Mineral yang terdapat dialam ada yang merupakan unsur bebas, ada pula yang merupakan

gabungan dari beberapa unsur yaitu berupa senyawa:

Mineral sebagai unsur kimia bebas (native element), misalnya yaitu :
Cu = Cuprum = Copper = tembaga
Au = Aurum = Gold = emas
Pt = Platinum = Platina
S = Sulphur = Sulfur = belerang
C = Carbon = Diamont = intan
C = Carbon = Graphite = grafit
Mineral sebagai senyawa dapat digolongkan menjadi beberapa macam, yaitu
1. Sulfida
Cu2S = Chalcocite = Kalkosite
Fe S2 = Pyrite = Pirit
Cu FeS2 = Chalcophyrite = kalkopirit
Cu Co2S4 = Carrolite = karolit
Ag2 S = Argentite
Pb S = Galena
Zn S = Sphalerite = sfalerite
= Zincblende
Hg S = Sinabar
2. Halida :
Na Cl = Halite = Halit
KCl = Silvite = Silfit
KCl Mg Cl2 6H2O = Carnalite = Karnalite
Na3AlF6 = Kryollite = Kriolit
Ag CL = Serargirit
Ca F2 = Flourite = Flourit
3. Oksida
Si O2 = Quartz = Kuarts
Si O2 = Chalcedony = Kalsedon
Si O2 ( H2O) x = Opal
Al2 O3 = Corundum = korundum
Al2 O3 2 H2O = Bauxite = Bauksite
Sn O2 = Cssiterite = Kasiterit
Fe2 O3 = Hematite = Hematit
4. Hidroksida
Mg ( OH)2 = Bruchite = brukit
MnO (OH) = Manganite = mangan
AlO (OH) = Diaspore
FeO ( OH) = Geothite = Geotit
FeO (OH) nH2O = Limonite
5. Karbonat
CaCO3 = Calsite = kalsit
Ca CO3 = Aragonite = aragonit
Ca CO3 Mg CO3 = Ca Mg (CO3)2 = dolomite
6. Nitrat
Na NO3 = Soda Nitrat = Natrium Nitrat
KNO3 = Kalium Nitrat = Potasium Nitrat
7. Pospat
Ca5 (P.Cl.OH) (PO4)3 = Apatite = Apatit
Ca3 (PO4)3 = Phosphorite = Fosforite
Fe3 (PO4)3 5 H2O = Vivianite = vivianit
Li Al F PO4 = Ambligonite = Ambligonit
8. Sulfat
Ba5 SO4 = Barite = Barit
Ca SO4 = Anhidrite = Anhidrit
Ca5 SO42H2O = Gypsum = Gipsum
K Al3 (OH)3 (SO4)2 = Alunite = Alunit
9. Silikat :
Non Ferromagnesian silicate
a). Calc.Alkali Feldsfar ( Ca/Na Feldspar) = Plagioclase =plagioklas
a. Ca (Al 2 Si 2 O8 = Anorthite = An 10- Ab1An9
b. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Bytownite = Ab 1 An9 - Ab3 An7
c. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Labradorite = Ab3 An7 - Ab5 An5
d. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Andesin = Ab5 An9 - Ab7 An3
e. Ca, Na (Al 2 Si 2 O8 ) = Oligoclase = Ab7 An3 - Ab9 An1
f. Na Al 2 Si 3 O8 = Albite = Ab10 - Ab3 An1
b. Alkali Feldspar ( K. Na Feldspar)
a. K Al Si 3 O8 = Orthoclase = Artoklas
( K, Na) Al Si 3 O8)
b. ( K, Na) Al Si 3 O8 = Sanidine = Sanidin
c. K Al Si 3 O8 = Microline = mikrolin
d. ( Na, K) Al Si 3 O8 = Anorthoclase = Anortoklas
c). Mika Putih
K Al3 Si 3 O10 ( OHF)2 = Muscovite = Muskovit
Ferromagnesian silicate
(Mg. Fe )2 Si O4 = Olivin
Ca( Mg.Fe) (Si O3)2 [ ( Al, Fe )2O3 ]x = pyroxene = piroksen
Ca( Mg.Fe Al)5 ( OH)2 (Si. Al )4 O11I2 =Hornblende
K2( Mg.Fe)2 ( OH)2 (Al Si 3 O10) = Biotote =Biotit = Mika Hitam