A CASE STUDY ON URETEROLITHIASIS

B. Pathophysiology Diagram















A CASE STUDY ON URETEROLITHIASIS





B. Pathophysiology Diagram















PREDISPOSING FACTORS:
Age: >40 years old


PRECIPITATING FACTORS
Diet: increase intake of purine
rich food
Fluid intake: decrease fluid intake


Uric acid, ammonia, phosphate, and
calcium oxalate stone deposition on
proximal renal tubule
Supersaturation of stone
forming constituents
Nidation of crystals of
foreign bodies from
supersaturated urine
Nephrocalcinosis on
proximal tubule
Progression of stone to
the loop of henle
Accumulation of stones
increasing in size
Low back
pain
Dysuria
A CASE STUDY ON URETEROLITHIASIS





















Blood vessel wall surface
erosion
Stone formation in the
kidneys
Stone descends in the
ureters
Aggregation occurs to
form large stones
Blockage of the ureters
Increase intra-ureteral
contraction
Urethral walls became
seriously stretched
Increase size of stone in
the kidneys
Stone matrix progression
Urinary calculus Slow passage of urine
Abdominal spasm
Lower abdominal
pain
Flank pain radiating from
the thighs to the
genitalia, 7/10 pain scale,
facial grimace (+)
Oliguria: 350 cc/day
A CASE STUDY ON URETEROLITHIASIS





















Loses the ability to
undergo peristaltic
contraction
Bleeding og urethral
walls
Invasion of bacteria
Infection caused bu urea
splitting bacteria
microorganism
Scarring of
urethral walls
Statsis of urine
Formation of stone in the
ureter/bladder
Increased leukocyte
Fever (38.0
degrees Celsius),
shivering
Pyuria
A CASE STUDY ON URETEROLITHIASIS






Decreased
erythropoietin
Decreased RBC
Renal failure
Increased SNS response
r/t dysfunction of
autonomic nervous
system
Increased RAAS
Increased viscosity of
blood
Increased cardiac
workload
Cardiac arrest
Death