وأن‬67k -./01234‫ ا‬-1C2=‫>=آ[ أن ا‬7 [.62=‫ا‬

>0J ‫ن‬F<q 6@ ta=‫ ا‬-07[I=‫ ا‬-\1=‫ ¡;ف ا‬BIJ 1Y
(0x t1Y): B§W BIJ ‫ون‬67 ‫ أي‬-0CP‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ا‬
: ‫ل‬Fz3 >0J[| -./01234‫> إ= ا‬aC[q >3‫ أرد‬F=‫و‬
Ali doctor.
1Y >c‫ا‬Fa|‫م ا‬6I= -o>¡ -./0123‫ إ‬-1C ¢‫وه‬
: ¨x{aJ BIJ >= Vd3 ‫¨ أن‬0{=‫ وا‬BIJ
Ali is a doctor
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Sentences
6ُ!‫اع ا‬P"‫أ‬
Simple Sentences -0?7 BC
Compound Sentences -x‫[آ‬W BC
Complex Sentences ‫ة‬6zIW BC
http://www.eqla3-
Simple Sentences
H % 6R
:wzJ 6|‫ وا‬BIJ 1Y ‫ي‬Faq ta=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
:‫§>ل‬W
1) I saw a boy.
2) The boy was riding a bicycle.
:-0?7 ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.

I saw a boy riding a bicycle.
http://www.eqla3-
Compound Sentences
S‫ =آ‬6R
-1l >C= p0a0?7 p0a1C pW ‫[آ‬aq ta=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
a. ©0| Bza?W _IW >C_W B<=‫ و‬rIx=‫> ا‬CdIx7
:B§W `Y ‫[ف‬7 >C7‫ر‬
and/ but /or
and: >CdI7 p07 -@;Y >C= p0a1C w7[q: >H7‫واو ا‬

Ahmed did his homework. Anas helped him.
: ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.
Ahmed did his homework and Anas helped him.
http://www.eqla3-
Compound Sentences
S‫ =آ‬6R
but: p0d@>_aW ‫ أو‬p0h1a£W p0o0 pY p0a1C w7[q: V.
Khaled is rich. He is unhappy.
:‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.
Khaled is rich but he is unhappy.
or: ‫>ر‬0¡ >C0J ‫ن‬F<. p0a1C w7[q: ‫أو‬

We can play football. We can watch TV.
: ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.
We can play football or we can watch TV.
http://www.eqla3-
Complex Sentences
‫ة‬$7= 6R
-x‫[آ‬W ‫ و‬6|‫ وا‬BIJ pW [§‫ أآ‬1Y ‫ي‬Faq ta=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
:p0a1C pW
Main Clause -0P>P‫ أ‬-1C
:‫اع‬F3‫ أ‬-¦;¦ t‫ وه‬Subordinate Clause -.F3>¦ -1C

Noun Clause -0CP‫ أ‬-1C
Adjectival Clause -0hl‫ و‬-1C
Adverbial Clause -0J[ª -1C
http://www.eqla3-
Clause & Phrase
!‫ ا‬YSZ ‫ا! و‬
A clause is a combination of words containing a verb and
has a complete meaning.
:‫§>ل‬W .‫>م‬q _IW >= ‫ و‬BIJ 1Y ‫ي‬Faq ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬-YFC2W t‫ ه‬-1C2=‫ا‬
I saw the man who was carrying a stick.
A phrase is a combination of words forming part of the

sentence but without a verb.
.BIJ ‫ون‬67 -1C2=‫ ا‬pW ً‫ءا‬/ ‫ن‬F<q ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬-YFC2W pY ‫>رة‬xY -1C2=‫ ا‬fx
:‫§>ل‬W
I saw the man carrying a stick.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Verb to BE “‫ن‬P.” 678
It is used as a principal and a helping verb.
: 6Y>?W‫ و‬t?0c‫ ر‬BIh‫م آ‬6£a?.

Subject Present Past Past participle
6h8 ‫رع‬g= e@= ‫ل‬P7:‫ ا‬BC‫أ‬
I am was been
He, She, It is was been
We, They, are were been

You
http://www.eqla3-
http://www.eqla3-soft.com -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Verb to BE “‫ن‬P.” 678
.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3
tJ a3‫ وا‬B{| ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= ti>C=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

.ti>C=‫ا‬
:Examples -1§W‫أ‬
1. I am a pupil.
2. They are boys.
http://www.eqla3-
Negative Sentences with the verb to BE
“‫ن‬P.” 67:% :i‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
We make negative statements with the verb to BE
by using the word not after the verb to be.
-C1‫ آ‬ViF7 (‫ن‬F<.) BIJ VW -0h_W BC ‫ن‬F<3
. ¢6I7 (not)
Affirmative Negative
‫ت‬Sk‫إ‬ e:"
I am at home. I am not at home.
You are tall. You are not tall.
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions with the verb to BE
“‫ن‬P.” 678 o= ‫ال‬p ‫ ا‬VP.?
“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers

:‫{[ة‬a£W ‫>ت‬7>4‫( و ا‬k) ‫( و‬I3)‫ ب‬-1oP8‫ا‬
“Yes” or “No” questions Short Answers
k ‫ و‬I3 ‫ـ‬7 >a7>‫ إ‬-1oP‫أ‬ ‫{[ة‬a£W ‫>ت‬7>‫إ‬
Be +Subject + Complement Yes + Subject No + Subject +

BY>J -1C<q + Be Be + not
Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. No, I am not.
Were the boys at school? Yes, they were. No, they were
not.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Verb to DO “67” 678

: 6Y>?W BIJ‫ و‬t?0c‫ ر‬BIh‫م آ‬6£a?.
6h8 ‫رع‬g= e@= ‫ل‬P7:‫ ا‬BC‫أ‬
I, you, we, do did done

they
He, She, It does did done

.ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ a3‫ وا‬B{| ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= ti>C=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3
http://www.eqla3-
http://www.eqla3-soft.com -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Verb to HAVE “s ” 678

: 6Y>?W BIJ‫ و‬t?0c‫ ر‬BIh‫م آ‬6£a?.
6h8 ‫رع‬g= e@= ‫ل‬P7:‫ ا‬BC‫أ‬
I, you, we, have had had

they
He, She, It has had had

.ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ a3‫ وا‬B{| ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= ti>C=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE
as a main verb
e ‫ ر‬67:‫“ آ‬s ” 678 o= :i‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
Subject + + not + have +

6h8 do/does/did Complement
.?
I do not have a car.
He does not have A new watch.
They did not have breakfast this

morning.
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions with the verb to HAVE as a
main verb
e ‫ ر‬67:‫“ آ‬s ” 678 o= ‫ال‬p ‫ ا‬VP.?
“Yes” or “No” questions Short Answers

k ‫ و‬I3 ‫ـ‬7 >a7>‫ إ‬-1oP‫أ‬ ‫{[ة‬a£W ‫>ت‬7>‫إ‬
Do/Does/Did +Subject +have + Complement Yes + Subject + No + Subject +

BY>J -1C<q do/does/did do/does/did
+not
Do you have a car? Yes, I do. No, I do not.
Does he have a new watch? Yes, he does. No, he does not
Did they have Breakfast this Yes, they did. No, they did not.
morning?
http://www.eqla3-
Verb to HAVE as a helping verb
$h = 67:‫ “ آ‬s ” 678
Verb to have is used as a helping verb to form the

perfect tense.
.‫>م‬a=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ ا‬pW‫ن ز‬F<0= 6Y>?W BIh‫ آ‬N1C. BIJ ‫م‬6£a?.
:-1§W‫أ‬
They have lived here for two years.
Adel has just finished his work.
http://www.eqla3-
Negative Sentences with verb to HAVE
as a helping verb
$h = 67:‫“ آ‬s ” 678 o= :i‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
.BIh=‫ ها ا‬6I7 not Vd3 N1C. BIJ VW th3 p.F<a=
:-1§W‫أ‬
I have lived here for a long time.
I have not lived here for a long time.
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions with verb to HAVE as a
helping verb
$h = 67:‫“ آ‬s ” 678 o= ‫ال‬p ‫ ا‬VP.?
“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers

:‫{[ة‬a£W ‫>ت‬7>4‫ و ا‬k ‫ و‬I3 ‫ـ‬7 -1oP8‫ا‬
‫م‬6z3 6Y>?W BIh‫ آ‬N1C. BIJ VW ‫®ال‬P p.F<a=
.BY>h=‫ ا‬1Y BIh=‫ها ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
They have lived here for a long time.
Have they lived here for a long time?
Yes, they have. No, they have not.
http://www.eqla3-
Other Uses of Verb to HAVE
“s ” 678 o= ‫ى‬x‫ا=ت أ‬$yzC‫ا‬
To express necessity in the present and past have to, has to,
had to.
:‫§>ل‬W .ti>C=‫>رع و ا‬dC=‫ ا‬tJ ‫[ورة‬d=‫ ا‬pY [xI0=
I have to leave now.
____________________________________________________
With some model auxiliaries.
:‫§>ل‬W .-{@>_=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ ا‬rI7 VW
You had better see a doctor.
____________________________________________________
To show that something is caused by another person.
:‫§>ل‬W .[¡‫ ا‬°£ -P‫ا‬F7 B{| >W ً>o0 ‫ أن‬p0x0=
I have my shoes cleaned every week.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Nouns ‫ء‬C&‫ا‬
Nouns are words we use to name:
: [‫> =آ‬W6£a?3 ta=‫>ت ا‬C1<=‫ ا‬t‫>ء ه‬CP8‫ا‬
.‫ر‬FI ، ‫<>ر‬J‫ أ‬، ‫<>ن‬W ، ‫ء‬t ، °£ ، 1Y ، P‫ا‬
‫>ص‬£‫أ‬ People man, father, teacher, neighbor, …

‫>ء‬0‫أ‬ Things book, table, sugar, fruit, …
p‫>آ‬W‫أ‬ Places school, street, city, house, …..
‫<>ر‬J‫أ‬ Ideas freedom, honesty, truth, ….
‫ر‬FI Feelings happiness, anger, boredom, joy, ….
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Countable & Uncountable Nouns
‫ودة‬$7‫ودة و | ا‬$7‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Countable Nouns: are things that be

counted as one, two, three, and so on.
، 6|‫ـ وا‬7 >‫ه‬6Y p<C. ta=‫>ء ا‬08‫ ا‬t‫ ه‬:‫ودة‬6IC=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ا‬
.‫ وه<ا‬-¦;¦ ، ‫ا¦_>ن‬
Uncountable Nouns: cannot be counted.

p<C. k ‫ه> أي‬6Y p<C. k ta=‫ ا‬t‫ ه‬:‫ودة‬6IW [0\=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ا‬
.>1x@ @‫ ر‬Vi‫و‬
http://www.eqla3-
Countable Nouns
‫ودة‬$7‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
These nouns have singular and plural forms.
.VC ‫[دة و‬hW ³0l >= ‫>ء‬CP8‫ ا‬¢‫ه‬
Before singular countable nouns you can use a/an.
. (a/an) ‫ام‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?q ‫ودة‬6IC=‫[دة ا‬hC=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@
You cannot use singular countable nouns alone

without words such as:
a, an, one, my, your, his, etc.
‫ون‬67 >‫[ده‬hC7 ‫ودة‬6IW ‫[دة‬hW ‫>ء‬CP‫ام أ‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?3 k
.-z7>?=‫>ت ا‬C1<=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
Spelling Rules for Plurals
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
We form plurals of most nouns by adding “s”
to the singular noun.
-J>i´7 ‫>ء‬CP8‫~ ا‬IW pW VC2=‫ّن ا‬F<3
.‫[د‬hC=‫ ا‬P;= “s”
Singular Plural
one book two books
one horse many horses
http://www.eqla3-
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
‫;ــــــــــــــ‬x ‫ـــــــــ~ت‬4
es >g" sh, ch, z, x, s ‫وف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
match matches
bus buses
dish dishes
box boxes
http://www.eqla3-
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
ies >g"‫ و‬y ‫ ?ف‬،V‫آ‬C ‫ف‬4 YSC‫و‬ y ‫ف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
city cities
baby babies
.8 s >g" ،‫ك‬z= ‫ف‬4 YSC‫و‬ y ‫ف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
boy boys
key keys
http://www.eqla3-
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
es >g" ،V‫آ‬C ‫ف‬4 YSC‫و‬ o ‫ف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
potato potatoes
tomato tomatoes
.8 s >g" ،‫ك‬z= ‫ف‬4 YSC‫ و‬o ‫ف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
radio radios
zoo zoos
http://www.eqla3-
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
es >g"‫و‬ ، v ‫ف‬4 ‫ إ‬P" fe ‫ أو‬f ‫ف‬% ezi? ez‫ء ا‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
knife knives
shelf shelves
: x&‫ ا‬BC~‫ ا‬E 4 o!? S‫ء اآ‬C&‫ا‬
Singular Plural
classroom classrooms
policeman policemen
http://www.eqla3-
o!‫ء ا‬-=‫ إ‬$h‫ا‬P/
:‫ء اذة‬C&‫ ا‬7% ‫ك‬i‫ه‬
Singular Plural
man men
woman women
child children
person people
foot feet
tooth teeth
goose geese
mouse mice
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Uncountable Nouns
‫ودة‬$7‫ء ا ا‬C&‫ا‬
Uncountable nouns cannot be counted.
es , s -J>i´7 >= VC k ta=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
:-‫ــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
salt, coffee, tea, food, meat, gold, music, blood.
‫>ء‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫أو‬ a ‫ام‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?q k

‫ودة‬6IC=‫[ ا‬0\=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Uncountable Nouns
‫ودة‬$7‫ء ا ا‬C&‫ ا‬V= ً‫ا‬$=

flour 0@‫ د‬salt ¨1W meat =
information ‫>ت‬WF1IW coffee ‫ة‬F@ knowledge -J[IW
butter 67‫ ز‬food ‫>م‬I tea ‫>ي‬
sugar [<P gold ‫ ذه‬blood ‫دم‬
news ‫>ر‬x¡‫ أ‬glass ‫ ز>ج‬cheese px
milk 01| paper ‫ ورق‬bread /x¡
rice ‫ رز‬wood ¡ furniture ‫[و>ت‬hW
rain [W steel 6.6| grass Y
cloth ‫>ش‬C@ music z0PFW marble ‫ر¡>م‬
http://www.eqla3-
Uncountable Nouns
.‫[د‬hC=‫ ا‬-1W>IW BW>Iq ‫ودة‬6IC=‫[ ا‬0\=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬V0C
:-1§W‫أ‬
Coffee is a traditional drink in Saudi Arabia.
Milk has many minerals.
[0\=‫ ا‬Pk‫ ا‬Bx@ -0C<=‫ ا‬1Y ‫ل‬6q ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬Ii‫ و‬F= p<= ‫و‬
.VC2=‫ ا‬-1W>IW BW>I. f3J ‫ود‬6IW
Two cups of tea are not enough for me.
Five liters of oil do not operate this machine.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Definite & Indefinite Articles
‫ة‬.i‫> و ا‬7z‫أدوات ا‬
a/an
are used as indefinite articles. .‫<[ة‬3 ‫>ن آدوات‬W6£a?q
The
is used as definite articles. .`.[Ia1= ‫م آداة‬6£a?q
We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant sound.

.p‫>آ‬P ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6xq ta=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ a Vd3
We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel sound.

.‫[ك‬aW ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6xq ta=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ an Vd3
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Indefinite Articles “a” & “an”
‫ة‬.i‫أدوات ا‬
We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant
sound.
.p‫>آ‬P ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6xq ta=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ a Vd3
We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel

sound.
.‫[ك‬aW ‫[ف‬7 ‫أ‬6xq ta=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ an Vd3
: -‫[آ‬aC=‫ ا=[وف ا‬Vowels

a–e–i–o-u
http://www.eqla3-
We use a/an:
Before a singular ‫[دة‬hC=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ a table
countable noun. .‫ودة‬6IC=‫ ا‬an egg
Before a job, a ‫ أو‬-h0ªF=‫ ا‬Bx@ Saleh is a doctor
particular group of pW -_0IW -YFC2W He is an engineer.
people or a nationality. .-0?_2=‫ ا=_>س أو ا‬She is an English
women.
With numbers that t_Iq ta=‫ر@>م ا‬8‫ ا‬VW He washes his
mean every. “B‫ ”آ‬hands ten times a
day. (means every
day).
http://www.eqla3-
We DO NOT use a/an:

No article is used with VW ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k Love, beauty,
abstract nouns and the ‫ و‬-.F_IC=‫>ء ا‬CP8‫ ا‬hatred, wood,
.‫>دن‬IC=‫>ء ا‬CP‫أ‬
names of metals. silver, gold
No article is used ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k There are books on

before plural or ‫>ء‬CP8‫ أو ا‬VC2=‫ ا‬Bx@ the table.
uncountable nouns.
.‫ودة‬6IW [0\=‫ ا‬Milk is good for you.
http://www.eqla3-
The Definite Article “The”
“‫> ”أل‬7z‫أدوات ا‬
The is used before: :Bx@ “‫` ”أل‬.[Ia=‫م أداة ا‬6£a?q
A noun that is the only pW 6F. k ‫ ا=ي‬Pk‫ ا‬The river Nile

one of its kind. .wzJ 6|‫ى وا‬FP fYF3 The Ka’aba
Names of rivers, seas, ‫>ر و‬38‫>ء ا‬CP‫ أ‬The Arabian Gulf

oceans, etc…. .¼=‫ا‬........‫>ر‬x=‫ ا‬The Red Sea
A noun which is the f7 ‫ل‬FIhW ‫ن‬F<. ‫ ا=ي‬Pk‫ ا‬Umar answered the
object of a sentence. .-1C2= question.
The names of musical .-0z0PFC=‫ت ا‬k»‫>ء ا‬CP‫ أ‬Can you play the duff?
instruments.
http://www.eqla3-
The is used before: :Bx@ “‫` ”أل‬.[Ia=‫م أداة ا‬6£a?q
Names of some .‫ان‬61x=‫ ا‬rI7 ‫>ء‬CP‫ أ‬The United Kingdom

countries. The U.S.A.
With some time 1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫[ ا‬07>Ia=‫ ا‬rI7 VW at the weekend

expressions. .@F=‫ ا‬in the evening
With dates. .¼.‫ار‬Fa=‫ ا‬VW On the first day of every
month.
With some general .-W>I=‫[ات ا‬0xIa=‫ ا‬rI7 VW Listen to the radio/news.

expressions. Go to the market/desert.
http://www.eqla3-
Use article with the name ‫` أل‬.[Ia=‫م أداة ا‬6£a?3 I saw a man. The man
that is repeated. ‫[ة‬C1= [‫ ا=ي ذآ‬Pk‫ ا‬VW was young.
.-03>§=‫ا‬
No article is used with the VW ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k I do not like science. My
names of studies of .-0P‫را‬6=‫اد ا‬FC=‫>ء ا‬CP‫ أ‬favorite subject is
subjects. mathematics.
No article is used before Bx@ ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k I am going to school.
such words as school, ،-P‫ر‬6W B§W -_0IW ‫>ء‬CP‫ أ‬I always go to bed early.
home, bed, work, etc. ....BCY ،[.[P ،‫ل‬/_W
No article is used before VW ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k on Monday, in June
such words such as day ‫>م و‬.8‫ ا‬B§W -_0IW ‫>ء‬CP‫ أ‬in summer (sometimes
and month names. . ‫ر‬F=‫ ا‬in the summer).
before breakfast.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Pronouns g‫ا‬
A pronoun replaces a noun . Pk‫ ا‬BW B. [0Cd=‫ا‬
Subject Object Possessive Possessive Reflexive
Pronouns Pronouns Adjectives Pronouns Pronouns
BY>h=‫[ ا‬c>Ci f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫[ ا‬c>Ci -0<1C=‫>ت ا‬hl -0<1C=‫[ ا‬c>Ci ‫<>س‬I3k‫[ ا‬c>Ci
I me my mine myself
you you your yours yourself
he him his his himself
she her her hers herself
it it its its itself
We us our ours ourselves
you you your yours yourselves
they them their theirs themselves
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Pronouns g‫ا‬
• We use a pronouns instead of a noun when it is clear who or
what we are talking about .
‫ أي‬pY ‫ أو‬pW VW 1Y 1Y ‫ن‬F<3 >W6_Y Pk‫ ا‬pW k67 [0Cd=‫م ا‬6£a?3
.‫ث‬6a3 ‫ء‬t
Examples -1§W‫أ‬
Ali is a good student. He passes all his tests.
http://www.eqla3-
Object Pronouns
Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫@ ا‬
We use an object pronoun . f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫[ ا‬0Ci ‫م‬6£a?3
– After a preposition. [2=‫ |[وف ا‬6I7

Do you live near them?
Send the box directly to me.
– After to and for with verbs like make, give, send, lend,
pass, take, show.
The little boy made it for her.
http://www.eqla3-
Reflexive Pronouns
C.7"~‫@ ا‬
Reflexive pronouns are used: .-0P><I34‫[ا‬c>Ci ‫م‬6£a?3
– for emphasize 60‫آ‬a1=
Did you do the decorations yourself ?

I did the painting myself.
– With some special expressions -l>£=‫[ ا‬07>Ia=‫ ا‬rI7 VW
Help yourself .
Enjoy yourself.
Behave yourself.
I live by myself. (I live alone)
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
• The relative pronouns are used to join sentences together.
.rIx7 >dI7 BC2=‫ ا‬w7[= BlF=‫[ ا‬c>Ci ‫م‬6£a?q

:-0q»‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxq‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[= ‫و‬
.>I@FW pY ©x3 ¦ -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ ‫<[رة‬aW -C1‫ آ‬pY ©x3 -1

who BCIa?3 ً;@>Y ً;Y>J 3>‫´ذا آ‬J
.BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 -C1<=‫د ا‬FF7 N=‫[ف ذ‬I3 ‫ و‬whom BCIa?3 ً;@>Y f7 ًkFIhW 3>‫وإذا آ‬
. which BCIa?3 B@>Y [0 3>‫و إذا آ‬
Bdh3 k >_3‫ أ‬k‫ إ‬-z7>?=‫>ت ا‬C1<=‫ ا‬pW -C1‫ل أي آ‬67 ‫م‬6£a?aJ that >W‫أ‬
.BC2=‫ ا‬V0C tJ >=>CIaP‫ا‬
. whose -C1‫ آ‬BCIa?3 -0<1C1= 3>‫و إذا آ‬
tJ f1§W J| ‫ ا=ي‬Pk‫ ا‬Vi‫ و‬-03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬pW ‫<[رة‬aC=‫ ا‬-C1<=‫ ا|ف ا‬-2
.=‫و‬8‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
Who
Who [6/7‫ا‬ 6h:]]ez‫ا‬
[6/7‫ا‬6h: ez‫ا‬،‫اي‬
،‫اي‬
.-1C2=‫ أول ا‬¢‫د‬FF7 BY>h=‫[ف ا‬I3 ً>Ix ‫ و‬B@>I=‫ ا‬BY>h=‫ ا‬BW Ba= who ‫م‬6£a?q
:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫| ا‬k
Here is the man. The man is a doctor.
-1C2=‫ ا‬Vd3 ¦ who >_W ًk67 Vd3 ‫ و‬-03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬pW The man -C1‫ف آ‬3
:¨x{aJ =‫و‬8‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ >1§W >_J| ta=‫ ا‬-C1<=‫ ا‬6I7 -03>§=‫ا‬
Here is the man who is a doctor.
:-1§W‫أ‬
1) The man came here. The man was a doctor.
The man who was here is a doctor
2) My friend swims well. He lives here.
My friend who lives here swims well.
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
Whom
Whom [6/7‫ا‬
[6/7‫ا‬Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫] ]ا‬ez‫ا‬
Y%‫ل‬P7:‫ا‬ ez‫ا‬،‫اي‬
،‫اي‬
¢‫د‬FF7 f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫[ف ا‬I3 ً>Ix ‫ و‬B@>I=‫ ا‬f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫ ا‬BW Ba= whom BCIa?q
:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫| ا‬k .BIh=‫ ا‬6I7
The man came here. I visited him.
Vd3‫ و‬،-03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ أول ا‬whom Vd3 ¦ -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬pW him -C1‫ف آ‬3
>0=‫د إ‬FI. ta=‫> )ا‬1§W >_J| ta=‫ ا‬-C1<=‫ ا‬6I7 -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ل و ا‬FlFC=‫ ا‬Pk‫ا‬
:¨x{aJ ([0Cd=‫ا‬
The man whom I visited came here.
:-1§W‫أ‬
1) The man was working with me. I paid him.
The man whom I paid was working with me.
2) This is the girl. You gave her a flower.
This is the girl whom you gave a flower.
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
Which
Which [Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫ أو ا‬6h:‫] !د ا‬
[Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫ أو ا‬6h:‫] !د ا‬
ez‫ا‬
ez‫ا‬،‫اي‬
،‫اي‬
‫ أول‬¢‫د‬FF7 BY>h=‫[ف ا‬I3 ً>Ix ‫ و‬B@>Y [0\=‫ل ا‬FIhC=‫ أو ا‬BY>h=‫ ا‬BW Ba= which BCIa?q
:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫| ا‬k .BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 6F0J f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫> ا‬W‫ أ‬-1C2=‫ا‬
He found his book. He lost it yesterday.

‫ أول‬tJ which >_W ًk67 Vd3 ‫> و‬J_J his book -C1‫ آ‬1Y ‫د‬FIq him -C1‫[ى أن آ‬3
>1§W >_J| ta=‫ ا‬-C1<=‫ ا‬6I7 -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ل و ا‬FlFC=‫ ا‬Pk‫ ا‬Vd3 ¦ -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ا‬
:¨x{aJ ([0Cd=‫> ا‬0=‫د إ‬FI. ta=‫)ا‬
He found his book which he lost yesterday.
:-1§W‫أ‬
1) This is the house. I live in it.
This is the house which I live in.
2) This book is cheap. It is very useful.
This book which is very useful is cheap.
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
That
That [Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫ أو ا‬6h:‫ ا‬6/7‫ و | ا‬6/7 ]
[Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫ أو ا‬6h:‫ ا‬6/7‫ و | ا‬6/7 ]
ez‫ا‬
ez‫ا‬،‫اي‬
،‫اي‬
‫ و‬B@>I=‫ ا‬f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫ أو ا‬BY>h=‫ ا‬BW Ba= that BCIa?q

|k .>|[ xP ‫ أي أداة‬BW Bq ‫ أي‬B@>Y [0
:-0=>a=‫ ا‬-1§W8‫ا‬
This is the boy. You met her.

This is the boy that (whom) you met.
I have a bird. It sings.

I have a bird that (which) sings.
http://www.eqla3-
Relative Pronouns
6;P‫@ ا‬
Whose
Whose [.]]ez‫ا‬
[. ez‫ا‬،‫اي‬
،‫اي‬
:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫| ا‬k .-0<1C1= whose BCIa?q
This is the man. His car hit the boy.

This is the man whose his car hit the boy.
‫ و‬-0<1C=‫[ ا‬0Ci ‫_ف‬J the man ‫ =ـ‬-‫آ‬F1CW car -C1‫ أن آ‬623 >_‫ه‬
. car -C1‫ه> آ‬6I7 Vd3 ¦ whose ‫ل‬FlFC=‫ ا‬Pk‫ ا‬f_W ًk67 Vd3
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Making Questions
C&‫ ا‬VP.?
tJ 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Vd3 ‫®ال‬P =‫ إ‬-.[x£=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬B.Fa=
:-.‫ا‬6x=‫ا‬
:t‫ة ه‬6Y>?C=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ا‬Helping Verbs
am – is – are – was – were – have – has – had –
will – would – shall – should – can – could – may –
might – must – ought to
:-‫ـــــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
They are doctors. Are they doctors?
She can help us? Can they help us?
I will go to the market? Will you go to the market?
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Making Questions
C&‫ ا‬VP.?
6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=>7 p<. = ‫إذا‬
: do ‫م‬6£a?3 s ‫ون‬67 ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW (1
They play tennis. Do they play tennis?
I write books. Do you write books?
6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫د ا‬FF= N=‫ول( و ذ‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ )ا‬f1l‫ إ= أ‬BIh=‫>دة ا‬Y‫| إ‬k
: does ‫م‬6£a?3 s f7 ‫>رع ا=ي‬dC=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW (2

ِAhmed
Ahmed plays tennis. Does Ahmed play tennis?
Huda watch TV. Does Huda watch TV?
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions
C&‫ ا‬VP.?
6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=>7 p<. = ‫إذا‬
: did ‫م‬6£a?3 ti>C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW (3
They watched TV last night.
Did they watch TV last night?
I played football yesterday.
Did you play football yesterday?
:-‫;|~ــــــــ‬W
‫داة‬7 ‫أ‬6xq = >38 N=‫ و ذ‬No ‫ أو‬Yes ‫ـ‬7 >a7>‫ن إ‬F<q -z7>?=‫ ا‬-1oP8‫ ا‬V0C
.‫®ال‬P
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions
C&‫ ا‬VP.?
:C?q ta=‫ و ا‬-0=>a=‫ى أدوات ا=?®ال ا‬6|´7 ‫أ‬6x. ‫ أن‬20J -_0IW -WF1IW ‫>ء‬Y‫ ا=?®ال إ‬pW ‫ف‬6=‫إذا آ>ن ا‬
Wh Questions
Where? p.‫أ‬ ‫<>ن‬C=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
When? aW ‫>ن‬W/=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
Why? ‫>ذا‬C= x?=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
What? ‫>ذا‬W />W ‫ء‬t pY ‫?®ال‬1=
Which? ‫أي‬ p0o0 p07 ‫>ر‬0a¡;=
Who? pW B@>Y BY>J pY ‫?®ال‬1=

Whom? pW B@>Y f7 ‫ل‬FIhW pY ‫?®ال‬1=
http://www.eqla3-
Making Questions
C&‫ ا‬VP.?
Wh Questions (Cont.)
Whose? pC= -0<1C=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How? `0‫آ‬ -=>=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How many? ‫د‬6Y ‫آ‬ ‫د‬6I=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How much? -0C‫آ آ‬ -0C<=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How long? ‫ل‬F ‫آ‬ ‫ل‬F=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How old? [CY ‫آ‬ [CI=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
How far? 6I7 ‫آ‬ -J>?C=‫ ا‬pY ‫?®ال‬1=
http://www.eqla3-
Steps for Making a Question
‫ال‬p ‫ ا‬VP.? ‫ات‬PHx
:B§W ،f_Y ‫[اد ا=?®ال‬C=‫ء ا‬/21= -xP>_C=‫[ أداة ا=?®ال ا‬a¡‫( ا‬1
When, Where, Why………..etc
‫ أداة‬6I7 ‫ أي‬BY>h=‫ ا‬Bx@ (6‫ )إن و‬helping verb 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Vi (2
.‫>[ة‬xW ‫ا=?®ال‬
:‫م‬6£aP‫ ا‬6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=>7 p<. = ‫( إذا‬3
do ‫م‬6£a?3 s ‫ون‬67 ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW *
does ‫م‬6£a?3 s f7 ‫>رع ا=ي‬dC=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW *
did ‫م‬6£a?3 ti>C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW *
‫;ً أو‬l‫ أ‬-1C2=>7 ‫د‬FFC=‫اء ا‬FP 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 BY>h=‫ ا‬Vi (4
f1l‫ إ= أ‬BIh=‫>دة ا‬Y‫ إ‬-~|;W VW >36_Y pW >‫_>ه‬W6£aP‫ ا‬ta=‫ا‬
.‫ول‬8‫ ا‬fh.[{q ‫أي‬
.‫اب ا=?®ال‬F f38 f_Y ‫[اد ا=?®ال‬C=‫ء ا‬/2=‫( ا|ف ا‬5
http://www.eqla3-
: -‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
They are going to eat meat.
What are they going to eat?
meat -C1‫_> آ‬J| ¦ 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬t‫> ه‬38 they 1Y are >_W6@ >_3‫| أ‬k *
.‫ ا=?®ال‬1Y ‫اب‬F2=‫> ا‬38
They played tennis at school.

Where did they play tennis?
‫ و‬.ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ BIh=‫ن ا‬8 ‫ و‬6Y>?W BIJ ‫د‬F‫م و‬6I= did >_W6£aP‫_> ا‬3‫| أ‬k *
at school >_J| >_3‫| أ‬k ‫ و‬.f1l‫ أ= أ‬fq‫>د‬Y4 BIh=‫ ا‬pW ed ‫>ً |ف‬d.‫| أ‬k
.‫ ا=?®ال‬1Y ‫اب‬F2=‫> ا‬38
http://www.eqla3-
:-~|;W
:B§W _IC=‫ ا‬VW P>_aq t<= [c>Cd=‫ ا‬rI7 [00\q |k
I ¨x{q you you ¨x{q I
your ¨x{q my you ¨x{q we
pW ً‫ا‬6Y>?W ً;IJ ‫م‬6£a?3 k BY>h=‫ ا‬pY ‫إذا آ>ن ا=?®ال‬

‫>@;ً و‬Y BY>h=‫ إذا آ>ن ا‬who ‫ أداة ا=?®ال‬Vd3 B7 >36_Y
.ً;@>Y [0 BIh=‫ إذا آ>ن ا‬what
:-1§W‫أ‬
Ahmed broke the window. Who broke the window?
The book describes accidents. What describes accidents?
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
‫~ت‬7zC‫ا‬
How
He was very pleased to meet his friend. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How

How was he to meet his friend? ‫ أو‬-=>=‫ا‬
-0h0<=‫ا‬
Thirty boys are in this class. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How many boys are in this class? ‫د‬6I=‫ا‬ many
I am twenty years old. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How old are you? [CI=‫ا‬ old
You paid five pounds for this coat. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How much did you pay for this coat? -0C<=‫ا‬ much
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
‫~ت‬7zC‫ا‬
How
It is 450 KM from Dammam to Riyadh. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How

How far is it from Dammam to Riyadh? ‫>ت‬J>?C=‫ا‬ far
This rope is two meters long. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How long is this rope? ‫ال‬F8‫ا‬ long
This fence is four meters high. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How high is this fence? ‫>ت‬Y>hq‫ر‬4‫ا‬ high
Sami is meter and a half tall. pY ‫?®ال‬1= How
How tall is Sami? ‫ال‬F‫أ‬ tall
‫>ص‬£8‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
some/7%
any/‫أي‬
.‫ أو ا=?®ال‬-0h_C=‫? ا‬0= ‫ و‬-.[x£=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬tJ >q‫ا‬F¡‫و أ‬ some ‫م‬6£a?q
1) We had some books. 2) Somebody was there.

3) He is somewhere.
.th_=‫ ا=?®ال و ا‬VW >q‫ا‬F¡‫و أ‬ any ‫م‬6£a?q‫و‬

:‫ ا=?®ال‬VW
1) Do you have any books? 2) Is anybody at home?
3) Is he anywhere?
:th_=‫ ا‬VW
1) We do not have any books. 2) I did not see anybody.
3) He is not anywhere.
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Making Negative
e:i‫ ا‬VP.?
BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 not
not -C1‫ آ‬Vd3 th3 =‫ إ‬-.[x£=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬B.Fa=
:6Y>?C=‫ا‬
:t‫ة ه‬6Y>?C=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ا‬Helping Verbs

am – is – are – was – were – have – has – had – will
– would – shall – should – can – could – may –
might – must – ought to
They are happy. They are not happy?
He can help us? He can not help us?
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Making Negative
e:i‫ ا‬VP.?
Long forms & Short forms of Verb to be
(Affirmative) ‫>ت‬x¦4‫ ا‬tJ (Negative) th_=‫ ا‬tJ
Long Forms Short Forms Long Forms Short Forms
I am I’m I am not I’m not
He is He’s He is not He’s not
She is She’s She is not She’s not
It is It’s It is not It’s not
You are You’re You are not You’re not
We are We’re We are not We’re not
They are They’re They are not They’re not
http://www.eqla3-
Making Negative
e:i‫ ا‬VP.?
.>36_Y pW 6Y>?W BIh7 tq_J 6Y>?W BIJ -1C2=‫ ا‬tJ p<. = ‫إذا‬
(not)
(not) Vd3 ¦ (do,
(do,does,
does,did)
did) :t‫ة ه‬6Y>?C=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ ا‬¢‫وه‬
.‫ول‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ أي ا‬f1l‫ إ= أ‬BIh=‫>دة ا‬Y‫ إ‬-~|;W VW ¢6I7
:t=>a=‫ول ا‬62=‫ ا‬tJ >C‫ آ‬-C1<=‫ ا‬th_7 -1C2=‫ ا‬th__J -1C2=‫ ا‬tJ -0q»‫>ت ا‬C1<=‫ى ا‬6|‫ إ‬3>‫ إذا آ‬:-~|;W
Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫ا‬ Negative th3

some rI7 no, any
both……and ‫و‬....pW B‫آ‬ neither………….nor
either…..or ‫أو‬......>W‫إ‬ neither………….nor
sometimes ً>3>0|‫أ‬ never
as………as B§W.......f1§W not so…………..as
all B‫آ‬ not all
every B‫آ‬ no, not every
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
TENSES i=‫ا&ز‬
1. Present Simple Tense S‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
.c>z=‫رات و ا‬6z=‫ و ا‬60=>za=‫>دات و ا‬I=‫ ا‬pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.

.‫[د‬2C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ أي ا‬BIh1= ‫ول‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
:B§W ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬VW ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ ها ا‬tq.
every B‫آ‬ always ً>Cc‫دا‬ usually ‫>دة‬Y

generally >ًWFCY often ً>x=> sometimes ً>3>0|‫أ‬
rarely ‫>درا‬3 never ً‫ا‬67‫أ‬ from time to time

[¡» p0| pW
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
1. 1.
Present
PresentSimple
Simple Tense
Tense S‫ا‬
S‫ا‬‫رع‬g‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
-‫ــــــــــــــــــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
1. I go to school everyday.
2. They usually sleep at 11.00 p.m.
3. We often drink coffee in the morning.
4. She is never late to school.
.BIh1= ‫>دة‬.‫ ز‬s `0d3 c> ‫[د‬hW BY>h=‫ إذا آ>ن ا‬:-~|;W
1. Ali drinks milk every morning.
2. A cow gives us milk.
http://www.eqla3-
Past Simple Tense S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
2. Past Simple Tense S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
.ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ V@‫ث و‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.

VW ed -J>i‫ أي إ‬BIh1= t3>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
.‫>ل ا=>ذة‬IJ8‫ ا‬-~|;W
yesterday W‫أ‬ last ti>C=‫ا‬ ago dW
in 1988 AD, in 1415 AH: B§W ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ ¼.‫>ر‬q ‫أو أي‬
http://www.eqla3-
2. Past Simple Tense S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
I, He, She, it was

They, We, You were
1. I watched television last night.

2. They visited their uncle yesterday.
3. We went to Makkah two months often.
http://www.eqla3-
3. Future
3. Future Simple
Simple Tense 6Sz ‫ا‬
Tense S‫ ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
S‫ا‬
.Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ f¦‫و‬6| V@FaW ‫ث‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
.BIh1= ‫ول‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ¦ ا‬shall ‫ او‬will pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
.[c>Cd=‫ ا‬t@>7 VW tqaJ will >W‫ أ‬we ‫ و‬I 1<aC=‫[ ا‬0Ci VW shall tqq
VW >=67 will -C1‫ آ‬1| 6@‫ و‬-§.6=‫ ا‬-./01234‫ ا‬tJ >W‫ا‬6£aP‫ر ا‬63 shall p<=‫و‬
.[c>Cd=‫ ا‬V0C
tomorrow ً‫ا‬6 next ‫>دم‬z=‫ا‬ in the future Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ
in 2010 AD, in 1425 AH: B§W Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ ¼.‫>ر‬q ‫أو أي‬
http://www.eqla3-
3. Future Simple Tense S‫ ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
1. I will go to school tomorrow.
2. They will play foot ball next Friday.
3. He will join the army in the future.
:‫ام‬6£aP>7 w0?x=‫ ا‬Bxza?C1= [¡‫ أ‬p.F<q ‫ه_>ك‬
am , is , are going to
http://www.eqla3-
4. 4. Present Continuous Tense

4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫رعا‬g‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
z ‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
. wzJ ‫ ا»ن‬Vz. ‫ث‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
: pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
am / is / are + BIJ + ing
I am + verb + ing
He, she, it is + verb + ing
They, we, you are + verb + ing
: B§W ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬VW ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ ها ا‬tq.
now ‫ا»ن‬ at the moment -~1=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬tJ look [~3‫ا‬
listen VCaP‫ا‬ at the present time [i>=‫@ ا‬F=‫ ا‬tJ
http://www.eqla3-
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
1. I am reading a story at the moment.

2. They are watching television now.
3. Look! the bus is coming.
http://www.eqla3-
4.
4.Present
PresentContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
ti>C=‫[ أو ا‬Ca?C=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫اء ا‬FP ‫[ار‬CaPk‫ ا‬tJ Vzq ‫ أن‬p<C. k ‫>ل‬IJ8‫ ا‬rI7
: ‫>ل‬IJ8‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬pW‫|?>س و‬4‫ذى وا‬8‫ر وا‬FI=‫ ا‬pY [xIq ‫>ل‬IJ8‫ ا‬¢‫[ وه‬Ca?C=‫ا‬
like . love . want 6.[. prefer Bdh.
wish _Ca. hate ¢[<. dislike ¢[<. feel [I.
hope BW. hear VC?. think 6zaI. seem ‫و‬6x.
appear [~. fear £. consider [xaI. fit P>_.
believe ‫ق‬6{. trust §. understand h.
http://www.eqla3-

5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫ا‬e@‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
. [¡‫ أ‬BIJ ‫ع‬F@‫ أ¦_>ء و‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ V@‫ و‬BIJ pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
was / were +BIJ + ing : pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
when >W6_Y while >C_07 as ‫© أن‬0| because ‫ن‬8
:-ªF1W
ti>C=‫ ا‬B1£q ‫ و ا=ي‬w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬pW‫ ز‬fIW tq. >W ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ها ا‬
.f¦‫و‬6| ‫ أ¦_>ء‬V@‫[ أي ا=ي و‬Ca?C=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
While I was sleeping , a thief entered my room.
[Ca?W ti>W w0?7 ti>W
p0¦6| 1Y ‫ي‬Faq -1C2=‫ ا‬¢‫( ه‬taJ[ °= B¡‫ د‬، ً>Cc>3 _‫> آ‬C_07)
‫ ا=ي‬-J[\=‫ ا‬°1=‫ل ا‬F¡‫م وا»¡[ د‬F_=‫ ا‬F‫[ وه‬Ca?W ti>W >C‫ه‬6|‫أ‬
. ‫م‬F_=‫ أ¦_>ء ا‬B{|
When we were eating , my father came .
[Ca?W ti>W w0?7 ti>W
>C‫ه‬6|‫ أ‬p0¦6| 1Y ‫ي‬Faq -1C2=‫ ا‬¢‫ي( ه‬6=‫ >ء وا‬، B‫آ‬3 >_‫> آ‬C_07 )
B‫آ‬8‫ أ¦_>ء ا‬B{| ‫ي ا=ي‬6=‫ء وا‬t2W [¡»‫ وا‬B‫آ‬8‫ ا‬F‫[ وه‬Ca?W ti>W
.
http://www.eqla3-
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
¨x{aJ _IC=‫[ ا‬0\a. ‫ دون أن‬-1C2=‫ ا‬wP‫ و‬w7[=‫ أداة ا‬Vi‫ و‬p<C. :-~|;W
: t1. >C‫ آ‬-z7>?=‫>ن ا‬a1C2=‫ا‬
A thief entered my room while I was sleeping .

w0?7 ti>W [Ca?W ti>W
ً>Cc>3 _‫> آ‬C_07 taJ[ °= B¡‫د‬
My father came when we were eating .

w0?7 ti>W [Ca?W ti>W B‫آ‬3 >_‫> آ‬C_07 ‫ي‬6=‫>ء وا‬
http://www.eqla3-
5.
5.Past
PastContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
:-~|;W
‫ف‬q‫ و‬while -C1<7 -1C2=‫أت ا‬67 ‫ إذا‬-1l>h=‫ ا‬a<q
. =‫و‬8‫ ا‬-1C2=‫{` ا‬a_W tJ I@‫إذا و‬
B.F ‫ول‬8‫;ن ا‬IJ >7 while ‫ة‬6Y>@ ‫>ً أن‬Cc‫آ[ دا‬q
.w0?7 ti>W F‫ وه‬Å>hW [¡»‫[ و ا‬Ca?W
http://www.eqla3-

6.Future
FutureContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
6Sz ‫ا‬
. ‫[ة‬ah= [Ca?.‫ و‬Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ f¦‫و‬6| V@FaW ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
: pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
( will + be +BIJ + ing )
at pW/1= 6_Y by ‫ل‬F17 in ‫ن‬Fd tJ
from…to =‫إ‬..pW all V0C، B‫ آ‬after 6I7
http://www.eqla3-
6.
6.Future
FutureContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
6Sz ‫ا‬
1. By 7.30 tomorrow, I will be flying to Cairo.

2. They will be waiting for you at 5 o'clock .
http://www.eqla3-
7. 4. Present Continuous Tense‫م‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬

7.Present
PresentPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense ‫م‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
‫ =~>ت أو‬Bx@ a3‫ و ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ B{| ‫ث‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
.‫ ا»ن‬a| ‫دة‬FFW ¢‫¦>ر‬È =‫زا‬k ‫ و‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ a3‫ا‬
I :pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
has / have +BIh1= ©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ا‬
since _W for ‫ة‬6C= just Fa=‫ ا‬tJ

yet ‫ ا»ن‬a| ever 678‫ ا‬tJ never ً‫ا‬67‫أ‬
recently ً>§.6| already ً>W>Cq
http://www.eqla3-
7.
7.Present
PresentPerfect
PerfectTense
Tense ‫م‬z‫ا‬
‫م‬z‫رعا‬g‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
1. I have lived in Riyadh for six years.

2. I have not visited him since 1995.
3. Ahmed has already finished his homework.
4. She has written three letters just now.
http://www.eqla3-
Since
Since&&For
For
• Since means “from some definite point or period n the past up to now”
now”
.‫ ا»ن‬a| ‫ و‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ ‫دة‬6W ‫[ة‬aJ ‫ أو‬-z3 pW ً‫>را‬xaY‫“ ا‬i=” -C1‫ آ‬t_Iq
• For means “a definite period of time”

time”
.-0_W‫[ة ز‬aJ 1Y “‫ة‬$” -C1‫ آ‬t_Iq
since _W For ‫ة‬6C=
2 o’
o’clock a moment
Monday 3 minutes
yesterday an hour
last night many hours
last week/ last month/ last year 3 days/ 5 weeks / 4 months
1996 a year
last century 10 years
he came…………
came………… a century
http://www.eqla3-

8.Past
PastPerfect
PerfectTense
‫م‬z‫ا‬e@‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
pW‫ ز‬tJ >W -~= tJ a3‫ و ا‬B{| ‫ث‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
.ti>C=‫ا‬
had +BIh1= ©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ا‬ I :pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
after _W before ‫ة‬6C=
which ‫ ا»ن‬a| as soon as 678‫ ا‬tJ
http://www.eqla3-
8.
8.Past
PastPerfect
PerfectTense
‫م‬z‫ا‬e@‫ا‬
e@‫ا‬
1. I had washed before I prayed.
2. They went home after they had finished their work.
3. Ahmed had eaten the cake which he bought.
4. As soon as they had bought a car, they drove to Makkah.
‫ث‬6| ‫ ا=ي‬w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬pW‫ ز‬fIW tq. >W ً>x=> pW/=‫| أن ها ا‬k
.‫>م‬a=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫>ء ا‬a3‫ ا‬6I7
http://www.eqla3-

9.Future
FuturePerfect
PerfectTense
‫م‬z‫ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
6Sz ‫ا‬
tJ >W pW‫ ز‬tJ ¢‫>ؤ‬a3‫ و ا‬f¦‫و‬6| V@FaW ‫ث‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
.Bxza?C=‫ا‬
will + have +BIh1= ©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬I :pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
by ‫ل‬F17 at 6_Y
http://www.eqla3-
9.
9.Future
FuturePerfect
PerfectTense
‫م‬z‫ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
6Sz ‫ا‬
1. By 2.00 this afternoon, I will have finished my

work.
2. At 10.00 tonight, she will have written five letters.
http://www.eqla3-
4. Present Continuous Tensez ‫م ا‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬

10.Present
10. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫م ا‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
f_<= ‫ و‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ q ‫ و‬f_W ‫ء‬/ V@‫ث و‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
.‫ ا»ن‬a| [Ca?W
has / have + been +BIJ+ ing I :pW pW/=‫ن ها ا‬F<a.
for ‫ة‬6C= since _W
http://www.eqla3-
10.Present
10. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫ما‬z‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
1. I have been studying English for six years.

2. She has been sleeping since 2 o’clock.
http://www.eqla3-
10.Present
10. PresentPerfect
PerfectContinuous
ContinuousTense
Tense z ‫ا‬
z ‫ما‬z‫ا‬
‫رع‬g‫ا‬
: Present Perfect ‫>م‬a=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫[ و ا‬Ca?C=‫>م ا‬a=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ ا‬p07 ‫[ق‬h3 t<=
:-0=>a=‫ ا‬-1§W8‫| ا‬k
• Maha started making cakes three hours ago. There are now
one hundred cakes on the table.
:‫ّن‬F<3 p0a1C2=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬pW
Present Perfect Continuous Tense z ‫م ا‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
• She has been making cakes for three hours.

Present Perfect Tense ‫م‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
• She has made 100 cakes.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Imperatives =&‫; ا‬
• Imperatives are verbs used at the beginning of sentences

either in the affirmative or negative to indicate instructions,
invitations, signs and notices or telling someone what to do.
‫>ت‬x¦4‫ ا‬tJ ‫ن‬F<q >W‫ أ‬BC2=‫ ا‬-.‫ا‬67 tJ ‫م‬6£a?q ‫>ل‬IJ‫ أ‬t‫[ ه‬W8‫ ا‬-\0l
°£ ‫>ر‬x¡‫;|~>ت أو إ‬C=‫>رات و ا‬4‫ ا‬،‫ى‬FY6=‫ ا‬،‫>ت‬C01Ia=‫ ا‬pY [xIa=
.BIh. ‫>ذا‬W
• The Imperatives uses the simple form of the verb such as:
walk, read, open,….etc.
.‫ول‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ أي ا‬BIh1= -0?x=‫ ا‬-\0{=‫[ ا‬W8‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?q
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Give Instructions ‫>ت‬C01Iq ‫>ء‬Y‫إ‬
• Mix the flour and the sugar. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
• Take two tablets every four hours. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
Make Invitations ‫ى‬FY6=‫ ا‬-\0l

• Come in; make yourselves at home. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
• Please start; do not wait for me. (Negative th3)
th3)
Tell someone what to do f1Ih0P >W °£ ‫>ر‬x¡‫إ‬

• Open your book. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
• Do not forget to post the letter. (Negative th3)
th3)
http://www.eqla3-
Give Warnings ‫[ات‬.q ‫>ء‬Y‫إ‬
• Keep out. Danger. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
Make Signs & Notices ‫;|~>ت‬W ‫ إ>رات و‬p.F<q

• Push. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
• Insert 2 X 50 SR. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
• Keep off the grass. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
Make Requests 1=‫ ا‬p.F<q

• Please open the door. (Affirmative ‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
‫>ت‬x¦‫)إ‬
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Modals /i‫ل ا‬78&‫ا‬
A modal has only one form of the verb for all persons, but it can
have several meanings and time frames, depending on the
context in which it is used.
‫ و‬t3>IW ‫ة‬6Y f= p<=‫>ص و‬£8‫ ا‬V0C VW ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-\0l f= °@>_=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ا‬
.f0J ‫م‬6£a?q ‫ى ا=ي‬FaC=‫ |? ا‬-0_W‫أ<>ل ز‬
Form -\0{=‫ا‬
shall, should, will would, may, might, can, could, must, ought to +
(BIh1= ‫ول‬8‫` ا‬.[{a=‫)ا‬
Modals have no infinitives or past participles.

.©=>¦ `.[{q ‫ر أو‬6{W °@>_=‫ ا‬BIh1= 0=
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Modals Expresses: Example
/i‫ل ا‬78&‫ا‬ :Vh S7? ‫=<ل‬
shall
Promise You shall take a reward.
6Y‫و‬
Determination He does not want to obey me: but he
0C{q shall.
shall.
Threat You shall be punished if you come late.

6.6q
should
Duty You should obey your teachers.
‫ا‬F=‫ا‬
Advice or opinion You should stop smoking.
‫ أو ا=[أي‬-0{_=‫ا‬
will
The simple future tense. He will visit us tomorrow.
w0?x=‫ ا‬Bxza?C=‫ ا‬-\0l
Determination or promise I will travel when I like.
6YF=‫ أو ا‬0C{a=‫ا‬ We will do as you wish.
http://www.eqla3-
/i‫ل ا‬78&‫ا‬ :Vh S7? ‫=<ل‬
might Possibility
-03><W4‫ا‬
I hoped that I might succeed.
I thought that the weather might
might change
can, am/is/are Ability He can do it carefully.

‫رة‬6zC=‫ا‬ He is able to solve the problem.
able to
shall be able, Ability in the future I shall be able to help you.
Bxza?C=‫ ا‬1Y ‫رة‬6zC=‫ا‬
will be able
could Past, present or future possibility

Bxza?C=‫ ا‬/ ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬/ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ -03><W4‫ا‬
Fahad could drive his car a year ago.
Ali is not in class today. He could be sick.
Do not leave now. It could rain now.
must Necessity
‫[ورة‬d=‫ا‬
You must listen to your teachers.
had to The past form of must :past necessity

ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ ‫[ورة‬d=‫ا‬
Faisal could not come to our dinner party.
He had to stay home to study.
http://www.eqla3-
/i‫ل ا‬78&‫ا‬ :Vh S7? ‫=<ل‬
ought to Advice
-0{_=‫ا‬
You ought to help the poor.
ought to Actions that were advisable in the past

tJ >1CY p?a?C=‫ ا‬pW ‫اث آ>ن‬6|‫أ‬
You ought to have studied.
(You did not. That was a mistake)
have ti>C=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
Affirmative Negative Question Short Answers

‫ت‬Sk‫إ‬ e:" ‫ت‬Sk‫إ‬ ‫ة‬zy= ‫ت‬%R‫إ‬
They should eat They should not Should they eat Yes, they should.
should. No, they should not.
not.
now. eat now. now?
He will leave. He will not leave. Will he leave? Yes, he will.

will. No, he will not.
not.
He would He would not Would he leave? Yes, he would.

would. No, he would not.
not.
succeed. succeed.
I might succeed. I might not Might I succeed?

succeed.
I may sleep. I may not sleep. May I sleep?
http://www.eqla3-
Affirmative Negative Question Short Answers

‫ت‬Sk‫إ‬ e:" ‫ت‬Sk‫إ‬ ‫ة‬zy= ‫ت‬%R‫إ‬
I can do it. I can not do it. Can I do it? Yes, you can.
can. No, you can not.
not.
He could talk. He could not Could he talk? Yes, he could.

could. No, he could not.
not.
talk.
We could have a We could not Could we have a Yes, you could.

could. No, he could not.
not.
test tomorrow. have a test test tomorrow?
tomorrow.
You must go now. You must not go Must you go now? Yes, I must.
must. No, I must not.
not.
now.
You ought to help You ought not to Ought you to help Yes, I ought to.
to. No, I ought not.
not.
them. help them. them?
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Comparing Adjectives
‫ت‬:‫=ر" ا‬
1. 4. PresentAdjectives
Continuous Tense
1.Comparing
ComparingShort
Short Adjectives ‫اة‬
‫تاة‬:‫ا‬
‫ت‬:‫=ر"ا‬
"‫=ر‬
:VyZ ‫ أو‬VZ V% "‫ ار‬.1
than -C1‫[ة ¦ آ‬0{z=‫>ت ا‬h{=‫ ا‬18 er -z|;=‫ ا‬-J>i‫;| إ‬3 -3‫>ر‬zC=‫ ا‬pW ‫ع‬F_=‫ ها ا‬tJ
• Ali is older than Ahmed.
• My Car is faster than yours.
.wzJ r `0d3 >_3J e ‫[ف‬7 -h{=‫ ا‬a3‫إذا ا‬

• safe safer than
• simple simpler than
.‫>دة‬I=>‫آ‬ er `0d3 ¦ i =‫إ‬ y ‫ ال‬1z3 >_3J y ‫[ف‬7 -h{=‫ ا‬a3‫إذا ا‬

• easy easier than
• heavy heavier than
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
‫ت‬:‫=ر" ا‬
1. 4. PresentAdjectives
Continuous Tense
1.Comparing
ComparingShort
Short Adjectives ‫اة‬
‫تاة‬:‫ا‬
‫ت‬:‫=ر"ا‬
"‫=ر‬
:VyZ ‫ أو‬VZ V= <‫ أآ‬V% "‫ ار‬.2
.‫[ة‬C=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬est -J>i‫;| إ‬. ‫ و‬-3‫>ر‬zC=‫ ا‬-h{=‫ ا‬x?q ta=‫ا‬ the -C1‫ آ‬-0C‫;| ه_> أه‬3
• Everest is the highest mountain.
• This is the biggest building in Riyadh.
.‫ة‬6.6 e `0d3 k >_3J e ‫[ف‬7 -h{=‫ ا‬a3‫إذا ا‬

• safe the safest
.‫>دة‬I=>‫آ‬ est `0d3 ¦ i =‫إ‬ y ‫ ال‬1z3 >_3J y ‫[ف‬7 -h{=‫ ا‬a3‫إذا ا‬

• easy the easiest
http://www.eqla3-
‫ت‬:‫=ر" ا‬
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
Adjectives PH‫ا‬
PH‫تا‬:‫ا‬
‫ت‬:‫=ر"ا‬
"‫=ر‬
:VyZ ‫ أو‬VZ V% "‫ ار‬.1

p0‫[آ‬aW p0J[| pW [§‫ أآ‬1Y ‫ي‬Fa. VzW B‫ آ‬،VzW pW [§‫ أآ‬pW -h{=‫ن ا‬F<aq >_‫ه‬
.p.6Y>xaW
beautiful B0C difficult Il
dangerous [¡ correct ¨0l
Important W Fluent ¨0{J
. est k ‫ و‬er Bxz. k ‫>ت‬h{=‫ ا‬pW ‫ع‬F_=‫ها ا‬

than -C1‫ ¦ آ‬more -C1‫>ت آ‬h{=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬x?q p0o0 p07 -3‫>ر‬zC=‫ ا‬-=>| thJ
• Jeddah is more beautiful than Riyadh.

• French is more difficult than English.
http://www.eqla3-
‫ت‬:‫=ر" ا‬
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
‫ت‬:‫=ر"ا‬
"‫=ر‬
:VyZ ‫ أو‬VZ V= <‫ أآ‬V% "‫ ار‬.2
the most -C1‫>ت آ‬h{=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬x?q p0o0 pW [§‫ أآ‬p07 -3‫>ر‬zC=‫ ا‬-=>| tJ
• Amal is the most beautiful girl in her class.

• This is the most important subject in this book.
http://www.eqla3-
‫ت‬:‫=ر" ا‬
2.
2.Comparing
ComparingLong
LongAdjectives
‫ت‬:‫=ر"ا‬
"‫=ر‬
:‫ــــــــــــ‬L4-=
_IC=‫ا‬ -h{=‫ا‬ p0_¦‫ أ‬p07 -3‫>ر‬zW p0_¦‫ أ‬pW [§‫ أآ‬p07 -3‫>ر‬zW
60 good better than the best
Å0P bad worse than the worst
(‫ود‬6IC1=) [0§‫آ‬ many more than the most
(‫ود‬6IC=‫[ ا‬0\=) [0§‫آ‬ much
(‫ود‬6IC=‫[ ا‬0\=) B01@ little less than the least
60I7 far farther than the farthest
• Adel is better than his brother at school.

• This girl is the worst one in her class.
http://www.eqla3-
as……..as (Sg%) 6<= Y <=
not as….as 6<= Y <=
as……..as
as……..as ((Sg%
Sg%))6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
.p0ahl p07 ‫?>واة‬W ‫د‬F‫ و‬p0| ‫;ح‬lk‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
• Ali is as tall as his brother.
• This bag is as big as my bag.
not
notas……..as
as……..as 6<=
6<=YY <=
<=

.p0ahl p07 ‫?>واة‬W ‫د‬F‫م و‬6Y -=>| tJ ‫;ح‬lk‫م ها ا‬6£a?.

• Ali is not as tall as his brother.
• This bag is not as big as my bag.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Adverbs [‫ال‬P4&‫وف ]ا‬L‫ا‬
• An Adverb always modifies a verb.

ً>Cc‫ دا‬BIh=‫{` ا‬. ‫ا=~[ف‬
• Most adverbs are formed by adding ly to the adjectives.
.-h{1= ly -J>i´7 ‫ّن‬F<q ‫~ ا=~[وف‬IW
slow slowly nice nicely

happy happily careful carefully
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
There are many kinds of adverbs:

:‫وف‬L‫ ا‬V= ‫اع‬P"‫ة أ‬$h ‫ك‬i‫ه‬
1. Adverbs of manner: express how an action was done.

.‫ث‬6=‫ع ا‬F@‫ و‬-0h0‫ آ‬pY [xIq ta=‫ا=~[وف ا‬: ‫ك‬P ‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫وف ا‬L‫ا‬
• I closed the window carefully.

• The soldier fought bravely.
2. Adverbs of time: express the time when an action is or was done.

.BIh=‫وث ا‬6| pW‫ ز‬-0h0‫ آ‬pY [xIq ta=‫ا=~[وف ا‬: ‫¡وف ا=ن‬
• I’m going to leave for Cairo tomorrow.

• What’s going to happen next?
http://www.eqla3-
3. Adverbs of place: express when an action is done.

.‫ث‬6=‫ع ا‬F@‫<>ن و‬W pY [xIq ta=‫ا=~[وف ا‬: ‫ن‬.‫¡وف ا‬
• I shall stand here.

• I’ve looked everywhere for my lost pen.
Some words that end in ly can be both adjectives or adverbs. Most of them refer to time.
1Y ‫ل‬6q ‫>ت‬C1<=‫ ا‬¢‫~ ه‬IW .‫>ت‬hl ‫[وف أو‬ª ‫ن‬F<q ‫ أن‬p<CC=‫ ا‬pW ly ‫ـ‬7 ta_q ta=‫>ت ا‬C1<=‫ ا‬rI7
:B§W .@F=‫ا‬
daily ً>0WF. weekly ً>0YFxP‫أ‬
monthly ً>.[ yearly ً>.F_P
• A daily newspaper is published daily.

• We get up early to catch an early train.
http://www.eqla3-
4. Adverbs of frequency: tell how often we do something.

¢‫ ه‬pW‫ و‬.‫ء‬t=‫وث ا‬6| ‫[ات‬W ‫د‬6Y pY >3[x£q ta=‫ا‬: ‫ار‬.z‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫وف ا‬L‫ا‬
:‫ا=~[وف‬
always ً>Cc‫دا‬ often ً>x=>
usually ‫>دة‬Y sometimes ً>3>0|‫أ‬
seldom ً‫>درا‬3 Rarely ً‫ا‬6 ً‫>درا‬3
Never ً‫ا‬67‫أ‬ Occasionally [¡» t| pW
Verb to BE: 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 ‫<[ار‬a=‫[ف ا‬ª tq. :‫ن‬F<. BIJ
Ali is always on time.
Other Verbs: ‫>دي‬I=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Bx@ ‫<[ار‬a=‫[ف ا‬ª tq. :‫¡[ى‬8‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ا‬
Ali sometimes reads a book.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Time
£/P‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
Conjunctions: %‫أدوات ا‬
when, whenever, as, as soon as, while, after, before, until, since
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of time with

the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW @F=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• I found a watch. I was walking in the street.
• I found a watch while I was walking in the street.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Place
‫ن‬.‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
where, wherever
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of place with

the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW ‫<>ن‬C=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• Wherever he goes his brother follows him.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Cause
ES ‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
because, since, as
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of cause with

the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW x?=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• I stayed at home yesterday because it was raining.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Manner
‫ك‬P ‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
As, as if, as through
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of manner with the
main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW ‫ك‬F1?=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
.tz0z| [0 ti>W as if 6I7 tq. ً>Cc‫دا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• He speaks as if he were a king.
.‫>ل‬0¡ ‫[د‬2W ‫ و‬-0z0z| [0 >38 was pW ًk67 were ‫ام‬6£aP‫| ا‬k
• It looks as if it would rain.
.V@Fq ‫[د‬2W >3‫ و أ‬tz0z| [0 ti>W F‫وه‬ will pW ًk67 would ‫ام‬6£aP‫| ا‬k
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Purpose
‫ اض‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
that, so that, in order that
These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of purpose with the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW ‫ ا=\[ض‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
a) We use (may + infinitive) when the main verb is in the present or future.
.Bxza?C=‫ا‬ ‫>رع أو‬dC=‫ ا‬tJ t?0c[=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ن ا‬F<. >W6_Y (‫ر‬$‫ا‬+%‫م )ر‬6£a?3
:‫§>ل‬W
He works hard. He wishes to succeed.
He works hard so that (that or in order that) he may succeed.
b) We use (might + infinitive) when the main verb is in the simple past.
.w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ t?0c[=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ن ا‬F<. >W6_Y (‫ر‬$‫ا‬+%‫م )ر‬6£a?3
:‫§>ل‬W
He was walking quickly in order that he might not be late.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Result
!zi‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
We use: so + adverb + that such + noun+ that

to link the main sentence with the adverbial clause of result.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW -20a_=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[= ‫\>ت‬0{=‫ ا‬¢‫م ه‬6£a?q
:‫§>ل‬W
• The man is so weak that he can not walk.
• He wrote such good answers that he got he marks.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Contrast
/iz‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
though, although
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast

with the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW r@>_a=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• He is poor. He is happy.
• Although (though) he is poor, he is happy.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Contrast
"‫ ار‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
as….as, so……as
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of contrast

with the main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW -3‫>ر‬zC=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• Nabeel is as clever as his father.
• Sami is not so strong as his brother.
http://www.eqla3-
Adverbial Clause of Condition
‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫ ا‬8L‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬
if, unless
• These words (conjunctions) link the adverbial clause of condition with the
main sentence.
.-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬VW -=>=‫ ا‬1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬-0J[~=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬w7[q ¢‫ ه‬w7[=‫أدوات ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W
• If we are ill, we go to bed.
• If we work hard, we will succeed.
• If we worked hard, we would succeed.
• If he had fallen, he would have hurt himself.
• Unless the rain falls, the crops will not grow.
http://www.eqla3-
as……..as [ Sg%] 6<= Y <=
not as….as 6<= Y <=
as……..as
as……..as [[Sg%
Sg%]]6<=
6<=YY <=
<=
.p0=>| p07 ‫?>واة‬W ‫د‬F‫ و‬p0| ‫;ح‬lk‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
• Ahmed drives as dangerously as his brother.
not
notas……..as
as……..as 6<=
6<=YY <=
<=

.p0=>| p07 ‫?>واة‬W ‫د‬F‫م و‬6Y -=>| tJ ‫;ح‬lk‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
• Hamad does not drive as dangerously as his brother.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Active & Passive
‫ل‬P! eiS‫م و ا‬P 7 eiS‫ا‬
.ً=P 7= h8 ‫ن‬P. ez‫ ا! ا‬P‫م ه‬P 7 eiS% $

‫م‬P 7= | h8 ‫ن‬P. ez‫ ا! ا‬P‫ل ه‬P! eiS% $
.‫ ا&ه‬6 / ‫أو‬
:‫ل‬P! eiS‫م و ا‬P 7 eiS‫ ا‬V= ‫اع‬P"‫ة أ‬$h ‫ك‬i‫ه‬
• Statements Sy‫ ا‬6!‫ا‬

• Questions ‫ ـــــــــــ‬C&‫ا‬
• Command ‫ا&=ـــــــــــــ‬
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Active & Passive
A.
A. Statements
Statements Sy‫ا‬
Sy‫ا‬6!‫ا‬
6!‫ا‬
Ahmed broke the window yesterday.

F‫م وه‬F1IW >0J BY>h=‫ن ا‬8 N=‫ وذ‬Active ‫م‬F1IC1= t_xW -1C2=‫ ا‬¢‫ه‬
.
Ahmed
______________________________________________________
The window was broken yesterday.
The window was broken (by Ahmed) yesterday.
‫م‬F1IW [0 >0J BY>h=‫ن ا‬8 N=‫ وذ‬Passive ‫ل‬F2C1= t_xW -1C2=‫ ا‬¢‫ه‬
f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫<>ن ا‬W Vi‫و= أو و‬8‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ >C‫ آ‬Ahmed F‫وه‬
.-03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ >C‫ آ‬by ‫ــ‬7 ً>@Fx?W
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
A.
A. Statements
6!‫ا‬
‫ل‬F2C1= t_xC=‫ إ= ا‬Active ‫م‬F1IC1= t_xC=‫ ا‬pW B.Fa1=

:-0=>a=‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 -.[x£=‫ ا‬BC2=‫ ا‬-=>| tJ Passive
(‫>[ة‬xW BIh=‫ ا‬6I7 ¢‫د‬FF7 f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫[ف ا‬I.) .ً;Y>J ¨x{. f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫ا‬ .1

.f7 ‫ل‬FIhC1= ً>xP>_W -1C2=‫ ا‬pW‫ ز‬h3 tJ to be BIJ Vd3 .2
.©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬tJ t1l8‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Vi .3
.ً‫[ا‬0Ci ‫ إذا آ>ن‬. 6@‫ و‬by ‫ــ‬7 ً>@Fx?W BY>h=‫ ا‬Vd3 .4
.[00\q ‫ دون‬-1C2=‫ ا‬-.>3 tJ F‫> ه‬C‫ آ‬ViF. -1C2=‫ ا‬tJ ‫>دة‬.‫أي ز‬ .5
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
A.
A. Statements
6!‫ا‬
:-‫ـــــــــــــــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
Active ‫م‬P 7 eiS= Passive ‫ل‬P! eiS=
Ali writes letters. Letters are written (by Ali).
Huda wrote the lesson. The lesson was written (by Huda).
Saleh will buy a car. A car will be bought (by Saleh).
Khaled is helping Ahmed. Ahmed is being helped (by Ali).
She has eaten the apple. The apple has been eaten (by her).
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
A.
A. Statements
6!‫ا‬
:t1. >C‫ آ‬-h1a£C=‫ ا‬-_W‫ز‬8‫ ا‬VW to be BIJ ‫{[ف‬.
am, is, are S‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
was, were S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
shall be, will be S‫ ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬
am being, is being, are being z ‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
was being, were being z ‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
has been, have been ‫م‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬
had been ‫م‬z‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬
can be, could be, may be, might be, must be, ought $h = 678 6‫آ‬
to be
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
B.
B. Questions
Questions C&‫ا‬
C&‫ا‬

: -0=>a=‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 -1oP8‫ ا‬-=>| tJ Passive

.‫ ا=?®ال‬pW‫ ز‬h3 tJ to be BIJ Vd3 .2
.©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬tJ t1l8‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Vi .3
.ً‫[ا‬0Ci ‫ إذا آ>ن‬. 6@‫ و‬by ‫ــ‬7 ً>@Fx?W BY>h=‫ ا‬Vd3 .4
.[00\q ‫ دون‬-1C2=‫ ا‬-.>3 tJ F‫> ه‬C‫ آ‬ViF. -1C2=‫ ا‬tJ ‫>دة‬.‫أي ز‬ .5
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
B.
B. Questions
Questions C&‫ا‬
C&‫ا‬
Does Ahmed write letters? Are Letters written (by Ali)?
Did he eat the cake?. Was the cake eaten (by him)?
Will Ali buy a new car? Will a new car be bought (by Ali)?
Why is he using a pen? Ahmed is being helped (by Ali).
Who broke the window? By whom the window was broken?
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
C.
C. Command
Command =&‫ا‬
=&‫ا‬

: -0=>a=‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 [W8‫ ا‬-=>| tJ Passive
.-1C2=‫ أول ا‬tJ let -C1‫ آ‬Vi .1
. be ‫ن‬F<0J [W8‫ أي ا‬pW/=‫ ا‬h3 tJ to be BIJ Vi .3
.©=>§=‫` ا‬.[{a=‫ ا‬tJ t1l8‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬Vi .4
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
C.
C. Command
Command =&‫ا‬
=&‫ا‬
Write the lesson. Let the lesson be written.
Open the door. Let the door be opened.
Send this letter to your friend. Let this letter be sent to your friend.
http://www.eqla3-
Active & Passive
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــ‬L4-=
‫ـــــــــــــــــــــــ‬L4-=
2. ‫;ً =ا‬.W ًk‫®ا‬P ‫ أو‬-0h_W ‫ل‬F2C1= t_xC=‫> إ= ا‬1.Fq ‫[اد‬C=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ن ا‬F<q 6@
.‫ل‬F2C1= t_xC=‫ إ= ا‬B.Fa=‫ ا‬6_Y B0.a=‫ ها ا=?®ال أو ا‬-\0l 1Y -~J>C=‫ا‬
-‫ـــــــــــــــــــ‬1§W‫أ‬
Ali does not write letters Letters are not written (by Ali).
Dickens wrote those novels, didn’

didn’t he? Those novels were written by Dickens,
weren’
weren’t they?
Dickens didn’
didn’t write that play, did he? That play wasn’
wasn’t written by Dickens, was it?
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Transitive & Intransitive Verbs
$7z‫ل ا‬78&‫ز= و ا‬-‫ل ا‬78&‫ا‬
:Intransitive Verbs (=‫ز‬-‫ل ا‬78&‫)ا‬
:B§W .f7 ًkFIhW ¡q k ta=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
The sun rises.
:Intransitive Verbs (=‫ز‬-‫ل ا‬78&‫)ا‬
.[§‫اً أو أآ‬6|‫ وا‬f7 ًkFIhW ¡q ta=‫ ا‬t‫ه‬
Ali raised his hand.
BY>h=‫ا‬ BIh=‫ا‬ f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫ا‬
BC2=‫> ا‬W‫ أ‬،>7 f7 ‫ل‬FIhW ‫د‬F‫م و‬6I= ‫ل‬F2C1= t_xW =‫> إ‬1.Fq p<C. k -W‫>ل ا=;ز‬IJ8‫*ا‬
.‫ل‬F2C1= t_xW =‫> إ‬1.Fq p<C0J -.6IaW ‫>ل‬IJ‫ي أ‬Fq ta=‫ا‬
:‫§>ل‬W .‫ل‬F2C1= t_xW =‫> إ‬1.Fq p<C. ‫ =ا‬p0=FIhC= -.6IaC=‫>ل ا‬IJ8‫ ا‬rI7 ‫*ه_>ك‬
Ahmed gave Huda a flower . :p0az.[7 _xq
BY>h=‫ا‬ BIh=‫ا‬ f7 ‫ل‬FIhW f7 ‫ل‬FIhW
a) Huda was given a flower (by Ahmed).

b) A flower was given to Huda (by Ahmed) ¢[0¡q p0| Huda B@>I=‫ ا‬f7 ‫ل‬FIhC1= to Vi‫| و‬k
.
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Prepositions
!‫وف ا‬4
$4‫ا‬P‫ن ف ا‬P. $8 ،.%z= ‫وف ا! آ<ة و‬4

‫ و‬. !‫ ا‬e8 Y7/P= E 4 s‫ وذ‬i7= V= <‫أآ‬
h ‫رب‬$z‫ ا‬e‫وف ا! ه‬4 B 7z <‫ ا‬H‫ا‬
. :i= ‫ آوف‬£ ‫ و‬6R ‫ل‬-x V=
A preposition shows the relation between the subject and the object.
There are also prepositions of time and prepositions of place.
‫ دا‬R ‫وف‬4 ًg‫ أ‬$RP ‫ و‬Y% ‫ل‬P7:‫ و ا‬6h:‫ ا‬V% /-7‫ ا‬h !‫وف ا‬4 ‫ل‬$?
.‫ن‬.‫ ا‬h ‫ دا‬R ‫وف‬4 ‫ و‬V=‫ ا‬h
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Use of Prepositions
!‫وف ا‬4 ‫ام‬$yzC‫ا‬
Prepositions Use ‫ام‬$yzC~‫ا‬ Example ‫=<ل‬
!‫وف ا‬4
on
Day ‫>م‬.8‫ا‬ On Monday
Day + morning, night ‫[ة‬ah=‫ ا‬+ ‫>م‬.8‫ا‬ On Friday morning
Afternoon, evening, date ¼.‫>ر‬a=‫ا‬ My birthday is on June 10.
Special days -l>¡ ‫>م‬.‫أ‬ I will travel on National Day.
To mean above ‫ق‬FJ _IC7 The tea is on the table.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions
!‫وف ا‬4
in
Season B{J The trees grow in spring.
Year -_P I was born in 1968.
Month [ The test is in May.
The morning ‫>ح‬x{=‫ا‬ I go to work in the morning.
The evening ‫>ء‬C?=‫ا‬ I go home in the evening
To mean above B¡‫ا‬6=‫ ا‬tJ He is in the mosque.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions
!‫وف ا‬4
at
Time @F=‫ا‬ I will come back at 2 o’
o’clock.
Festival ‫ت‬k>ha|k‫>د و ا‬0Y8‫ا‬ I will meat you at the school festival.
Meal times ‫>ت‬xF=‫أو@>ت ا‬ I will talk to my father at lunch.
The weekend ‫ع‬FxP8‫ ا‬-.>3 We will travel at the weekend.
Noon [~=‫ا‬ We pray at noon everyday.
Night B01=‫ا‬ We sleep at night.
To mean place ‫<>ن‬C1= He is at the grocer’

grocer’s.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions
Prepositions of Place ‫ن‬.‫ ا‬h ‫ا‬$‫وف ا! ا‬4

!‫وف ا‬4
at at an exact place ‫د‬6W ‫<>ن‬W tJ He lives at number 5, King Fahad Street.
at work BCI=‫ ا‬tJ Ahmed is at work.
at the table -=‫ ا=>و‬1Y They are standing at the dinner table
under q _IC7 The cat is under the table.
in front of ‫>م‬W‫_ أ‬IC7 The teacher is in front of the class.
to direction/place ¢>2q‫ا‬/‫<>ن‬W I go to school everyday.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions

!‫وف ا‬4
in To mean inside B¡‫_ دا‬IC7 Put this book in the box.
In a country 617 tJ I live in Saudi Arabia.
In a town./street ‫ >رع‬tJ/-_.6W tJ I live in Al-

Al-Madina.
in bed ‫[اش‬h=‫ ا‬tJ The baby is in bed.
In a building or area ‫_ أو‬xW tJ You were in the club last night.
-z_W
In a chair tP[<=‫ ا‬1Y Ali is sitting in his chair.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions

!‫وف ا‬4
with ‫ـ‬7 _IC7 I write with a pen.
from pW _IC7 I am from Riyadh.
behind `1¡ _IC7 The wall is behind the class.
between p07 _IC7 Samah is sitting between Fatma and

Salwa.
on TV ‫ن‬F./h1a=‫ ا‬-> 1Y Ali watches football on TV every Saturday.
Time ‫د‬6C=‫@ ا‬F=‫ا‬ He arrives on time.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions
More Examples <=&‫ ا‬V= ً‫ا‬$=
Prepositions Example ‫=<ل‬

!‫وف ا‬4
in tJ The medicine is in the bottle.
on 1Y The knife is on the table.
at ‫[ب‬z=>7 ،6_Y Someone is at the door.
near pW ‫[ب‬z=>7 Ahmed is sitting near the window.
between p07 The house is between the school and the mosque.
opposite B7>zW The bank is opposite to the post office.
into tJ ،B¡‫دا‬ The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
onto 1Y The water is spilling onto the floor.

http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions

!‫وف ا‬4
off 1Y pW The man is falling off the chair.
out of ‫ق‬FJ pW The child is falling out of the window.
across ‫ ¡;ل‬،[xY The carpenter cut across the wood.
over/above 1Y‫ أ‬،‫ق‬FJ The light is over (above) the table.
under/below BhP‫ أ‬،q The fire is under (below) the stairs.
through ‫ ¡;ل‬،[xY The ball is going through the window.
among wP‫و‬ The teacher is sitting among the students.
http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions

!‫وف ا‬4
in tJ The medicine is in the bottle.
on 1Y The knife is on the table.
at ‫[ب‬z=>7 ،6_Y Someone is at the door.
near pW ‫[ب‬z=>7 Ahmed is sitting near the window.
between p07 The house is between the school and the mosque.
opposite B7>zW The bank is opposite to the post office.
into tJ ،B¡‫دا‬ The electrician is putting his hand into the TV.
onto 1Y The water is spilling onto the floor.

http://www.eqla3-
Use of Prepositions

!‫وف ا‬4
round ‫ل‬F| The car is going round the tree.
in front of ‫>م‬W‫أ‬ The child is sitting in front of the TV.
behind ‫ وراء‬،`1¡ The headmaster is sitting behind the pupils.
on top of 1Y ،‫ق‬FJ The sweets are on top of the table.
at the side of 3>27 The garage is at the side of the house.
along ‫ل‬F 1Y The man is walking along the street.
next to ‫ار‬F27 The bank is next to the baker’s.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Question-Tags
‫ ا‬C&‫ا‬
‫دل‬7? e‫ ا وه‬C&‫ ا‬h § H C&‫ ا‬V= ‫ع‬Pi‫ها ا‬

oSz zy= ‫ال‬pC Vh ‫رة‬Sh P‫ وه‬.%7‫ ا‬% “‫؟‬s‫ آ‬ ‫”أ‬
V= !‫> ه© ا‬y = ‫دة‬h ‫ال‬p ‫ وها ا‬YS ? Sx R
zS<= YS ? ez‫ ا! ا‬£"‫«ذا آ‬8 .e:i‫ت أو أ‬Sk#‫ ا‬ª4
‫ال‬p ‫ن ا‬P. :i= £"‫ و إذا آ‬e:i‫ ا‬e8 ‫ال‬p ‫ن ها ا‬P.
.ًzS<=
e:i‫ت أو ا‬Sk#‫ ا‬ª4 V= !‫ ا‬oSz8 ‫ال‬p ‫اب ها ا‬PR =‫* أ‬
.‫ال‬p ‫> ا‬y ‫أي‬
% ‫ث‬$z‫ ا‬$ih ً‫اول آ<ا‬$z= C&‫ ا‬V= ‫ع‬Pi‫* ها ا‬
.%Pz.‫"! ا‬#‫ ا‬e8 Y=‫ا‬$yzC‫ ا‬6 Y"‫"! إ~ أ‬#‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Question-Tags
‫ ا‬C&‫ا‬
Questions
Questionsthat
thatwe weexpect
expectthe
theanswer
answer“Yes”
“Yes”
““B7"
B7"““‫ـ‬%‫ـ‬%
hh%R#‫ا‬
%R#‫ا‬o/Pz"
o/Pz" C‫أ‬
C‫أ‬
:f01Y -7>4‫~[ ها ا=?®ال و ا‬3‫ا‬
* There’s a supermarket near here, isn’t there?
Yes , there is.
>W‫ أ‬.ً>0h_W (B0.a=‫> )ا‬01Y ‫ =ا >ء ا=?®ال‬-ax§W -1C ‫ ها ا=?®ال‬W6zq ta=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫*ا‬
. Yes ‫>ت‬x¦4>7 ‫ن‬F<0J ‫اب‬F2=‫ا‬
.th_1= N=‫ وذ‬¢6I7 not Vd3 ¦ 6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫م ا‬6z3 ‫ع‬F_=‫ ها ا‬pW ًk‫®ا‬P ‫ن‬F<3 t<=‫* و‬
:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫~[ ا‬3‫و ا»ن ا‬

* You come from the United States, don’t you?
Yes, I do.
.6Y>?W BIJ ‫د‬F‫م و‬6I= N=‫ وذ‬do ‫ام‬6£aP>7 ‫ ا=?®ال‬B0.q q ‫§>ل‬C=‫ ها ا‬tJ*
http://www.eqla3-
Question-Tags
‫ ا‬C&‫ا‬
Questions
Questionsthat thatwe weexpect
expectthe
theanswer
answer“No”
“No”
““~~““‫ـ‬%‫ـ‬%
hh%R#‫ا‬
%R#‫ا‬o/Pz"
o/Pz" C‫أ‬
C‫أ‬
1) You don’t come from Saudi Arabia, do you?
No, I don’t.
2) It doesn’t take long time be car, does it?
No, it doesn’t.
.6Y>?W BIh‫آ‬ do/does >_W6£aP‫ =ا ا‬w0?x=‫>رع ا‬dC=‫ ا‬pW‫ ز‬tJ ‫| ه_> أن ا=?®ال‬k*
3) You didn’t travel last year, did you?

No, I didn’t.
.6Y>?W BIh‫آ‬ did >_W6£aP‫ =ا ا‬w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬pW‫ ز‬tJ ‫| ه_> أن ا=?®ال‬k*
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Conditional “if”
°‫“ ا‬P”
1) if + present ‫>رع‬dW will + ‫` أول‬.[{q
.fYF@‫ و‬p<CW ‫ث‬6=‫ها ا‬

If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home. (0x=‫ ا‬tJ z7P ، ً‫ا‬6 [Cq ‫)إن‬
If you eat too much, you will become fat. :‫§>ل‬W
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
°‫“ ا‬P”
2) if + past ti>W would + ‫` أول‬.[{q
.fYF@‫ و‬B0a?W ‫ أو‬p<CW [0 ‫ث‬6=‫ها ا‬

If Shakespeare lived today, he would use different English.
ti>C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫_> ا‬W6£aP‫_> ا‬3‫>ً أ‬d.‫| أ‬k .‫م‬F0=‫>ً ا‬0| ‫ن‬F<. ‫ أن‬B0a?W [0x?< ‫| أن‬k
.ti>C=‫ ا‬1Y ‫ل‬6. k f_<= -1C VW w0?x=‫ا‬
:‫ة‬6Y>z=‫ ا‬t‫ ه‬¢‫ وه‬-1C2=‫ ا‬pW t3>§=‫ء ا‬/2=‫ ا‬tJ ( would + ‫ر‬6{C=‫_> )ا‬W6£aP‫و ا‬
if + subject + past subject+ would + ‫` أول‬.[{q
F= a| was ‫ام‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?3 k ‫ة و‬6Y>z=‫ ا‬¢‫ ه‬tJ were =‫ل إ‬Faq be ‫>ً أن‬d.‫| أ‬k
.ً‫[دا‬hW BY>h=‫آ>ن ا‬
If I were you, I would buy a new car. :‫§>ل‬W
http://www.eqla3-
°‫“ ا‬P”
3) if + had + ©=>¦ `.[{q would have + ©=>¦ `.[{q
If he had lived in Taif, he would have been happy.
If he had visited Makkah, he would have seen the Ka’aba.
http://www.eqla3-
°‫“ ا‬P”
4) if + present ‫>رع‬dW present ‫>رع‬dW

.-a7>¦ ‫ و‬-Cc‫ دا‬-z0z| BIh=‫ ا‬-20a3 >0J ‫ن‬F<q ta=‫ ا‬-=>=‫ ا‬tJ 0‫[آ‬a=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.
If you boil water, it becomes steam. (ً‫>را‬£7 ¨x{. f3J ،‫>ء‬C=‫_> ا‬01 >_3‫ أ‬F=)
‫>رع و‬dC=‫ ا‬tJ becomes -C1‫ =ا >ءت آ‬p0IW @F7 ‫ة‬60zW ?0= ‫ و‬-a7>¦ -z0z| ¢‫و ه‬
.Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ ?0=
5) if + present ‫>رع‬dW instructions ‫>ت‬C01Iq

If the radio is too loud, turn it off. Or Turn the radio off if it is too loud.
If you are under 17, don’t drive a car. Or Don’t drive a car if you are under 17.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Reported Speech
‫ل‬Pi‫م ا‬-.‫ا‬
.[>xW [0\=‫>ً ا=<;م ا‬d.‫ أ‬C?. BC2=‫ ا‬pW ‫ع‬F_=‫ها ا‬
Indirect Speech
There are four kinds of direct and Indirect Speech.
:[>xC=‫[ ا‬0 ‫>[ و‬xC=‫ ا=<;م ا‬pW ‫اع‬F3‫ أ‬-I7‫ه_>ك أر‬
1) Statement -.[x£=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ا‬

2) Question ‫ا=?®ال‬
3) Command 1=‫ا‬
4) Exclamation 2Ia=‫ا‬
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY t=>a=‫ا‬
Reported Speech
Statement
Statement Sy‫ا‬
Sy‫ا! ا‬
!‫ا‬
:-0=>a=‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 Reported ‫ل‬Fz_W ‫إ= آ;م‬ Direct [>xW pW -.[x¡ -1C B.Fa= *
said ‫ل‬Fz=‫ ا‬BIJ ¦ [0Cd=‫ أو ا‬Pk‫ ا‬Vd3 -1
.>_Y ‫\_>ء‬aPk‫<__> ا‬C. ‫ و‬that w7[=‫ أداة ا‬Vd3 -2
:[c>Cd=‫ ا‬¢‫_ و أه ه‬IC=‫[ |? ا‬c>Cd=‫ل ا‬F3 -3
I he, she we they
My his, her our their
:t1. >C‫ آ‬-_W‫ز‬8‫ل ا‬F3 -4
Present ‫>رع‬dW Past ti>W
Past ti>W Past Perfect ‫>م‬q ti>W
:t1. >C‫ت آ‬6‫>ت إن و‬C1<=‫ ا‬rI7 ‫ل‬F3 -5
Now ‫ا»ن‬ then o_0|
here >_‫ه‬ there ‫ه_>ك‬
Last night >_‫ه‬ the night before ‫ه_>ك‬
this >_‫ه‬ that ‫ه_>ك‬
yesterday >_‫ه‬ the day before ‫ه_>ك‬
tomorrow >_‫ه‬ the following day ‫ه_>ك‬
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Statement
Statement Sy‫ا‬
Sy‫ا! ا‬
!‫ا‬
Direct [>xW Indirect [>xW [0

“I live in Riyadh”
Riyadh” He said that he lived in Riyadh.
“We are happy”

happy” They said that they were happy.
She said: "I have not been in the school library She said that she had not been to the school library
recently”
recently”. recently.
He said to me: "I shall see you tomorrow”
tomorrow”. He told me that he would see me the next day.
day.
:‫>ف‬i‫ أ‬t_Iq ta=‫وا‬ and added that :‫>رة‬xY >_W ًk67 Vd3 6|‫ وا‬1<aW °£= p0a1C p07 (.) ‫إذا آ>ن ه_>ك‬
They said to him: “We shall see you tomorrow. We They told him that they would see him the next day
shall visit Ahmed”
Ahmed”. and added that they would visit Ahmed.
:[c>Cd=‫ ا‬tJ wzJ ‫ن‬F<. [00\a=‫> ا‬C3‫ إ‬-1C2=‫ ا‬-_W‫[ أز‬0\q k o_0| ‫>رع‬dW say, says ‫ل‬Fz=‫ ا‬-C1‫ آ‬3>‫إذا آ‬
She says: “I will cook the food tomorrow”

tomorrow”. She says that she will cook the food tomorrow.
We say: “We are playing football now”

now”. We say that we are playing football now.
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Question
Question ‫ال‬p ‫ا‬
‫ال‬p ‫ا‬
:-0=>a=‫ات ا‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 Reported ‫ل‬Fz_W ‫إ= آ;م‬ Direct [>xW pW ‫®ال‬P B.Fa= *
:t1. >C‫ آ‬t‫ وه‬، ‫ ا=?®ال‬pW‫د ز‬6. asked BIh=‫ ا‬-1
Present ‫>رع‬dW Past ti>W
Past ti>W Past Perfect ‫>م‬q ti>W
.w7‫?> آداة ر‬h3 ‫م‬6£a?q ‫®ال‬P ‫ أداة‬1Y ‫ي‬Fa. ‫ إذا آ>ن ا=?®ال‬-2
.6Y>?C=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬1Y BY>h=‫ ا‬.6za7 F‫ و ه‬-.[x¡ -1C =‫ ا=?®ال إ‬B.Fq a. -3
.-1C2=‫_ ا‬IW ?| [c>Cd=‫ ا‬rI7 [00\q |;. -4
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Question

“What is your name?”
name?”. He asked me what my name was.
was.
“Why are you late?”

late?” The teacher asked me why I was late.
late.
“Where is your book?”
book?”. He asked me where my book was.
was.
:‫®ال‬P ‫ أداة‬1Y ‫ي‬Fa. k ‫?®ال ا=ي‬1= w7‫ آداة ر‬if ‫م‬6£a?q
“Is your school very large?”

large?”. He asked me if my school was very large.
large.
.w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬pW‫ إ= ز‬BIh=‫ل ا‬F| ‫> و‬J|‫ ا‬does ‫ أو‬do 1Y ‫ي‬Fa. ‫أ أو‬6x. ‫إذا آ>ن ا=?®ال‬
“Where do you live”

live”. He asked me where I lived.
lived.
“Does he go to school?”
school?”. I asked him if he went to school.
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Question

.( had + ©=>¦ `.[{q) w0?x=‫ ا‬ti>C=‫ ا‬pW‫ إ= ز‬BIh=‫ل ا‬F| ‫> و‬J|‫ا‬ did 1Y ‫ي‬Fa. ‫أ أو‬6x. ‫إذا آ>ن ا=?®ال‬
“Where did you go yesterday?”

yesterday?”. Sami asked me where I had gone the day before.
before.
“Did Ahmed buy a new car?”
car?”. Ali asked me if Ahmed had bought a new car.
:[c>Cd=‫ ا‬tJ wzJ ‫ن‬F<. [00\a=‫> ا‬C3‫ إ‬-1C2=‫ ا‬-_W‫[ أز‬0\q k o_0| ‫>رع‬dW ask, asks ‫ ا=?®ال‬-C1‫ آ‬3>‫إذا آ‬
“Who is your English teacher?”

teacher?”. They ask me who my English teacher is.
is.
“What are your marks?”
marks?”. He asks me what my marks are.
are.
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Command
Command E
E H‫ا‬
H‫ا‬
‫ات‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 Reported ‫ل‬Fz_W ‫إ= آ;م‬ Direct

[>xW pW -0x1 -1C B.Fa= *
:-0=>a=‫ا‬
.[W8‫ ا‬f7 6{z. ‫ ( إذا آ>ن ا=<;م‬ordered [W‫م ) أ‬6£a?3 -1
I
.BPFa=‫ ا=[>ء و ا‬f7 6{z. ‫ ( إذا آ>ن ا=<;م‬begged ‫م ) ر>ء‬6£a?3 ‫و‬
.-0{_=‫ ا‬f7 6{z. ‫( إذا آ>ن ا=<;م‬ advised ¨{3 ) ‫م‬6£a?3 ‫و‬
f.‫?>و‬. °£ =‫ إ‬°£ pW fFW ‫( إذا آ>ن ا=<;م‬ told [x¡‫م ) أ‬6£a?3 ‫و‬
.-xq[C=‫ ا‬tJ
BIh=‫ ا‬Bx@ to -C1‫ آ‬Vi ‫ و‬-|FahC=‫اس ا‬F@8‫ ا|ف ا‬-2

.>q6‫ إن و‬-1C2=‫ ا‬pW Please, do taC1‫ ا|ف آ‬-3
.xP >C‫_ وآ‬IC=‫[ |? ا‬c>Cd=‫>ت و ا‬C1<=‫ ا‬rI7 [0 -4
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Command
Command E
E H‫ا‬
H‫ا‬

He said to the servant: “bring me a He ordered the servant to bring him a
glass of water”. glass of water.
The son said to his father: “please , The son begged his father to give him
give me some money”. some money.
The doctor said to me: “Drink a lot of The doctor advised me to drink a lot of
water”. water.
He said to me: “Do not go to the He told me not to go to the market that
market tonight”. night.
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Exclamation
Exclamation E!7z‫ا‬
E!7z‫ا‬
‫ات‬F£=‫ ا‬Vxa3 Reported ‫ل‬Fz_W ‫إ= آ;م‬ Direct
[>xW pW 2Iq -1C B.Fa= *
:-0=>a=‫ا‬
:B§W >01Y ‫ل‬6q -C1‫_> آ‬W ًk67 Vi‫ و‬2Ia=‫ ا‬-C1‫ ا|ف آ‬-1
With regret ‫م‬6_7 With anger d\7

With joy ‫[ح‬h7 With admiration ‫>ب‬2Y´7
With sadness ‫ن‬/7
that -C1‫ آ‬Vi ‫اس و‬F@8‫ ا|ف ا‬-2

.-.[x£=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ xP >C‫_ وآ‬IC=‫>ل |? ا‬IJ8‫[ و ا‬c>Cd=‫>ت و ا‬C1<=‫[ ا‬0 -3
how, what :B§W 2Iq -C1<‫ آ‬BCIaP‫>م ا‬haP‫> |[ف ا‬W‫ إ‬2Ia=‫>ت ا‬C1‫ آ‬:-~|;W
-1C2=‫ ا‬-.>3 tJ 2Iq -W;Y ‫د‬FF7 >J[Iq‫و‬
.! 2Ia=‫ ا‬-W;Y ‫د‬FF7 >J[Iq ‫ و‬Alas, Hurrah, Oh :B§W >q‫ا‬7 2Iq -C1‫أو آ‬
http://www.eqla3-
Reported Speech
Exclamation
Exclamation E!7z‫ا‬
E!7z‫ا‬

He said : “Alas! I will not find my He said with sorrow that he would not
money”. find his money.
He said : “How foolish I have been”. He said with regret that he had been
foolish.
http://www.eqla3-
7>?=‫ا‬ -0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY
Countries and Nationalities
‫ ت‬i!‫ان و ا‬$ S‫ا‬
:ً;§W ‫ل‬Fz_J -0?_2=‫ ا‬p.F<a= N=‫ و ذ‬61x=‫ ا‬Pk “‫` |[ف ”ي‬0d3 >W ‫>دة‬Y -07[I=‫ ا‬-\1=‫ ا‬tJ
‫دي‬FIP : -.‫د‬FI?=‫ا‬
:t‫ و ه‬-J>iÏ= -1CaW ‫ |[وف‬C¡ ‫_>ك‬J -./01234‫ ا‬-\1=‫ ا‬tJ >W‫أ‬

i, n, ian, ish, ese
:-1§W8‫ ا‬rI7 ¢‫ وه‬.‫ ا=[وف‬¢= -a7>¦ ‫ة‬6Y>@ ‫ ه_>ك‬0= ‫و‬
Country Nationality Country Nationality

Saudi Arabia Saudi Britain British
Oman Omani Turkey Turkish
Algeria Algerian China Chinese
Libya Libyan Lebanon Lebanese
Palestine Palestinian France French
Syria Syrian Switzerland Swiss
http://www.eqla3-
-0?0c[=‫ ا‬-Cc>z=‫دة إ= ا‬FY

قواعد اللغة الأنكليزية باللغة العربي

Enviado por

Dados do documento

Direitos autorais

Formatos disponíveis

Compartilhar este documento

Compartilhar ou incorporar documento

Opções de compartilhamento

Você considera este documento útil?

Este conteúdo é inapropriado?

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

قواعد اللغة الأنكليزية باللغة العربي

Enviado por

Direitos autorais:

Formatos disponíveis

GRAMMAR

 ‫ا ا  ــــــــــ ا‬

Prepared by: Mulla (2002)

1. Capital Letters ‫[ة‬0x<=‫ ا‬-./01234‫ ا‬-.6278‫ا‬

2. Small Letters ‫[ة‬0\{=‫ ا‬-./01234‫ ا‬-.6278‫ا‬

Consonant Letters -_‫ا= [وف ا=?>آ‬

Vowels Letters -‫ [آ‬aC=‫ا= [وف ا‬

They traveled by plane

Interjection ‫ >ت‬0l ‫ات أو‬Fl‫ أ‬pY ‫>رة‬xY F‫ ه‬Alas!

‫ ا=_<[ة‬Pk‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫م‬6£a?q This is an apple.

.`.[Ia1= the ‫م‬6£a?q This is the book I bought yesterday.

‫ي‬Fa q ‫ وأن‬67k -./01234‫ ا‬-1C2=‫>=آ[ أن ا‬7 [.62=‫ا‬

Simple Sentences -0?7 BC

Compound Sentences -x‫[آ‬W BC

Complex Sentences ‫ة‬6zIW BC

:-0?7 ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.

and: >CdI7 p07 -@;Y >C= p0a1C w7[q: >H7‫واو ا‬

or: ‫>ر‬0¡ >C0J ‫ن‬F<. p0a1C w7[q: ‫أو‬

Main Clause -0P>P‫ أ‬-1C

:‫اع‬F3‫ أ‬-¦;¦ t‫ وه‬Subordinate Clause -.F3>¦ -1C

A phrase is a combination of words forming part of the

It is used as a principal and a helping verb.

: 6Y>?W‫ و‬t?0c‫ ر‬BIh‫م آ‬6£a?.

He, She, It is was been

We, They, are were been

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

tJ a3‫ وا‬B{| ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= ti>C=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers

Be +Subject + Complement Yes + Subject No + Subject +

Are you a teacher? Yes, I am. No, I am not.

It is used as a principal and a helping verb.

I, you, we, do did done

He, She, It does did done

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

It is used as a principal and a helping verb.

I, you, we, have had had

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

Subject + + not + have +

I do not have a car.

He does not have A new watch.

They did not have breakfast this

“Yes” or “No” questions Short Answers

Do/Does/Did +Subject +have + Complement Yes + Subject + No + Subject +

Does he have a new watch? Yes, he does. No, he does not

Verb to have is used as a helping verb to form the

.BIh=‫ ها ا‬6I7 not Vd3 N1C. BIJ VW th3 p.F<a=

“Yes” or “No” questions and short answers

‫>ص‬£‫أ‬ People man, father, teacher, neighbor, …

Countable Nouns: are things that be

Uncountable Nouns: cannot be counted.

You cannot use singular countable nouns alone

:  x&‫ ا‬BC~‫ ا‬E 4 o!? S‫ء اآ‬C&‫ا‬

‫>ء‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫أو‬ a ‫ام‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?q k

‫ودة‬$7‫ء ا  ا‬C&‫ ا‬V= ً‫ا‬$=

We put “a” before a noun starting with a constant sound.

We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel sound.

We put “an” before a noun starting with a vowel

: -‫ [آ‬aC=‫ ا= [وف ا‬Vowels

We DO NOT use a/an:

No article is used ‫م أي أداة‬6£a?q k There are books on

A noun that is the only pW 6F. k ‫ ا=ي‬Pk‫ ا‬The river Nile

Names of rivers, seas, ‫>ر و‬38‫>ء ا‬CP‫ أ‬The Arabian Gulf

Names of some .‫ان‬61x=‫ ا‬rI7 ‫>ء‬CP‫ أ‬The United Kingdom

With some time 1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫[ ا‬07>Ia=‫ ا‬rI7 VW at the weekend

‫ا ا ــــــــــ ا‬

Consonant Letters -_‫ا=[وف ا=?>آ‬

Vowels Letters -‫[آ‬aC=‫ا=[وف ا‬

Interjection ‫>ت‬0l ‫ات أو‬Fl‫ أ‬pY ‫>رة‬xY F‫ ه‬Alas!

‫ ا=_<[ة‬Pk‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫م‬6£a?q This is an apple.

‫ي‬Faq ‫ وأن‬67k -./01234‫ ا‬-1C2=‫>=آ[ أن ا‬7 [.62=‫ا‬

Simple Sentences -0?7 BC

Compound Sentences -x‫[آ‬W BC

Complex Sentences ‫ة‬6zIW BC

:-0?7 ‫ة‬6|‫ وا‬-1C ‫ن‬F<_= p0a1C2=‫ ا‬w7‫ ر‬p<C.

and: >CdI7 p07 -@;Y >C= p0a1C w7[q: >H7‫واو ا‬

or: ‫>ر‬0¡ >C0J ‫ن‬F<. p0a1C w7[q: ‫أو‬

Main Clause -0P>P‫ أ‬-1C

:‫اع‬F3‫ أ‬-¦;¦ t‫ وه‬Subordinate Clause -.F3>¦ -1C

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

tJ a3‫ وا‬B{| ‫ء‬t pY [0xIa1= ti>C=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

.-a7>¦ c>z| ‫>دات أو‬Y pY [0xIa1= ‫>رع‬dC=‫ ا‬-\0l ‫م‬6£a?3

.BIh=‫ ها ا‬6I7 not Vd3 N1C. BIJ VW th3 p.F<a=

‫>ص‬£‫أ‬ People man, father, teacher, neighbor, …

: x&‫ ا‬BC~‫ ا‬E 4 o!? S‫ء اآ‬C&‫ا‬

‫>ء‬CP8‫ ا‬Bx@ an ‫أو‬ a ‫ام‬6£aP‫ ا‬V0a?q k

‫ودة‬$7‫ء ا ا‬C&‫ ا‬V= ً‫ا‬$=

: -‫[آ‬aC=‫ ا=[وف ا‬Vowels

A noun that is the only pW 6F. k ‫ ا=ي‬Pk‫ ا‬The river Nile

Names of rivers, seas, ‫>ر و‬38‫>ء ا‬CP‫ أ‬The Arabian Gulf

With some time 1Y -=‫ا‬6=‫[ ا‬07>Ia=‫ ا‬rI7 VW at the weekend

– for emphasize 60‫آ‬a1=

.rIx7 >dI7 BC2=‫ ا‬w7[= BlF=‫[ ا‬c>Ci ‫م‬6£a?q

.>I@FW pY ©x3 ¦ -03>§=‫ ا‬-1C2=‫ ا‬tJ ‫<[رة‬aW -C1‫ آ‬pY ©x3 -1

‫ و‬B@>I=‫ ا‬f7 ‫ل‬FIhC=‫ أو ا‬BY>h=‫ ا‬BW Ba= that BCIa?q

:t=>a=‫§>ل ا‬C=‫| ا‬k .-0<1C1= whose BCIa?q

: does ‫م‬6£a?3 s f7 ‫>رع ا=ي‬dC=‫ ا‬BIh=‫ ا‬VW (2

.th_=‫ ا=?®ال و ا‬VW >q‫ا‬F¡‫و أ‬ any ‫م‬6£a?q‫و‬

1. Present Simple Tense S‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬

.c>z=‫رات و ا‬6z=‫ و ا‬60=>za=‫>دات و ا‬I=‫ ا‬pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.

2. Past Simple Tense S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬

.ti>C=‫ ا‬tJ V@‫ث و‬6| pY [0xIa1= pW/=‫م ها ا‬6£a?.

2. Past Simple Tense S‫ ا‬e@‫ا‬

tomorrow ً‫ا‬6 next ‫>دم‬z=‫ا‬ in the future Bxza?C=‫ ا‬tJ

3. Future Simple Tense S‫ ا‬6Sz ‫ا‬

listen VCaP‫ا‬ at the present time [i>=‫@ ا‬F=‫ ا‬tJ

wish _Ca. hate ¢[<. dislike ¢[<. feel [I.

hope BW. hear VC?. think 6zaI. seem ‫و‬6x.

appear [~. fear £. consider [xaI. fit P>_.

believe ‫ق‬6{. trust §. understand h.

at pW/1= 6_Y by ‫ل‬F17 in ‫ن‬Fd tJ

from…to =‫إ‬..pW all V0C، B‫ آ‬after 6I7

7. 4. Present Continuous Tense‫م‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬

since _W for ‫ة‬6C= just Fa=‫ ا‬tJ

: B§W ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬VW ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ ها ا‬tq.

after _W before ‫ة‬6C=

which ‫ ا»ن‬a| as soon as 678‫ ا‬tJ

: B§W ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬VW ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ ها ا‬tq.

4. Present Continuous Tensez ‫م ا‬z‫رع ا‬g‫ا‬

: B§W ‫>ت‬C1‫ آ‬VW ‫>دة‬Y pW/=‫ ها ا‬tq.

for ‫ة‬6C= since _W

Tell someone what to do f1Ih0P >W °£ ‫>ر‬x¡‫إ‬