Allowable wind loads for API derricks are specified in two

ways, with or without pipe setback.

With pipe setback, the wind may be blowing perpendicular to
it, which is essentially a pipe wall. This is the worst possible
condition.

Wind loads are calculated by the formula:
P = 0.004V
2

where P = wind load, lb/ft
2

V = wind velocity, mph

Calculation of Derrick Loads

The block and tackle arrangement for a rotary rig is shown in
Figure 4. Assuming that the system is frictionless, the
following relationship are apparent:
W
n
2 n
F
d




where Fd = total compressive load on the derick

The basic drilling components are:
1. Derrick, mast and substructures
2. Drawworks
3. Mud pumps
4. Prime movers
5. The drill string
6. Bits
7. Drilling line
8. Miscellaneous and auxiliary equipment

Derrick, mast and substructures

The function of a derrick is to provide the vertical clearance
necessary to the raising and lowering of the drill string into
and out of the hole during the drilling operations.

Derricks are rated according to their ability to withstand two
types of loading:
1. Compressive loads
2. Wind loads
The allowable compressive load of a derrick is computed as
the sum of the strengths of the four legs. Derricks with load
capacities from approximately 86,000 to 1,400,000 lb,
depending on steel grade and leg size are availableThe bit is
fastened to, and rotated by, a drill string, composed of high
quality drill pipe and drill collars, with new sections or joints
being added as drilling progresses.

The cuttings are lifted from the hole by the drilling fluid
which continuously circulated down the inside of the drill
string through water courses or nozzles in the bit, and upward
in annular space between the drill pipe and bore hole.

At the surface, the returning fluid (mud) is diverted through
shale shakers, desilters, desanders and series of tanks or pits
which treat the fluid. In the last of these pits the mud is
picked up by the pump suction and repeats the cycle. Figure 1
shows the basic components of a rotary drilling rig.