Faculty Loading Scheduling Page 1

CHAPTER II
INTRODUCTION
This chapter introduces the content to the review of Related Literature and
Studies of the proposed system. This includes all the Faculty Loading Scheduling (FLS)
related information. It describes the previous works done by different researchers.
Review on Related Literature is a foreign and local literature that has been done by
successful researchers and IT pioneers. Review on the Related Studies is a foreign and
local studies that has been done can by previous researchers who has develop the
other schools and other researchers who conducted study to the said system. By this,
the group can be guided in developing the same system which is needed to be polished
and to be more enhanced.
1. Related literature
1.1. Foreign Literature
North Carolina State University
According to NCSU, the administration uses CAL FTE to examine relative
teaching loads between departments and to redress situations where there are
imbalances. The CAL FTE for each academic unit is divided by a university wide
constant that normalizes this weighted sum for the University to the budgeted
FTE that is computed as discussed previously. For the two semesters of 1992,
the constant ranged between 330 and 430. Note that CAL FTE acknowledges
the significant faculty time commitment required for graduate education.
Faculty appointments adhere to the criteria for appointment that are given
in the NCSU Faculty Handbook. The fall 1992 Office of Civil Rights report (by the
Provost's Office) of faculty qualifications shows that of instructional faculty
(tenure-track only) 1,326 faculty members (97 percent) hold the terminal degree
and 3 percent hold other degrees. Clearly, the University seeks to appoint faculty
members with the highest degree of academic achievement and potential for
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teaching and continuing academic achievement. An examination of the
curriculum vitae of faculty shows that the faculty is distinguished by members
who are nationally and internationally recognized. Honors and citations of faculty
members' work abound, as would be expected in an institution with graduate
programs.
The initial responsibility for recommendations regarding selection of
faculty rests with the University's academic departments. In addition to outlining
University requirements, the NCSU Faculty Handbook prescribes duties of
department heads with respect to personnel criteria and procedures: "All
department heads shall review for their faculty at least once each year all criteria
and procedures which do or may affect departmental personnel actions. In the
event there are or may come to be criteria or procedures affecting personnel
recommendations used in a department or college, which are in addition to
University policies and procedures, these shall be in writing, as approved by the
Dean and the Provost, with copies available to all faculty members concerned"
Source: http://www.ncsu.edu/ncsu/univ_eval/ch08/a8facult_p1.html
Northeastern State University
According to NSU, full-time faculty have instructional and non-instructional
duties as assigned by the University. Instructional duties include but are not
limited to the teaching of assigned classes, evaluating the students in the
classes, and meeting with those students who require assistance in their classes.
Non-instructional duties include but are not limited to conducting research and
other scholarly activity, advising students, serving on committees, sponsoring
organizations, and participating in professional organizations. A full-time faculty
member should generally carry an instructional load of twelve (12) to thirteen and
one-half (13.5) hours per semester and a non-instructional equivalent load of four
and one-half (4.5) to six (6) hours per semester so the full-time load would be the
equivalent of eighteen (18) hours per semester. (RUSO, 3.1.7)
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Each full time, teaching faculty member is expected to keep eight (8) office
hours per week during regular semesters and five (5) per week in the summer
term. Office hours are times set aside for faculty members to communicate with
students, advisees, and colleagues as well as complete administrative duties.
For classes that meet once per week, it is highly recommended that one of the
office hours be scheduled before or after that class on the campus where the
class is held. At least one of these hours shall be scheduled each weekday that
faculty have teaching responsibilities unless University commitments off campus
prohibit it. Exceptions must be approved by department chairs. Part-time faculty,
or full-time faculty with University obligations other than teaching, will keep a
number of office hours proportional to their teaching load. Faculty teaching online
classes may maintain a proportional amount of their required office hours online.
To qualify as an online office hour faculty must be immediately available to their
students at a regularly scheduled time. Faculty with reassigned time from
teaching provided through a NSU Faculty Research Grant are full-time and,
hence, will maintain hours indicated above, but may be authorized to maintain a
more flexible weekly schedule. Once a faculty member has established an office
hour schedule for a semester, s/he will send the schedule to his/her dean who
will forward the information to the Provost/Vice President for Academic Affairs.
Faculty who are assigned as resident status at Broken Arrow or Muskogee
campus will also send one copy of their office hour card to the respective campus
academic affairs/administrative office. (Approved by Faculty Council, April 3,
2009; approved by Dalton Bigbee, VPAA).
Source:
http://offices.nsuok.edu/academicaffairs/FacultyHandbook/40FullTimeFacultyWor
kLoad.aspx
Montclair State University
According to Article XII of the State Master Contract of MSU, the basic
academic year teaching load is 24 teaching credit hours. All overloads are
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voluntary, and overload rates are paid for all voluntary teaching assignments
beyond 24 teaching credit hours. No faculty member may be assigned more than
15 teaching credit hours per semester within load. A teaching assignment may
not require more than three different course preparations in any semester.
Voluntary teaching assignments for extra compensation in any academic year
shall not exceed 6 semester hours or 2 courses, whichever is greater. This
applies to normal semesters only, not to summer or any intersession. Overload
compensation is negotiable and the amount is delineated under Article XII of the
State Master Contract.
Teaching load may not exceed six semester hours during the May/June
six-week period ending June 30. Also, faculty teaching load is limited to one (1)
three-semester-hour course taught in the three-week pre-session or one (1) four-
semester-hour course taught in the four-week pre-session during May/June and
one (1) three-semester-hour course taught in the three-week post-session in
August.

In addition, up to four courses may be taught, to a maximum of ten (10) semester
hours within the four-course limitation, over any combination of the remaining
sessions that extend beyond the May/June six-week period ending June 30. No
more than five (5) semester hours may be taught within any four-week session.
Source:http://www.montclair.edu/provost/faculty-handbook/personnel/faculty-
load/#top
City College of New York
According to CCNY, new untenured faculty hired on September 1, 2006 or
later must be released from 24 contact hours in their first 5 years of employment.
In the fourth or fifth year, 9 of these hours may be collected in a single semester
in order to secure a release from teaching for that semester, subject to the
approval of the Chair and the President.
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The teaching load includes released-time assigned to an individual and
approved by the Dean and the Provost. Employees on the teaching staff shall not
be required to teach an excessive number of contact hours, assume an
excessive student load, or be assigned an unreasonable schedule. The teaching
staff has the obligation, among others, to be available to students, to assume
normal committee assignments, and to engage in research and community
service.
In order to avoid loss of hours due to scheduling difficulties, the annual
workload shall be managed over a three-year period. The intent of this provision
is to ensure that classroom contact hours, under-scheduled or over-scheduled in
one year because the courses assigned to the faculty member do not permit an
exact correspondence with the stated workload, may be added or subtracted in a
subsequent year within a three-year period. Calculated as a running average
over the three-year period, the average annual teaching contact hour workload of
every faculty member shall equal the number of hours specified above.
All teaching assignments and all approved released-time hours must be
reported and recorded for the semester in which they occur. Faculty members
should not bank workloads in excess of the required limit (overload) to be used
for future released-time. The accumulation of fractional contact hours resulting
from thesis supervision or similar mentoring activity does not count as banking.
Source: http://www.ccny.cuny.edu/academicaffairs/upload/WorkloadGuidelines-
December-6-2011-1.pdf
Auburn University
The University recognizes the impossibility of creating a teaching load
formula that would be applicable to the complex academic programs embraced
by the various colleges, schools, and departments. Considerable flexibility is
given to the individual department head, in consultation with the dean, in
assigning faculty workloads to meet the departments instructional, research, and
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public service commitments. Faculty workloads are regularly reported to the
provost and are utilized by the central administration of the University in
budgetary management of the academic program.
Although there is no set teaching load formula at the University level,
normally every attempt is made to give appropriate reduction in the classroom
assignments of those faculties who are significantly engaged in research,
graduate teaching, the direction of graduate student theses, or University service.
Such reduction should be applied equitably to all eligible faculty. However, the
University believes it is important that senior faculty who have distinguished
themselves through research and publication be directly involved in
undergraduate teaching.
Source:http://www.auburn.edu/academic/provost/facultyHandbook/chapter%204-
Instruction.html#teachingloads
1.2 Local Literature
University of the Philippines
According to the UP Diliman Faculty Manual, a normal teaching load of 12
units per semester or its equivalent in colleges or units observing the trimester or other
systems shall be required of each faculty member; Provided , that no member of the faculty
shall teach less than six (6) units per semester; Provided, further, that the President or
Chancellor may reduce the teaching load to not less than three (3) units per semester of any
faculty member who is actively engaged in research/creative work, community service, and/or
other authorized activities; Provided, finally, that no faculty member shall be allowed an
aggregate teaching load of more than 36 course credit units for the first and second semesters
of any given academic year, including authorized teaching outside the University of the
Philippines System, unless otherwise given prior authorization by the President or Chancellor
due to exceptional circumstances.
In general, an undergraduate class is opened when there are at least 10 students. Any
exception to this rule must have the approval of the Chancellor on or before the last day
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of registration. While small classes might be best for academic reasons, the reality of budget
constraints dictate that as much as possible small classes should be avoided or offered only
once a year. In the computation of teaching load, at least 16 hours, evenly distributed
throughout the term, devoted to lecture, discussion, or recitation, or to any combination of
these, or at least 32 hours supervision of laboratory work, field work, or related student activity,
shall be credited as one unit of teaching load; Provided , that in exceptional cases, the
President or Chancellor, in his/her discretion, may consider at least 24 hours of laboratory or
similar work as the equivalent of one unit of teaching load. A faculty member who combines,
merges, or meets two or more sections as one class shall be credited for teaching one section
only.
In general, a graduate class is opened when there are at least five students. Any
exception to this rule must have the approval of the Chancellor on or before the last day of
registration. In all cases, it is understood that only officially registered graduate students, fully
paid as of the last day of late registration, shall be counted. Auditors or sit-ins shall not be
counted. A faculty member who combines, merges or meets two or more sections as one
class shall be credited for teaching one section only. Thesis advising shall not be given any
teaching load credit but shall be given honorarium in accordance with University rules and
regulations
Source:
http://www.academia.edu/2463092/University_of_the_Philippines_Diliman_Facult
y_Manual
2 Analyses
3 Syntheses
Based on proponents researches about local and foreign related
literature, having a Faculty Loading Scheduling Information System is very useful
in every school because it easy to give a schedule on each instructor and also it
lessen the time consuming and it avoid their experiencing problem before.
Therefore each of us will have more idea and knowledge to make our proposed
system more useful and effective and also time bounded than their system.