Matter

Chemistry Study of matter and the changes

it undergoes
Matter is anything that occupies space and
has mass (everything in the universe has a
chemical connection)
Matter can be classified according to its
composition and properties

Matter Classification
Substances
Mixtures
Elements
Compounds
Atoms
Molecules
Substances
Substance is a form of matter that has a
definite composition and distinct properties
They can be identified based on their smell,
appearance, taste and other properties
Examples:
Water
Table sugar
Oxygen
Gold
Mixture
Mixture is a combination of two or more
substances in which the substances retain
their distinct identities.
Do not have constant composition
Examples:
Air (different cities have different composition
depending on the altitude and pollution)
Soft drinks,
Milk
Cement

Mixture
Homogeneous mixtures: the
composition of the mixture is the
same throughout.
Example sugar dissolved in water

Heterogeneous mixtures: the
composition is not uniform
Example sand and iron fillings
Image taken from: http://www.arborsci.com/cool/exploring-
matter-chemistry-demonstrations
Image taken from:
http://www.acs.org/content/acs/en/pressroom/presspacs/2011
/acs-presspac-november-9-2011/weird-world-of-water-gets-a-
little-weirder.html
Elements
Substances can be either elements or
compounds

Element a substance that cannot be
separated into simpler substances by chemical
means.
For convenience chemists use symbols of one
or two letters to represent elements, the first
letter is always capitalized but any following
letters are not
Compounds
Compound substance composed of atoms of
two or more elements chemically united in
fixed proportions
H
2
and O
2
are burnt and produce water, water
is always going to be two hydrogen for every
oxygen H
2
O, independently from where the
water comes from
Unlike mixtures compounds can be separated
only by chemical means into their pure
components
Classification of Matter
Matter
Mixtures
Homogeneous Heterogenenous
Pure Substances
Compounds Elements
Separation by
physical methods
Separation by
chemical methods