ENVE 303

UNIT OPERATIONS AND PROCESSES OF WATER TREATMENT

FALL 2013-2014
TUTORIAL 3


1. A water treatment facility uses ferric chloride as a coagulant. The natural alkalinity of water is
20 mg/l as CaCO
3
and 14,5 mg/l of slacked lime as CaO is used additionally to prevent exhaust
of alkalinity. Determine how much ferric chloride is used to the treat water by the facility.

2. A water treatment facility has been using 12 mg/L of alum to be dosed in coagulation tank.
New manager of the facility asked for chemical substitution and requested usage of ferric
chloride, instead of alum, without changing the dose. Please compute the changes in
parameters below, to help technicians about new operating conditions.
a. Alkalinity consumption as (CaCO
3
)
b. Production of (CO
2
)
c. Required lime amount to offset the coagulant (as Ca(OH)
2
)

3. For a water treatment plant ferric sulfate (Fe
2
(SO
4
)
3
) is to be added as 40 mg/l. Assuming
sufficient alkalinity is present in water as Ca (HCO
3
)
2
determine the total mass of solidsin the
tank assuming suspended solid concentration in water is 20 mg/l and the water flow of the
treatment plant is 10000 m
3
/d.

4. A crossflow, horizontal shaft, paddle-wheel flocculation basin with 5 m depth,9.6 m width
and 22 m length is designed for a water treatment plant. Detention time of the basin is 45
min. In the tank, there are three horizontal shafts with four paddles (for each shaft) with a
rotating speed of 2.2 rpm. . Each paddle blade is 0.2 m wide and 9 m long and the centerline
of the paddles is 1.5 m from the shaft.

Determine:

a) Flow of the tank
b) Velocity of paddles
c) Drag force of the paddles (C
D
= 1.9,
water
= 1000 kg/m
3
, V= 0.7*Vp)
d) The power input required
e) G and GT value (at 10 C
water
= 1.30710
-3
Pa.s)

5. During the coagulation test, with particles having the diameter of 2.8 m, does orthokinetic
or perikinetic flocculation predominate? Note that 10/sec of G is observed in the solution at
25
0
C.