2

Md;kPfKk; tpOkpaq Md;kPfKk; tpOkpaq Md;kPfKk; tpOkpaq Md;kPfKk; tpOkpaq; ;; ;fSk fSk fSk fSk; ;; ;
(fl;Liuj; njhFg;G)















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fhiujPT











ntspaPL
kyufk;
eluh[hde;jh tPjp>
fhiujPT 02
3




jiyg;G : Md;kPfKk; tpOkpaq;fSk;

Mrpupau; : ,uh.fpU\;zgps;is (,uhfp)

tif : fl;Liu

tpyhrk; : eluh[hde;jhtPjp> fhiujPT-02
067-2224087

gjpg;G : kyufk;> fhiujPT-02

mr;R : epJ]; Xg;nrw; mr;rfk;>
fhiujPT-12
















4
Kd;Diu Kd;Diu Kd;Diu Kd;Diu


ek;kdjpy; kiwe;J fplf;Fk; ey;y tpOkpaq;fisAk;> nja; tPf
czh;Tfisj; J}z;Lk; rpe;jidfisAk; NkNyhq;fr; nra;Ak;
KfkhfNt ,e;E}ypy; cs;s fl;Liufs; vOjg;gl;ld. rkak;
rhh;e;jjhfTk;> r%fk; rhh;e;jjhfTk; mikag;gl;Ls;sd.
,f;fl;Liufs; Kw;WKOjhf vd; rpe;jidapy;
kyh;e;jitay;y. ehd; gbj;J> Nfl;L> mwpe;j gy tplaq;fspd;
ntspg;ghNl MFk;.

,e;E}ypy; cs;s gj;njhd;gJ fl;LiufSs; mwf;fUj;ij
mbg;gilahff; nfhz;l fl;LiufSk;> kdpj tpOkpaq;fis
kyuitf;Fk; fl;LiufSk; ngUk;ghd;ikahf
,lk;ngw;Ws;sd.

,f;fl;Liufs; thrfh;fspd; kdq;fspNy Xh; <h;g;ig
Vw;gLj;Jkhapd; mJNt vdJ vOj;Jf;F fpilj;j
mq;fPfhukhff; fUJNtd;. Rpy fl;Liufs; gj;jpupiffspYk;>
kyh;fspYk; ntspte;jit. ,J vdJ %d;whtJ gilg;ghFk;.
vdJ KjypU E}y;fSf;Fk; mspj;j Mjuitg;Nghd;W
,f;fl;Liu E}Yf;Fk; fpilf;Fnkd ek;GfpNwd;.

,e;E}ypd; fl;Liufisj; njhFg;gjw;Fk;> fUj;J> vOj;Jg;
gpiofisj; jpUj;Jtjw;Fk; cldpUe;J cjtpa vdJ kfd;
fp.,sk;FKjd; mth;fSf;F vd;Wk; ed;wpAilNad;. NkYk;
rpwe;jKiwapy; ,e;E}iy mr;rpl;Ljtpa fhiujPT epJ];
xg;nrw; mr;rfj;jpw;Fk; mjd; cupikahsh; kh.G];gehjd;
mth;fSf;Fk; thrfg; ngUkf;fSf;Fk; vdJ csk; fdpe;j
ed;wpfs;.


fhiujPT -02 Mrpupah;
njh. Ng. ,y: 067 2224087 ,uhfp

5


nghUslf;fk; nghUslf;fk; nghUslf;fk; nghUslf;fk;


,y. fl;Liu

1. tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk; Guhzq;fs;
2. gf;jpf;F tpj;jpl;l ghitau;
3. kNfrdpd; kdk; ftu;e;jtu;
,aw;gifahuh? rpWj;njhz;luh?
4. Xk; czu;j;Jk; cz;ikg; nghUs;
5. xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd;
6. ngupa GuhzKk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfSk;
7. irtk; tpsf;Fk; rhd;Wfs;
8. fiykfSk; fUg;nghUs;fSk;
9. ghujp fz;l rf;jp
10. ehtyUk; tpGyhde;jUk;
11. Njrpa czu;r;rpAk; ftpijfSk;
12. ngz;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk;
13. Nghijt];Jfs;
14. Rdhkp je;j tLf;fs;
15. jw;fhy r%f mopTfs;
16. kf;fs; njhlu;ghlYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk;
17. Nkhjiy tpLj;J vjpu;fhyj;ij
Nehf;FNthk;
18. mdu;j;jq;fspd;NghJ Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; gq;F
19. kdpjhgpkhd tpOkpaq;fSk;
epiwthd kdpju;fSk;

6
tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk; Guhzq;fs; tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk; Guhzq;fs; tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk; Guhzq;fs; tho;f;iff;F topfhl;Lk; Guhzq;fs;


gz;ilf; fhyk; njhl;L ,w;iwf; fhyk; tiu kdpj tho;tpw;F
gytifapYk; Guhzq;fs; topfhl;b te;Js;sd. ,iwNahL
njhlu;Gs;s fijtbtq;fshff; fhzg;gl;lNghjpYk;> kdpj
Nkk;ghl;bw;Fupa newpfis cs;slf;fpadthfNt fhzg;gLfpd;wd.
flik> ePjp> ju;kk; Mfpatw;iwg; Nghjpf;fpd;w ,jpfhrq;fshd
,uhkhazk;> kfhghujk; Nghd;w fhtpaq;fs;$l Guhzf;fijfis
ifahz;litahfNt njupfpd;wd. mu;j;j rh];jpuj;ij vkf;fspj;j
nfsby;au; Guhzq;fs; fp.K. 4k; E}w;whz;L fhyfl;lj;jpy;
muru;fs;> Md;Nwu;fshy; Nghw;wg;gl;L te;Js;sd vd;W Rl;bf;
fhl;bAs;shu;.

tho;f;ifapd; gy;NtW gUtq;fspYk; vjpu;fhy epfo;Tfspw;F
Guhzq;fs; ce;J rf;jpahfj; jpfo;fpd;wd. ghyu; Kjy; Kjpatu;
tiu mtutu; tajpw;Nfw;g mwpTiufSk;> topfhl;ly;fSk;
Guhzq;fspy; Gije;J fplg;gij ahUk; kWf;fKbahJ. Mrhu
newpKiwfSk;> tuyhw;Wr; rhd;WfSk;$l Guhzq;fshy;
Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

Kjypy; Guhzq;fs; vd;why; vd;d? vd;gijAk;> mjd; Njhw;wk;>
tsu;r;rp gw;wpAk; Nehf;FNthk;. Guhzq;fs; vd;gjw;F kpfg;gioa
tuyhw;Wr; rpd;dq;fs; vd;gJ nghUshFk;. Guhzq;fs; fhyj;jpw;F
Vw;g tise;J nfhLf;ff;$ba nefpo;r;rp ciladthFk;.
mjdhy;jhd; Ntjhe;j fhyj;jpNy Njhd;wpa Guhzq;fs; etPd
,f;fhyk; tiu mopahky; tsu;e;J Nt&d;wpAs;sd. kdpj
gz;ghl;bd; RtLfshff; nfhs;sf;$ba Guhzq;fs; ghku kf;fspd;
Njitfspw;Nfw;g fl;Lf; fijfNshL nka;k;ikr; rk;gtq;fisAk;
fye;J $Wk; GJikahd ,jpfhrq;fshFk;. gf;jp newpiaAk;
itjPf rkaq;fspd; tsu;r;rpiaAk; kl;Lk; vLj;Njhjhky; fiy>
,yf;fpak;> murpay;> r%fk;> tuyhW> jj;Jtk;> jUkk; Nghd;w
,d;Ndhud;d JiwfisAk; tpgupf;fpd;wd.

mtjhu GUlu;fspd; tho;f;if newpfisAk; mtw;wpd;%yk; cyf
gbg;gpidiaAk; njspthf vLj;Jf;$Wk; ,g; Guhzq;fs; gy;fiy
E}y;fshfTk; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wd. ];uPkj; ghftjk; Guhzq;fs;
Ie;jhk; Ntjkhff; nfhs;Sk; rpwg;G tha;e;jit vd;W $Wfpd;wJ.
];uPfhQ;rp fhkNfhb re;jpuNrfu ru];tjp Rthkpatu;fs;
Guhzq;fspYs;s fijfistpl jj;Jtq;fisNa kf;fs; ed;F
Gupe;Jnfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk; vd;W Guhzq;fs; gbf;fNtz;ba
mtrpaj;ij typAWj;jpAs;shu;fs;.

7
,Uf;F> aRu; Ntjq;fspy; Guhz ,yf;fpaq;fisg; gw;wp
KOikahff; Fwpg;gplg;glhtpl;lhYk; $l Guhz (goikahdtu;)>
Guhztpj; (goikiag; gug;Ggtu;)> Guhzp (goikiag; gw;wpa
mwpTilatu;) Nghd;w gjq;fs; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,jpypUe;J
Guhzq;fs; mju;tz Ntjfhyk; tiuf;Fk; fl;Lf; fijfshfNt
Ngrg;gl;L te;jpUf;fyhk; vd ek;g ,lKz;L. vdNt Mupau;
tUiff;F Kd;Ng fl;Lf; fijfshfg; Ngrg;gl;L te;j Guhzq;fs;
gpd;du; tlnkhop ,yf;fpakhf tsu;r;rpaile;jpUf;fyhnkd;W
epWtf;$bajhf cs;sJ. RUf;fkhfr; nrhy;yNtz;Lkhdhy;
Guhzq;fis ,e;Jrkaj;jpd; iggps;fs; vd;W $wyhk;.

tlnkhopg; Guhz tsu;r;rpapid mbnahw;wpNa jkpopy; Guhzq;fs;
tsu;r;rpaile;jpUf;fyhk;. ,Ug;gpDk;> tlnkhopg; Guhzq;fisj;
jOt Kd;Ng Ntjfhyj;ijg; Nghd;W Guhzf; fijfs; jkpopYk;
ehNlhbg; ghly;fshfTk;> fijg; ghly;fshfTk; toq;fg;gl;L
te;Js;sd vd;gijg; Guhz Ma;thsu;fs; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;sdu; .

NguwpQu; fp.th.n[fehjd; mtu;fs; tlnkhopg; Guhzq;fs;
tuyhw;iw kl;Lk; $Wtd. jkpo;g; Guhzq;fNsh tuyhw;Wld;
fhtpa ,yf;fzKk; nfhz;lit vd jkpo;g; Guhzq;fspd;
rpwg;gpid vLj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;. jkpo;nkhop eLepiy Ma; thsuhd
jpU.itahGupg;gps;is mtu;fs; rq;ffhy ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Guhz
czu;r;rpAk;> rka czu;r;rpAk; kpFe;Js;sd vd Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;.

jkpo; ,yf;fpaq;fspy; Guhzk; vd;w nrhy; Kjd;Kjypy;
kzpNkfiyf; fhg;gpaj;jpNyNa Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. fp.gp.8k;> 9k;
E}w;whz;Lfspy; Guhzrhuk;> rhe;jp Guhzk; Mfpa Guhz E}y;fs;
vOe;jpUf;fyhk; vd ek;gg;gLfpwJ. rkag; ngupahu;fis itj;J
Guhzq;fs; ghLtJ irdu;fspd; kughftpUe;jJ. ,ijNa ,e;J
rkaj;jtu;fSk; gpd;gw;wpdu; vdyhk;. Nrhou; fhyNk ngUthupahd
Guhzq;fs; jkpopy; vOe;j fhyk; vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. gf;jpg;
ghf;fspd; fhg;gpa tbtkhfNt Guhzq;fs; mike;Js;sd.

tlnkhopg; Guhzq;fspd; mbg;gil mk;rq;fshf Mf;fpahdk;> fjh>
fy;g;g> cghf;fpahdk; vd;w ehd;F gbfs; Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;wd.
Mf;fpahdq;fs; vspa Kiwapy; fij tbtq;fsha; mike;jit.
Ntjq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gLk; Guhzq;fs; Mf;fpahdq;fNs MFk;.
,itNa Guhzq;fspd; Njhw;WthWkhFk;. fjh vd;gJ tlnkhopg;
Guhzq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; Mf;fpahdq;fspd; nka;k;ikr;
rhd;Wfisr; Rl;Lfpd;wd. fy;g;g vd;gjd; nghUs; Cop vd;gjhFk;.
,it ,we;j> vjpu;fhy tu;zidfSld; fijfisf; $Wtd.
cghf;fpahdq;fs; vd;gd Mf;fpahdq;fis tpsf;fTk;>
typikailar; nra;aTk; vOe;jit. Guhzq;fs; gQ;ryl;rzq;fs;
cilaitfshf ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk; vd ghftj Guhzk;
$Wfpd;wJ. ghujg; Nghupw;F Kd;du; cs;s nra;jpfisg; gioa
Guhzq;fs; Fwpg;gpLtjhf Ma;thsu;fs; $Wfpd;wdu;. nghJthf
8
tlnkhopg; Guhzq;fs; : kfhGuhzq;fs; (rkaj;ijg; nghJepiyapw;
NgRtd)> cgGuhzq;fs; (jdpj; nja;tg; guk;gypw;F vOe;jit)>
mjpGuhzq;fs; (gpw;fhyj;jit> jyk;> jPu;j;jk;> tpuk; gw;wpg; NgRtd)
vd %d;W gpupthfg; gpupf;fg;l;Ls;sd

jkpopy; Njhd;wpa Guhzq;fis rkak; rhu;e;jit> rkak; rhuhjit
vd ,uz;lhf tFj;Js;sdu;. rkak; rhu;e;jtw;iw nja;tk;> jyk;>
mbatu; vd %d;W gpupTfSs; mlf;fpdu;. nja;tk;> jyk;> mbatu;
gw;wp vOe;j Guhzq;fs; midj;JNk ekf;F gf;jpnewpapidg;
Gfl;LtjhfTk; mNjNeuj;jpy; tho;f;iff;F topfhl;LtdthAk;
mike;Js;sd.

kf;fsplk; ght> Gz;zpaq;fis tpsf;fp jd;dk;gpf;ifia
tsu;g;gjw;F Guhzq;fs; cjTfpd;wd. mj;Jld; rKjha
Nkk;ghl;bw;F cjTk; tifapy; mwr;rhiyfs; mikj;jy;> epoy;jU
kuq;fs; el;ly;> Rikjhq;fpfis Cd;wy;> fpzWfs; Njhz;Ljy;>
rj;jpuq;fs;> Myaq;fs; fl;ly;> rkak;> ePjp rhu;e;j tpupTiufs;
epfo;j;jy; Nghd;w ,d;wpaikahj Nritfisr; nraw;gLj;jTk;
topNfhypAs;sd.

Nkw;nfhz;L Guhzq;fs; ve;nje;j topfspy; vt;thW kdpj
tho;tpw;F topfhl;Lfpd;wd vd;gij cw;W Nehf;FNthk;. vy;yhg;
Guhzq;fisAk; vLj;J Nehf;fpd; tpuptilAkhifahy; Fwpg;gpl;l
rpy Guhzq;fis vLj;J mtw;Ws;Sk; rpy gFjpfis gUf
Kay;Nthk;.

tlnkhopapypUe;J ngau;f;fg;gl;l fe;jGuhzj;ij vLj;Jg;
ghu;f;Fk;NghJ : gf;jp newpNahL jj;Jtk; rhu;e;j fUj;Jf;fis mJ
vkf;Fg; Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. Kk; kyq;fspd; tbtq;fshd
R+ugj;kd;> rpq;fKfhRud;> jhufhRud; MfpNahiuAk; Qhdrf;jpahd
Ntypidf; nfhz;L Mztk;> fd;kk;> khia Mfpa mk;
Kk;kyq;fisAk; mopj;J mtu;fspw;F mUs; ghypj;j KUfid
gw;wpa tuyhw;iwAk; ,g;Guhzk; vLj;NjhJfpd;wJ. Fw;wk;
nra;jtu;fisj; jpUj;jNtz;LNk jtpu mopf;ff;$lhJ vd;w
kdpjNeaf; fUj;ij typAWj;Jfpd;wJ. R+ugj;kd; KUfdpd; thfdk;
kapyhfTk;> rpq;fKfhRud; nfhw;witapd; thfdk; rpq;fkhfTk;>
jhufhRud; Iadhu; thfdk; ahidahfTk; cUkhw;wk;
nra;ag;gl;ldu;.ty;y FUehjd; vk;ik tUj;JtJ nfhy;yty;y
vd;w jj;Jtk; ,q;Nf tpsf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. Mztk; fisag;gl;L
Gj;jhf;fk; ngWtijf; fe;jGuhzk; vLj;NjhJfpwJ.

jPl;ba fj;jpapy; $u;ghu;f;ff; $lhnjd;gij fhkid vupj;J kPz;Lk;
cUj;njupahj meq;fdhf cUthf;fpa fijapd; %yk; mwpe;J
nfhs;syhky;yth? gf;jp ituhf;fpaj;jpd; %yk; R+ud; ngw;w
mopahtuj;ij Mzt kpFjpahy; ,oe;jijAk;> rptdJ rf;jpahd
Ntydhy; Mztk; mopf;fg;gl;L cUkhwp capu;ngw;wijAk;
9
fijthapyhf mwpe;Jnfhs;tjd;%yk; kd;dpf;Fk; khz;ig khdplu;
mwpe;Jnfhz;lhuy;yth? vdNtjhd; fe;jGuhzk; ntWk; gf;jp fij
vd;W kl;Lky;yhJ tho;f;ifj; jj;Jtk;> itjPf Guhzrhuk; >
irtrpj;jhe;j rhfuk; vd gythWk; Nghw;wg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;E}y;
khDlj;jpd; kPJ gbe;Js;s Kk;ky khRf;fis mfw;wp Mjprq;fuupd;
Vfhd;kthjf; nfhs;ifia vLj;jpak;Gk; gf;jpf; fhtpak; MFk;.

mbatu; Guhztifapy; irtk; rhu;e;J jkpopy; Kjd;Kjypy;
Njhd;wpa Guhzk; ngupaGuhzk;. gf;jp newpNahL$ba tho;f;if
newpf;Nfhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L. mWgj;jp %d;W ehad;khu;fSk;
,iwtd;kPJ nfhz;l Muhj fhjyhy; tho;itNa gf;jpapd;
ghlkhf khw;wp> Mde;jj;ijr; nrhupe;j rupj;jpuk;$Wk; gf;jpr;
Ruq;fk;. ,lk;> nghUs;> fhyk; vLj;jpak;Gfpd;w tuyhw; Wg; gl;lak;.

mg;gbg;gl;l ngupaGuhzj;jpypUe;J ,iwtd;kPJ nfhz;l gf;jpia
ntspg;gLj;Jk; Kfkhf vOe;j ngupNahu;fspd; tuyhw;Wg;
gdpkyu;fs; rpy ....

rpWj;njhz;l ehadhu; rptdbahupd; grpjPu;f;f jd; xNunahU kfid
thshy; mupe;J fwprikj;J mKJ}l;ba fijAk;> ,y;yhik
cs;sNghJk; mWtil nra;j epyj;jpy; cjpu;e;j ney;kzpfshy;
Kioj;J mq;nfhd;Wk; ,q;nfhd;Wkhf tpise;j new;fjpu;fisg;
gpLq;fp muprhf;fp rikj;J mbatu;f;Ff; nfhLj;j ,isahd;Fb
khwehadhu; fijAk; nry;tpUe;Njhk;gp tUtpUe;J ghu;j;jpUg;ghd;
ey;tpUe;J thdj;jtu;f;F vd;w ts;Std; thf;fpw;F Kj;jpiu
gjpj;jJ. nfhLj;jhUf;F Fiwtpy;iy vd;w NgUz;ikia
cyfj;jpw;F vLj;Jf; fhl;baJ.

rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh jho;r;rp cau;r;rp nrhy;yy; ghgk; vd;w
GJikf; ftp ghujpapd; $w;iw md;Nw ,iwtd; jpUtpisahly;fs;
%yk; ngupaGuhzk; vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;sJ. NtLt Fyj;jtuhd
fz;zg;gupd; mR+irahd G+ir Kiwapid mUtUj;j
rptNfhrupahUf;F> fz;fis mk;gpdhy; gpLq;fp ,iwtd;
jpUTUtj;jpy; mg;gpa fz;zg;g ehadhupd; gf;jpapd; Moj;ij
Neupy; tpsf;fp gpwg;ghy; kdpjd; cau;tjpy;iy vd;w cz;ikia
,iwtd; vLj;Jf;fhl;bdhu;. ,NjNghd;W giwau; FLk;gj;jpy;
gpwe;jpUe;Jk; gf;jpapy; jpisj;jtuhd jpUehisg;Nghthu; ehadhiu
jho;e;j Fyj;jpy; gpwe;jtu;fs; Myaj;Jf;Fs;
nry;yf;$lhnjd;wpUe;j mf;fhyj; jiliaj; jfu;f;fr;nra;J
Nfhapy;fSf;Nf Nfhapyhd rpjk;guj;Js; miog;gpj;J mUs;Gupe;j
,iwtd; jpUtpisahly;jhd; vd;Nd?

rptehkk; jupj;J jd;idf; fj;jpahy; Fj;jpf; nfhiynra;a te;j
nfhbatid kd;dpj;J jg;gpg; Nghftpl;l nka;g;nghUs; ehadhu;
njhlf;fk; flikia jtwpd;wp nra;aNtz;Lk; vd;gjw;fhf
10
tWikapYk; kidtpapd; jhypia tpw;W Fq;fpypak; vupj;j
Fq;fpypaf;fya ehadhu;> vz;nza; Cw;wp tpsf;if vupf;fg;
gzkpy;yhj fhuzj;jhy; ePiuNa nea;ahfT+w;wp tpsf;nfupj;j
ekpee;jpabfs; <whf gf;jpNahL> kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik>
tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; jd;ik> flikapy; Ng&f;fk; Nghd;w gy
tho;Tf;Fupa topfhl;ly;fis jk; tho;f;ifapd; %yk; vLj;Jf;
fhl;bAs;s ehadhu;fisg; gw;wp ngupaGuhzk; tpgupf;fpd;wJ.
,tu;fSs; Njthu Kjypfs; KjyhNdhu; fy;Yk; fiuAk; fdpTW
gf;jpg; ghly;fisg; ghbaNjhL kdpj rKjha cau;r;rpf;Fupa
cd;dj gz;GfisAk; gug;gpAs;sdu;.

jpUtpisahly; Guhzj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhz;Nlhkhdhy; tuFz
ghz;badpd; flikAzu;Tk;> jahsrpe;ijAk;> Vkehjdpd; Mzt
mfyYk;> jUkpapd; Nguhirapd; tpguPjKk;> ef;fPuupd; Neu;ikapd;
MoKk;> nrk;kdr; nry;tpapd; Mjutpd;ikiag; Nghf;fYk; Nghd;w
gyjug;gl;l khdpl tpOkpar; rpe;jidfs; mjpy;
vLj;Njhjg;gLfpd;wJ. kf;fis topg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd ,iwtdJ
jpUtpisahly;fs; ,e;E}ypd; gf;jpnewp Cw;whf jpfo;fpd;wd.

khu;f;fz;Nla Guhzj;ij cw;WNehf;Fk;NghJ ngw;Nwhu; kPJ
khu;f;fz;NlaUf;F cs;s gw;WjiyAk;> ek; kjp nfhz;L ,iw
gf;jpahy; tpjpiaAk; nty;yKbAk; vd;w cz;ikiaAk;
czu;e;Jnfhs;s KbfpwJ. ngw;Nwhu; kdk;Nehfhky; ,Ug;gjd;
nghUl;L ,iltplhj Kaw;rp nra;J> gf;jpapd; ngUikapdhy;
gjpdhW taJ kuz fz;lj;ij jhz;b> akdpd; ghrf;fapw;iw
mWj;J gukdpd; ghjk; gw;wpa khu;f;fz;Nlaupd; tuyhW
ekf;nfy;yhk; ey;ynjhU gbg;gpidahFk;.

kjpEl;gjhy; Aj;jkpd;wp %tb epyk;Nfl;L mRuu;fis tpul;Ltpj;j
ghy thkdDk;> je;ijahd ,uzpadpd; mfk;ghtj;ij xLf;fpa
gf;j gpufyhjDk;> khkdhd fk;rdpd; nfh^u rpe;ijiaf;
nfhd;nwhopj;j Foe;ij fz;zDk;> $lNt Jizaha; epd;W
giftu; jilafw;wpa gyuhkDk; itzt ghftj Guhzj;jpy;
rpWtu;fshf te;J rPupa fUj;Jf;fis rpe;jpapUg;gij ehk;
mwpayhk;.

tpehaf Guhzj;jpy; %rpfthfddpd; ngUikiaAk;> f[KfhRud;
Kjyha mRuu;fspd; Mztk; Njhw;W mope;j rk;gtq;fisAk;>
Xq;fhuj;jpd; cl;nghUisAk; ehk; czu;e;J kdjpy; epiyepWj;jp
ngUtho;T ngwyhk;.

mupr;re;jpu Guhzk; ek; tho;tpw;F ngUk; nghf;fprkhFk;. tha;ik>
mfpk;ir> J}a;ik> md;G> <if> tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik>
Kaw;rp> nghWik Nghd;w rPupa fUj;Jf;fis rpwg;Gld; ,g;Guhzk;
vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpd;wJ. tha;ikiaf; fhg;gjw;fhf mupr;re;jpud;
11
Nkw;nfhz;l jtk; rhyr; rpwe;jjhFk;. fztdpd; flik
ntw;wpngwr; nra;a re;jpukjp ngw;w Jd;gk; ngUk; Nts;tpahFk;.

fhiuf;fhyk;ikahu; Guhzk; tpUe;Njhk;Gk; gz;igAk;>
gjpgf;jpiaAk;> nghWikiaAk;> flikapd; kfj;Jtj;ijAk;>
kdTWjpapd; gyhgyidAk;> xOf;f Nkk;ghl;ilAk; cyfpw;F
vLj;Jf;fhl;l gf;jpkhu;f;fj;jpy; cUthd xU GuhzkhFk;.

ehaf;fu; fhyj;jpy; ngUthupahf vOe;j jyGuhzq;fs; %u;j;jp>
jyk;> jPu;j;jk; Mfpatw;wpidr; rpwg;gpg;gNjhL kdpj
csg;ghq;Ffis gz;gl;litfshf khw;wpaikf;fTk; gq;fspg;Gr;
nra;Js;sd. kf;fspd; kdkhw;wk;> kjkhw;wk; vd;gtw;iw jLj;J
gf;jpkhu;f;fj;jpy; mtu;fis nrYj;jp mtw;wpD}L khe;ju; mile;j
rpwg;Gf;fis ,g;Guhzq;fs; vLj;Jf; $Wfpd;wd.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l rpy Fwpg;Gfspd; %yk; Guhzq;fspd; KOikahd
ntspg;ghl;il mwpaKbahJ. ,Ug;gpDk; tho;Tf;F topfhl;lf;$ba
xU rpy epfo;Tfis ehk; fhzf;$bajhf ,Ue;jJ. kdpj
tuyhw;wpy; ,iwAzu;itAk;> r%fj;Jf;fhd rpwe;j gz;GfisAk;
NkNyhq;fr; nra;j ngUik Guhzq;fSf;Nf cz;L vd;gJ
vy;NyhuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l cz;ikahFk;. vdNt
Guhzq;fis ntWk; fl;Lf;fijfs; vd;W xJf;fptplhJ mtw;wpd;
cs;sPLfis czu;e;J gbj;J gadilNthk;.


jpdfud; jpdfud; jpdfud; jpdfud;
07 07 07 07. .. .12 12 12 12. .. .1998 1998 1998 1998 jpq;fl;fpoik jpq;fl;fpoik jpq;fl;fpoik jpq;fl;fpoik

12
gf;jpf;F tpj;jpl;l ghitau; gf;jpf;F tpj;jpl;l ghitau; gf;jpf;F tpj;jpl;l ghitau; gf;jpf;F tpj;jpl;l ghitau;


itjPf kjkhd ,e;Jkjj;jpd; irt> itzt kjq;fspd;
guk;gYf;Fk;> gf;jp newpf;Fk; tYT+l;Lk; ngz;fs; rq;f fhyj;jpYk;
mjw;Fg; gpd;Gk; vj;jidNahNgu; tho;e;jhu;fs;. tho;e;Jnfhz;Lk;
,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; vd;gJ ahtUk; mwpe;j tplakhFk;.

mwptpaypYk;> Ez;fiyfspYk;> Md;kPfj;jpYk; Mz;fNshL
Nghl;baplf;$ba mstpw;F ngz;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.
njhifiag; nghWj;jtiu Fiwthf ,Ue;jhYk;$l epiwtpy;
risj;jtu;fs; my;yu; ehq;fs; vd;W rhjidfs; gy
gilj;Js;sdu;.

rq;f fhyj;Jf;F Kd;G ,iwgf;jpapy; rpwe;Njhq;fpapUe;j
ngz;fisg;gw;wp ehk; vLj;Jf;$w Mjhuq;fs; ,y;yhjpUe;j
NghjpYk; rq;f ,yf;fpaq;fSs; rq;fkkhfhky; jdpg;gl;l tifapy;
mwpaf;$bajhf up\pgj;jpdpfs; gyUk; rjpmDR+ah> rhtpj;jpup>
kjhy]h Nghd;w Gdpijau; gyUk; tho;e;Js;sdu;. ,tu;fs;
vy;yhk; gf;jp kpf;ftu;fshf mNj Neuj;jpy; gjpgf;jpapy;
rpwe;jtu;fshff; fhzg;gl;ldu;. ,Ug;gpDk; rq;f kUtpa fhyj;jpYk;
mjw;Fg; gpd;Ds;s fhyq;fspYk; tho;e;j khju;Fy khzpf;fq;fNs
tuyhw;Wr; rhd;W gilj;jtu;fshf fUjg;gLfpd;wdu;.

me;j tifapy; fhyj;jhy; Ke;jpa rq;f kUtpa fhyj;jpy; tho;e;j
fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu; vd;W Nghw;wg;gLfpd;w Gdpjtjpahiug;gw;wp
Kjypy; ghu;f;fyhk;. ,tu; ghyg; gUtk; Kjw;nfhz;Nl ,iwNahL
mjPj gf;jp nfhz;ltuhfNt rpj;jpupf;fg;gLfpd;whu;.

kzypy; rpWNrhW fwp rikj;J tpisahLk; gps;isg;guhak;
njhlf;fk; vy;yhk; ty;y ru;NtRud; rptngUkhdplk; <by; yh ehl;lk;
nfhz;ltuhff; fhzg;gLfpd;whu;.

nja;t rpe;jid kpf;ftuhf fspkz; fl;bfisAk;> fw;fisAk;
,iwtdhfg; ghtpj;J G+ir nra;J tpisahlypy; Muk;gpj;j mtuJ
gf;jp thiyg;gUtj;jpy; tsu;r;rpaile;J tPl;bYk;> Nfhapy;fspYk;
G+ir> tzf;fq;fspy; <Lglitj;jJ. NkYk; rptdbahu;fisg;
gzptJ> md;dk; gilg;gJ vdg; gf;jpepiy tpuptile;jJ. tz;ly;
tpisahl;by; Muk;gpj;j gf;jp tYtile;J jpUkzj;jpd; gpd;dUk;
NkYk; NkYk; tsu;e;jNj jtpu Fiwatpy;iy.

fztu; gukjj;ju; mDg;gpa khq;fdpfSs; xd;iw rptdbahUf;F
mKjhfg; gilj;j gpd;> fztu; Ntz;Ljypy; ,iwtdplk;
Kiwapl;L xd;wpw;F ,uz;lhf mKj khq;fdpfisg; ngw;wNtis
,tuJ gf;jpapd; ngUik mwpag;gl;lJ. fztu;> Gdpjtjpahu;
13
nja;tg; ngz;nzd kUz;L ghz;behL nrd;W NtW ngz;izj;
jpUkzk; Gupe;jhu;. mijawpahj ngw;Nwhu;> tpgukwpah
Gdpjtjpahiu fztuplk; mioj;Jr; nrd;wNghJ Gjpa kidtp>
kfNshL jhNd ,ilapy; te;J gukjj;ju; Gdpjtjpahiu
nja;tkhf tzq;fpdhu;.

fl;bf; fhf;f Ntz;ba fztd; if$g;gpj; njhOjjhy; vdf;F
,e;jf; fl;Lly; Ntz;lhk;> moF Ntz;lhk; vd vq;Fk; ePf;fkw
epiwe;Js;s gupG+uzhde;j <rdplk; NgAU Ntz;bg; ngw;wNghJ
,tuJ gf;jpapd; vy;iy epu;zapf;fg;gl;lJ. ,tuJ gf;jpapd; Mok;
fhz;ghiu tpaf;fitj;jJ. gy ngz;fs; gf;jpapd; kfj;Jtj;ij
mwpe;J jk;ikg; gf;Ftg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s ghyk;
mikj;Jf;nfhz;ldu;.

cdJ ,iwtidf; fz;lhah?> mtdJ cUtk; vg;gbg; gl;lJ?
vdj; jd;ghy; gpwu; tpdTthu;fNs mjw;F ehd; vd;d nrhy;Ntd;
vd;W mtu; ,iwtdplk; Kiwapl;l ghq;Nf gf;jpf;F tpj;jhfg;
gupzkpg;gijg; ghu;f;fyhk;.

md;Wk; jpUTUtk; fhzhNj Ml;gl;Nld;
,d;Wk; jpUTUf; fhz;fpNyd; vd;We;jhd;
vt;tpUNth Ek;gpuhd; vd;ghu; fl;nfd;Diuf;Nfd;
vt;TUNth epd;DUtNkJ?

vj;jid Vf;fk;! vj;jid jhf;fk;! vj;jid gf;jp! vk; ngUkhidf;
fhzNtz;Lnkd;w gf;jpapd; jhfj;jhy; ce;jg;gl;L
jpUthyq;fhl;Lf;Fr; nry;fpwhu;. mq;F ,iwtdpd; Gdpjj; jyj;ij
fhy;fshy; ele;J mR+irg; gLj;j kdk; ,lk; nfhlhikahy;
jiyahNy ele;J nrd;whNu vd;Nd mtu; gf;jp!

epidf;fNt fz;zPu; Jspf;fpwNj mk;gpifNahL Mz;ltdpd;
jpUf;Nfhyf; fhl;rpiaf; fz;lNghJ cNuhkk; rpypu;f;f> Mde;jf;
fz;zPu; nrhupa> cs;sk; Nguhde;jj;jhy; G+upf;f mg;gNd
vd;wioj;J mq;fnky;yhk; Fspu;e;jhu;. me;jf; fUzh%u;j;jp
mk;ikNa vd;W md;nghOf mioj;J Mjpguhrf;jpf;F
fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahupd; gf;jp tuyhw;iwf; $wpdhuhk;.
epidf;fNt neQ;R rpypu;f;fpwJ. md;dhupd; gf;jp ituhf;fpaj;ij
mstplTk; $LNkh?

ru;tNyhfq;fSf;Fk; je;ijahd ru;Nt];tud; mk;ikNa
cdf;nfd;d Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;lNghJ ,iwth gpwthik
Ntz;Lk;> gpwe;Jtpl;lhy; cd;id kwthik Ntz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;L
khepyj;Njhu;f;F gf;jpf;F topfhl;bdhu;.

14
jpUthyq;fhl;by; ,iwtd; jpUtbf;fPo; ,Ue;J fPjk; ,irf;fTk;>
,iwtd; elkhlTk; jpUTsk; ngw;whu;. ,g;gbg;gl;l xU gf;jpapd;
Moj;ij fz;zg;g ehadhUila tuyhw;iwg; gbf;Fk;NghJ$l
ehk; czu;e;jpUf;f KbahJ. rhjidfNshL kl;Lk; epd;Wtplhky;
jkf;Fg; gpd; tUgtu;fSf;Fk; topfhl;Lk; tifapy; gy
NghjidfisAk; gjpfq;fshfr; nra;Js;shu;.
fhiuf;fhyk;ikahupd; mw;Gjj; jpUte;jhjp> jpUthyq;fhl;L %j;j
jpUg;gjpfk; Nghd;w gf;jp E}y;fs; rpwe;j ,yf;fpaq;fshfTk;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. mj;NjhL Gjpa ahg;G kuigj; Njhw;Wtpj;j
ngUikiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whu;.

fhiuf;fhyk;ikahu; irtrka tsu;r;rpf;F jkJ gf;jpapd; %yk;
mUk; njhz;lhw;wpaJNghy R+bf;nfhLj;j ehr;rpahu; vd;W
Gfog;gLfpd;w ngupaho;thupd; tsu;g;Gg; Gjy;tp Mz;lhSk; itzt
rka tsu;r;rpf;F jkJ gf;jpia fhzpf;ifahf;fpdhu;. Gdpjtjpahu;
mbatshfj; jkJ gf;jpia tpijf;f Mz;lhNsh tp\;ZTf;F
md;Gilatshf> fhjypahf jdJ gf;jpia mu;g;gzpj;J
ehuhzadplk; jQ;rk; GFe;jhs;.

jd;NdhL fz;zd; ,uz;lwf; fye;Jtpl;ljhy;> jd;idNa
fz;zdhfg; ghtid nra;J> jhd; fl;ba khiyia jhNd R+bg;
ghu;j;J> gpd;dNu jpUkhYf;Fr; R+l;b kfpo;e;jhu;. Re;juu; ,iwtidf;
fypahzj; jufuhf mDg;gpaij fz;L kdk; nghWf;fhj Vau;Nfhd;
fypf;fhk ehadhiug;Nghy ek;ik Mj;jpukilar; nra;ahky;
Mz;lhspd; nra;if Nfhijapd; Nky; mDjhgj;ijNa
Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. jdJ cly;> nghUs;> Mtp midj;ijANk
KFe;jdplk; milf;fykhf;fptpl;lhs; Mz;lhs;. jhNd mJthfg;
ghtpf;Fk; ghtk; vd;gjhy; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nlahf Ntz;Lk;.

rhjhuz khdplf; fhjypNyNa> kdijf; fl;Lg;gLj;j Kbahky;
gpj;jiug;Nghy; gpd;dhy; Gyk;gp miytij ehk; ek; fz;$lhff;
fhztpy;iyah? mg;gbapUf;f nja;tPff; fhjiy vLj;Jf;$wTk;
Ntz;LNkh?

thuz khapuk; R+o tyk; nra;J
ehuz ek;gp elf;fpd;wh ndd;nwjpu;
G+uz nghw;Flk; itj;Jg; Gwnkq;Fk;
Njhuzk; ehl;lf; fdhf; fz;Nld; Njhop ehd;

vd;W khjtdpd; tUifia mwptpj;J Mz;lhs; njhlu;e;J
jpUkzj;Jf;fhd rlq;Ffis tpgupj;J ,Wjpapy; kJR+jdd;
te;njd; ifj;jyk; gw;wf; fdhf; fz;Nld; Njhop vdf;
$WtjpypUe;J ee;jNfhghyNdhL jhd; ,izag;Nghtij vt;tsT
ehR+f;fhff; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. ,q;F gukhj;khNthL [Pthj;kh
rq;fkpf;fpd;w xU gutr epiyiaf; fhzyhk;. fhjYf;F fz;
15
,y;iy vd;gJ ep&gzkhfpwJ. fhjyhfpf; frpe;JUfpf; fz;zPu;
ky;fp... vd;w rk;ge;jUila ekr;rpthag; gjpfg; ghlypy; fhjy;
vd;gJ ,iwkPJ nfhz;l vy;iy mw;w md;igNa
Gyg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ.

ehr;rpahu; jpUnkhop> jpUg;ghit vd;git ,yf;fpak;
,ioNahLfpd;w gf;jpr; Ruq;fq;fshFk;. khjtdpd;
tz;zNkdpiaAk;> mtupd; jpUtpisahly;fisAk; jPe;jkpo;g;
ghly;fshy; ntspapLk; ntwp ,Uf;fpwNj mJ gf;jpapd; jhfk;.
mbatu;fs; Mz;ltidj; Njbaila njhLf;fg;gl;l ghkhiyfs;
Nfhijapd; ghly;fs;.

jpUg;ghit khu;fopj; jpq;fspy; ghit Nehd;G Nehf;Fk; ngz;fs;
ghbg; gutrg;gLtjw;Fk;> J}a kdj;Jld; khatdpd;
ghjhutpe;jq;fis miltjw;Fk; ghlg;gLtij ,d;Wk; ehk;
mwpNthk;.

gy;NtW fhyfl;lq;fspy; ntt;NtW xsitahu;fs; tho;e;jjhf
fijfs; toq;fg;gLfpd;wd. vJ vg;gb ,Ue;jNghJk; KUfg;
ngUkhd; kPJk;> tpehafg; ngUkhd; kPJk; jPuhj gf;jp nfhz;l
xsitg;gpuhl;biaNa ehk; ,q;F fhz;Nghk;. ghYk; njspNjDk;
ghFk; gUg;Gkpit... vd;W tpehafg; ngUkhdplk; Ntz;ba
xsitahu; gf;jpapd; Cw;W vdyhk;.

jkpOf;Fk;> irtj;Jf;Fk; njhz;L nra;tjw;fhf jkJ ,sikg;
gUtj;ijj; Jwe;J tpehafuplk; KJikg; gUtj;ij Ntz;bg;
ngw;wjhf fhzg;gLfpd;w fij mtUila gf;jpapd; Moj;ijAk;
cau;itAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;Lfpd;wJ. kd;dd; mjpakhd; Mapuk;
tUlq;fs; thoitf;ff; $ba Mw;wy; ngw;w mjpra
ney;ypf;fdpia jhd; cz;zhky; xsitahUf;Ff;
nfhLj;jjpypUe;Nj mtuJ ngUik tpsq;Ffpd;wjy;yth?

Mj;jpR+b> nfhd;iw Nte;jd;> %Jiu> ey;top Nghd;wd mwpT$Wk;
ey;Yyfk; Nghw;Wk; mtUila ePjp E}y;fshFk;. ,it jtpu
tpehafu; mfty;> Qhdf;Fws; Kjypa gf;jpg; ghRuq;fSk;
xsitahuhy; ghlg;gl;Ls;sd. ,it midj;JNk ,d;W gf;jpapd;
tpj;Jf;fshfg; gupzkpf;fpd;wd.

rkzu;fs; jkJ thjj; jpwikapdhy; jkJ kjj;ij jkpofj;jpy;
NkNyhq;fr; nra;jpUe;j fhyk;. rk;ge;jUk;> mg;gUk; rkzj;jpy;
rpf;Fz;L rptnewp kwe;jpUe;j kf;fis kPl;gpj;Jte;jdu; . rkz
rkaj;jpy; mg;gu; jUkNrdu; vd;w ngaNuhL Kd;G
tho;e;jpUe;jfhiy vg;gb mtuJ jkf;if jpyftjpahu; irtj;jpw;F
mg;giu kPsr;nra;tpf;f ghLgl;lhNuh mJ Nghy kq;ifaw;furp
16
vd;ghUk; jkJ fztdhd ghz;ba kd;didAk; ehl;ilAk;
irtj;Jf;F kPl;Ltug; ghLgl;Lf; nfhz;bUe;jhu;.

ghz;bad; rkz rkaj;jpw;F Nru;e;jNghJ FbfSk; mt;thNw
rkzj;jpy; Nruj; jiyg;gl;ldu;. ghz;ba ehl;bYk; rkzk; Nt&d;w
vj;jdpj;j Ntisapy; mijj; jLf;f Kd;epd;W cioj;jtu;
ghz;bkhNjtpahfpa kq;ifaw;furpahu;. mikr;ru; Fyr;rpiw
ehadhupd; cjtpiag; ngw;W rk;ge;jiu miog;gpj;J> rkzu;fNshL
mdy;> Gdy; thjq;fspy; rk;ge;ju; nty;y Cf;fkspj;J> irtj;jpd;
ngUikia ,tu; ghz;ba ehL mwpa itj;jhu;.

mj;NjhL epd;Wtplhky; ghz;baDf;F Vw;gl;l ntg;GNehia
rk;ge;jiuf; nfhz;L jpUePw;wpd; kfpikahYk; ke;jpukhtJ ePW
thdtu; NkyJ ePW... vd;W njhlq;Fk; jpUePw;Wg; gjpfj;ij
ghlitg;gpj;jjd; %ykhfTk; Fzg;gLj;j itj;jtu;. ,t;thW
irtrkaj;jpw;F Gj;Japu; mspf;f tpj;jpl;l ngUik khJrpNuhd;kzp
kq;ifaw;furpahiuNa rhUk;.

ngUikf;Fk;> gf;jpf;Fk; ngz;fs; tpj;jpl;ltu;fs; kl;Lky;y
tsu;g;gjw;Fk; mUk; ghLgl;ltu;fs;. ,g;gbg;gl;l gy ngz;fs;
,d;Wk; ek;kpilNa tho;e;J nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;whu;fs; .
mg;gbg;gl;l ngz;fsJ Nritia ghuhl;bg; Nghw;wNtz;baJ ek;
fld; my;yth?


tPuNfrup tPuNfrup tPuNfrup tPuNfrup
28 28 28 28. .. .05 05 05 05. .. .2000 2000 2000 2000 Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Qhapw;Wf;fpoik Qhapw;Wf;fpoik

17
kNfrdpd; kNfrdpd; kNfrdpd; kNfrdpd; kdk; kdk; kdk; kdk; ftu;e;jtu; ftu;e;jtu; ftu;e;jtu; ftu;e;jtu; ,aw;gifahuh? ,aw;gifahuh? ,aw;gifahuh? ,aw;gifahuh?

rp Wj;nj rp Wj;nj rp Wj;nj rp Wj;njh hh hz;luh? z;luh? z;luh? z;luh?


,iwtDila mUl;nray;fs;> jpUtpisahly;fs; kdpj rf;jpf;F
mg;ghw;gl;litahf> mwpT Ma;Tf;F vl;lKbahjitahf ,Ug;gij
Guhz ,jpfhr tuyhWfspypUe;J fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
mj;Jld; mupjhf khDl tho;tpd; epfo;r;rpfspy; ,Ue;Jk; rpy
re;ju;g;gq;fspy; czuf;$bajhfTk; cs;sJ.

,iwtdJ mUl; ngUk; nray;fs; fhuz fhupaj; njhlu;GfSf;F
mg;ghw;gl;ljhfTk; cs;sd. ,UikfspypUe;J tpyfpajhfTk;>
tpidfspypUe;J eOtpajhfTk; mike;Js;sd. NkYk; fhy>
Njak; fle;jjhfTk;> kuG newpfspypUe;J gpwo;e;jjhfTk; cs;sij
ehk; mDkhdpf;f KbfpwJ. fw;gidf;F vl;l KbahjjhfTk;> ek;g
,ayhjjhfTk; ,Ug;gijAk; ehk; rq;flj;Jld; Vw;Wf;nfhs;s
Ntz;bNa cs;sJ. xU rkak; ek;gKbahjit vd;W
Gwf;fzpj;jit gpwpnjhU rkak; ek;gf;$bajhf cyf tho;tpd;
fz;Nz epju;rdkhfp elg;gij ehk; gpukpg;NghL
Nehf;fNtz;bAKs;sJ.

,iwtdJ Ngud;igg; ngWtjw;fhf khdplu; Nghl;b
Nghl;Lf;nfhz;L jk; tho;it mu;g;gzpj;j tuyhWfs; ek;ik
Mr;rupaj;Jf;F cl;gLj;Jfpd;wd. mg;gbg;gl;l Guhz tuyhw;Wf;
flypypUe;J ngw;Wf;nfhz;l ,U Kj;Jf;fspd; nra;jpfis xg;gpl;Lg;
ghu;g;gNj ,f;fl;Liuapd; Nehf;fkhFk;. ,ij xU Ma;T vd;W
nrhy;tijtpl re;Njfj;ijg; Nghf;fpf;nfhs;s NjLk; xU top
vd;Nw Fwpg;gplNtz;Lk;.

nrhy;ypYk; nraypYk;> fdtpYk; edtpYk;> ehSk; nghOJk;
,iwtd; ehkj;ij Xjp ,ilawhJ ,iwQ;rp tho;e;j
,iwabahu;fs; ,aw;gif ehadhUk;> rpWj;njhz;l ehadhUk;
MFk;. xUtu; muru;> kw;iwatu; gy;yt rhk;uhr;rpaj;jpd;
jpwikkpf;f gilj; jsgjpaha; mur Nrit nra;jtu;.

,iwtDf;fhf> rptdbahu;fSf;fhfj; jk; tho;tpy; cly;> nghUs;>
Mtp vijANk ,og;gjw;Fj; jaq;fhjtu;fs; ,tu;fs;. gf;jpapNy
khWgl;l FzrPyq;fisf; nfhz;ltu;fs;. ahUNk nra;aj; jfhj
nraiyr; nra;aj; Jzpe;jtu;fs;. ,tu;fsJ gf;jpapd; ngUikapNy
xU Nghl;b. ,g;Nghl;b mtu;fSf;fpilNa vOe;j xd;wy;y.
mtu;fsJ tuyhw;iw fw;f Kw;gl;lNghJ vOe;j xUtpj
czu;Tjhd; ,J. ,iwtDf;fhf ,iwtdJ mbahUf;fhf fl;ba
fhjy; kidtpia jhiuthu;j;Jf; ifaspj;j ,aw;gifahuh?
my;yJ jd; xNunahU ghrkfdhd gr;rpsk; ghyfid cte;J
18
mupe;J fwprikj;Jg; gilj;j rpWj;njhz;luh kNf];tudpd; kdk;
ftu;e;jtu; vd;gNj ,q;F cjpj;j Nfs;tpahFk;.

jhiag; gopj;jtid jha;jLj;jhYk; tpNld; vd;gJ KJnkhopahf
toq;fptUfpd;w xUthf;F. jha;f;Fg; gpd; jhuk; vd;w epiyapy;
itj;J fzpf;Fk;NghJ kidtpiaj; J}rpj;jtd; ehit
Jz;bf;fNtz;Lk; vd;W kidtpf;F Kd;dpiy nfhLg;Nghu;
Jbj;njOtJ ,aw;ifNa. ,e;j epiyapy; rptdbahu; xUtu;
Nfl;lhu; vd;gjw;fhf mk;kp kpjpj;J> mUe;jjp ghu;j;J> ngz;zpw;F
Ntypahf jhypG+l;b> gyNguwpa ifg;gpbj;j fhjy; kidtpia>
fw;Gf;furpia jhiuthu;j;Jf; nfhLg;gjh? Mk;> ,ijj;jhd;
,aw;gif ehadhu; nra;jhu;. ,ijr; rupj;jpuk; Vw;Wf;
nfhs;stpy;iyah? MSikkpf;f xU Mltd; nra;af;$ba nrayh
,J?

gpwdpy; tpistJ gQ;rkh ghjfq;fspy; xd;nwd ePjp E}y;fs;
rhltpy;iyah? jd;idawpahJ ,e;jpudpd; khaj;jhy; fw;gpof;fg;gl;l
mfypifiaf; fy;yhfr; rgpj;j khKdptupd; tuyhW gpwdpy;
tpistJ Nguplu; vd;gij czu;j;jtpy;iyah? ,uhtzDila
rpiwapy; rPij itf;fg;gl;bUe;jij jtwhfg; Gupe;J jd;
kidtpaplk; tPuhg;Gg; Ngrpa tz;zhdpd; fij Nfl;L> ,uhkd;
[hdfpiaj; jPf;Fspf;fr; nra;jij ehkwpNahkh? ,g;gbnay;yhk;
ngz;fspd; fw;G Kf;fpaj;Jtkhfg; Ngzg;gLifapy; ,aw;gifahu;
rptdbahupd; Ntz;LNfhSf;F vg;gb cld;glyhk; vd;W rpe;jpf;fj;
J}z;Lfpwjy;yth?

ngz;zpd; ngUe;jf;f ahTs fw;ngDk; jpz;ik cz;lhfg;
ngwpd; vd;w ts;Stdpd; thf;Fk;> fw;ngdg;gLtJ
nrhw;wpwk;ghik vd;w xsitahupd; thf;Fk;> khju; jk;ik ,opT
nra;Ak; klikiaf; nfhOj;JNthk; vd;w ghujpapd; tPuhNtrKk;
vd;dthdJ?

fztNd fz;fz;l nja;tk; vd;gjd; mu;j;jk; ngha;ahdjh?
fztdpd; Kbit Vw;Wf;nfhz;l ,aw;gif ehadhupd; kidtpapd;
rk;kjk; vk;ik rpe;jpf;fj; J}z;LfpwJ.

new;wpf; fz;izf; fhl;bdhYk; Fw;wk; Fw;wNk vd;W md;W
thjhbdhuy;yth ef;fPuu;. fw;Gf;furpahd ,aw;gifahupd; Jiztp
fztUf;fhf fw;gpy; ,Ue;J gpwo;e;Jtpl;lhuh? epidg;Ng neQ;ir
Ntf itf;fpwJ.

,g;gbnay;yhk; fhyNthtl;lj;jpy; vz;zq;fs; fiufpd;wNghJ...
Mir mWkpd;fs; Mir mWkpd;fs;
<rNdhlhapDk; Mir mWkpd;fs;
19
Mirg;glg; gl Ma;tUk; Jd;gk; vd;w rptthf;fpahupd; rpe;jid
Kd;tUfpd;wJ.

Mk;> ,J <rd; nray;. mtdpd;wp Xu; mZTk; mirahJ. mtd;
Ml;Ltpf;fpd;whd;. ehk; MLfpNwhk;. ,aw;gif ehadhu;
rptngUkhdpd;Nky; nfhz;l Mwhj fhjyhy; jk; fhjiyj;
Jwe;jhu;. kidtp rpw;wpd;gk;. ,iwtd; Ngupd;gk;. gw;ww;whd;
gw;wpidg; gw;wj; jkf;Ff; fpilj;j xU re;ju;g;gj;ij ahu;jhd;
tpl;Ltpl KbAk;? vy;yhk; vikahSk; <rd; nray; vd;W ehk;
mikjpAWNthk;.

,iwtDf;fhf ,iwtdhy; mUsg;gl;l jD> fuz> Gtd>
Nghfq;fs; midj;ijAk; ,iwtdJ ghjhutpe;jj;jpy; gdpkyuhf;fpa
,aw;gifahupd; gf;jpapd; ngUik vd;Nd!

kWGwk; rpWj;njhz;l ehadhupd; nraw;fupa nraiy> rPupa gf;jpia
vLj;J Nehf;Fq;fhy; neQ;rk; nefpo;fpd;wJ. gy Nghu;f;fsq;fspy;
jsgjp guQ;Nrhjpahuhf khu;gpNy gy tpOg;Gz;fisg; ngw;w khtPuu;.
kdtikjp ngw ,iwtdJ mUl;nfhilahy; ,iwtd;ghy; <Lgl;L
,y;ywkhd ey;ywk; rhu;e;J capu;gwpf;Fk; njhopiy kwe; jpUe;j
fhiy> nrhe;j kfidNa mupaNtz;ba R+o;epiy Vw;gl;lnjd;why;>
mjw;F mtu;jk; ,y;yf;fpoj;jpNa cWJizahf ,Ue;jhnud;why;...
,g;gbAk; elg;gNjh vd;W ek; kdk; ePjp Nfl;fpd;wjy;yth?

kdpjUf;Ff; fpilf;ff;$ba NgWfspNy ngUk;NgW kf;fl;NgW vd;W
nrhy;thu;fs;. kf;fl;NgWf;fhf jtk; nra;jtu;fs;> jUkk;
nra;jtu;fs;> kdk; cile;jtu;fs;> jj;J vLj;Jf;nfhz;ltu;fs;
vj;jid> vj;jid Ngu;? ,JTk; Mz;ltdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; xU
jtpg;G.

,t;thwpUf;f jdJ xNunahU kfd;> mJTk; Mz;gps;is> gpQ;Rg;
ghyfd;> tk;r tpUj;jpf;F NtW topNaapy;iy. ,e;j epiyapYk;
gps;isf; fwp Nfl;lNghJ eukhkprf; fwp rikj;Jf; nfhLj;Jj;jhd;
MfNtz;Lkh? Xu; capiuf; fhg;ghw;Wtjw;fhf ngha;$lr;
nrhy;yyhnkd;W ju;k rhj;jpuq;fSk; $Wfpd;wdNt. mg;gbahdhy;
,iw gf;jpahy; Vw;gl;l gzptpil gopahfhjh?

aho; ,dpJ Foy; ,dpJ vd;gu; jk;kf;fs; koiyr; nrhy;
Nfshjhu; vd;w ts;Stdpd; thf;Fk;> FW FW ele;J rpWif
ePl;b ,l;Lk; njhl;Lk;....... kaf;FW kf;fs; ,y;yh tho;ehs;
tPz;ehNs vd;W GwdhD}W Gfd;wJTk;> rpd;dQ; rpWfpspNa
fz;zk;kh nry;tf; fsQ;rpaNk vd;idf; fypjPu;j;Nj cyfpy;
Vw;wk; Gupate;jha; vd;W ghba ghujpapd; tupfSk; VNdh?

20
gps;isf; fdpaKJf;fhf md;id> je;ijia kl;Lky;y> fl;ba
fztidNa Jwe;j fhupifau; gyu; thOk; jkpo; ehl;by;
rpWj;njhz;lupd; kidtp fztd; nraYf;F cld;gl;lJ vq;qdk;?
<rdpd; jpUtpisahlypy; ,JTnkhd;Nwh?

,iwtdpd; ehkj;ij ghz;Luq;fh! ghz;Luq;fh! vd;W XjpathW
fsp Jitj;jNghJ> fspJitf;Fk; ,lj;Jf;F te;J jk; fhypf;fPo;
mfg;gl;l Foe;ijia kwe;J> Foe;ijiaAk; Nru;j;J Jitj;j
rf;fujhup ghz;Luq;fu; Nghd;w gpj;jk; njspahjhu; nraypy; ,JTk;
xd;Nwh? <rdpd; ,Ul;lbg;G NtiyfSf;F Ml;glhJ ahUk;
,Ue;jpl KbANkh? mtdUshNy mtd;jhs; gzpahJ
thoKbANkh?

,iwtDf;fhfj; jd;id kl;Lkd;wp jdJ clikfs; midj;ijAk;
ms;spf; nfhLj;J> mtd; kdk; NfhzhJ elf;Fk; nghUl;L jdJ
kfdpd; khkprf; fwpia njhz;lDf;F Kd; jhNd cz;L
Ritghu;j;j rpWj;njhz;l ehadhupd; gf;jpapd; kfj;Jtk; vd;Nd!

ruhrup kdpjupy; ahuhYk; fdtpYk; nra;aKbahj fhupaq;fis
,aw;gif ehadhUk;> rpWj;njhz;l ehadhUk; nra;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;.
,Ug;gpDk; cau;e;jtu; khl;Lk;> ,iwtDila mUl;ghu;itapy;
,uz;lwf; fye;jtu; nghUl;Lk; ,it rhjhuzkhf elf;ff;$ba
epfo;r;rpfshf ,Uf;fyhk;. vdpDk; ,t;tpUtUila msg;ngupa
,e;j md;gspg;Gfspy; vij Nkyhdjhf nfhs;sy; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNj
Nfs;tp MFk;. jdJ gf;jpia ep&gpf;f vtu; nra;j jpahfk;
cau;e;jJ vd;gNj thjkhFk;.

Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu; ,iwtidf; fypahzj; J}juha;
guitahuplk; mDg;gpaij mwpe;j Vau;Nfhd; fypf;fhk ehadhu;
Re;juu; kPJ jPuhf; Nfhgk; nfhz;lhu;. ,ijawpe;j ,iwtd;
,UtiuAk; rkhjhdg; gLj;Jk;nghUl;Lk;> ,UtuJ gf;jpAk;
mg;gOf;fw;wit vd;gij czu;j;Jk; nghUl;Lk; Vau;NfhDf;F
tapw;WNehia cUthf;fp mijj; jPu;j;Jitf;FkhW Re;juUf;F
fl;lisapLfpwhu;. Re;juUk; mt;thNw Vau;Nfhidr; re;jpf;fr;
nrd;wNghJ mijawpe;j Vau;Nfhd; vk;gpuhid Vtyhshfg;
gad;gLj;jpa Re;juu; ifahy; Rfg;gLtijtpl ,wg;gNj Nky;
vdf;$wp jk;thspdhNy jk; tapw;iwf; fpopj;J capu; Jwe;jhu;. ,J
fz;L Re;juUk; capu; Jwf;f Kide;jNtis ,UtiuAk;
jLj;jhl;nfhz;L capu;g;gpj;j ,iwtd; ,Utu; gf;jpAk;
cau;thditNa vd;gij czu;j;jpdhu;.

NkNy fhl;lg;gl;l Vau;Nfhd; fypf;fhkehadhiuAk;> Re;juiuAk;
vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; ,iwtd; ,UtuJ gf;jpAk; cau;Tk; cd;djKk;
kpf;fitNa vd;W cyfpw;F czu;j;jpAs;sikia mwpaf;$bajha;
,Uf;fpwJ. mNj Nghd;Wjhd; vk; thjj;Jf;Fk; gjpiy
21
vjpu;ghu;f;fKbAk;. rpWj;njhz;lUf;Ff; fpilj;j tha;g;G ,aw;gif
ehadhUf;F tha;j;jpUe;jhy; mtUk; mNj kdepiwTlDk;> J}a
gf;jpAlDk; kftupe;J fwprikj;J Rit ghu;j;Jg; gpd;
gilj;jpUg;ghu; vd;gjpy; vtUk; Iag;gl ,lNkapy;iy. mJNghy;
,aw;gifahUf;F Vw;gl;l re;ju;g;gk; rpWj;njhz;l ehadhu; tho;tpy;
mike;jpUe;jhy; mtu;$l rptdbahu; tpUg;ig epiwNtw;w
jhd;ifg;gpbj;j jhuj;ij jhdkha; nfhLj;J topaDg;g cld;gl;Nl
,Ug;ghu; vd cWjpahf $wyhk;. Mf> ,UtUNk ,iwtDf;Fk;
mtu;jk; mbatu;f;Fk; jk; trkhd midj;ijANk nfhLg;gjw;F
Maj;jkhapUe;jtu;fs;jhk;. mtu;fsJ gf;jpapy; Fiwapy;iy> Vw;wj;
jho;tpy;iy> khw;Wf; fUj;Jfl;Fk; ,lkpy;iy. mtutu;f;F vd
Mz;ltdhy; Vw;fdNt vOjg;gl;l gf;fq;fisNa mtu;fs;
xg;Gtpj;jpUf;fpd;whu;fs;.


jpdfud; jpdfud; jpdfud; jpdfud;
22 22 22 22. .. .01 01 01 01. .. .1990 1990 1990 1990 nrt;tha;f;fpoik nrt;tha;f;fpoik nrt;tha;f;fpoik nrt;tha;f;fpoik

22
Xk; czu;j;Jk; cz;ikg; ng Xk; czu;j;Jk; cz;ikg; ng Xk; czu;j;Jk; cz;ikg; ng Xk; czu;j;Jk; cz;ikg; ngh hh hUs; Us; Us; Us;


cyfk; xypkakhdJ. xypapd; kj;jp Xk; MFk;. Xk; ,d;Nwy;
xypapy;iy. xypapd;Nwy; Xk; ,y;iy. fhw;W Kjy; ffdk; <whf
midj;Jk; xypapd; MSiff;F cl;gl;ldthFk;. xypapd;
tbtkhd Xk; xspahf> xspapd; top ,iwahf CLUtp epw;fpd;wJ.

,ijNa jhAkhd Rthkpfs;
mq;F ,q;F vd;dhjgb
vq;Fk; gpufhrkha; Mde;j %u;j;jpahfp......
ghu;f;Fkplnkq;Fk; ePf;fkw epiwe;jpUf;Fk;
gupG+uzhde;jNk vd ,iwtd;> ,y;yhj ,lNkapy;yhky;
vq;Fk; tpahgpj;Js;shd; vd;gij mofhf vLj;Jf; fhl;bAs;shu;.

%TyifAk; gilj;Jf; fhj;J mUsptUfpd;w vy;yhk; ty;y
rptngUkhd; KOKjw; flTshf> Kk; %u;j;jpfshf> jlj;j
epiyapYk;> nrh&g epiyapYk; fhl;rpaspf;fpd;whu;. mopAk;
cly;fshf ];J}y epiyapYk;> moptw;w Md;khf;fshf R+f;Fk
epiyapYk; cs;s capu;fspYk;> cyf tpahgfj;Jf;F Mjhukhd
fhuztpe;J epiyapYk; cs;epd;W xspu;fpd;whu;. cgepljq;fs;
$WtJNghy gupG+uzkhf ,Ue;J cyf Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;>
xLf;fj;Jf;Fk; top rikf;fpd;whu;.

G+uzj;jpypUe;J G+uzk;jhd; Njhd;Wk;. G+uzj;jpypUe;J Njhd;Wk;
xt;nthU nghUs;fSk; G+uzkhdNj. cs;sJ ,yjhfhJ.
,y;yhjJ cs;sjhfhJ vd;gJ rw;fhupathjk;. xd;wpd;
kiwtpypUe;J ,d;Dnkhd;W Njhd;WtJk;> xd;wpd; khw;wj;jpypUe;J
gpwpnjhd;W cUthtJk; jtpu;f;f Kbahjit. cUz;il tbtkhd
G+kpiar; Rw;wptu xU ,lj;jpypUe;J Gwg;gl;lhy; mNj ,lj;Jf;Nf
kPz;Lk; te;J NrUtJ Nghy; capu;fSk; jD> fuz> Gtd>
Nghfq;fSf;Fl;gl;L Njhw;wk; ngw;w ,lj;jpNyNa KbT
mile;Jk;tpLk;. ,J epajp. khw;wkilAk; khah cyfKk;
khwpy;yh gupG+uzj;NjhL ,Wjpapy; If;fpakhfptpLk;. me;j
mbg;gilapNyjhd; cUthfpd;w xypfSk; kPz;Lk; cUthd
,lj;jpNyNa mikjpahf mlq;fptpLfpd;wd. me;jj; jj;Jtj;ij
czu;j;JtJjhd; ,e;j Xk; vd;w gpuztk;.

kfhE}yhfTk;> %y ke;jpukhfTk;> Njtu;fspd; gpwg;gplkhfTk;
cs;s Xk; J}akdj;NjhL gQ;rhl;ruj;ij cr;rupj;J
jpahdpg;gtu;fSf;F gpwg;G ,wg;ig Nghf;fty;y rf;jpahfTk;
tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,jdhy; jhd; ,jDila cl;nghUis cyfpw;F
ntspg;gLj;Jtjd; nghUl;L KUfg; ngUkhd; ehd;Kfdplk;
tpdtpaJk;> rpiw nra;jJk; gpd;du; je;ij rptngUkhdpd;
23
Ntz;LNfhSf;fpzq;f mtUf;F cgNjrk; nra;J jfg;gd;rhkp
rptFU vd;whdJk; MFk;.

G+Tyfpy; [dpj;j xt;nthU capUk; Ie;J mt];ijfisAk;
mDgtpj;J Iaid milaNtz;Lk; vd;gJ tpjp. capu;fs; rhf;fpuk;
vd;w tpopg;G epiyapy; fdT fhz;fpwJ. ,ij ehk; gfw;fdT vd;W
miog;Nghk;. gfw;fdT mu;j;jkw;wJ vd;fpwJ rhj;jpuq;fs;. khDlk;
jPaJ vd;W njupe;jpUe;Jk; jPatw;iwr; nra;tjw;F jaq;Ftjpy;iy.
mg;gbapy;yhky; gpugQ;rj;jpd; Muk;gg; gbapd; mZFKiwia
mwpe;jJk; rhf;fpu epiyapy; epd;W tpyfp mLj;j nrhw;gd epiyia
Nehf;fp gazpf;fpwJ. mjhtJ capu;fs; cwq;F epiyapy;
JapYk;NghJ fdTfSf;F fhuzq;fs; fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,utpy;
tUk; rhk fhyq;fSf;F Vw;w tifapy; fdTfSf;F tpsf;fq;fs;
fw;gpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fpuf epiyfSf;Nfw;g mit nka;ahfTk;
ngha;ahfTk; Njhw;wk; ngWfpd;wd. ,e;j cWjpaw;w tpsf;fq;fis
NtWgLj;jp tho;tpy; Jd;gq;fis ngU%r;Rfshf;fp Ntjidg;gLk;
jiliaj; jhz;btpl;lhy; J}q;fhky; J}q;fp Rfk; ngWfpd;w ROj;jp
epiy milag;ngWfpwJ.

jgk;> nrgk;> jpahdk; Mfpa rPupa kdf; fl;Lg;ghLfis cUthf;fp
cliy ehk; epidj;jthW ,af;Ftjw;Fupa eilKiwfis
filg;gpbf;Fk;NghJ mjw;F mLj;jjhd cwf;f epiyahd J}upa
epiy Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. Xq;fhukha; vOe;j xyp xLq;f
Muk;gpf;Fkplk; ,e;j cwf;fk;. rQ;ryq;fs; kiwe;J kd mikjp
Njhd;WfpwJ. me;j ,d;g nts;sj;jpy; mkpo;fpd;wNghJ Njhd;Wk;
,e;j J}upa epiyiag; NgUwf;fk; vd;W rpj;jhe;jk; $Wk; .

J}upa epiyapy; Ik;nghwpfSk; Gyd;top nry;yhky;
cs;slf;fg;gLfpd;wd. Ik;G+jq;fSk; fl;Lg;gl;L ,aq;f
Muk;gpf;fpd;wd. ,Utpid nahg;G Vw;gl;L kygupghfj;Jf;Fj;
jahuhfpd;wJ. NgUwf;fj;jpy; Ngjq;fs; vy;yhk; nghb
nghbahfpd;wd. ehd; vd;w Mztk; ehzp XLk;. rkur rd;khu;f;f
epiy cUthFk;. Kbrhu;e;j kd;dUk; gpbrhk;gu; Mthu; vd;w
NgUz;ik epju;rdkhfg; Gyg;gLk;. vy;yhk; fle;J flTsJ
MSiff;F Ml;gLfpd;w epiy te;jilfpwJ. mjidj; njhlu;e;J
,Wjpahd jhapDk; rhy ey;y jiytupd; jhyhl;by; jd;id
kwf;fpd;w Mde;jkakhd JupahjPj epiy Njhd;Wfpd;wJ. ,J
capu; milfpd;w gupG+uzhde;jg; NgW. ,wg;Gk; gpwg;Gkw;w Vfhe;j
epiy. vd;nwd;Wk; ,iwtdbg; gpbg;G nefpohj ,d;g epiy.
Xq;fhuk; xLq;fp mlq;fp mikjpAk; rkhjp epiy. ciuf;f Kbahj
cd;dj epiy.

Xq;fhu tbtkhd Xk; vd;gJ G+uzj;jpDila ntspg;ghL. ,J
Ie;J tbtq;fshf ntspg;gLfpd;wJ. mit el;rj;jpu tbtk;> jz;l
tbtk;> Fz;ly tbtk;> gpiw tbtk;> tl;l tbtk; vd;gdthFk;.
tpupe;Jk;> gue;Jk;> Nt&d;wpAk;> RUq;fpAk;> Rod;Wk;
24
vk;ngUkhDila Ie;njhopy;fSk; gQ;rG+jq;fspd; mZf;fspD}lhf
tpahgpj;Js;sd.

gpuztk; ,Utifg;gLk;. mfu> cfu> kfuk; vd;W nrhy;yg;gLfpd;w
rptk;> rf;jp> capu; Mfpa %d;iwAk; Xk; vd xd;Wgl;L njhFj;Jf;
$Wtij rk\;bg; gpuztk; vdTk;> m>c>k vd jdpj;jdpahf
tFj;Jf; $Wtij tpa\;bg; gpuztk; vdTk; tifg;gLj;Jtu;.
vdNt njhFj;Jk;> tFj;Jk;> xd;whfTk;> gythfTk; capu;fSf;F
ce;J rf;jpahf ,Ug;gJ Xk; vd;Wzuyhk;.

,ijj;jhd; jpUtUl;gadpy; ckhgjp rpthr;rhupahu;
,iwrf;jp ghrk; vopy; khia
MtpAw epw;Fk; Xq;fhuj;Js; vd;whu;. Xk; vd;w xyp cyfpd;
tpj;Nj fzgjp vd;whu; gjQ;ryp Kdptu;. Mnkd; vd;w xypNa
(Xk; vd;gjd; ,yj;jPd; cr;rupg;G) cyfpd; Kjy; epiy vd;fpwJ
iggps;.

cyfpYs;s vy;yh kjq;fSk; xt;nthUtifapy; Xk; vd;w
xypapd; jj;Jtj;ij Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wd. Mjpfhy kf;fSk;
gwitfs;> tpyq;Ffs; Nghy Ngr;R tof;F cUthtjw;F Kd;du;
xypia vOg;gpNa czT NjLtJ Kjy; ciuahb ,iwtzf;fk;
nra;tJtiu jkJ tho;itf; flj;jpdu;. Vd; ,d;iwa etPd
tpQ;Qhd Afj;jpy;$l gapu;fs; tsu;tjw;Fk;> ghy; fwg;gjw;Fk;
,d;Dk; gyjug;gl;l Ntiyfisr; nra;tjw;Fk; xypapy; cUthFk;
,iriaNa gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;.

fq;fhjuu;$l jkJ fhjpy; fe;ju;tu;fshfpa Fz;lyq;fis mzpe;J
,iltplhJ xypapd; ehjkhd ,d;dpiria vd;nwd;Wk;
mDgtpj;Jf; nfhz;NlapUf;fpd;whu;. rhkfPjk; ghb ,iwtid
kfpo;tpj;J ,uhtzd; mUs;ngw;wij ehk; kwf;f KbAkh?
ghzgj;jpuuhfpa ,irr; rpj;jupd; ghlYf;F Ml;gl;L tlehl;Lg;
Gytdhfpa Vkehjid vk;ngUkhd; tpul;baij jpUtpisahly;
Guhzk; $wtpy;iyah? jpy;iyak;gyj;jpy; Mba eldj;jpd;NghJ
cLf;if xypapy; cyfk; xLq;ftpy;iyah?

Xntd;W caUk; xyp k; vdf; FWfp mikjpahtJ gue;jhkdpd;
Ie;njhopy;fSf;Fk; mj;jpghukhfpwJ. Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;l ,Utifg;
gpuztj;jpYk; nrhw; gpugQ;rKk;> nghUl; gpugQ;rKk; Njhd;wp epd;W
xLq;Fk;. mfu> cfu> kfuk; KiwNa rj;Jt> ,uh]r> jhkrkhfpa
%d;W Fzq;fisAk; gpuk;kh> tp\;Z> Uj;jpud; Mfpa Kk;
%u;j;jpfisAk; ,Uf;F> aRu;> rhkk; vDk; %Ntjq;fisAk;
gjp>gR>ghrk; vdg;gLk; Kg;nghUl;fisAk; %Tyfq;fisAk;>
%tif mf;fpdpfisAk;> %tifr; re;jq;fisAk; Fwpf;fpd;wJ
vd;W nrhy;tu;. mJkl;Lky;yhky; m>c>k>ehjk;>tpe;J> fiy Mfpa
MW mk;rq;fisAk; jd;dfj;Nj nfhz;lJ Xk;.
25

Xk; vd;gJ cyfj; Njhw;wj;Jf;Fk;> KbTf;Fk; tpj;jhf
mikfpd;wJ. cyf mirtpw;Fk;> ,irtpw;Fk; MLfskhfpd;wJ.
,af;fj;Jf;Fk;> kaf;fj;Jf;Fk; cWJiz Gupfpd;wJ. ,j; jhuf
ke;jpuk; jD>fuz>Gtd>Nghfq;fspypUe;J tpLjiy mspj;J
,Utpid nahg;G kygupghfk; nra;aty;yJ. mg;ghYf;Fk;
mg;ghyha; mz;l ruhruq;fs; midj;jpw;Fk; Nkyhdjha;
rr;rpjhde;jkhf xypf;fpd;wJ. gpwtpg; ngUq;fly; ePe;Jtjw;F
NgUjtp Gupfpd;wJ. Xk; vd;w xypia vOg;Gk;NghJ vkJ Md;kh
xspaha;r; RlUk;.


26

xd;N xd;N xd;N xd;Nw Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; w Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; w Fyk; xUtNd Njtd; w Fyk; xUtNd Njtd;


tpupe;J gue;Jgl;l ,g;G+Tyfpy; Mjpadhjpahf cUthfp mWFNghy;
jioj;J My;Nghy; fpis gug;gp guj fz;lk; KOtJk; gutpAs;s
,e;Jkjk; ,d;W cyfk; KOtjpYk; epiyngw;W tpsq;Ffpd;wJ
vd;W nrhd;dhy; mJ kpifahfhJ.

mfr; rkaq;fnsd;Wk;> Gwr; rkaq;fnsd;Wk; mfg;Gwr;
rkaq;fnsd;Wk; gy gpupTfisj; jd;dfj;Njalf;fp ngUk;
rKj;jpukhf ,e;Jkjk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. xt;nthU gpupTf;Fk;
xt;nthU Kjd;ikf; flTs; vd;w uPjpapy; Nfhapy;fSk;> G+ir
Gdf;fhuq;fSk; eilngWfpd;wd. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; vy;yhj;
nja;tq;fSs;Sk; cd;djkhd KOKjw; flTshf %yg;
nghUshf rptngUkhd; Nghw;wg;gLfpwhu;. Xu; cUtk;> xU ehkk;
,y;yhjhd; vd;gjw;Nfw;g gy ngau;fspy;> gy tbtq;fspy;
fhl;rpaspg;gtu; KOKjw; flTshd rptgpuhNd.

mtdd;wp Xu; mZTk; mirahJ vd;gJ ,e;Jf;fs;
ek;gpf;ifahFk;. mtdUshNy gy;NtW tbtq;fspy; mtd;jho;
gzpfpd;wdu; kf;fs;.
vg;guprhapDk; Vj;Jkpd; Vj;jpdhy;
mg;gup rPrd; mUs; GupthNd vdj; jpUke;jpuk; $Wfpd;wJ.

ehl;Lf;F ehL> fz;lj;Jf;Ff; fz;lk; kf;fs; ,dk;> kjk; > nkhop>
epwk;> Fzk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; NtWgl;lhYk; midtUk; khdplNu.
mjdhy;jhd; rhjpfs; ,y;iyab ghg;gh> Fyj; jho;r;rp cau;r;rp
nrhy;yy; ghgk; vd;whu; mkuftp ghujpahu;. Mz;> ngz; vd ,U
gpupTfshf ghybg;gilapy; kf;fs; gpupf;fg;gl;bUe;j NghjpYk; kdpju;
vd;w xU Fyj;ij cilatu;fshfNt cyf kf;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

jho;e;jtu;> cau;e;jtu; vd;gnjy;yhk; kf;fs; jkJ mwpahikapdhy;
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhz;l Ntw;Wik kuGfshFk;.

xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T ek;kpy;
xw;Wik ePq;fpd; midtu;f;Fk; jho;T vd;gij ehk;
kwe;Jtplf;$lhJ. xU jha; tapw;wpy; gpwe;j gps;isfs; khWgl;l
epwq;fisAk;> Fzq;fisAk; nfhz;bUe;jhy; mtu;fs; me;jj;
jha;f;Fg; gps;isfs; ,y;iy vd;whfptpLkh? my;yJ mtu;fs;
rNfhjuu;fs; my;yu; vd;W $wptpl KbAkh?

27
rhjp> rka epw> nkhopg; gpupTfshy; xNuFyk; vd;w
Nfhl;ghl;bypUe;J kdpjiu NtWgLj;jptpl KbahJ. RitfspNy
NtWghL fhzg;gl;lhYk;> czu;TfspNy khWghL Njhd;wptpl; lhYk;
kdpj ikaj;jpypUe;J khWghL fhzKbahJ. re;Njhrj;jpy;
kfpo;tJk;> Jd;gj;jpy; mOtJk; kdpj ,ay;G. kdpj ju;kk;
vy;NyhUf;Fk; nghJthdNj. Fw;wk; nra;jtu;fs; jz;bf;fg;gl
Ntz;Lk; vd;gjpy; ve;j xU ehLk;> ve;j xU kjKk;> ve;j xU
,dKk; khWgl;l fUj;ijf; nfhz;bUf;f KbahJ. Vio
gzf;fhud; MtJk;> gzf;fhud; VioahtJk; Kaw;rpapd;ghy;
tpistJ. jPatu; ey;ytuhtJk;> ey;ytu; jPatuhtJk; mtutu;
nray;fisg; nghWj;jJ. Mf xd;Nw Fyk; vd;gij ehk; ahtUk;
Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk;. vy;yh kjq;fSk; ,f;Nfhl;ghl;il
Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpd;wd. kdpj Fyk; xd;Nw xd;Wjhd;. me;j xd;whd
kdpj Fyj;ijg; gilj;j ,iwtd; kl;Lk; vg;gbg; gythf
,Uf;fKbAk;?

xd;whfpg; gythfp cs;epd;W xspu;fpd;w guk;nghUs; xUtNu. mtu;
vtnutu; ve;nje;jf; Nfhyj;jpy; fhl;rpngw tpUk;Gfpd;whu;fNsh
me;je;j tbtq;fspy; fhl;rp mspf;fpd;whu;. Mjprq;fuu; Vfhd;kthjf;
Nfhl;ghl;bd; %k; ,iwtd; xUtNd vd;Wk; mtd; gy tbtq;fspy;
fhl;rpaspg;gJNghy; ek; fz;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gLthd; vd;Wk;
$wpapUf;fpd;whu;. ,];yhk;> fpwp];jtk; Nghd;w kjq;fSk; ,iwtd;
xUtNd vd;gijj; jpl;ltl;lkhff; $Wfpd;wd. Ntjq;fSk;
,iwtd; xUtNd vd;Wjhd; thjpLfpd;wd. mu;j;jehuP];tu
tbtj;jpy; rptk;> rf;jpahf jkJ ,lg;ghfj;jpy; cikak;ikiaf;
nfhz;L fhl;rpaspf;fpd;whu;. xU kdpj tho;tpw;F> kdpj tpUj;jpf;F
MZk;> ngz;Zk; mtrpak; vd;gij typAWj;jNt ,ypq;fk;>
gPlkhf rptrf;jpia cUtfg;gLj;jp cUthf;fpAs;sdu;.
,Ue;jNghjpYk; rptj;Js; rf;jp mlf;fkhfp xd;whfp tpLfpd;wJ.

mwpthDk; jhNd mwptpg;ghDk; jhNd
mwptha; mwpfpd;whd; jhNd vd;W $wpa jpUtUl;gad; NkYk;
tpsf;fk; jUifapy; rj;+rpj;+Mde;jk; = rr;rpjhde;jk; MfpAs;shd;
vd;Wk; gR> gjp> ghrk; Mfpa Kg;nghUl;fspd; jj;Jtkha;f;
fhl;rpaspf;fpd;whd; vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. ,iwAk;> thOk;
capu;fSk;> cyFk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;Gilait. ghrj;ij
ntd;w gRf;fshfpa capu;fs;jhd; gjpia mila KbAk;. ,q;Nf
capu;fs; kyq;fis mopj;J gupghfk; nra;J ,Utpidnahg;ig
ngwNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;.

,iw Ntjq;fshfpa ,Uf;F. aRu;> rhkk;> mju;tzk; Mfpa ehd;F
kiwfisAk;> mtw;wpd; gpuk;khzq;fs;> ke;jpuq;fs;> Muzpaq;fs;>
cgepljq;fs; Mfpa mwpTf; fUT+yq;fisAk; mwpe;J
nfhs;tNjhL irt ehw;ghjq;fshd rupia> fpupia> Nahfk;>
Qhdk; Nghd;w gbKiwfisAk; xd;wd;gpd; xd;whf czu;e;J
cau;e;J cs;sk; njsptjd; %yk; xUtdhd ,iwtid ehk;
28
mwpaKbAk;. gpukr;rhupak;> fpUf];jk;> re;epahrk;> Jwtwk; Mfpa
Jiwfisf; fz;zpag;gLj;jp filg;gpbj;J tho;tNjhL rhf;fpuk;>
nrhw;gdk;> ROj;jp> J}upak; Mfpa GUlhu;j;j epiyfspy; cau;e;J
kdj;ijg; Gj;jpapy; xLf;fp gf;jpAs; mlf;fp ,iwAzu;tpy;
jpiof;fNtz;Lk;.

,iwAzu;tpy; mikjpAw Ntz;Lkhdhy; Ik;Gyd;fisAk; xLf;fp
Ik;nghwpfisAk; fl;b mtw;iw ek; MSiff;F cl;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;.

mtNd ,URlu; jP Mfhak; Mthd;
mtNd Gtp Gtdk; fhw;whthd; vd;gij czu;e;J
nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. Iaid miltjw;F Iak; vd;gJ mZtsTk;
mfj;jpy; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ. mg;NghJjhd; ke;jpuk;> tz;zk;> gjk;>
jj;Jtk;> Gtdk;> fiy Mfpatw;iw mD$ykhf mwpaKbAk;.
Vo;gpwg;Gf;fspYk; ngwKbahjtw;iw ngwKbAk;.

kjq;fs; vd;git khu;f;fq;fs; MFk;. mjhtJ ,iwtid
miltjw;Fupa topfshFk;. Fwpj;j xU ,lj;ijr; nrd;wiltjw;F
gy topfs; ,Ug;gJ Nghy ,iwtidr; Nru;e;J ,d;GWtjw;F gy
kjq;fs; cs;sd. vy;yh topfSk; ,Wjpapy; Ngha; KbtJ XuplNk.
mt;tplNk xUtdhd ,iwtdplk;.

glj;ijf; fhl;b vOj;ijAk;> nrhw;fisAk; gyUf;Fg;
Gfl;LtJNghy ,iw cUitf;fhl;b ,iwAzu;it Cl;Lfpd;wdu;.
vOj;Jf;fis mwpe;J nrhw;fisg; Gupe;jjd; gpd; vt;thW glk;
Njitaw;Wg; Nghfpd;wNjh mt;thNw ,iwAzu;itg; ngw;wjd; gpd;
cUt topghL mtrpakw;wjhfp tpLfpwJ. Nkw;Fwpj;j fUj;ij
czu;e;Jnfhz;lhy; kjf;fytuq;fs; kiwe;J NghFk;. khDl
tho;tpay; kyu;tilAk;.

,iwtid miltjw;F ,e;Jrkak; fhl;Lk; cd;dj topfSs;
xd;whd jpahdtopia vy;yh kjq;fSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;tij
mtu;fsJ tzf;f KiwfspypUe;J fz;Lnfhs;s KbAk;.
jD>fuz>Gtd> Nghfq;fspd; Clhf khe;ju; kdj;jpidf; fl;b
,Utpidnahg;G kygupghfk; nra;jjd; gpd;Ng ,iwAld; ,uz;lwf;
fyf;fKbAnkd ,e;Jkjk; $Wfpd;wJ. mg;NghJjhd; JupahjPj
epiy te;jilAk;. jd;idj;jhNd mwpfpd;w Rak;Gepiy Njhd;Wk;.
mg;ghYf;F mg;ghyhd mj;khtpd; jdpj;Jtk; xspUk;. ,e;epiyia
kpf mofhf rptg;gpufhr Rthkpfs; gpd;tUkhW $Wfpd;whu;

ke;jpukha; gjkhfp td;dkhfp
tsu; fiyaha;j; jj;Jtkha; Gtdkhfp
re;jpudha; ,e;jpudha; ,utpahfpj;
jhdtuha; thdtuha; jaq;fh epd;w
29
je;jpukha; ,it nahd;Wk; my;ythfpj;
jhdhfpj; jdjhfpj; jhd;> ehd; fhl;lh
me;jukha; mg;ghyha; mjw;fg;ghyha;
mg;ghYf; fg;ghyha; mku;e;jNjNt

,it vy;yhtw;wpypUe;Jk; vk;khy; Gupe;J nfhs;s Ntz;baJ
xd;Nw Fyk;> xUtNd Njtd; vd;w fUj;NjahFk;.
vy;yhtw;iwAk; fle;J vq;Fk; epiwe;J vg;NghJk; mUSk;
,iwtd; xUtNd vd;gij czu;e;Jnfhs;Nthkhf


30
ngupa GuhzKk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfSk; ngupa GuhzKk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfSk; ngupa GuhzKk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfSk; ngupa GuhzKk; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfSk;


ngupaGuhzk; fhyj;jhy; gpe;jpa Kjy; jkpo;f; fhtpak;. gf;jpapd;
ngUikia mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L vOe;j mw;Gjf; fhg;gpak;. rpy
GidfijfSld;> tuyhw;W cz;ikfSk; gpd;dpg; gpize;J
fhzg;gLk; ,e;E}ypy; jpUj;njhz;lu;fs; tuyhw;Wld; jkpof
tuyhWk; cs;slf;fkhf cs;sJ. Guhz E}y;fSs; Mjhuq;fis
mspf;ff;$ba xNunahU E}y; ngupaGuhzkhFk;. ,e;E}y; mWE}W
tUlfhy tpguq;fis Xustpw;F juty;yJk;> Vwj;jhs jkpofk;
KOtijAk; vLj;Jf;$Wty;yJkhFk;.

Nrf;fpohu; ngupaGuhzj;ijg; ghLtjw;F Kd;Ng ehad;khu;fSila
tuyhWfis kf;fs; XusTf;F mwpe;jpUe;jdu; vd;W $wyhk;.
Kw;fhyj;jpYk; ehad;khu;fspd; ngau;fis gps;isfSf;F
R+l;bkfpo;e;jjd; %yKk;> jpUKiwfs; Myaq;fspy; Xjg;gl;L
te;jjd; %yKk;> Xtpaq;fs; rpw;gq;fs; thapyhf ehad;khu;fisf;
fhl;rpg;gLj;jpajd; %yKk;> mtu;fsJ cUtr;rpiyfSf;F G+irfs;
nra;ag;gl;ljd; %yKk; ,it Gydhfpd;wd. NkYk; jpy;iy cyh
Nghd;w Nrhou;fhy ,yf;fpa E}y;fspy; ehad;khu;fs; gw;wp
Fwpg;gplg;gl;bUg;gijAk; ehk; mwpaKbfpwJ. Nkw;$wpaitAk;>
Nrf;fpohu; jkpofk; KOtJk; ahj;jpiu nra;J jpul;ba cz;ik
tpguq;fSk; ngupaGuhzk; ghl mtUf;F toprikj;Jf; nfhLj;jd.
mj;NjhL ,iwtNd cynfyhk; vd;w mbia vLj;Jf; nfhLj;J
ngupaGuhzk; ghl ce;Jrf;jpahf ,Ue;Js;shu;.

Nrf;fpohu; ngupaGuhzk; ghLtjw;F Kjypy; mbg;gilahf
mike;jJ Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu; ghba jpUj;njhz;lu; njhif
MFk;. Re;juu; fow;rpq;fd; vdg;gLk; 3k; ee;jptu;kd; vDk; gy;yt
kd;dd; fhyj;jpy; (fp.gp.840-865) tho;e;jtuhthu;. ghz;ba kd;dd;
1k; tuFzd; fhyKk; (fp.gp.800-830)> Nru kd;dd; Nrukhd;
ngUkhs; Ml;rpia tpl;lfd;w fhyKk; xd;Nwhnlhd;W njhlu;Gila
fhyfl;lq;fsFk;. Re;juu;> Nrukhd; ngUkhzhadhu; fhyj;jpy;
tho;e;jtu; vd;gJ mtu; ghly;fs; %yk; mwpaf;fplf;fpd;wJ.

Re;juiuj; njhlu;e;J> fp.gp.9851014 fhyg;gFjpapy; Nrho ehl;il
Ml;rpGupe;j Nrhog; Nguurd; 1k; ,uhruhrd; fhyj;jpy;> mk;kd;dd;
Ntz;LNfhSf;F ,zq;f ek;gpahz;lhu; ek;gp mWgj;jp%d;W
ehad;khu;fsJk; tuyhw;Wr; RUf;fj;ij jpUj;njhz;lu; jpUte;jhjp
vDk; E}yhfg; ghbAs;shu;. ,itfis Mjhukhff; nfhz;Nl
meghar; Nrhodpd; Ntz;LNfhis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhf Nrf;fpohu;
ngupaGuhzj;ijg; ghbdhu;. Nrf;fpohupd; ,aw;ngau; ,uhkNjtd;
vd;gjhFk;.

31
Nrf;fpohu; gytpjkhd E}y;fspYk; Gyik ngw;wpUe;jjd;
fhuzj;jhy; gy tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfis vkf;Fj; je;Js;shu;. jkpo;
,yf;fpa ,yf;fzq;fspYk;> rka E}y;fspYk;> ,ir eldf;
fiyfspYk;> thdrhj;jpuk;> kUj;Jtk;> ePjpnewp> clw;$W ,ay;
Mfpa midj;Jj; JiwfspYk; mtu; Mw;wy; ngw;wpUe;jhu;.

me;j tifapy; ,dpik> nrk;ghfk;> Mw;nwhOf;F> vspaeil
vd;gd nfhz;L ,lj;Jf;Nfw;w re;jq;fs; mikj;J rPu;fisAk;>
FwpaPLfisAk; gpd;gw;wp RUq;fr; nrhy;yp ngupa Guhz ghly;fis
ghbAs;shu;. jyk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ jyk; gw;wpa fijiaAk;
tUzidfNshL vLj;jpak;gp cs;shu;. ,t;thW ghlg;gl;Ls;s
ngupa Guhzj;jpy; tuyhw;Wg; gjpTfis mtu; nghwpj;Js;s
ghq;fpid vLj;J Nehf;FNthk;.

fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu; fhyj;jpy; gukjj;jd; tpahghu Nehf;NfhL
jpiuflNyhbj; jputpak; NjLtjw;fhf fyNkwp Ntw;W}u; nrd;w
rk;gtj;ijAk;> mku;ePjp ehadhu; fhyj;jpy; re;jdf; fl;ilfs;
,wf;Fkjp nra;aj; jil tpjpf;fg;gl;ljhy; Koq;ifahy; miuj;j
rk;gtj;ijAk; nfhz;L fly; thzpgk; ele;Js;sijf;
Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. NkYk; kfhgypGuk;> G+k;Gfhu;> fhtpupg;G+k; gl;bdk;>
rhypA+u;> nfhw;if Nghd;w JiwKfg; gl;bdq;fSk; Mq;fhq;Nf
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.

Nra;Q;QY}u;> jpy;iy> jpUntz;nza; ey;Y}u; Nghd;w kiwatu;
rpw;W}u;fs; gy ,Ue;jjhf Nrf;fpohu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu; . ,t;tplq;fspy;
kiwatu; mitfs; ,Ue;J tof;Ffs; tprhupf;fg;gl;ld. gy;ytu;
fhyj;jpy; mt;thwhd ,UgJ Cu;fs; ,Ue;Js;sjhf mwpaKbfpwJ.
cjhuzkhf Nra;Q;QY}upy; gRf;fspd; ghiy tprhurUku;
(rz;NlRtu ehadhu;) tPzhf ,iwtd; jpUTUTf;F Cw;wpa
rk;gtk; crhtg;gl;lijAk;> jpy;iyapy; jpy;iytho; me;jzu;fs;
jpUePyfz;l ehadhu; tof;if tprhupj;jikiaAk;> jpUntz;nza;
ey;Y}upy; kiwatu; mit Re;ju%u;j;jp ehadhu; %yNthiy
fpopj;j tof;if tprhuiz nra;jijAk; vLj;Jf; fhl;lyhk;.

Nrf;fpohu; jdJ ngupaGuhzj;jpy; cld;,wj;jy; mjhtJ
cld;fl;il VWjy; gw;wpf; $wpAs;shu;. clNd capu; tpLjy;> jP
%o;fy;> ifk;ik Nehd;G Nehw;wy; vd cld; ,wj;jy;
%tifg;gLk;. cjhuzkhf mg;gupd; jhahu; cld; capu;
tpl;lijAk;> jpyftjpahu; ifk;ik Nehd;G Nehw;wiyAk;> Nrukhd;
ngUkhs; tpz;top nrd;wijAk;> mtu; giltPuu;fs; (Mgj;Jjtpfs;)
jk;ikj; jhNk ntl;b capu;tpl;lijAk;> rk;ge;jNuhL thjpl;L
Njhy;tp mile;j rkzu;fs; xd;whf fONtwpaijAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;.

gl;lar; rhd;whf 2k; ee;jptu;k gy;yt murd; rkzu; epyq;fisg;
gwpj;J tupapypahfg; gpuhkzUf;F mspj;j gl;laKk;> fsg;gpu
fypaurd; gpuk;k Njaj;ij mopj;jij Fwpg;gpLk; Nts;tpf;Fbg;
32
gl;laKk; ngupaGuhzj;jpNy vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd. rpw;gr;
rhd;whf gy;yt kd;dd; Kd;dpiyapy; Jwtpfs; ,Utu;
fONtw;wg;gLtjhf rpj;jupf;fg;gl;l fhQ;rpr; rpw;gk; gw;wpa Fwpg;G
fhzg;gLfpwJ.

itzt rkaj;jtu; gpw rkaj;jtUf;F nra;j nfhLikfs; gw;wpa
rhd;Wfshf ehif ngsj;j tpfhuj;jpYs;s nghd;dhyhd Gj;ju;
rpiyia jpUkq;ifaho;thu; ftu;e;J gy Nfhapy; jpUg;gzpfs;
nra;jikAk;> njhz;lubg; nghbaho;thu; rkz> ngsj;j
rkaj;jtiur; rpur;Nrjk; nra;a Ntz;Lnkd;w nfhs;if
cilatuhf ,Ue;jjijAk; Nrf;fpohu; Fwpg;gpl;Lf; fhl;bAs;su;.

fzehju; gapw;Wtpj;j rkag; gapw;rpfs; gw;wpf; $Wifapy; :
njhz;lu;fSf;F ee;jtdk; NgZk; gzp> Nfhapypy; Nkw;nfhs;s
Ntz;ba jpUg;gzp Kjypa gzpfs; gw;wp gapw;rp mspj;jjhf
Nrf;fpohu; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;shu;. NkYk; rkzu;> ngsj;ju;fisg; gpd;gw;wp
klq;fis epWtp rupiag; gapw;rpiaAk;> E}w; gapw;rpiaAk;
fzehju; mspj;J te;jjhf mwpaj;je;Js;shu;.

,t;thW gy tuyhw;Wg; gbTfisf; Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Nrf;fpohu;
Nfhapy; mikg;GfisAk;> mit vOe;j fhyq;fs; gw;wpAk; gy
tplaq;fis vLj;Jf;fhl;bAs;su;. ,yf;fpak;> fu;z guk;giuf;
fijfs;> fy;ntl;Lfs;> tuyhw;Wr; rhd;Wfs; vd;gtw;iwnay;yhk;
jpul;bj; njhFj;j ngUk; fhg;gpaNk ngupaGuhzk;. fhtpa ehafu;
Re;juu; tuyhw;iw E}ypd; Kjy;> ,il> filfspy; itj;Jk; >
Re;juuhy; ghlg;gl;l gpw ehad;khu;fs; tuyhWfis ,ilf; fpil
itj;Jk; ghbAs;sik rpwg;igj; jUtjhFk;. fhg;gpa Kiw gpwohJ
efu> ehl;Lr; rpwg;igf; fhl;b fhg;gpa ,yf;fzkhd
ehw;nghUisAk; ,lk;ngw itj;Js;shu; Nrf;fpohu;. NkYk;
njhlu;epiyr; nra;As; tbtpdjhf jpUj;njhz;lu; njhifg;
ghly;fs; gjpndhd;iwAk;> gjpndhU rUf;fq;fshf;fp xt;nthU
rUf;f KbtpYk; Re;juiug; gw;wp nrhy;tJ ngupaGuhzj;Jf;F
NkYk; nkU$l;Ltjhf mike;Js;sJ.

33
irtk; tp sf;Fk; rhd;Wfs irtk; tp sf;Fk; rhd;Wfs irtk; tp sf;Fk; rhd;Wfs irtk; tp sf;Fk; rhd;Wfs; ;; ;


fy;Njhd;wp kz;Njhd;whf; fhyj;jpd; Kd;Njhd;wpg; ngUikAw;w
Fbahf> ,dkhf jkpopdk; gz;ilg; Gytu;fshy; Nghw;wg;gLtij
ehk; mwpNthk;. mg;gbg;gl;l fhyr; nrOik nfhz;l jkpopdk; J}a
irt rkaj;ijNa gpd;gw;wp te;jJ vd gy Md;kPdthjpfSk;>
Ma;thsu;fSk; $Wfpd;wdu;. kj;jpa MrpahtpypUe;J ifgu;
fztha; topahf Mupau;fs; ,e;jpahtpw;Fs; GFe;jNghJ rpe;Jntsp
ehfupfj;J kf;fs; irtj;jpy; jpisj;J Md;kPfthjpfshf mikjp
tho;f;if tho;e;J te;jdu;. ,jd; fhuzj;jpdhy; ,Uk;ghyhd
MAjq;fNshL te;j Mupaiu vjpu;j;J Nghupl;L nty;y KbahJ
,e;jpahtpd; njw;F Nehf;fp mtu;fs; Gyk; ngau;e;jdu;.

Mupaupd; tUiff;Fg; gpw;ghL ,e;Jkjk; vd;w xU ngupa rKj;jpuk;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. ,e;Jkjj;jpd; gpujhd gpupthf irtk;
tpsq;fyhapw;W. irtrkaj;jpd; KOKjy; flTshd rptngUkhid
,e;J kjj;jpd; Vida gpupTfSk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sj; jiyg;gl;ld.
mj;jifg;gl;l irtk; vq;nfy;yhk; ,Ue;J rpwg;Gg; ngw;wJ vd;gij
tpsf;fkha; Nehf;Fq;fhy; Ntjq;fs; njhlf;fk; fhRkPu irtk; tiu
gy rhd;Wfis ,q;F ehk; ghu;f;fKbAk;. kjq;fspd; %y ehbahf
Ntjq;fNs tpsq;Ffpd;wd. me;j Ntjq;fspy; irtj;jpd;
KOKjyhd rptngUkhd; vt;thW vLj;jhsg;gLfpwhu; vd;gij
Kjypy; ghu;g;Nghk;.

Ntjq;fspy; kpfg; gioikahd ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpy; rptd;
cUj;jpudhf rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpd;whu;. cUj;jpud; gaq;fuj;
nja;tkhfTk;> ty;yikkpf;f jiytdhfTk;
cUtfg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;shu;. ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpYk; irtj;jpd;
rw;fhupathjf; Nfhl;ghl;bd; MzpNtuhd cs;sJ xU nghUNs
vd;w rpj;jhe;jk; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. rptd;> ePyfz;ld; vd
milahsk; fhl;lg;gLtNjhL> md;Ng rptk; vd;w gue;j Nehf;Fk;
,Uf;F Ntjj;jpd; %d;W ghly;fspy; vLj;Jf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sd.
mJkl;Lkd;wp ,Uf;F Ntjj;jpd; gj;jhk; kz;lyj;jpy; cUtkw;w
Xupiw topghL gw;wp Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ. cUj;jpud; xNu
flTshff; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L ru;t ty;yikAk; ngw;W Ie;njhopy;fisg;
GupgtuhfTk; fhl;lg;gLfpd;whu;. ,jpypUe;J Njtu;fshy;
Fwpg;gplg;gLk; gpukk; rptNd vd;gij czuKbfpd;wJ.

,Uf;fpy; 33 nja;tq;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;L gy;nja;t topghL
Rl;lg;gl;lhYk;$l ,Wjpapy; Xupiw rptdhfNt czu;j;jg;gLfpd;wJ.
rptNahfk; vdf; $wg;gLfpd;w mwpT> gf;jp> jpahdk;> tzf;fk;>
cWjp Mfpa Ie;J rpt If;fpaf;$Wfs; czu;j;jg;gLfpd;wd.
mj;NjhL jPl;ir KiwfisAk;> ,aw;if topghLfisAk;
fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. Ntjfhy up\pfs; rptngUkhid vy;yhg;
34
nghUs;fspYk; fz;L topgl;ldu;. mjdhNyjhd; Ik;G+jq;fSk;
tzf;fj;Jf;F cupait Mapd. V`k; rj;tpg;uh g`jhtje;jp vd
topnkhopAk; RNyhfk; xupiw vd;gij tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. NkYk;
gtd;> gRgjp> Ju;td;> rq;fud;> rptd;> rptjud; Mfpa ngau;fshYk;
Uj;jpud; miof;fg;gLfpd;whu;. ,jpypUe;J Ntjq;fspy; irtk; ve;j
&gj;jpy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;lJ vd;gij mwpaKbfpwJ.

Ntj fhyq;fspd; ,Wjpf; fhykhd mju;tz fhyj;jpy; Guhzq;fs;
gw;wpg; Ngrg;gl;lNghJk;> jkpo;g; Guhzq;fspNyjhd; irtk;
nry;thf;Fg; ngw;wpUe;jijf; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ. njhz;lu;
ngUik> mbahu; topghL> rpt jpUtpisahly;fs;> gf;jp> jpUePw;wpd;
kfpik> tuyhW> tpujr; rpwg;G> irt rpj;jhe;jf; fUj;Jf;fs; vd;gd
mtw;wpy; tputpf;fple;jd.

mijj; njhlu;e;J ,jpfhrq;fisg; ghu;g;Nghkhdhy; kfhghujj;jpy;
jkpioAk;> irtj;ijAk; vkf;fspj;j mfj;jpau;> Ntjtpahru;>
tpehafu;> gP\;ku;> JNuhzu;> jpUjuhl;bud;> aahjp> Rf;fpuhr;rhupahu;
Nghd;Nwhu; rpt tzf;fk; nra;jij mwpa Kbfpd;wJ. mNjNghy;
,uhkhazj;jpYk; ,uhtzDila rpt gf;jpgw;wp rpwg;gpj;Jf;
$wg;gLfpwJ. gy nja;tf; Nfhl;ghLk;> jhrkhu;f;fKk;
gpd;gw;wg;gl;Ls;sd. KdpGq;ftu;fs; rpt tzf;fk; nra;jik
Rl;bf;fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. gy fpisf; fijfisf; nfhz;litahfTk;>
kfhtp\;Zit Kjd;ikg;gLj;jpAk; ,jpfhrq;fs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk;
gf;jpf;F Kjyplk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ> fpupiafs;> Nts;tpfs;>
tpujq;fs;> jpahdq;fs; vd;gd ,t;tpjpfhrq;fspy; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jd.
kfhghujj;jpy; ghRgjh];jpuk; ngWk; nghUl;L rptid Nehf;fp
mUr;Rdd; jtk; ,Ue;jfij %ykhf irtk; epytpajd;
,d;wpaikahikia czuyhk;. mNjNghy guRuhkdpd; rpt
tzf;fKk;> jtq;fSk; irtj;jpd; Kf;fpaj;Jtj;ij
Fwpj;Jf;ffhl;Lk;.

mLj;jjhf irtk; gw;wpa rq;ffhy rhd;Wfis vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;
gy tplaq;fisAk; mwpe;Jnfhs;sf;$bajhf ,Uf;fpd;wJ. epy
mikg;G topahfg; gy nja;t topghLfs; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; KOKjw;
flTshf rptd; fhzg;gl;lhu;. GwehD}w;wpy; fhupf;fpohuJ xd;gjhk;
ghlypNy rpthyaq;fspy; topghLfs; ele;jjhf Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sJ.
,uhrR+ak; Ntl;l ngUew;fps;sp> gy;ahfrhiy KJFLkpg;
ngUtOjp Nghd;w kd;du;fs; irt ngUNts;tpfs; nra;jjhf
mwpaKbfpd;wJ.

rq;f ,yf;fpa E}y;fs; gytw;wpYk; rptngUkhdpd; gy;NtW
ehkq;fs; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;sd. ePykzp kplw;W xUtd;> fiw kplw;W
mz;zy;> Ejy;tpop ehl;lj;J ,iwNahd;> ePyNkdp thypioghfj;J
xUtd;> gpwth ahf;ifg; ngupNahd;> Kf;fl; nry;td;> Myku;
flTs; vd;gd mtw;Wl; rpythFk;. ghiy epyj;jpd; flTshf
35
nfhw;wit Fwpg;gplg;gLfpd;whs;. ,f; nfhw;witNa gpw;fhyj;jpy;
cikak;ikahf> rf;jpahf topglg;gl;L tUgtshFk;.

rq;f fhyj;jpd; gpd;dhy; Vw;gl;l gy;ytu; fhyj;jpy; gf;jp ,af;fk;
Njhd;wp ehad;khu;fshy; gf;jp> njhz;L> ahj;jpiu> mw;Gjk;
Mfpatw;wpd; Clhf irtk; gputhfpj;njOe;jJ. kNfe;jpu tu;k
gy;yt kd;ddpd; kjkhw;wk; mjw;Nfhu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L. mg;gupd;
irt kPs;gpuNtrk;> rk;ge;jupd; rkz xopg;G vd;gd irtj;jpd;
vOr;rpf;F tpj;jpl;ld. ehad;khu;fspd; gf;jpg; ghly;fshy; kf;fs;
<u;f;fg;gl;L irt rkapfshapdu;. nja;tPff; fhjy; Rl;lg;gl;lJ.
fw;Nfhapy;fs; irtk; Ngrpd. cyfhaj kjq;fSf;Fk;> itjPf
kjq;fSf;Fk; ,ilapy; Vw;gl;l Nghuhl;lj;jpy; gf;jp ,af;fk;
cUthfp itjPf kjq;fs; ntw;wp ngw;wd. mtw;Ws;Sk; irtk;
NkNyhq;fpaJ.

gy;ytu; fhyj;ijg; gpd;gw;wp Nrhou; fhyj;jpy; irtk; ngUtsu;r;rp
ngw;wJ. Nrho kd;du;fSk; toptopr; irtu;fshfNt ,Ue;Js;sdu;.
vdNt irt tsu;r;rpapd; nghw;fhynkd Nrhou; fhyj;ijf;
Fwpg;gplyhk;. gpwehLfSf;Fg; gilnaLg;Gfis Nkw;nfhz;l
Nrhou;fs; mq;nfy;yhk; ngUq;Nfhapy;fis mikj;J irtj;ijg;
gug;gpdu;. irtj; jpUKiwfs; Myaq;fspy; Xjg;gl;ld. irt
,yf;fpaq;fs; cUthapd. fe;jGuhzk;> ngupaGuhzk; Kjypad rpt
topghl;Lf;F Kf;fpaj;Jtk; mspj;jd. irt rpj;jhe;jq;fs;
cUthfpd.

irt rpj;jhe;j rhj;jpuE}y;fs; rptid KOKjw; flTshf
ngUikg;gLj;jpd. irt rpj;jhe;jj;jpd; Kjd;ik thjNk rw;fhupa
thjkhFk;. Ntjq;fs; gpuk;kk;> cyfk; Mfpa ,U nghUl;fis
Muha> irt rpj;jhe;jk; gjp> gR> ghrk; vDk; Kg;nghUl; fis
Muha;e;J njspTgLj;jpaJ. mjdhy; Ntjk; nghJE}y; vd;Wk;>
rpj;jhe;jk; rpwg;GE}nydTk; nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wJ. ,tw;wpdhy; irt
rpj;jhe;jk; Nguwptpd; Kbe;j KbthdJ. Mjprq;fuUk;>
,uhkhD[Uk;> kj;JtUk; Nguwptpd; Kbe;j KbTf;F khWgl;l>
MdhYk; ,izf;fg;glf;$ba Ma;Tfis Kd;itj;jdu;.

Mjprq;fuUila xUikthjf; nfhs;iff;F khWgl;ljhf
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l tPuirtk; goikahdJ. irtj;jpd; xU mq;fkhd
tPuirtk; gd;dpuz;lhk; E}w;whz;by; grtuhy; fd;dl Njrj;jpy;
gug;gg;gl;L> gpd;du; Me;jpuhTf;Fs; Eioe;jJ. ,ypq;fhajk; vdTk;
,J ngau; ngWk;. tPuu;fSila irtk; vdg; nghUs;gLk;. rptdpd;
xU gFjpahd (jdp) Mj;kh mtuplkpUe;J Gwg;gl;L> mtu;
jd;ikiag; ngw;W> Kbtpy; mtuplNk xLq;Ffpd;wJ. mtpj;ij
fhuzkhf khWgLtjhff; fUjp jd;dwpthy; jhd; rptidr;
rhu;e;jJ vd czu;j;JfpwJ. ,uz;bw;Fk; cs;s cwT NgjhNgjk;
MFk;. Md;khtpd; ,yl;rpak; ,iw cwit miljy;. ,jd; %yk;
Ngupd;gj;ij milfpd;wJ. ,jw;F ypq;fh rhku];ak; vd;W ngau;.
36
tPuirtk; FU> ,ypq;fk;> Iq;fkk; vd %d;W gjq;fisf; fhl;Lk;.
NkYk; ,iwaUs; ngw ,k;%d;wpd; xUikg; ghl;Lld; vl;L
topfisf; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ. mit FU> ,ypq;f> Iq;fkk;> tpG+jp>
cUj;jpuhl;rk;> ghNjhjfk;> gpurhjk;> gQ;rhl;ruk; vd;gdthFk;.
,tw;wpd; %yk; Md;kh Md;kPf KOtsu;r;rp ngw;W ,iwtNdhL
xd;whfpwJ.

njhlu;e;J irtj;Jf;fhd rhd;iw fhRkPu irtj;jpy; fhzyhk;. ,J
xUtifahd xUikf; nfhs;ifia cilaJ. ,J jpupfk; (xd;wpy;
%d;W)> ];ge;jk; (xd;wpy; gd;ik)> gpuj;jpagpQ;ir (xd;NwhL
xd;wpizg;G) vDk; ngau;fshYk; miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ. xd;gjhk;
E}w;whz;by; fh];kPupy; tRFg;jUf;F mUsg;gl;lJ. fhRkPu irt
nfhs;ifg;gb Nkhl;rkhdJ KOikAk;> J}a mwpT kakhdJkhd
gioa epiyia miljNy MFk;. Fzj;ijg; gw;wpa fw;gid
fiye;jTld; tpLjiy ngw;w Mj;khthdJ khiaia ntw;wp
nfhz;L gpuk;kj;NjhL ePupy; ePu; fyg;gijg;Nghy ,uz;lwf;
fye;JtpLfpwJ vd mgpetFg;ju; Fwpg;gpLfpwhu;. jpahdj;jpd; %yk;
jdpkq;fs; ahTk; rptd; vd;w nghUshfptpLk;nghOJ cyifg;
gpukkhff; fhzKbAk;. mg;NghJ vd;d Jd;gk;? vd;d kaf;fk;?
fz;zhbapy; tiuag;gl;l rpj;jpuk;Nghy gpupf;f KbahjNghjpYk;
NtWgLtJNghy ,iwAk; (fz;zhb) gpugQ;rKk; (rpj;jpuk;)
Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

,t;thW gy;NtWgl;l rhd;Wfis irtk; gutpAs;sjw;Fr; rhd;whff;
fhl;lKbAk;. KOKjw; flTshf rptngUkhd; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJ
mtUiwAk; irtKk; Kjd;ik ngw;w rkakhNa jpfOk; vd;gjpy;
khw;wk; vf;fhyj;jpYkpy;iy.

37
fiykfSk; fUg;ng fiykfSk; fUg;ng fiykfSk; fUg;ng fiykfSk; fUg;ngh hh hUs;fSk; Us;fSk; Us;fSk; Us;fSk;


Njt cyfkhapDk; rup> G+TyfhapDk; rup> vt;TyfhapDk; rup
fy;tpapd; Njit kpf ,d;wpaikahjJ. me;jf; fy;tpia mUs;gts;
fiyaurp. cyifg; gilj;J vkf;fspj;jtu; gpuk;kh. me;jg;
gpukdpd; Jiztpahd ru];tjpNa vkf;F mj;jpahtrpakhd
fy;tpia mspj;J cau;tspf;fpd;whs;. mwpT G+u;tkhd midj;Jr;
nray;fSk; md;id fiythzpapd; mUl;flhl;rj;jhy; eilngw;Wf;
nfhz;bUf;fpd;wd.

gf;jp> rf;jp> ,uhj;jpup vd;w %d;W nghUs;fspd; xd;wpizg;ghfNt
etuhj;jpupapd; ,Wjpahd kfplhRu tjk; ,lk;ngw;wJ. kfplk;
vd;why; vUik. tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhJ> gpwu; fUj;Jf;F kjpg;gspf;fhJ>
ghijia tpl;L tpyfhj %u;f;f Fzk; cilaJ vUik.
mjdhy;jhd; mg;gbg;gl;ltu;fisg; ghu;j;J vUik vd;W
$Wfpd;whu;fs;. tpl;Lf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk;> gpwu; fUj;Jf;F
kjpg;gspg;gjw;Fk;> jd; jtiw czu;tjw;Fk; xUtUf;F fy;tp
,Uf;fNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. Njtu;fSf;F jPq;F ,ioj;jJ
kl;Lkd;wp Gj;jp $wpatu;fisAk; mtkjpj;J %u;f;fkhf ele;j
kfplhRuid tjk; gz;zpajd; %yk; mtDf;F Rarpe;jidiaAk;>
rupgpioapd; jhw;gupaj;ijAk;> tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikiaAk;
mwpTG+u;tkhf md;id czu;j;jpdhs;.

re;jpudpYk; fsq;fk; cz;L. MapDk; fiyaurp fsq;fNk
,y;yhjts;. nts;isf; fiyALj;J> nts;isg; gzp G+z;lts; .
nts;isf;fpy;iy fs;sr; rpe;ij. mg;gbg;gl;l ntz;ikahdts;.
ngz;ikAk;> ntz;ikAk;> cz;ikAk; xspAs;sit. ,it
%d;Wk; xd;W fye;jts; fiyaurp.

ngz;ikapd; rpwg;ig vLj;J Nehf;FNthkhdhy; fy;tp> nry;tk;>
tPuk;> ntw;wp Mfpa rpwe;j nghUs;fSf;nfy;yhk; ngz; nja;t
tbtj;ij Md;Nwhu; R+l;bAs;shu;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhy; mjw;Ff;
fhuzk; vd;d? epjhdk;> cWjp> nkd;ik> gf;jp> md;G vd; gtw;iw
mzpfyd;fshfg; ngz;fs; nfhz;Ls;sNj MFk;. khdpltuyhw;wpd;
Muk;gj;jpy; FLk;gj;jpd; jiytpahf> r%fj;jpd; jiytpahf
ngz;fs; ,Ue;Js;sdu;. mjdhy; ngz;Fy tuyhW Njhd;wpaJ.
fpNuf;f ehl;bd; Vjd;]; efupy; mjPdh vd;w ngz; nja;tj;ij
kf;fs; topgl;L te;jjhf tuyhW $Wfpd;wJ. NgZk;
jd;ikAilats; ngz;. jha;ik mtSf;F fdpitAk;>
,dpikiaAk; Cl;Lfpd;wJ. ,t;TyfNk jha;f;Fj; jha; ehbr;
nry;tJ. jha;f;F epfu; jhNa. mjdhy;jhd; ngz;izg; Nghw;wp
tsu; vdg; gonkhop toq;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ts;Stu; $WtJNghy
ngz;zhdts; jw;nfhz;lhs; Ngzp jifrhd;W
38
nrhw;fhj;J Nrhu;tpyhs; Mf ,Ug;gjhy; rpwg;gilfpd;whs;.

jd;idAk; Ngzp> jd;idr; rhu;e;NjhiuAk; NgZk;
gz;GilajhNyNa ngz;fisj; nja;tkhfg; Nghw;Wfpd;whu;fs;.
fy;tpf;F fiy vd;W ngau;. fiy Mil vd;w nghUisAk;
ngWk;. Mil ,d;wp kdpjd; tho KbahJ. MfNt kdpjDf;F
Milahf> mzpfydhf cs;soifAk;> Gw moifAk; jUtJ
fy;tp. me;jf; fy;tpf;Fj; jha; ru];tjp.

fy;tpiaf; fw;Wj; Nju;e;J fw;whu; mitapy; fy;tp mwpit
ntspg;gLj;jp gpwUf;Ff; fw;gpj;Jj; jUtjpy; ngUk; kfpo;r;rp
milfpwhs; fiyaurp. mJNghyjhd; jhd; ngw;W jhyhl;b rPuhl;b
tsu;j;j moF kfis mitapd; eLNt itj;J kw;nwhUtUf;F
kidtpahf;fp ifgpbj;Jf; nfhLj;J kfpOk; je;ijAk;. ru];tjp
vd;why; ,d;gj;jpy; ciwgts; vd;gJ nghUs;. ,jdhy;jhd;
fw;NwhUf;F nrd;w ,lnky;yhk; rpwg;Gf; fpilf;fpd;wJ.

mLj;jjhf ntz;ikia vLj;Jf; nfhs;Nthk;. ntz;zpw Milapy;
xU rpW kW njupe;jhy;$l njspthf vLj;Jf;fhl;btpLk;.
mJNghy;jhd; fw;wtu;fs; rpW gpiotpl;lhYk; ngupjhfj; njupAk;.
vdNtjhd; fw;wtu;fs; gpiotplf;$lhJ vd;W $wg;gLfpd;wJ. mJ
fy;tpiaNa ,opT gLj;jptpLk;. mjdhy;jhd; cUg;gspq;F
Nghy;ths; vd; cssj;jpDs;Ns ,Ug;gspq;F thuhJ ,lu; vd;W
fk;gu; ngUkhd; $wpdhu;. fy;tpapy; ngupatu; fk;gu;. mtu;
epidj;jNghJ nts;isg; gzp G+z;lts; mtu; Kd;Nd
Njhd;Wths;. ntz;ik J}a;ikia ntspg;gLj;Jk;. mjd;
fhuzkhfj;jhd; fs;sq; fglkw;wtu;fis nts;is kdk;
gilj;jtu;fs; vd;W $Wfpd;whu;fs;. ghy; ntz;ikAk; RitAk;
cilaJ. murd; jiykPJ ntapy;glhky; gpbg;gJ ntz;
nfhw;wf;Fil. ,itfs; J}a;ikiaAk;> mwj;ijAk;> ,d;gj;ijAk;
fhl;Lk; milahsq;fshFk;.

%d;whtjhf cs;s cz;ikia vLj;Jg; ghu;f;fpd;wNghJ
fy;tpf;Fk; cz;ikf;Fk; neUq;fpa njhlu;igf; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
kiwnkhop khe;ju; epiwnkhop fhl;btpLk; vd;gu;. fy;tpfw;w
J}atu;fs; ngha;k;ik vQ;Qhd;Wk; $wkhl;lhu;fs;. mtu;fs; thf;F
Rj;jkhdJ> cz;ikahdJ. mtu;fs; ehtpy; fiythzp
ciwe;jpUg;ghs;. mtu;fs; kdk; tUe;jp vijr; nrhd;dhYk; mit
gypf;Fk; jpz;ik cilaJ. mJNt ke;jpukhk;. fy;tpapd;
mbg;gilNa tha;ikahFk;. mwepiy jtwhj ,uhkgpuhdJ
fy;tpAk;> gpw capu;fisAk; fhj;j rpgpr;rf;futu;j;jpapd; fy;tpAk;>
nfhLj;j thf;iff; fhg;ghw;w mupr;re;jpud; fw;w fy;tpAk;
cz;ikapd; ntspg;ghLfNs MFk;. ,iwtdplNk new;wpf;
fz;izf; fhl;bDk; Fw;wk; Fw;wNk vd thjhba ef;fPuupd;
fy;tpapd; cz;ikj; jhfj;ij ehk; mwpNthk;. NkYk; tha;ikiaf;
39
fhj;j fu;zd;> tpfu;zd;> Fk;gfu;zd;> tpJud; Nghd;wtu;fspd;
cz;ikj; jd;ikfSk; ekf;Fg; ngUk; ghlq;fshFk;.

nghUshNyh> tPuj;jhNyh xUtUf;F kdepiwitf; nfhLf;f
KbahJ. kdepiwitj; juf;$bats; fy;tpj;jha; ru];tjpNa.
nry;tk; vd;gJ rpe;ijapd; epiwT. kdepiwitj; juty;yJ fy;tp
kl;LNk. mjdhy;jhd; fy;tp fiuapy fw;gtu; ehs; rpy vd
ehybahu; vLj;jpak;GfpwJ. mj;NjhL xUtUf;F nfhLe;jhidf;
Nfhl;loFk; kQ;rs; moFk; mofy;y neQ;rj;Nj fy;tp moNf
moF vd;Wk; $Wfpd;wJ.

fk;gu;> fhspjhru;> mgpuhkpg;gl;lu; Nghd;w gyu; rpwg;Gg; ngw;wJ
fy;tpahNyahFk;. Mgpufhk; ypq;fd;> kfhj;khfhe;jp> [tfu;yhy;
NeU> mwpQu; mz;zh Nghd;wtu;fSk; fy;tpahNyjhd;
rpwg;gile;jhu;fs;. eWQ; iyfisAk;> ePu;j; jlhfq;fisAk;> md;d
rj;jpuq;fisAk;> Myaq;fisAk; epWtijtpl Mq;Nfhu; Viof;F
vOj;jwptpj;jy; Mapuk;Nfhb Gz;zpak; jUk; vd;W fy;tpapd;
ngUikapd; kfj;Jtj;ij mkuftp ghujp Koq;fpdhd;. murNuhL
vk;ikr; rupahrdk; ngwr; nra;gts; fy;tpj; nja;tk; fiyaurpNa
MFk;.

khq;fha;g; ghYz;L kiyNky; ,Ug;Nghu;f;F
Njq;fha;g; ghy; VJf;fb Fjk;gha; vd;W fy;tpapd; gadhf
jpahdj;jpd; %yk; ,jaj;jpNyapUe;J Fz;lypdp rf;jpia vOg;gp>
mijNa czthf cl;nfhz;l Kdptu;fisg; gw;wp md;W
Fjk;igr; rpj;ju; ghbdhu;. Mjyhy; fy;tpapd; ngUik msg;ngupaJ
vd;gij ehk; czu Ntz;Lk;.

vy;NyhUk; fw;gjw;Fk; Nju;r;rpailtjw;Fk; ePq;fs; xt;nthUtUk;
jPu;f;fjuprdk; nra;ayhk; vd;W fy;tpiag; gw;wp fpwP];jtk;
rpwg;gpj;Jf; $Wfpd;wJ. Kk;kzpfs; %ykhf NghjidfisAk;>
rhjidfisAk; Gfl;ba ngsj;jk; tpfhiufs; Clhf fy;tpapd;
,d;wpaikahikia ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;wJ. jdpkdpjdpd; fy;tp
tsu;r;rpNa xU r%fj;jpd; tsu;r;rpf;Fk; mbj;jskpLfpwJ vd;gij
]fhj;> ]jfh %yk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;wJ ,];yhk;.

Mf> vy;yh kjq;fSk;> vy;yh ,d kf;fSk; fy;tpapd; Njitia
Vw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;wdu;. me;j tifapy; ekJ jha;j; jpUehlhk;
,yq;ifapy; fy;tpf;Fj; nja;tkhd fiykfspd; thzptpoh vy;yh
,lq;fspYk; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpd;wJ. ,d> kj NtWghbd;wp
fiyaurpf;F tpoh vLf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;W nrhd;dhy; fy;tpj;
jhapd; ngUikia $wTk; Ntz;LNkh?


40
ghujp fz;l rf;jp ghujp fz;l rf;jp ghujp fz;l rf;jp ghujp fz;l rf;jp


jkpofj;jpd; <L ,izaw;w ftpQuhfg; Nghw;wg;gLgtu; kfhftp.
ftpijfis kf;fs;kag; gLj;jpaNjhL> ahg;Gf;Fk; czu;r;rpf;Fk;
ghykikj;jtu;. mtu; fz;l md;id khngUk; rf;jp nfhz;lts;.
jdf;fhfg; ghlhJ gpwUf;fhfNt ghb cau;e;j ghujpahu; kf;fspd;
eyid Ntz;bNa rf;jpiaAk; tpspj;Jg; ghbapUg;gJ tpe;ijay;y.
tWik te;J tpul;baNghJk; tha;ikiaf; iftplhj ghujpahu;
md;id guhrf;jpapd; md;Gf;F mbikahdtu;. Rthkp ,uhkfpU\;z
guk`k;ru; jd; cs;sf; fplf;ifia ntspg;gLj;jp rupia> fpupia
Kiwfspd; %yk; vt;thW md;idNahL me;epNahd;dpakhfg;
gofpdhNuh mNj Nghd;nwhU ghtidapNyjhd; jd; cs;sj;ij
rf;jpNahL ,izj;J ghkhiy ghbj;Jjpj;J ghujpahUk; mu;r;rpj;jhu;.
jd; rf;jpiaj; J}z;b guhrf;jpia Ntz;b Mbdhu;> ghbdhu;>
mOjhu;> njhOjhu;> Nfhgpj;jhu;> Nrtpj;jhu;> Fiwg;gl;lhu;>
Kiwapl;lhu;. ehl;Lf;fhfTk;> Viokf;fspd; ey; tho;Tf; fhfTk;>
fy;tpf;fhfTk;> fiuapy;yhj; jkpOf;fhfTk; my;Yk; gfYk;
md;idia Ntz;bdhu;.

capupNy capuha;> ,wg;gpYk; capuha;> cz;nlDk; nghUspy;
cz;ikaha;> vd;Ds;Ns ehndDk; nghUsha;> rhfhr; Rluha;
,Ug;gtNs> mKNj> md;Ng> mUkUe;Nj> md;idNa Nghw;wp vd;W
rf;jpia tho;j;jpatu; rf;jpf;F tiutpyf;fzk; fz;lhu;.
,aw;ifnad;Wk;> ,ize;jpLk; Ik;G+jq;fnsd;Wk;> nraw;ifapd;
rf;jpnad;Wk;> jPnad;Wk;> mwpntd;Wk;> <rndd;Wk;> md;GW
Nrhjpnad;Wk;> ,d;gnkd;Wk;> vz;zU Jd;gnkd;Wk; gyu; gythWk;
$Wtjhfg; ghujp $Wfpd;whu;. mNj Neuj;jpy; md;idia mg;gb
jdpikg;gLj;jpf; $wKbahJ vd;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;L ahJkhfp epd;wha;
fhsp vq;Fk; eP epiwe;jha; vd cs;epWj;jp xd;whfpg; gythfp
capUf;F epfuhfp xspu;fpd;w epiwthd rf;jpnad;W mbj;Jf;
$wpdhu;.

fhzp epyk; Ntz;Lk; vd;w ghlypd; %yk; rpwe;j xU FLk;g
tho;tpw;Fupa R+oiyr; rpj;jupj;jtu; mq;Fk; md;idapd; mUs;
gutNtz;Lnkd ,iwQ;Rtijg; ghUq;fs;. fhzp epyj;jpilNa
xU khspif fl;bj;ju Ntz;Lk;> mq;F NfzpaUfpdpNy
gj;Jg;gd;dpuz;L njd;idfSk; Ntz;Lk;> njd;idkuf;
fPw;WkpsePUk; Ntz;Lk; vd;gNjhL epd;Wtplhky; ghl;Lf;
fye;jplNt mq;NfnahU gj;jpdpg; ngz; NtZk;> vq;fs; $l;Lf;
fspapdpNy ftpijfs; nfhz;L juNtz;Lk; vd;Wk; Ntz;Lfpd;whu;.
NkYk; me;jf; fhw;W ntspapdpNy mk;kh epd;wd;
fhtYwNtz;Lk; vd md;idia md;Gld; Ntz;b vd;wd; ghl;Lj;
jpwj;jhNy ,t;itaj;ijg; ghypj;jpl Ntz;Lk; vd;Wk; jk;
41
cs;sf;fplf;ifia ntspg;gLj;jpAs;shu;. vy;yhtw;wpw;Fk; Nkyhfj;
jd;idj; jplg;gLj;jpf; nfhs;s Kide;jtu; vz;zpa Kbjy;
Ntz;Lk;> jpz;zpa neQ;rk; Ntz;Lk;> njspe;j ey;ywpT Ntz;Lk;
vd rf;jpaplk; ruz; milfpd;whu;.

ey;yNjhu; tPiz nra;Nj mij
eyq;nfl GOjpapy; vwptJz;Nlh?
nrhy;yb rptrf;jp vidr;
Rlu;kpF mwpTld; gilj;Jtpl;lha;
ty;yikjhuhNah ,e;j khepyk;
gaDw tho;tjw;Nf
vd;w ghlypd; Clhf eyNkhL gilf;fg;gl;l capu;fnsy;yhk; ,e;j
cyfj;jpy; mlf;FKiwahYk;> mbikj; jdj;jhYk; GOjpapNy
Guo;tJ KiwahFkh? mwpNthL vd;idg; gilj;Jtpl;lhy; kl; Lk;
NghjhJ khe;jupd; Jd;gj;ijAk; vLj;Jr; nrhy;Yk; ty;yikiaAk;
juNtz;Lk; vd;W Nfl;fpd;whu;.

cyf ge;j ghrq;fspNy %o;fp> vd;id ehd; ,oe;J fy;kdk;
gilj;jtdhf thohky; ,Ug;gjw;Fk;> ,y;yhNjhUk;>
jho;j;jg;gl;NlhUk;> mdhijfSk; jiyepkpu;e;J tho;tjw;Fk;
Kjypy; Nkhfj;ijf; nfhd;WtpL my;yhnyd;wd; %r;ir
epWj;jptpL> ge;jj;ij ePf;fptpL my;yhYapu; ghuj;ijg; Nghf;fptpL
vd;Wk; cs;sk; FspuhNjh? ngha;ahzt Cdk; xopahNjh? fs;sk;
cUfhNjh? mk;kh gf;jpf; fz;zPu; ngUfhNjh? vd;Wk;
ehj;jOjOf;f cyfj;J ehafpia kfhftp ghujpahu; Ntz;Lfpwhu;.
cyfj;J ehafpNa vq;fs; Kj;J khupak;kh vd;W tpspj;jtu; gy
fw;Wk; gy Nfl;Lk; gandhd;Wk; ,y;iyab> epiynaq;Fk;
fhztpy;iy> epd;ghjk; ruz; GFe;Njhk; vdr; ruzilfpd;whu;.
NjbAidr; ruzile;Njd; Nfljid ePf;fpLtha;> ghbAidr;
ruzile;Njd; Nfhbeyk; nra;jpLtha;> Fiwfnsy;yhk;
jPu;j;jpLtha; vd;W rhe;jpaile;jtu; rf;jpaplk; ntw;wpia
Ntz;Lfpd;whu;. vLj;j fhupak; ahtpDk; ntw;wp> vq;F Nehf;fpDk;
ntw;wp> kw;whq;Nf tpLj;j tha;nkhopf; nfq;fZk; ntw;wp>
Ntz;bNdDf; fUspdhs; fhsp vd;wtu; ahu; ahu; ve;jf; fhupak;
vg;gb ntw;wpngw Ntz;Lnkd;W Kaw;rpiaf; iftplhky;
Kaw;rpf;fpd;whu;fNsh mtu;fSf;F epr;rak; ntw;wp fpl;Lk; vd;gij
jLj;J epw;gJ nja;tkNjDk;> rhU khdplkhapDk;> m/ijg;
gLj;Jkha;g;ghs; mUl;ngUq;fhsp ghupdpy; vdf;FWkhNw vd
khu;jl;bf; $Wfpd;whu;.

jd;id kwe;J rfy cyfpdiuAk;> kd;d epjq; fhf;Fk;
k`hrf;jp vd Mjpguhrf;jpia ,dk; fhl;Lfpwhu; vq;fs; ghujp.
NkYk; ghujpahu; jhd; fz;l rf;jpia tQ;ridapd;wpg; gifapd;wpr;>
42
R+jpd;wp itaf khe;jnuy;yhk; jQ;rnkd;Nw ciug;gPu; mts; Ngu;
rf;jp vd;W ntspg;gLj;Jfpd;whu;. njhlu;e;J ck;gu;f;Fk; ,k;gu;f;Fk;
tho;T jUk; gjNk rf;jp vd;Wk;> kioAk;> fhw;Wk; guhrf;jp
nra;if fhz; vdTk; Fwpg;gpLfpd;whu;. mj;NjhL tpl;Ltplhky;
rf;jp rf;jpnad;W nrhy;Y> nfl;l rQ;ryq;fs; ahtpidAk;
nfhy;Y> Xk; rf;jpjidNa ruzk; nfhs;S> vd;Wk; rhtpDf; Nfhu;
mr;rkpy;iy js;S vd ,iwahfr; rf;jpia vLj;jpak;Gfpd;whu;.

,t;thW gy;NtW tbtq;fspNy> gy;NtW epiyfspNy rf;jpapd;
tbtj;ijf; fz;ltu; ghujp. ek;gpNdhu; nfLtjpy;iy> ehd;F
kiwj;jPu;g;G> mk;gpifiar; ruz;GFe;jhy; mjpftuk; ngwyhk;
vd;wtu;. Ik;G+jq;fshfTk;> Ik;nghwpfshfTk;> vz; jpirfshfTk;>
,aw;ifapd; Njhw;wq;fshfTk; Mjpguhrf;jpia cs;sj;jhy;
czu;e;jtu;. neQ;R nghWf;Fjpy;iyNa ,e;j epiynfl;l khe;jiu
epide;Jtpl;lhy; vd;W Ntjidg;gl;L Jtz;l ghujp> mNj
kf;fspd; ey;tho;Tf;fhf rf;jpapd; ghjq;fspy; ruz; GFe;jhu;. ghujp
fz;l rf;jp> rfy rf;jpfisAk; jd;Ds; mlf;fpa kfhrf;jp.
Neu;ikg; nghUshfTk;> Neupy; cUthfTk; epd;W epiyj;J
mUs;GupAk; mfpyhz;Nl];tup.

,t;thW vkJ mkuftp ghujpahu; ve;jr; nraYf;Fk;> ve;j
epfo;tpw;Fk; rf;jpia Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp> mts; %ykhfNt mupa
ngupa fUj;Jf;fis Kd;itf;fpd;whu;. nja;tkhf> md;idahf>
Mrhdhf rf;jpia milahsg;gLj;Jfpwhu;. mtu; ghba mjpfsthd
ghly;fspd; %yg; nghUshfr; rf;jpNa tpsq;Ffpd;whs;. rf;jp
ghujpapd; ehtpNy nghUSWk; ftpahf eu;j;jdk; Gupfpd;whs;. ghujp
fhl;ba topapy; ehKk; nrd;W md;id rf;jpapd; mUisg;
ngWNthkhf.

43
ehtyUk; tpGyhde;jUk ehtyUk; tpGyhde;jUk ehtyUk; tpGyhde;jUk ehtyUk; tpGyhde;jUk; ;; ;


<oj;jpd; ,izapy;yh ,U ngUk; jkpo;g; ngupahu;fs; mUl;bU
MWKf ehtyUk;> Rthkp tpGyhee;jUk; Mthu;fs;. jkpo; tsu;j;j
je;ijau;fs; mtu;fs;. nrhy;ypYk;> nraypYk; Nrhu;tpy;yhj;
J}atu;fs;. ,yq;ifj; jkpou;fspd; jhafg; G+kpfs; vdg;gLk;
tlkhfhzj;J ey;Y}upNy gpwe;j ehtyu; mtu;fSk;> fpof;F
khfhzj;jpNy gpwe;j tpGyhde;j mbfshu; mtu;fSk; NtW
Ntwplj;jpy; ,Ue;jNghjpYk; nfhs;ifahYk;> nrayhYk; xd;W
fye;J fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

1822k; Mz;by; mtjupj;j ehtyu; mtu;fs; Muk;gpj;Jr;
nraw;gLj;jpa rPupa gzpia 1892k; Mz;by; mtjupj;j tpGyhde;j
mbfs; mtu;fs; njhlu;e;J jpwk;gl nraYUg;gLj;jpdhu;. Kd;dtu;
gzpAk;> gpd;dtu; gzpAk; xU ,yl;rpaj;ij mbg;gilahff;
nfhz;ljhfNt fhzg;gl;ld. MWKf ehtyu; mtu;fs; mfj;jpa
khKdpiag; Nghd;W cUtjjpy; rpwpatuhff; fhzg;gl;lNghJk;
fy;tp> Nfs;tpfspy; ngupatuhfNt fhzg;gl;lhu;. elkhLk;
thrpfrhiyahfg; Nghw;wpg; Gfog;gl;lhu;. Rthkp tpGyhde;jNuh
tpRthkpj;jpu Kdptiug;Nghd;W fk;gPuj; Njhw;wKk; mjw;Nfw;w
jplrpe;ijAk;> mwpthw;wYk; kpf;ftuhf jpfo;e;jhu;. epidthw;wypy;
epfuw;wtu; vdg; ghuhl;lg;gl;lhu;. Kd;dtu; gl;lk; ngwh Nkij.
gpd;dtu; gl;lk; ngw;w Qhdp. ,UtUNk Mq;fpyk;> jkpo;>
rk];fpUjk; Mfpa Kk;nkhopfspYk; ghz;bj;jpak; ngw;wtu;fs;.
ehtyu; mtu;fs; fhtpAil jupahj Jwtpahf tho;e;jtu;.
tpGyhde;ju; jPl;ir ngw;W fhtpALj;jp Jwtpahdtu;. Mdhy;
,UtUNk ,y;ywk; jk;Kila NritfSf;F jilaha;
,Uf;Fnkd;w fhuzj;jhy; mij xJf;fpatu;fs;. ,UtUNk ,e;jpa
jkpofj;NjhL neUq;fpa njhlu;G nfhz;ltu;fs;. jkf;nfd thohJ
gpwu;f;nfd tho;e;J ngUik gy gilj;jtu;fs;.

moF jkpNohL irt Mrhuj;ijAk; fl;bf;fhj;j mUe;jtg; Gjy;tu;
MWKf ehtyu; mtu;fis rpwpJ jdpj;Jg; ghu;g;Nghkhdhy; Mq;Nf
mupa gy nghf;fprq;fs; mzpnra;tijf; fhzyhk;. mur
gyj;jhYk;> nghUl; gfl;lhYk; Md;kPf kjkhd irt rkaj;ij
mopTg; ghijf;F fpwp];jtg; ghjpupkhu; ,l;Lr; nrd;Wnfhz;bUe;j
fhy fl;lj;jpNyjhd; Ie;jhk; Futu; vdg; Nghw;wg;gLk; MWKf
ehtyu; mtu;fs; Njhd;wpdhu;. fpwp];jtg; ghlrhiyapy; Mq;fpyk;
fw;w mtu; Ngu;rpty; ghjpupahuhy; mNj ghlrhiyapy; Mq;fpy
Mrpupauhf mku;j;jg;gl;lNjhL> nkhop ngau;g;ghsuhfTk;
flikahw;w itf;fg;gl;lhu;. mj;Jld; Mrpupau;fSf;F jkpioAk;
fw;gpj;jhu;. mit kl;Lkd;wp Mq;fpy nkhopapyike;j tptpypa
Ntjj;ij jkpo; nkhopg;gLj;Jk; ghupa nghWg;igAk; Vw;W jpwk;gl
epiwNtw;w cWJiz Gupe;jhu;. ,e;j epiyapNyjhd; irtu; fis
44
fpwp];jtu;fshf;Fk; kjkhw;w eltbf;iffs; jPtpuk; ngw; wd. ,ijg;
nghWf;f Kbahj MWKf ehtyu; mtu;fs; jk; Mrpupaj; njhopiy
cjwpj; js;sptpl;L fpwp];jt fz;ldg; gpuRuq;fis vOjp ntspapl
Muk;gpj;jhu;. Nfhapy;fspNy Kjd; Kjypy; irtj;jpd; ngUikfis
tpsf;fp mupa gpurq;fq;fis nra;J te;jhu;. fpwp];jtj;ijg; gug;g
fpwp];jt ghlrhiyfs; ,Ug;gijg;Nghy irt rka cz;ikfis
gug;g irtg; ghlrhiyfs; cUthf;fg;glNtz;Lnkd irt
mgpkhdpfsplKk;> gzk; gilj;j md;gu;fsplKk; Ntz;LNfhs;
tpLj;jhu;. KO %r;rhf cioj;J aho;g;ghzj;jpy;
tz;zhu;gz;izapy; irt tpj;jpahrhiy xd;iwj; jhgpj;J jhNk
Cjpakpd;wp irtk;> jkpo; Mfpa ghlq;fisf; fw;gpj;jhu; . gpd;du;
jk; khztu;fisf; nfhz;L fw;gpj;jJ kl;Lkd;wp GNyhypapYk;>
Nfhg;ghapYk; NkYk; ,U irt tpj;jpahrhiyfis Vw;gLj;jpdhu;.
,itfSf;F Nkyhf ,e;jpahtpy; jkpo;ehl;bd; rpjk;guj;jpYk; gy
f\;lq;fSf;Fk; kj;jpapy; irt tpj;jpahrhiy xd;iw epWtpdhu;.

,yq;ifapYk;> jkpofj;jpYk; gy gpurq;fq;fisr; nra;J rd;khdk;
jpul;b jkpOk;> irtKk; jioj;Njhq;f mr;R ,aw;jpunkhd; iw
jkpofj;jpypUe;J nfhs;tdT nra;jhu;. mjd; %yk; ghyghlk; vd;w
Gjpa E}iy vOjp> mr;rpl;L irt tpj;jpahrhiyfspy; fw;gpf;f
tpl;lhu;. irtrka mDl;lhdq;fis tpsf;fp irt tpdhtpil
Nghd;w E}y;fis vOjp ntspapl;lhu;. jpUtpisahlw; Guhzk;>
ngupaGuhzk; Nghd;w E}y;fis trd eilapy; vOjp jkpo;
,yf;fpa tuyhw;wpNyNa xU iky;fy;iyg; gjpj;jhu;. trdeil
fz;l ts;syhu; vdg; ngaiug; ngw;whu;. <oj;jpy; kl;Lky;yhJ
jkpofj;jpYk; jd;NdhL thjpl;l ,yf;fpa> ,yf;fzg; Gypfis
GwKJfplr; nra;jhu;. jkpofj;jpy; r%f xUikg;ghl;Lf;fhfg;
ghLgl;Lte;j ts;syhu; ,uhkypq;f mbfshUila mUl;ghf;fs;
Myaq;fspy; Njthu> jpUthrfq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf Xjg;gLtjw;F
kWg;Gj; njuptpj;J kUl;gh fz;ldj;ij ntspapl;lhu;.
jpUthtLJiw MjPdj;jhu; md;dhupd; ehtd;ikia nkr;rp ehtyu;
vd;w gl;lj;ij toq;fp nfsutpj;jdu;. ,t;thW jkJ Ik;gj;jpahW
taJtiu> tho;ehs; KOtJk; jkpioAk;> irtj;ijAk; jk;kpU
fz;fshfg; ghJfhj;J tsu;f;f mUk;ghLgl;lhu;. ,jdhw;whd;
mtu;fis ey;iyefu; MWKfehtyu; gpwe;jpyNuy; nrhy;Y jkpo;
vq;Nf> RUjpnaq;Nf vd;W czu;r;rpAld; cau;j;jp Gfo;e;J ghbg;
Nghw;wpdu;.

,Nj Nghd;Wjhd; ,isatuhd Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; mtu;fis
vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhYk; vj;jidNah mupa nra;jpfis
mwpe;Jnfhs;s KbAk;. Nghu; tPudhfg; Gwg;gl;l tpGyhee;j mbfs;
Kj;jkpo; tpj;jfdhf tpuptile;j tuyhNw mtu; tpNtfj;Jf;F
vLj;Jf; fhl;lhFk;. jkpo; ,yf;fpa tuyhw;iw kf;fs;kag; gLj;jpa
khngUk; ftpQd; ghujpia ghu; mwpaitj;j gd;nkhopg; Gytu;
Rthkp tpGyhee;ju;. kjq;fR+shkzp vDk; ehlf xg;gPl;L E}y; %yk;
ehlff; fiyia ehlwpar; nra;jhu;. ntspehl;lwpQu; tpNtfj;Jf;F
45
cs;ehl;lwpQu;fs; fPo;g;gl;ltu;fs; my;yu; vd;gij jd; vOj;Jr;
rhJupaj;jhy; ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;. Mq;fpyj;jpy; mbfs; vOjpa
fl;Liufs; mij mj;jhl;rpg;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

gy;fiyf; fofq;fspy; jkpo;j;Jiwg; Nguhrpupauhf tpsq;fpa Rthkp
tpGyhde;ju; mtu;fs; ,ofpa kdJilatuhfTk;> mNj Neuj;jpy;
vLj;j fUkj;ij Kbf;Fk; ty;yik ngw;wtuhfTk; fhzg;gl;lhu;.
,yq;ifapd; fpof;fpNy mwpahik ,Uis tpul;l ,uhkfpU\;z
rq;fg; ghlrhiyfis mikj;J mwpnthspiag; gug;gpdhu;.
mdhijfspd; my;yiyj; jPu;f;f mdhij tpLjpfis mikj;jhu;.
fy;tpAk;> fUizAk; mtu; fz;fshapd. ghtyDf;Fg;
ghtydhfTk;> ehtyDf;F ehtydhfTk;> jkpOf;F ey;y
fhtydhfTk; ekJ mbfshu; gzp nra;jhu;.

,irapd; EZf;fq;fisAk;> aho;fspd; tiffisAk; JUtp
Muha;e;J Vw;wk; kpf;f ,irE}yhd aho;E}iy ,aw;wp <oKjw; gdp
,kak;tiu nfhb fl;Lk; ,irj;jkpodhf tbntLj;jhu;. <rd;
ctf;Fk; ,d;kyu;fisg; ghthf;fp ,iwtd; ghjq;fspy; jk;
,jaj;ijNa rku;g;gpj;jhu;. cyfj;jpd; Kjy; jkpo;g; Nguhrpupau;>
Kj;jkpo; Kdptu;> nkhopngau;g;gpy; Kjy;tu; vd;nwy;yhk; gythWk;
ghuhl;lg;ngw;wtu; Rthkp tpGyhde;ju;. ,yq;ifapd; ,uhkfpU\;z
rq;fj;jpd; jiyikg; nghWg;Ngw;W guk`k;rupd; Nghjidfisg;
gug;gpaNjhL r%f> Md;kPf> ,yf;fpa rhjidfSf;Fk; tpj;jpl;lhu;.
gpd;jq;fpa fpuhkq;fspd; mgptpUj;jpf;F mj;jpghukpl;lhu;.

Vw;wk; kpf;f ,UngUk; tpj;jfu;fshd MWKf ehtyu;
mtu;fisAk;> Rthkp tpGyhde;ju; mtu;fisAk; ve;jf; Nfhyj;jpy;
vLj;Jg;ghu;j;jhYk; mtu;fspilNa Ntw;Wikiatpl xw;WikNa
ngUksT fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ,UtUk; ge;j ghrq;fisj; Jwe;j
gFj;jwpTthjpfs;. vOj;Jj; JiwapYk; rup> Ngr;Rj;JiwapYk; rup
,UtUNk VWeil Nghl;ltu;fs;. fw;gpf;Fk; Mrhd;fshf kl; Lkd;wp
fUizapd; tbtq;fshfTk; mtu;fs; ,Ue;jij ahUNk
kwf;fKbahJ. jkpOf;Fk;> irtj;Jf;Fk; ,UtUNk jk;khypad;w
njhz;lhw;wpAs;sij rupj;jpuk; vd;WNk kiwf;f KbahJ.
,UtUNk jkf;nfd thohJ jkJ rKjhaj;Jf;fhf thoe;J
Nritahw;wpa Nguwpthsu;fs;.

itaj;Js; tho;thq;F tho;gtu; thDiwAk;
nja;tj;Js; itf;fg;gLk; vd;w nja;tg; Gytupd;
mUs;thf;Ff;Nfw;g ehtyUk;> Rthkp[pAk; nja;tkpy;yhtpl;lhYk;
nja;tj;jd;ik nfhz;ltu;fNs vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy. tho;f irtk;!
tsu;f jkpo;!



46
Njrp a czu;r;rp Ak; ftp ijfSk Njrp a czu;r;rp Ak; ftp ijfSk Njrp a czu;r;rp Ak; ftp ijfSk Njrp a czu;r;rp Ak; ftp ijfSk; ;; ;


xU ehl;bd; Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fk;> jd;dhl;rp mjpfhu ,iwikf;Fk;
Njrpa czu;T ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;. Njrpa czu;r;rpjhd; xU
ehl;bd; tsu;r;rpf;Fk;> cau;r;rpf;Fk; tpj;jhf mikfpwJ. Njrpa
czu;r;rp NkNyhq;fhj ehLfs; ,d;Wk; mbik ehLfshfTk;>
mgptpUj;jp Fd;wpa ehLfshfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ag;ghd;>
gpupj;jhdpah> mnkupf;fh Nghd;w ehLfs; Njrpa czu;r;rpapy; tPW
nfhz;L vOe;j fhuzj;jhy;jhd; cyfpNyNa nry;tk; kpf;f
ehLfshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

gy;ypd kf;fs; thOfpd;w ,yq;if> ,e;jpah Nghd;w ehLfspNy
Njrpa czu;r;rp NkNyhq;f Ntz;baJ kpf kpf mtrpakhFk;.
nkhopahy;> kjj;jhy;> ,dj;jhy; NtWgl;Ls;s kf;fs; jk;kpilNa
xd;Wgl;L xUehl;L kf;fs; vd;w czu;itg; ngw;Wf; nfhs; tjw;F
Njrpa czu;T xU ce;Jrf;jpahfj; jpfo;fpd;wJ.
,dq;fSf;fpilNa Gupe;Jzu;it Vw;gLj;jp xd;Wgl;l If;fpaj;NjhL
rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; Njrpa czu;r;rpapd;
KOikahd tbtj;ij ngw;Wf;nfhs;s KbAk;. Njrpa czu;T
NkNyhq;Ffpd;wNghJ gaq;futhj eltbf;iffSk;
kiwe;JNghff;$ba tha;g;G Vw;gLfpd;wJ. xw;WikAk;> mikjpAk;>
tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikAk; rkhjhdj;ij Vw;gLj;j ty;yd.
mtw;wpd; Clhf ,yFthf mgptpUj;jpia milaKbAk;.
mgptpUj;jp vd;gJ xU ehl;bd; midj;Jg; gpuNjrq;fspYk;
,lk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. tsq;fSk;> cupikfSk;> cw;gj;jpfSk; ,d>
kj> nkhop NtWghbd;wp midtUf;Fk; rkkhfg;
nghJthf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd; Njrpa czu;r;rp
kyu;r;rpailAk;.

,dq;fSf;fpilNa gpuptpidthjKk;> kjq;fSf;fpilNa FNuhj
kdg;ghd;ikAk;> nkhopfSf;fpilNa Nghl;b nghwhikfSk;
Vw;gbd; mit gaq;futhjj;Jf;F toptFg;gNjhL> Njrpa
czu;r;rpiaAk; ghjpg;gilar; nra;Ak;. kfhj;khfhe;jp>
Mgpufhk;ypq;fd;> kfhgPw;wu;> kfhgpulupf;> b.v];.Nrdehaf;fh
Nghd;wtu;fs; Njrpa czu;r;rp vd;w MAjj;jpd; %yk; jj;jkJ
ehLfSf;F tpLjiyiaAk;> Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ngw;Wf; nfhLj;jdu;.

tpLjiy! tpLjiy!!
njd;id kuj;Jf;Fk; tpLjiy!
gid kuj;Jf;Fk; tpLjiy! vd;W mkuftp ghujpahu; mtu;fs;
Vd; ghbdhu;fs; vd;W nrhd;dhy;> tpLjiy xU ehl;bd; kf;fsplk;
kl;Lkd;wp kuk;> nrb> nfhbfSf;Fk; Vw;glNtz;Lk; vd;gij
typAWj;jNt.

47
Njrpak; vd;W nrhy;Yk;NghJ mr;nrhy; ek;Kila nrhe;jk;>
ek;KilaJ vd;Dk; czu;it Vw;gLj;Jtij czuyhk;. NtW
xU ehL ekJ ehl;ilj; jhf;f Kw;gLk;NghJ ehk; ,yq;ifau;
vd;w Njrpa czu;T tPW nfhz;nlOtij czuKbAk;. ,uz;lhk;
cyf kfhAj;jj;jpd;NghJ gilg;gyk; kpf;f N[u;khdpauplkpUe;J
gpupj;jhdpahitf; fhg;ghw;w mg;Nghija gpujku; Nru;.tpd;rd; ru;r;rpy;
Njrpa czu;r;rpiaNa gpupj;jhdpag; gilfsplk; gputhfpf;fr;
nra;jhu;.

ehk; ,Uf;Fk; ehL eknjd;gJ mwpe;Njhk; vd;w epiyia Njrpa
czu;r;rpapd; %yk;jhd; vl;lKbAk;. ngUk;ghd;ik ,d kf; fs;
rpWghd;ik ,d kf;fis mlf;fp xLf;fp tho Kw;glf;$lhJ.
mt;thW Kaypd; mJNt Njrpa czu;it kOq;fbf;fr;
nra;JtpLk;. ek; xt;nthUtu; cs;sj;jpYk; Njrpa czu;T
cw;gj;jpahf Ntz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd; mlk;gd; nfhbAk;
jpuz;lhy; kpLf;F vd;gJNghy ek; xt;nthUtuJk; Njrpa
czu;Tfs; xd;Wgl;L ngUk; Njrpa vopw;rpia Vw;gLj;j KbAk;.

xd;Wgl;lhy; cz;L tho;T xw;Wik ePq;fpd; ek; midtu;f;Fk;
jho;T vd;w ghujpapd; itu tupfSf;F Vw;whw;Nghy; fpA+gh> ypgpah
Nghd;w ehLfs; Vfhgj;jpaj;Jf;F vjpuhf Njrpa czu;itj; jl;b
vOg;gp xd;Wgl;L jkJ tpLjiyia cWjp nra;jd. vdNt ekJ
ehL> ekJ kf;fs;> ekJ cw;gj;jp vd;w Njrpaj;ij xt;nthU
tplaj;jpYk; ehk; xt;nthUtUk; tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
Njrpaj;jpd; Kd; ve;jg; gpuptpidfSk;> ve;j Ntw;WikfSk;
Vw;glf;$lhJ. Njrpak; ekJ ,uj;jj;jpNy fye;J ehb> euk;GfspNy
ghaNtz;Lk;. Nrhk;giy tpul;b> RWRWg;ig Vw;gLj;jp> Kaw;rpia
tpupthf;fp> If;fpaj;ij tsu;j;J mgptpUj;jpiaj; juty;yJ Njrpa
czu;T.

,e;jj; Njrpa czu;T tPWnfhz;L vOtjw;F tbfhyhf
mike;jtu;fs; ,isQu;fNs MFk;. Kjpatu;fis tpl
,isQu;fNs Njrpa czu;r;rpia cUthf;Ftjpy; Kf;fpa gq;if
tfpf;fpd;whu;fs;. ,d;iwa ,isQu;fs; ehisa jiytu;fs;.
mg;gbg;gl;l ,isQu;fs; ehl;bd; KJnfYk;Gf;Fr; rkkhdtu;fs;.
vdNt xU ehl;bd; vOr;rpf;Fk;> tPo;r;rpf;Fk; Cd;WNfhyhf cs;s
,isQu;fs; Njrpa czu;r;rp kpf;ftu;fshf ,Uf;fNtz;baJ
,d;wpaikahjjhFk. ,isQu;fNs Njrpag; Nghuhl;lj;jpd; typik
kpf;f MAjq;fs;. ,isQu;fs; Njrpa czu;T mw;wtu;fshf
,Ue;Jtpl;lhy; mtu;fs; thOk; ehL Mw;wy; ,oe;J> mikjp
,oe;J> my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg;gl;L mbikg;gl;LtpLk;. mjdhy;jhd;
Rthkp tpNtfhde;ju; xU rKjhak; tPW nfhz;L voNtz;Lkhdhy;
Kjypy; ,isQu;fs; tpopj;njo Ntz;Lk; vd;W $wpdhu;. vg;gb
xU ,isQDf;F jd;Dila tPl;by; ghrKk;> NerKk;> nghWg;Gk;
cs;sNjh mijtpl Nkyhf mtd; jhd;gpwe;j ehl;bd;kPJk; Njrpa
48
czu;r;rp kpf;ftdhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mjdhy;jhd; ngw;w jhAk;>
gpwe;j nghd;dhLk; ew;wJ thdpy; edprpwe;jJ vd;W
GJikf;ftpQd; ghujp ghbdhd; NghYk;. Njrpa czu;r;rp
,y;yhjtu;fs; kuf;fl;ilf;Fr; rkkhdtu;fs;. xU rKjhak;
ey;yjhf> ty;yjhf jpfoNtz;Lkhdhy; mq;F Njrpa czu;T
kpspu Ntz;Lk;.

xU ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;Fk;> Rje;jpuj;Jf;Fk; Kf;fpa gq;fhspfshf
cs;stu;fs; ,isQu;fNs. Mjyhy; ,isQu;fs; Njrpa czu;T
kpf;ftu;fshf khwNtz;baJ fhyj;jpd; fl;lhakhFk;.
Kjpatu;fSk;> rpwpatu;fSk; ,isQu;fisNa ek;gpAs;sdu;.
mjdhy;jhd; mtu;fspNyNa jq;fpAs;sdu;. vdNt ,we;j
fhyj;ijAk;> vjpu; fhyj;ijAk; ,izf;Fk; ghykhd ,isQu;fs;
Njrpa czu;r;rp cs;stu;fshf ,Ue;Nj MfNtz;Lk;.

nraY}f;fk; kpf;f ,isQu;fs; Njrpa czu;tpy; jpisj;njo
Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; mtu;fs; KOik milaKbAk;. kfh
mnyf;rhd;lu;> Nghdghu;l; neg;Nghypad; Nghd;w tPuu;fs; ,sikapy;
Njrpa czu;T kpf;ftu;fshf cUntLj;j fhuzj;jhNyjhd;
Njrpaj;jiytu;fshf Nghw;wg;gl;lhu;fs;. kfhj;khfhe;jp> khu;bd;
Y}ju;fpq; Nghd;wtu;fs; Njrpa czu;r;rpahy; ce;jg;gl;L
my;yy;fspd; kj;jpapy; mfpk;ir topiag; gpd;gw;wp Nghuhb
ntw;wpngw;whu;fs;. ,uhZt> nghyP]; Ml;Nru;g;gpYk;> mgptpUj;jpj;
jpl;lq;fspYk; ,isQu;fisj; njupe;njLg;gjd; Kf;fpa Nehf;fNk
mtu;fs; Njrpa czu;r;rp kpf;ftu;fshff; fhzg;gLtJjhd;

Njrpa czu;r;rpia Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ,isQu;fNshL Njrpa
czu;r;rpkpf;f ghly;fSk; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij tfpf;fpd;wd. mkuftp
ghujpahiu xU Njrpaf; ftpQuhf ,dk;fhl;baJ mtuJ Njrpa
czu;T+l;Lk; ghly;fNs. xLf;fg;gl;l xU rKjhak; jdJ
nkhopia> fyhrhuj;ij> gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fis> cupikfisg;
ghJfhf;Fk; Kfkhf elhj;Jk; xU Nghuhl;lj;jpd; ,jaj;Jbg;Ng
Njrpaf; ftpijfshf cUthFfpd;wd. Njrpa czu;itA+l;Lk;
Njrpaf; ftpijfs; vf;fhyj;Jf;Fg; nghUj;jkhdjhf cUg;ngw;wNjh
mf;fhyj;jpd; Njitfs; G+u;j;jpahfptpl;l gpd;dUk; cupa kjpg;Gk;
kupahijAk; kiwe;Jtplhky;> Fiwe;Jtplhky; epiyj;jpUf; Fk;.
mit vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;jpw;Fk; topfhl;bfshf mikfpd;wd.
Mjyhy; ehl;bd; tpLjiyf;fhfj; jk; capiuj; jpahfk; nra;j
Njrpa tPuu;fshd jpahfpfSf;F ehk; nfhLf;fpd;w kjpg;gpid
Nkw;gb ftpijfSf;Fk; nfhLj;jy; Ntz;Lk;.

jkpo;j; Njrpa czu;T+l;Lk; ftpijfisg; nghWj;jtiuapy; jkpo;
ehl;by; tho;e;J ,e;jpa Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhfg; ghbg; Nghuhba
ftpQu;fspd; ftpijfs; Kd;dpiy tfpf;fpd;wd. tuftp Rg;gpukzpa
ghujpahupd; fhyk; njhl;L tsu;e;J te;Js;s Njrpa czu;r;rpkpf;f
ftpijfisNa ehk; ,q;F Nehf;FNthk;.
49

jkpo; ehl;by; Njhd;wpa Njrpa czu;r;rp kpf;f ftpijfis
ghujpahu;> ghujpjhrd;> ehkf;fy; ,uhkypq;fk;gps;is> Rj;jhde;j
ghujpahu; Nghd;Nwhu; ghl> ,yq;ifapy; NrhkRe;jug; Gytu;>
KJjkpo;g; Gytu; K.ey;yjk;gp Nghd;Nwhu; ghbAs;sdu;. ehl;L
xw;Wik> tpLjiy> jkpo;nkhopg; gw;W> jpuhtplg; gpuptpid Mfpa
fUg;nghUs;fspy; ftpijfs; cUthfpd.

nre;jkpo; ehnlDk; NghjpdpNy ,d;gj;
Njd; te;J ghAJ fhjpdpNy
vd;w ghlypy; ehl;Lg; gw;iwAk;> nkhopg;gw;iwAk; fye; J Njrpa
czu;Tf;F tpj;jpl;l ghujp je;ijau; ehnlDk; Ngr;rpdpNy xU
rf;jp gpwf;FJ %r;rpdpNy vd;W tPuhNtr czu;r;rpia kPl;Lfpd;whu;.
vd;W jzpAk; ,e;j Rje;jpu jhfk; vd;W kbAk; ,e;j mbikapd;
Nkhfk; vd;w ghliy gjtpAau;Tf;fhfTk;> Nru; gl;lj;Jf;fhfTk;
Mq;fpNyaUf;F mbikg;gl;L tho;e;j kf;fspd; mwpahikiag;
Nghf;Ftjw;fhfg; ghb Rje;jpu jhfj;jpid Vw;gLj;jpdhu;. NkYk;
neQ;R nghWf;Fjpy;iyNa ,e;j epiynfl;l khe;jiu epide;J
tpl;lhy; vd mbikg;gl;L> khdk; nfl;L thoe;j kf;fs; gw;wpa
jk; cs;s Ntjidia ntspg;gLj;jpdhu;.

mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy mr;rnkd;gjpy;iyNa
cr;rpkPJ thdpbe;J tPOfpd;w NghjpDk;
mr;rkpy;iy mr;rkpy;iy mr;rnkd;gjpy;iyNa vd;W ,e;jpa
kf;fSf;F JzpitAk;> tPuj;ijAk; czu;tpy; Cl;Lfpd;whu; .

ghujpiag; gpd;gw;wp njhlu;e;J te;j Gytu; ngUkf;fSk;
,e;jpahtpd; xUikg;ghl;ilAk;> vOr;rpiaAk; mjNdhL Nru;j;J
jkpo;> jkpou; cupik Mfpatw;iwAk; epiyehl;Lk; Nehf;NfhL gy
Njrpa czu;T+l;Lk; ftpijfis vOjpAs;sij <z;L ghu;f;fyhk;.

me;j tifapNy ghujpjhrd; mtu;fs;
Nju; epd;w tPjpr; nraNgupif Koq;fg;
Nghu; epd;w tPuu; Fyk; G+j;j epyk; ghu;epd;W
mly; tsu;j;Jg; ghuj ew;Gj;jpud; ehdhf
cly; tsu;j;j ehL vd;Dapu; vd;W Njrpaf; fz;Nzhl;lj;jpy;
,e;jpahtpd; Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhf Koq;fpapUg;gijg; ghu;f;fyhk;.
gpd;dhspy; mtu; jkpopd; ngUikiag; Nghw;wp jkpOf;F
mKnjd;W Ngu; ,d;gj; jkpo; vq;fs; capUf;F Neu; vd;gd
Nghd;w gy ghly;fisg; ghb jkpo;j;Njrpa czu;itAk; J}z;bdhu;.

Njrpaf; ftpQu; vdg; Gfog;gLfpd;w ehkf;fy; ,uhkypq;fk;gps;is
mtu;fs;
50
,e;jpa Njtpiag; G+ir nra;Nthk; - ehk;
,e;jpa nuy;NyhUk; xd;Nwab
ve;j kjj;Jf;Fk; ve;jf; Fyj;Jf;Fk;
nrhe;jkb mts; nrhe;jkb vd;Wk;

ghujehL ve;jd; ghl;ld; nrhj;J vd;Wk; gy ghly;fis
xd;Wgl;l gue;j ,e;jpahtpd; Njrpa tpLjiyf;fhfTk;>
xw;Wikf;fhfTk; czu;r;rp nghq;fg; ghbAs;shu;. NkYk; jkpod;
vd;nwhU ,dKz;L jdpNa mtu;f;nfhU FzKz;L vdTk;>
jkpondd;W nrhy;ylh jiy epkpu;e;J epy;ylh vdTk; ghb
jkpopdj;jpd; ngUikiaAk;> jdpj;Jtj;ijAk; Cl;lty;y
czu;r;rpkpf;f ghly;fis vkf;F nfhLj;Js;shu;.

,ijAk; tplNtfkhf ghujpjhrd; mtu;fs; Xuplj;jpy;
vidaPd;w je;ijf;Fk; jha;f;Fk; kf;fs;
,dkPd;w jkpo;ehL jdf;Fk; vd;dhy;
jpidahd eyNkJk; ,Uf;F nkd;why;
nrj;njhopAk; ehnsdf;Fj; jpUehshk; vdj; jkpo; ehl;Lf;fhfj;
jd;DapiuAk; jpahfk; nra;aj; jaq;fkhl;Nld; vd;fpd;whu;.

cyf Mirfis ntWj;J xJf;fpa JwtpfSf;Ff;$l Njrpa
czu;T ,y;yhky; Nghftpy;iy. Njrpa czu;it mtu;fshy;
tpl;Lj;js;s Kbatpy;iy. mjdhy;jhd; Jwtpahf tho;e;j
Rj;jhde;j ghujpahu; mtu;fs;
,q;F tUk; md;dpau;fs; vd;Dapiu kha;j;jhu;
,d;ndhUj;jp te;Jtpl;lhs; vd;d nra;FthNsh
nfhq;Fkyu;f; fz;zUtp nfhl;LfpNwd; fhzha;
Fwpnahd;W nrhy;ybNa fhyf; FwtQ;rp vd jkJ cs;sf;
FKwiy FwtQ;rpg; ghly; %yk; njspTgLj;jpAs;shu;. Kd;du;
,e;jpa xUikg;ghl;ilg; gw;wpg; ghba Rj;jhde;j ghujp mtu;fs;
gpd;du; vq;fs; nre;jkpo; ehl;il epidf;ifapNy VWJ cs;sj;jpy;
,d;gf; fdy; ntwp vd jkpo;ehl;bd;kPJ nfhz;l gw;Wjyhy;
ce;jg;gl;L czu;r;rpNahL ghbAs;shu;.

,yq;ifapd; jq;fj; jhj;jhntd Nghw;wg;gLk; NrhkRe;jug; Gytu;
mtu;fs; jkpOzu;Tg; ghly;fisg; ghb Njrpa czu;r;rpia
Vw;gLj;jpAs;shu;. nre;jkpo; kf;fNs thuPu; ,d;gj; Njd;jkpo;
Njd;jkpo; nkhopapidj; NjuPu; vd;W miw$ty; tpLj;jtu;.
NrhkRe;jug; Gytutu;fs; ghba gjpide;jhapuk; ghly;fSs;
,yq;ifj; Njrk; gw;wpAk;> ,d If;fpak; gw;wpAk; ghlg; gl;l
ghly;fSk; Fwpg;gplj; jf;fitahFk;.

mtiug;Nghd;W KJjkpo;g; Gytu; K.ey;yjk;gp mtu;fSk; gy
Njrpa czu;T+l;lf;$ba ghly;fisg; ghbatu;. ,irg;ghly;fs;
51
,aw;Wjypy; ty;ytuhd ey;yjk;gpg; GytuJ kzpj;jha;ehLk;
kujd; Xl;lKk; vd;w E}ypy; fhzg;gLk; fPo;tUk; ghly;
Rje;jputpohtpd; vOr;rpiaAk;> kf;fspd; Njrpa czu;r;rpiaAk;>
mt;tpohtpd; cau;r;rpiaAk; njspthf glk;Nghl;Lf;fhl;LfpwJ.

gil naOe;jd nfhb naOe;jd
guT kq;fy tpir naOe;jJ
Fil naOe;jd el epiwe;jd
Nfhij khju;fs; Fy nkOe;jJ
,ilap nys;spil tplkp nyd;wpl
ntq;fZe; jiyNa njupe;jd
mil Rje;jpu tpo tau;e;jik
md;W Nghypdp nad;W $LNk

,t;thW gy ftpQu; ngUkf;fs; Njrpa czu;T nfhz;l
Rje;jpujhfg; ghly;fisg; ghb kf;fis tpopg;ilar;
nra;Js;shu;fs;. mjD}lhf Njrpa xw;Wikiaf; fl;b
vOg;gpAs;shu;fs;.

cyf ehLfs; gytw;wpYk; Rje;jpug; Nghuhl;lj; jpahfpfSk;>
,isQu;fSk;> ftpQu;fSk;> vOj;jhsu;fSk; Njrpa czu;r;rpia
kf;fs; kdjpy; gjpj;j ngUikiag; ngWfpd;whu;fs;.
Gj;Jzu;r;rpiaAk;> Gupe;Jzu;itAk;> Rje;jpug; Nghuhl; lj;ijAk;
juty;yJ Njrpa czu;r;rp. Njrpa czu;r;rp xt;nthU ehl;L
kf;fsplKk; fz;bg;ghf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba xU czu;r;rpahFk;.

52
ngz;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ngz;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ngz;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk; ngz;fs; md;Wk; ,d;Wk;


,d;W ngz;fSf;F vt;tsT Rje;jpuk; ,Uf;fpd;wNjh mNj Nghy
Ntjfhyj;jpYk; ngz;fSf;F G+uz Rje;jpuk; nfhLf;fg;gl;bUe;jJ.
vdpDk; md;W ngz;fs; Rje;jpukhf elkhba NghJk;>
jq;fSf;Fupa fztiuj; jhq;fNs njupT nra;jNghJk; mlf;f
xLf;fkhf> mwnewp jtwhky;> ntspg;gilahf> r%f
rl;ljpl;lq;fis kjpg;gtu;fshf tho;e;jhu;fs;.

rpiwfhf;Fk; fhg;ngd; nra;Ak; kfspu;f;F
epiwfhf;Fk; fhg;Ng fhg;G vd;w ts;Stu; thf;Ff; Nfw;g
jq;fisj; jhq;fNs ghJfhj;Jf; nfhz;lhu;fs;. vj;jid ,lu;
te;jNghJk; nrhy;Yk;> nraYk; xd;whf cs;sj;J}a;ikNahL
jq;fs; tho;f;ifia mikj;Jf;nfhz;lhu;fs;. jkf;nfd thohky;
gpwu;f;nfd tho;e;J ngUikAw;whu;fs;. tPLk;> ehLk; rpwf;f jkJ
tpUg;gq;fisg; Gwf;fzpj;jhu;fs;. ,iw ehl;lk; nfhz;L jkJ
tho;f;ifiaNa ,iwtDf;fhf Mj;kPf newpAau;j;j
mu;g;gzpj;jhu;fs;.

jw;nfhz;lhd; Ngzp jifrhd;W
nrhw;fhj;J Nrhu;tpyhd; Mf nja;tg; Gytupd; jPu;f;f
juprdj;Jf;Fk; vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf tho;e;jpUf;fpwhu;fs;. mg;gbg;gl;l
md;iwa ngz;fspy; rpyiu vLj;Jf;fhl;lhf epidT $UtJ rhyg;
nghUj;jkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fw;Gf;furpfspd; tuyhw;wpNy fz;zfpia vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy;> jd;
fztd; khjtp mofpy; kaq;fp> nghUs; Nghjhky; JaUw;w Ntis
fztid tpl;Lf; nfhLj;jJ kl;Lky;yhky; jhd; nfhz;Lte;j
rPjdg; nghUl;fisAk; ms;spf; nfhLj;jts;. mj;NjhL
epd;Wtpltpy;iy. kjpnjspe;J fztd; kPz;Lk; jd;dplk; jpUk;gpa
Ntis kdq;Nfhzhky; tuNtw;W mtd; Jd;gj;jpy; gq;F nfhz;L>
mepahakhf mtd; nfhiynra;ag;gl;lNghJ mtDf;fhf
epahaq;Nfl;L capu; Jwe;jhNs mg;ngz;zpd; jpahfj;ij ehk;
kwf;fKbAkh?

kw;nwhU Gwk; Gdpjtjpahu; jdJ fztd; jd;idj; nja;tkhf
kjpj;J NtW ngz;izj; jpUkzk; nra;Jnfhz;lNghJ
fztDf;fhf kl;Lk; NgzNtz;ba moF ,dp vjw;nfd;W ,fo;e;J
,iwtdplk; NgAUf;Nfl;Lg; ngw;W fhiuf;fhy; mk;ikahu; MdhNu
mtuJ ngUikiag; Gwe;js;s KbAkh?


53
fztdpd; capiu kPl;gjw;fhf akNdhL thjhb rj;jpathdpd;
capiu kPl;l rhtpj;jpupapd; kNdhjplj;ij kwf;fKbAkh? Md;kPfk;
jiof;f> ,iwtdJ Gfo; gug;g jkpo;kPJ jzpahj jhfk; nfhz;L

ghYk; njspNjDk; ghFk; gUg;Gkpit
ehYk; fye;Jdf;F ehd; jUNtd;-Nfhyk;nra;
Jq;ff; fupKfj;Jj; J}kzpNa ePnadf;Fr;
rq;fj;jkpo; %d;Wk; jh vd;W Nfl;L ,sikg; gUtj;ij ntWj;J
KJikg; gUtj;ijg; ngw;whNu xsitahu;> mtuJ jpahfk;
md;iwag; ngz;fSf;F ,yf;fzky;yth?

Nghu;f;fsj;jpNy Gwg;gl;l giltPuu;fSf;Fj; njhz;L nra;tjw;fhfj;
jd;idNa <e;J jhjpau; Nritiaj; juzpf;fspj;j GNshud;];
iew;wpq;Nfy; mk;ikahUk; md;iwa ngz;jpyfky;yth? ,g;gb
rPjhNjtp> ghQ;rhyp> kq;ifaw;furp> tPukq;if N[hz;> Mz;lhs;
vd md;W ngUikG+j;j gy ngz;fs; ehl;Lf;fhfTk;> tPl;Lf;fhfTk;
nra;j mupa Nritapid gf;fk; gf;fkhff; $wyhk;.

md;iwa ngz;fs; fy;tpawpT mw;wtu;fshf> r%f ,Ul;liwf;
nfhLikfSf;F cl;gl;ltu;fshf> mLg;gq;fiuapy; mbikfshf>
Mzhjpf;fj;Jf;F mlq;fpatu;fshf tho;e;Jte;jhu;fs; vd;W
,f;fhyg; ngz;fs; $WtjpYk; cz;ik ,y;yhky; ,y;iy.
mt;thwhrk;gtq;fs; rpy r%fq;fspd; kj;jpapy;> rkaq;fspd;
kj;jpapy;> ,dq;fspd; kj;jpapy; mJTk; mbg;gilthj Mzhjpf;ff;
fLk;Nghf;fhsu;fs; tho;e;j ,ilg;gl;l fhyg;gFjpfspy; kl;LNk
eilngw;Ws;sd. mtw;iw vjpu;j;J> ngz; tpLjiyf;fhf
Fuy;nfhLj;jtu;fSk; fhyq;fs; NjhWk; Njhd;wpNa cs;sdu;.
,Ue;jNghJk; me;j tho;f;ifapYk; mf;fhyg; ngz;fs; xU
epiwitf; fz;ldu;.

,d;W murpay;> nghUshjhuk;> r%fk;> Md;kPfk; vdg;
gyJiwfspy; ngz;fs; gq;fspg;Gr; nra;fpwhu;fs;. Mz;fSf;Fr;
rkkhf njhopy;fspYk;> Nghu;f;fsq;fspYk;> Vd; tpz;ntspapYk;
tPupak; fhl;Lfpwhu;fs;. ghuhl;lg;glNtz;ba ngz;fs; gyu;
tpisahl;Lj; JiwapYk;> tPug; Nghuhl;lq;fspYk;
gpufhrpf;fpd;whu;fs;. rpwpkhNth gz;lhuehaNf> ,e;jpuhfhe;jp>
N`hy;lh Nkau;> khu;fpul; jr;ru;> mfpNdh Nghd;w ngz;fs;
ehLfspd; jiytu;fshf Ml;rpnra;J topelj;jpdhu;fs;.

mdhijfisAk;> Mjutw;w rpWtu;fisAk; Ngzpg;ghJfhg;gjw;fhf
jd;idNa mu;g;gzpj;j md;id njNurhtpd; gzp ru;tNjrKk;
Nghw;wpg; Gfoj;jf;fjy;yth? Nehgy; gupir mtUf;F toq;fpajd;
%yk; gupRtoq;Fk; FOtpdu; jhq;fs; nfsutk; ngw;Wf;nfhz;ldu;.

54
vg;gb ,Ue;NghJk; md;iwa ngz;fs; iff;nfhz;l mlf;fKk;>
mikjpahd tho;f;if KiwAk; ,d;iwa ngz;fsplk; xg;gPl;lstpy;
,y;iy vd;Nw $wj;Njhd;WfpwJ. ,ae;jpuka cyfpy; ngz;fspd;
tho;f;ifAk; ,ae;jpukhfNt khwptpl;lJ. cz;ikahd gupTk;>
ghrKk; xJq;fpf; nfhz;lNjhntd vz;z Ntz;bAs;sJ.
etehfupfk; vd;w Nghu;itapy; gz;ghL> fyhrhu mopTfs;
elf;fpd;wd. md;iwag; ngz;fspd; Milazpfisg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ
ifnaLj;Jf; Fk;gplj;Njhd;Wk; mNj Neuj;jpy; ,d;iwag;
ngz;fspd; miuFiw Milazpfisg; ghu;f;Fk;NghJ
mtkjpf;fj;Njhd;Wk;.

Nghijt];Jg; ghtid Mz;fis kl;Lky;yhJ ,d;iwag;
ngz;fisAk; Ml;nfhz;Ls;sJ. mjdhy; xOf;ff;NfLfSk;>
clyhNuhf;fpakpd;ikAk; Vw;gLfpd;wJ. Mz;fSf;Fr; rkkhf
ngz;fSk; kJghtidapy; <LgLtJ kdNtjidiaj; jUfpd;wJ.
murpay;thjpfshfTk;> rpe;jidahsu;fshfTk;>
,yf;fpathjpfshfTk;> Md;kPfthjpfshfTk;> Ngr;rhsu;fshfTk;>
vOj;jhsu;fshfTk; ngz;fs; ,d;W jpfo;tJ ngUikf;FupaNj.
mNj Neuj;jpy; jd;dpdr; Nru;f;ifahsu;fshfTk;> jhu;kPff;
fl;Lg;ghl;il kwe;J r%ftpNuhjr; nray;fspy; <LgLgtu;fshfTk;
,f;fhyg;ngz;fs; rpyu; fhzg;gLtJ fz;bf;fj;jf;fjhFk;.

fy;tpg; ngUf;Fk;> rkj;Jtg; Nghf;Fk;> ciof;Fk; ngUkpjKk;
,d;iwa ngz;fspd; fl;Lg;glhj eltbf;iffSf;F mbj;jskhf
mike;Js;sd. tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikAk;> fUizAs;sKk;>
flikAzu;Tk; ngz;fis cau;epiyg;gLj;j ty;yd. vJ
vg;gbapUe;NghJk; jha;ikAzu;Tf;Ff; fl;Lg;glhj ngz;fs;
md;Wkpy;iy> ,d;Wkpy;iy. nghWik vd;Dk; eifazpe;J
ngUiknfhs;s Ntz;Lk; ngz;fs; vd;w xsitapd;
mKjnkhopiag; ngz;fs; kwf;ff;$lhJ. mNj Neuj;jpy; Gul;rpf;
ftpQu; ghujp $wpaJ Nghy khju; jk;ik ,opT nra;Ak;
klikiaf; nfhOj;jTk; jaq;ff; $lhJ.

Kbthf mf;fhyg; ngz;fs; mf;fhy r%f> gz;ghl;L>
fyhrhuq;fSf;F mikthf ele;J mlf;fkhf mikjpaile;jhu;fs;.
,f;fhyg; ngz;fNsh ,f;fhy murpay;> nghUshjhu> r%f>
gz;ghLfSf;fikthfg; GJikg; ngz;fshfTk;> mNj Neuj;jpy;
Gjpu;NghLk; ngz;fshfTk; cs;shu;fs; vd;Nw fUjp
njspaNtz;bAs;sJ.



55
Ng Ng Ng Ngh hh hijt];Jfs; ijt];Jfs; ijt];Jfs; ijt];Jfs;


cyf kdpj tpOkpaq;fis rpijj;J tUfpd;w mr;RWj;jy;fSs;
,d;W Kjd;ik ,lj;ijg; ngw;wpUg;gJ Nghijt];Jg; ghtidNa
MFk;. cyf ehLfspd; mgptpUj;jpf;Fj; jilahfTk;> mNj
Neuj;jpy; ,sk; rKjhaj;jpdupd; rPupa gz;ghl;L eltbf;iffSf;F
Kl;Lf;fl;ilahfTk; ,e;jg; Nghijt];J ghtid gutptUfpd;wJ.
xOf;ftpay; rk;ge;jkhfTk;> cstpay; rk;ge;jkhfTk; ngUk;
jhf;fj;ij tpistpj;J tUfpd;wJ. tsu;e;J tUfpd;w rKjhaj;jpd;
cr;rg; gad;ghl;Lj; jpwikfis Klf;fp kOq;fbf;fr; nra;fpd;w
ifq;fupaj;ijAk; nra;JtUfpd;wJ.

,jd; %yk; fy;tpNa fyq;fpg;NghAs;sJ. cw;gj;jpj;jpwd;
jsk;gpg;NghAs;sJ. rpWtu; J\;gpuNahfk;> ghypay; ty;YwT Nghd;w
r%f tpNuhj eltbf;iffs; gutpAs;sd. kdpj kdq;fspNy
tpuf;jp> ntWg;G> nghWikapd;ik vd;gdtw;NwhL nfh^u
rpe;jidAk;> nfhiy ntwpAk; J}z;lg;gl;L tUfpd;wJ. vjpu;fhy
re;jjpapdiu jd;dk;gpf;ifaw;w> eyptile;j r%fkhf
khw;wpaikg;gjpy; Kf;fpa gq;fspg;igr; nra;JtUfpd;wJ. jkJ
Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf ve;jtpjkhd <dr; nray;fisAk;
nra;tjw;F gpd;dpw;fhjtu;fshf Nghijt];Jg; ghtidahsu;fs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;.

cyfshtpa uPjpapy; ,f;fhyfl;lj;ij vLj;J Nehf;Fk;NghJ taJ
Kjpu;e;jtu;fSf;F epfuhf ,sk;re;jjpapdu; Nghijt];J
ghtidf;F MshfptUfpd;w mtyepiyia ehk; fhzKbfpd;wJ.
,sikapy; fy;tp rpiyapy; vOj;J vd;gJ KJnkhop.
,sikapNy jPl;lg;gLfpd;w jPr;nray;fs; KJiktiu njhluNt
nra;Ak;. nfhj;jbikf;Fl;gLjy;> jpUl;Lf;Fl;gLjy; Nghijt];J
flj;Jjy;> jd;dpdr;Nru;f;if Nghd;w r%ftpNuhj eltbf;iffspy;
,isatu;fis ,e;j Nghijt];J <LgLj;j itf;fpd;wJ.
nkd;ikahd kdk; nfhz;l ,sk; r%fk; ,f;nfh^ur;
nray;fSf;F cl;gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ kdk; rpije;J Nghfpd;wdu;.
kdr;rpijT mtu;fsJ tUq;fhy tsu;r;rpiaNa ghjpj;JtpLk;.
vjpu;fhy rKjhak; rPuopTf;F cs;shFk;NghJ vt;thW kdpj
tpOkpaq;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gLk;?

tsu;r;rpaile;j ehL-tsu;r;rpailahj ehL> Vio-gzf;fhud;> Mz;-
ngz;> ,sik-KJik vd;w NtWghL> Vw;wj;jho;T ghuhJ cyfk;
KOtijAk; jd; MSiff;F cl;gLj;jp ml;lfhrk; Gupfpd;w
Nghijt];J muf;fid mopg;gjd; %yNk ,t;tfpyk; fsq;fkw;w
cau;tpy; fhyb vLj;Jitf;f KbAk;.

56
mnkupf;fh> gpupj;jhdpah> gpuhd;];> ,j;jhyp Nghd;w
mgptpUj;jpaile;j ehLfspYk;> nygdhd;> ypgpah> ,];Nuy; Nghd;w
kj;jpafpof;F ehLfspYk;> gpNwrpy;> nfhq;nfhq;> jha;yhe;J>
rpq;fg;G+u;> ghfp];jhd;> ,e;jpah> ,yq;if Nghd;w
mgptpUj;jpaile;JtUk; ehLfspYk; Nghijt];J flj;jYk;>
ghtidAk; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd. Nkiyehl;L> fPioehl;L
kJtiffSk;> fQ;rh> mgpd;> fpNuhapd;> ku;Fthdh Nghd;w
Nghijt];JfSk; ehSf;F ehs; mjpfupj;J tUfpd;wd.

Nghijt];J ghtidapd; %yk; cs;ehl;L %yjdq;fSk;>
ntspehl;L tUtha;fSk; ngUkstpy; tPzhff; fiuf;fg;gLfpd;wd.
gzk; tPz;tpuakhtJ kl;Lkd;wp mtw;why; Vw;gLfpd;w ghjpg;GfSk;
ngUfptUfpd;wd. kdNtjidfSf;fhf Fbg;gtu;fSk;>
nfsutj;Jf;fhf Fbg;gtu;fSk;> cy;yhrj;Jf;fhf Fbg;gtu;fSk;
vd Fbg;gtu;fs; gy Nghypf; fhuzq;fisf; fw;gpj;Jf;nfhz;L
jq;fisj; jhq;fNs Vkhw;wptUfpwhu;fs;. jq;fs; tho;f;iff;F
jhq;fNs gLFop Njhz;Lfpwhu;fs;. mg;ghtp kf;fis Vkhw;wp
Nghijt];J ghtidf;F cl;gLj;jptpl;L cy;yhrkhf cyif
tyk;tUfpd;w kh/gpahr; rf;futu;j;jpfs; Ntiyapd;wp
tho;e;JtUfpd;whu;fs;. Nghijf;Fk;> Nkhfj;Jf;Fk;> Mirf;Fk;
cl;gl;L cyfpy; ngUk;ghyhNdhu; jq;fisj; jhq;fNs
mopj;Jf;nfhs;fpd;w ghjfr; nraYf;F tpUk;gpNah tpUk;ghkNyh
Ml;gl;Lf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpwhu;fs;.

Fb Fbiaf; nfLf;Fk; vd;gjpy; vt;tpj khWghLk; fpilahJ.
tWikf;F tbfhyhf miktJk; Fbjhd;. Fbg;gJk;> Gifg;gJk;>
Ritg;gJk; vt;tpjj;jpy; mike;jhYk; Nghij jUtjhapd; mJ
jPikNa tpistpf;Fk;. ftiyia kwf;ff; Fbf;fpNwhk; vd;gtu;fs;
cz;ikapy; Fbahy; ftiyia kwf;fpd;whu;fsh? ,y;yNtapy;iy.
FbNghijf;F mbikahtJjhd; kpr;rk;. FLk;gj;jpNy Fog;gk;.
fhupahyaj;jpNy fyf;fk;. el;gpNy Njf;fk;. md;gpNy gpsT.
fy;tpapNy jaf;fk;. ,g;gb Nghijt];J ghtidf;F mbikahdtu;
milAk; Jd;gk; mNefk;. msTf;F kpQ;Rk;NghJ mkpu;jKk;
eQ;rhfptpLfpwJ.

kJghtidf;F mbikahd xU FLk;gj; jiytidf; nfhz;Ls;s
xU FLk;gj;ij vLj;Jg; ghu;g;Nghkhdhy;> mq;F vj;jid Jd;gk;.
vLf;fpd;w rk;gsj;jpy; Vwf;Fiwa Kf;fhy;thrpAk; FbNghijf;Fg;
Ngha;tpl vQ;rpa njhifapy; vg;gb tho;f;ifia nfhz;bOg;gJ?
tUkhdg; gw;whf;Fiwahy; Nghjpa czT fpilahJ. cL
Glitfs; fpilahJ. fy;tp fw;Fk; Foe;ijfSf;F gy ,lu;fs;
Njhd;Wfpd;wd. Nghrhf;fpd;ikahy; mbf;fb Neha; nehbfs;.
itj;jpaj;Jf;Fg; gzkpy;iy. fztd;> kidtpf;F ,ilapy;
kdf;frg;G> rz;il. ,jdhy; gps;isfs; milAk; khWgl;l
elj;ij. mikjp Fiye;J mOif> Muthuk;. FLk;gj;jpd; epk;kjp
FopNjhz;bg; Gijf;fg;gLfpwJ. jw;nfhiyfSk;> jhWkhwhd
57
elj;ijfSk; cUthf topNfhYfpd;wd. ,e;j mtyq;fshy;
vj;jid FLk;gg; ngz;fs; fztd;> gps;isfis tpl;Ltpl;L
ntspehL nrd;W Ntjidg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.

jpBu;g; gzf;fhudhf Ntz;Lnkd;w Mirapdhy; rpyu; Nghijt];J
flj;jypy; <Lgl;Lg; gzk; rk;ghjpg;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ
Nghijt];Jf;F mbikahfpAk; tpLfpwhu;fs;. mJkl;Lky;yhJ
gpbgl;L kuz jz;lidf;Fk; cl;gl;bUf;fpwhu;fs;. Nghijt];J
ghtidf;F mbikahd vj;jidNah ,sk; ngz;fs; tho;itNa
,oe;J r%fj;jhy; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;fs;. Nghijt];J
ghtidahy; ,sikiaAk; mopj;J> xOf;f tpOkpaq;fisAk;
Jwe;J> KJikf;fhl;gl;L> eype;J Nghdtu;fs; Vuhsk;. fy;tpia
,ilepWj;jp> jPr;nray;fSf;Fj; JizNgha; jk; vjpu;fhyj;ijNa
njhiyj;j khztu;fs; mNefk;.

jpUl;L> tQ;rfk;> ngha;> Vkhw;W Mfpa khDlj;Jf;F vjpuhd
gof;ftof;fq;fisAk;> cUthf;fty;yJ Nghijt];J.
kdpjhgpkhdk;> fUiz> flik> khdk;> cz;ik> Neu;ik
vd;gtw;Wf;F vjpuhdJ Nghijt];J. kjpapoe;J> khdkpoe;J>
kw;wtu;fSila Nfypg;Ngr;RfSf;F ,yf;fhf;fty;yJ ,e;jf;
nfhba Nghijt];J. Nghijt];J ghtidf;fhf vijAk; ,of;fj;
jahuhf ,Uf;Fk; ekJ ,isa jiyKiwiag; ghJfhf;f
Ntz;baJ ek; xt;nthUtupdJk; flikahFk;. tho;f;ifapy;
tre;jj;ij Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lkhdhy;> FLk;gj;jpy; kfpo;r;rpia
epytr;nra;a Ntz;Lkhdhy; cyfk; cau;e;j nraw;jpwd; kpf;f
cd;djk; ngwNtz;Lkhdhy; fl;lhak; Nghijt];J ghtidf;F
rhTkzpabf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; cz;ikAk;> caupa
rpe;jidAk;> xOf;f tpOkpaq;fSk;> elj;ijg; ghq;FfSk;
ghJfhf;fg;gLk;.

muRk;> r%fKk; ,ize;J Nghijt];J xopg;G eltbf;iffis
Kd;ndLj;Jr; nry;yNtz;Lk;. kJ xopg;G ,af;fq;fSk;> kWkyu;r;rp
kd;wq;fSk; Vw;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. jhu;kPf cupikfis
ntspg;gLj;jp mwnewpf; fUj;Jf;fisAk; gug;gNtz;Lk;.
Nghijt];J ghtidahy; Vw;glf;$ba jPikfis Clfq;fs;
%yKk;> Jz;Lg; gpuRuq;fs; %yKk;> FWe;jpiug;glq;fs; %yKk;
ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. tPjp ehlfq;fs;> njU$j;Jf;fs; thapyhf
Nghijt];J jPikfis kf;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gLj;j KbAk;.
gpuNjrq;fs; NjhWk; fUj;juq;FfSk;> kJxopg;G tpopg;Gzu;Tf;
$l;lq;fSk; elhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

Nghijt];J ghtidf;F cl;gl;L mjpypUe;J kPsKbahky;
jtpg;gtu;fSf;F mjpypUe;J kPs;tjw;Fupa gapw;rpfis
toq;Ftjw;fhd gapw;rp epiyaq;fs; mikf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.
Nghijt];J tpepNahf kh/gpahf;fisAk;> flj;jy; kd;du;fisAk;>
tpw;gidnra;Ak; tpahghupfisAk; ,dk; fz;L mtu;fisg; gpbj;J
58
cupa jz;lid toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ghlrhiyfspYk;>
fy;Y}upfspYk; Nghijt];J ghtidahy; Vw;glf;$ba
jPq;Ffisapl;L mwpTWj;jy;fs; toq;fg;glNtz;Lk;. NkYk;
jPikfis tpsf;Fk; fz;fhl;rpfisAk; elj;jyhk;. Fwpg;ghf
ngw;Nwhu; jq;fSila gps;isfsJ eilAil ghtidia
fz;Zk; fUj;Jkhf mtjhdpj;J mtu;fis ey;topg;gLj;j
Ntz;Lk;. Vio-gzf;fhud;> cau;e;jtd;-jho;e;jtd;> Mz;-ngz;
vd;w NgjNkapy;yhky; vy;NyhiuAk; ,yFtpy; gw;wpg;gpbf;Fk;
,e;Nehia ehk; vy;NyhUk; xd;W Nru;e;J xopg;Nghkhf.


59
Rdhkp je;j tLf;fs Rdhkp je;j tLf;fs Rdhkp je;j tLf;fs Rdhkp je;j tLf;fs; ;; ;


,uz;lhapuj;J ehd;fhk; Mz;L brk;gu; khjk; ,Ugj;jhwhk; jpfjp
vkJ tho;f;ifapy; kwf;fKbahj ehshFk;. fhiy Ntisfspy;
Njhzp js;sp tiyapOj;J ePe;jp tpisahba fly; md;idapd;
nghq;Fk; kfpo;Tk;> khiy Neuj;jpy; rPtpr; rpq;fhupj; J rpupj;J
kfpo;e;Jyhtp rpg;gpfs; nghWf;fp rpW kzy;tPL fl;b Ngrpg;
nghOJNghf;fpa Mop Muzq;fpd; mutizg;Gk; ,Ue;j ,lk;
njupahky; kiwe;J nfh^uKk;> nfhiyntwpAk; Mu;g;gupf;f Nfhuj;
jhz;ltk; Mba nfhbaehs;. kwf;f KbAkh> ,yq;ifapd;
fiuNahug; gpuNjr kf;fshy;? md;Gf;fuk; ePl;b ms;sp tpisahba
fly; khjh mupthnsLj;J myw myw ntl;b Nts;tp Kbj;j
ehis vr;re;ju;g;gj;jpYk; kwf;fNth kiwf;fNth KbahNj.

rpupj;J nropj;j vq;fs; gpuNjrj;ij> rPuopj;J gpzk; nfhz;L %ba
Nguhd ehsy;yth? Ngaiyaha;g; Nguiyfs; thndOe;J %d;W
Kiw Rol;babj;j Nrhf ehsy;yth? elf;fg;Nghtij mwpahky;
tpisahba fs;sk; fglkw;w Foe;ijfisAk;> Njhzp js;sp
tiyapOj;J ciog;gpy; ftdk; nrYj;jpa kPdtu;fisAk;>
gpuj;jpNahf tFg;Gf;fspy; mwpitg; ngUf;ff; fw;fr;nrd;w
khztu;fisAk;> fw;gpj;j Mrpupau;fisAk;> Myaq;fSf;F nrd;W
,iwtid tzq;fpa gf;ju;fisAk;> itj;jparhiyfspy;
rpfpr;irf;fhf te;jpUe;j> jq;fpapUe;j Nehahsu;fisAk;>
kUj;Jtu;fisAk;> jhjpaiuAk;> CopaiuAk;> tPLfspy;> tP jpfspy;
md;whlf; flikfspy; <Lgl;bUe;j Mz;fisAk;> ngz;fisAk; >
kpUfq;fisAk;> gwitfisAk; fhiyNtisapy; tQ;rfkha;g;
type;J capu;fhtpr; nrd;w ehsy;yth?

epidAk; NjhWk; neQ;rk; fdf;fpwJ. tpk;kp tpk;kp mOJ
Ntjidg;gl;Nlhu; vj;jid! kidtpkhiu ,oe;j fztu;fs;
vj;jid! ngw;Nwhiu ,oe;j gps;isfs; vj;jid! gps;isfisg;
gwpnfhLj;j jha;khu;fs; vj;jid! vy;yhk; xU vl;L epkplj;Jf;Fs;
ele;J Kbe;J tpl;ld. fly; te;jNghJ jg;gpatu;fspy; gyu; fly;
jpUk;gpr; nrd;wNghJ ms;sg;gl;ldu;. ,be;j tPLfs;> cile;j
nghUl;fs;> mope;j Mguzq;fs; vj;jid. Ngaiyapd; JapYupjypy;
khdk; Nghd gpzkhd NgijaUk; gyu;.

fly; tUJ fly; tUJ vd CNu fjwpaNghJ tPjpfs; vq;Fk;
kf;fs; tpk;kp tope;jdu;. tPL> thry;> nghUs;> gz;lk; vy;yhk;
tpl;L Xbdhu;fs; kf;fs;. Xbatu;fspy; tpOe;jtu;fs; flYf;Fg;
gypahdhu;fs;. tpohJ Xbatu;fs; capu; jg;gpdhu;fs;. gps;isfisf;
ifapy; J}f;fpf; nfhz;L Xba ngw;NwhuplkpUe;Jk;>
tNahjpgu;fisf; ifapy; gpbj;Jf;nfhz;L Xba cwTfsplkpUe;Jk;
muf;fdhd Nguiy mtu;fisg; gwpj;njLj;jJ. Xba kf;fs;
maw;fpuhkq;fs; njhlf;fk; njhiyJ}ug; gpuNjrq;fs; tiu
60
Xbdhu;fs;. nghUl;fNshL nghUl;fshf fiuNahu kz;NkLfSk;
flYf;Fs; mbj;Jr; nry;yg;gl;ld. njd;id kuq;fs; tPo;j;jg;gl;ld>
gid kuq;fs; fUfp tpyj;jg;gl;ld. gw;iwfs; gpLq;fp tPrg;gl;ld.
ghijfs; gLFopfshapd> FopfNsh Fd;nwd epkpu;e;jd. ,it
midj;Jk; Rdhkp Vw;gLj;jpa tLf;fshFk;. ,it kl;Lky;y ,e;j
tLf;fshy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;Gfs; ,tw;iwtplTk; mNdfk;.
mdhijfSk;> mfjpfSk;> VjpypfSk; ngUf;fk; mile;jdu;.
mq;ftPdu;fSk;> kdNehasu;fSk; cUthfpdhu;fs;. kf;fs;
rdj;njhif ksksntd;W Fiwe;JNghdJ.

Rdhkpahy; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fis maw;fpuhkq;fs; md;NghL tuNtw;W
Mjupj;jd. czitAk;> jw;fhypf ciwAisAk;>
cLgplitfisAk; cskhuf; nfhLj;J cjtpdu; maw;fpuhk
kf;fs;. giltPuu;fSk;> gNuhgfhupfSk;> cs;Su;j; njhz; lu;fSk;>
ntspA+u;fspypUe;J te;j eyd;tpUk;gpfSk; capu;fisf; fhg;ghw;w
cjtpaNjhL kl;Lkd;wp> capu; Jwe;j cwTfisAk; Njbf;
fz;Lgpbj;J mlf;fk; nra;jdu;. flw;fiug; gpuNjrnkq;Fk;
gpzthil tPrpaJ. capupfis ,oe;J> clikfis ,oe;j CNu
my;Nyhyfy;Nyhyg; gl;Lf;nfhz;bUe;j me;j NtisapYk;
kdpjhgpkhdkw;w xU rpy fy;neQ;Rf;fhuu;fs; nfhs;isabg;gjpYk;>
nfhLik GuptjpYk; <Lgl;bUe;jdu; vd;W nrhd;dhy; mtu;fis
ve;j ufj;jpy; Nru;f;fyhk;? vupfpd;w tPl;by; gpLq;Ffpd;w $l;lKk;
,e;j cyfj;jpy; ,Ue;Jnfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpwJ.

,yq;ifapy; Vw;gl;l Rdhkp mdu;j;jj;jpd; ghjpg;Gfis Clfq;fspd;
ClhfTk;> nra;jpg; glq;fspd; thapyhfTk; ghu;j;J mwpe;j cs;Su;
njhz;lu; epWtdq;fSk;> ntspehl;L Nrit mikg;GfSk;> ekJ
muRk;> ntspehl;L muRfSk; tpiue;J gy;NtW cjtpfisAk;
nra;jd. mj;jpahtrpaj; Njitfshd muprp> rPdp> ghy;kh> gUg;G
Nghd;w czTg; nghUl;fisAk;> cilfisAk;> rikay;
nghUl;fisAk;> jw;fhypf jq;Fkplf; $lhuq;fisAk;> gLf;if
tpupg;Gf;fisAk; ghjpg;Gw;w kf;fSf;F thupf; nfhLj;jd. mfjp
Kfhk;fs; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;ld. jhgupg;Gg; gzKk; toq;fg;gl;lJ.

Rdhkp gyUf;Fg; gytpj ghjpg;Gfis Vw;gLj;jpa NghjpYk; xU
rpyUf;F ed;ikfisAk; nfhLj;Js;sJ. Ntiyaw;w ,isQu;fs;
gyUf;F Ntiytha;g;GfisAk;> ghjpf;fg;gl;lgyUf;Fk; rkj;Jtkhd
tifapy; Gjpa ciwtplq;fisAk;> cau;j;jg;gl;l Cjpaq;fisAk;
Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;Js;sJ. Neubahf ,og;Gfis re;jpj;j
kf;fSf;F ve;jtifahd epthuzq;fSk; KOikahd gjpyPlhf
mikag;Nghtjpy;iy vdpDk; xg;gPl;lstpy; Rdhkpapd; gpw;ghL
kf;fs; tho;f;ifj;juj;jpy; Kd;Ndw;wj;ijf; fhl;lf;$ba
Fwpfhl;bfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,d;ndhUtifapy; Rk;kh ,Ue;J
rhg;gpLk; Nrhk;NgwpfisAk;> ,ilj;jufpy; Ruz;ly; nra; Ak;
CjhupfisAk; Rdhkp cUthf;fpj;jhd; tpl;bUf;fpwJ. vg;gbapUe;j
NghjpYk; Rdhkpahy; Vw;gl;l tLf;fs; kiwa ,d;Dk; gy
fhyq;fs; vLf;Fk; vd;gjpy; Iakpy;iy.
61
jw;fhy r%f mopTfs; jw;fhy r%f mopTfs; jw;fhy r%f mopTfs; jw;fhy r%f mopTfs;


,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njhd;wpAs;s r%f mopTfs; vjpu;fhyj;jpy;
cyf rkhjhdj;jpw;F ghupa mr;RWj;jyhf mike;jptpLk; vd;gij
ehk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Nl MfNtz;Lk;. cyf ehLfs; gytw;wpYk;
fhzg;gLfpd;w Nghijt];Jg; ghtid> flj;jy;> MAj cw;gj;jp>
ifj;njhopy; mgptpUj;jp> gaq;futhjk;> rpWtu; J\;gpuNahfk;>
Mjpf;f ntwp> rka G+ry;fs;> ngz;fs; kPjhd ty;YwTfs;
Nghd;witjhd; r%f mopTfSf;F mbj;jskhf mike;Js;sd.
ehLfSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; nry;tk;> etPd njhopy;El;gk; >
gilg;ngUf;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpd; NtWghLfSk; cyf rkhjhdj;Jf;F
vjpuhf fpsk;gpAs;sd. nry;te;j ehLfs; twpa ehLfSf;F
cjtpfis mspg;gjd; %yk; mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;j
Kaw;rpf;fpd;wNghJ mq;F gpur;rpidfs; cUthfpd;wd. xU ehl;bd;
my;yJ ,dj;jpd; cupikfis ,d;ndhU ehNlh ,dNkh eRf;f
Kw;gLk;NghJ rkhjhdj;jpy; gpd;dilT Vw;gLfpd;wJ.

Nghijt];J flj;jiyAk;> ghtidiaAk; vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy;
,d;iwa ,isa jiyKiwapdu; kl;Lky;y ngupatu;fSk;$l
mtw;wpw;F mbikg;gl;ltu;fshff; fhzg;gLfpd;wdu;. ,e;j
Nghijt];J ghtidahy; ngha;> fsT> nghUl;Nrjk;> clw;Nrjk;
vd;gd rKjhaj;ij mopTg;ghijf;F ,l;Lr; nry;fpd;wd. flj;jypy;
<LgLtjd;%yk; nfhiy> nfhs;is Nghd;w <tpuf;fkw;w ghjfr;
nray;fs; eilngWfpd;wd. gaq;fu MAjq;fs;
gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

NkYk; etPd njhopy;El;g tsj;jpdhy; fjpupaf;fg; nghUs;
tsKs;s ehLfs; jhk; cw;gj;jp nra;Ak; MAjq;fis tpw;gid
nra;tjw;fhf re;ij tha;g;igj; NjLk;NghJ cyf ehLfspd; cs;
tptfhuq;fSf;fpilNa jiyapl;L gpur;rpidfis J}z;btplTk;
nra;fpd;wd. rpW rpW rr;ruTfSk; ngUk; gpur;rpidfshf
cUkhw;wk; ngWfpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; ngWNgwhf gaq;futhjk;>
jPtputhjk; jiynaLj;J cyf rkhjhdj;ij gaKWj;Jfpd;wJ.
,d;W gy;ypd kf;fs; thOfpd;w ehLfspy;jhd; rkhjhdk; ghjfkhf
mike;Js;sJ. mj;JkPwpa FbNaw;wq;fSk;> mbg;gil cupik
kWg;GfSk; rkurkpd;ikia jiynaLf;f itf;fpd;wd. gpwg;Gupik
kWf;fg;gLk;NghJ Gul;rpfs; ntbf;fj;jhd; nra;Ak;. rkhjhdk;
J}s;J}shfptpl tha;g;G mjpfupf;Fk;.

,tw;NwhL rpWtu; J\;gpuNahfKk; Nru;e;J vjpu;fhy re;jjpfspd;
tho;itNa rPuopf;fpd;wd. ehis ehl;il topelj;jNtz;ba ,sk;
re;jjpfs; eypTw;wtu;fshf jPr;nray;fspy; gapw;wg;gl;ltu;fshf
,Ue;jhy; cyf rkhjhdk; vq;qdk; epyTk;? vjpu;fhy r%fj;ij
nrk;ikg;gLj;j Ntz;ba rpwhu;fs; rpije;J Nghdhy;
62
ngw;Nwhu;fshy; nghWj;Jf;nfhs;s KbAkh? mtu;fs; kdKk;
ghjpf;fg;gl;L kd mikjpAk; ,y;yhky;NghFk;.

ahNuh nra;j nraYf;F ahiuNah gopthq;Ffpd;w gaq;futhjk;
cyf rkhjhdj;jpd; Kjy;ju tpNuhjpahff; fhzg;gLfpwJ.
mnkupf;fhtpNy> ,e;jpahtpNy> Mg;fhdp];jhdpNy> <uhf;fpNy
vy;yhk; vj;jidNah mg;ghtp kf;fs; cyf gaq;futhj
mikg;Gfspd; nfh^u eltbf;iffshy; capupoe;j mtyk; cyf
rkhjhdj;ij cYf;fptpl;lJ.

,itNghd;Wjhd; r%fq;fSf;fpilNa eilngWk; ngz;fs; kPjhd
ty;YwTfs; xOf;ff; Nfl;il cUthf;FtNjhL ,isa
rKjhaj;ijAk;> Kjpa rKjhaj;ijAk; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf
ghjpg;gilar; nra;fpd;wd. ,e;j ty;YwTr; nray;fshy;
gpupe;JNghd FLk;gq;fSk;> ghjpg;gile;j kdg;ghq;FfSk;>
Ju;elj;ijf;Fj; Juj;jg;gl;l r%fKk; cyf rkhjhdj;ijr;
rPu;Fiyj;Js;sd.

cyf ehLfspilNa fhzg;gLk; tsg; ngUf;fKk;> tul;rpAk;
r%fq;fspilNa Vw;wj;jho;Tfis Vw;gLj;jp rkj;Jtj;ij
rupj;Js;sd. Mjpf;fntwp mjpfupj;Js;sjhy; mikjpf;Fg; gq;fk;
Vw;gl;Ls;sJ. jkJ nry;thf;if jf;fitj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf
ty;yuRfs; Njitaw;w tifapy; gpwehLfspy; jkJ %f;if
Eiof;fpd;wd. gpur;rpidfis gpwg;gpf;fpd;wd. ,it kl;Lky;yhJ
rkag;G+ry;fSk; gy ehLfspy; mikjpf;F Fe;jfk;
tpistpf;fpd;wd. fpof;Fyf ehLfs; kl;Lkd;wp Nkw;Fyf ehLfSk;
rkag; G+ry;fSf;F rhkuk; tPRfpd;wd. mjdhy; rkhjhdk;
jLkhWfpd;wJ. mj;Jld; ,e;jpah> Neghsk; Nghd;w ehLfspNy
rhjpr; rz;ilfs; tPjpf;F tPjp te;J r%f mopTf;F kf;fis ,l;Lr;
nry;fpd;wd. ,itNahL epwNtWghL> nkhopNtWghL> ,dNtWghL>
gpuNjr NtWghL vd;gdTk; r%fj;jpNy GiuNahbg;
NghapUf;fpd;wd. mjdhy; Gw;wPry;fs; Nghy; fhyj;Jf;Ff; fhyk;
gpur;rpidfs; Gwg;gLfpd;wd.

,jdhy; cyf rkhjhdj;ij njhiyj;Jtpl;L tpop gpJq;Fk; r%fk;
fz;bg;ghf rpy eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;baJ
mtrpakhFk;. kf;fspilNaAk;> kdq;fspilNaAk; xw;Wikg;
ghyj;ij cUthf;fp mjd;Nky; Gupe;Jzu;T gyiffisg; gug;g
Ntz;Lk;. rkj;Jtk;> rNfhjuj;Jtk; Ngzp gu];gu cjtpfis
mspf;f Ntz;Lk;. tpl;Lf; nfhLg;GfisAk;> rfpg;Gj; jd;ikiaAk;
tsu;f;f Ntz;Lk;. kw;wtu; cupikia kjpj;J jkJ flikia
ruptur; nra;aNtz;Lk;. %l ek;gpf;iffis xopf;f Ntz;Lk;. fy;tp
tsu;r;rpia ngUf;f Ntz;Lk;. xOf;f newpfis czu;j;jNtz;Lk;.
Rje;jpuj;ij tp];jupf;f Ntz;Lk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; jd;idj;jhNd
czuNtz;Lk;. vy;NyhUk; rkkhFk; NghJ Vw;wj;jho;T xope;J
cyf rkhjhdk; kyUk;.
63
kf;fs; nj kf;fs; nj kf;fs; nj kf;fs; njh hh hlu;g lu;g lu;g lu;gh hh hlYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk; lYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk; lYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk; lYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk;


kdpj rKjhaj;Jf;F vf;fhy fl;lj;jpYk; ,d;wpaikahjitahf
fhzg;gLgit kf;fs; njhlu;ghlYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk; MFk;. xU
ehl;bDila rdehaf ghuk;gupaj;ij fl;bf; fhf;ff;$ba ty;yik
,tw;wpw;Nf cupajhFk;. ,tw;wpd; gad;ghLk;> nry;thf;Fk;
ruptilfpd;wNghJ $r;rYk;> Fog;gKk; Vw;gl;L mikjpapd; ik
Njhd;Wk;. ru;thjpfhuk; jiytpupj;jhLk;. xU ehl;bDila
tsu;u;rpf;Fk;> cau;r;rpf;Fk; ce;Jrf;jpahf miktd ,e;j kf;fs;
njhlu;ghlYk; Clf Rje;jpuKk; MFk;.

gz;ilf; fhyj;jpy; NeUf;F Neu; NgRtjd; %yKk;> jpUKfq;fis
Xiyfs;> rPiyfs; thapyhf mDg;Gtjd; %yKk;> Gwh> fpsp
Nghd;w gwitfs; Clhf nra;jpfis mDg;Gtjd; %yKk;
kf;fspilNa njhlu;ghly; ,lk;ngw;wpUe;jJ. re;jpf;Fr; re;jp
gpurpj;jk; giwabj;J gpufldg;gLj;Jtjd; thapyhfTk;> gpuNjrj;jpd;
gy ghfq;fSf;Fk; xw;wu;fis mDg;gp tpz;zg;gpg;gjd; ClhfTk;
mf;fhy Clfr; nraw;ghLfs; ,lk; ngw;wd. ,aw;ifj;jhapd;
tsq;fshf ehl;bilNa fhzg;gl;l fhLfSk;> kiyfSk;> ePu;
epiyfSk; Clf Xl;lj;Jf;F gpd;dilthff; fhzg;gl;ld. NkYk;
Nghf;Ftuj;Jj; jilNahL mr;rpae;jpu rhjdq;fSk;> etPd
njhopy;El;gq;fSk; ,y;yhik mf;fhy Clf ke;jfjpf;F Kf;fpa
fhuzq;fshf ,Ue;jd.

Gjpa fly;topg; ghijfs; fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ljd; gpd; cyfpd;
ifj;njhopy; tsu;r;rp ngUf;fkila Gjpa fz;Lgpbg;Gfs;
fz;Lgpbf;fg;gl;ld. fy;tp kWkyu;r;rpAk;> FbNaw;wthjKk;> tu;j;jf
tpupTk;> ehLfhz;gaz mDgtq;fSk; Vw;gl;ljd; fhuzkhf fly;>
jiu> Mfha khu;f;fq;fs; %yk; ehLfSf;fpilNa njhlu;Gfs;
tpuptile;jd. tpQ;QhdpfshYk;> jj;Jt Mrpupau;fshYk;>
mwpQu;fshYk;> etPd njhopy;El;g tsu;r;rpahYk; kf;fs;
njhlu;ghly; tpUj;jpailaj; njhlq;fpaJ. ehrpr> ghrpr mikg;Gfs;
tPo;r;rpAw;W rdehaf rpe;jid kf;fs; kdq;fis Ml;nfhz; lJ.
Clf nraw;ghLk;> Rje;jpuKk; cuk; ngw;wd. $lNt Clf
rhjdq;fSk; Gj;JUg; ngwyhapd. jghy;> je;jp> fy;yr;R>
njhiyNgrp> thndhyp> vd;gd fhyNthl;lj;jpy; mr;rpae;jpuq;fs;>
njhiyf;fhl;rp> fzpdp> njhiyefy;> kpd;dQ;ry;> ,izak;>
nry;yplg;Ngrp> xspj;jpiu ciuahly;fs; vd khw;wKk; Njhw;wKk;
ngw;wd. njhlu;ghly; trjpfs; $lf;$l Clfj;Jiw tsu;r;rp
mile;jJ.

ru;thjpfhu ehLfspYk;> fk;A+dpr ehLfspYk;> mbg;gilthj
ehLfspYk; njhlu;ghly; Fiwf;fg;gl;L> Clfj;Jiw ifg;ghitfs;
Mf;fg;gl;bUe;jd. jdpkdpj Rje;jpuk; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gl;bUe;jJ.
rdehaf rpj;jhe;jk; ngUthupahf cyf ehLfspy; gpd;gw;wg;glj;
64
njhlq;fpajd; gydhf kf;fs; njhlu;ghlYk;> Clf Rje;jpuKk;
Ngzg;glj;jf;f epiy cUthdJ.

muRfspd; tsu;r;rpf;Fk;> tPo;r;rpf;Fk; jdpkdpjuJ cau;r;rpf;Fk;
jho;r;rpf;Fk; njhlu;ghlYk;> Clfj;JiwAk; Kf;fpa fhuzpfshf
mike;Js;sd. vdNt kf;fs; njhlu;ghlYk; Clfj;Jiwapd;
Rje;jpuKk; ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;baJ mj;jpahtrpakhFk;.

kf;fs; jq;fSf;Fs; njhlu;ghliy Vw;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;
re;Njfq;fisAk;> jLkhw;wq;fisAk; Nghf;fpf; nfhs;s KbAk;.
Gupe;Jzu;itAk;> tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikiaAk;
tsu;j;Jf;nfhs;syhk;. kdpj Neaj;ijAk;> kd cs;Szu;TfisAk;
gupkhwpf;nfhs;syhk;. nkhj;jj;jpy; md;igAk;> gz;igAk; Nt&d;wr;
nra;J rNfhjuj;Jtj;ij cUthf;fyhk;. mNjNghy
Clfj;Jiwia vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mjDila Gdpjk; mjd;
Rje;jpug; Nghf;fpNyNa jq;fpAs;sJ. fye;JiuahLtjd; %yk;
xUtiu xUtu; Gupe;J> rpf;fy;fis mwpe;J gyjug;gl;l ,d>
kjq;fshf ,Ue;jNghjpYk; mtutu; cupik> flikfis czu;e; J
kdpjNeaj;ij cUthf;fyhk;. r%fq;fSf;fpilNa Vw;glf;$ba
nfhiy> nfhs;is> fw;gopg;G> jPitg;G Nghd;w rKjhar;
rPuopTfis ,y;yhnjhopf;fyhk;.

cyf ehLfspilNa Clfr; Rje;jpuk; ruptug; Ngzg;glhjjd;
fhuzkhf gy Clftpayhsu;fs; nfhiy
nra;ag;gl;bUf;fpd;whu;fs;. Neu;ikNahL eLepiy jtwhJ cs;sij
cs;sthW mr;rkpd;wp kf;fSf;F vLj;Jf;$wpajw;fhf caupa
,yl;rpa Nehf;Fila Clftpayhsu;fSf;F mr;RWj;jy;> mty
epiyik> Ml;flj;jy;> mbfhaq;fs;> mfhykuzk; vd gyjug;gl;l
tpjj;jpy; ghjpg;Gfs; Vw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,d;W Clftpaypy;
cs;Eioaj; jahuhapg;Nghu; capiuf; fhTnfhLf;fTk;
Jzpe;jtu;fshf ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w vOjg;glhj tpjp xd;W
cyhtptUfpd;wJ. ,e;j epiy khwNtz;Lk;. gy;NtW f\;lq; fspd;
kj;jpapy; jhd; Nrfupj;j nra;jpfis ntspg;gLj;j xU
ClftpayhsDf;F G+uz Rje;jpuk; fpilf;fNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd;
cz;ikahd rdehafj;ij mDgtpf;f KbAk;.

khwhf Clfq;fspy; tje;jpfisAk;> ngha;r; nra;jpfisAk;
ntspapl;L kf;fs; kj;jpapy; tPz; GuspfisAk;> Fog;gq; fisAk;
Vw;gLj;jp ehl;by; mikjpapd;ikia Clftpayhsu;fs;
Njhw;Wtpf;ff; $lhJ. eLepiy jtwhJ Clfq;fs;
nraw;glNtz;Lk;. mNj Neuj;jpy; cs;sij cs;sthW vLj;Jf;$w
G+uz Rje;jpuKk; ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. mr;RWj;jy;fSf;F mbgzpe;J
cz;ikia jpupGgLj;jf; $lhJ. xU ehl;il cyf muq;fpy;
cau;j;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;Fk;> mgptpUj;jpailar; nra;tjw;Fk; Rje;jpu
Clfk; Kf;fpa gq;if tfpf;fpwJ. vdNt kf;fs; njhlu;ghlYk;>
Clfj;JiwAk; Rje;jpukhf ,aq;f vy;NyhUk; Kay;Nthkhf.

65
Nk Nk Nk Nkh hh hjiy tpLj;J vjpu;fhyj;ij Ne jiy tpLj;J vjpu;fhyj;ij Ne jiy tpLj;J vjpu;fhyj;ij Ne jiy tpLj;J vjpu;fhyj;ij Neh hh hf;FNt f;FNt f;FNt f;FNth hh hk; k; k; k;


cyfpy; kdpjd; Njhd;wp tsu Muk;gpj;j fhyKjy; nfhz;Nl
Nkhjy;fSk; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. fhLfspy; Ntl;ilahbj; jpupe;j
kdpjd; nfhba kpUfq;fs;> ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fSf;F Kjd;
Kjypy; Kfk; nfhLf;f Ntz;batdhf ,Ue;jhd;. gpd;du;
gbg;gbahf jd;idAk;> jd; FLk;gj;ijAk;> FOitAk; ,aw;if
vjpupfsplkpUe;J kl;Lkd;wp jd;idnahj;j gpw $l;lj;jpduplkpUe;Jk;
ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba epu;g;ge;jj;Jf;F cs;shf;fg;gl;lhd;.

,t;thW Nkhjy;fs; cyfpy; cUg;ngw Muk;gpj;jd. ,dk;> epwk;>
muRupik> tzpfk;> kjk;> Vfhjpgj;jpak; Nghd;w gy;NtW
fhuzq;fshy; rg;jhz;Lg;Nghu;> Kg;gjhz;Lg;Nghu;> E}whz;Lg; Nghu;
vd;gd cyfpy; ,lk; ngw;wd. 16k;> 17k;> 18k; E}w;whz; Lfspy;
FbNaw;w thjk; jiyg;gl;L Vfhjpgj;jpag; Nghu;fs;
Kd;js;sg;gl;ld. mjdbg;gilapy; Kjyhk;> ,uz;lhk; cyfg;
Nghu;fs; ntbj;jd. cyfshtpa uPjpapy; capu;r;NrjKk;>
nghUl;NrjKk; Vw;gl;lNjhL cs> ts ghjpg;Gfs; kf;fis
mr;rkilar; nra;Js;sd.

&Nrhtpd; rKjha xg;ge;jf; Nfhl;ghL murpaypy; Kf;fpa ,lj;ij
tfpf;fj; njhlq;fpa fhyKjy; Nkhjy;fspd; tPr;R Ntfk; jzpe;J
fhzg;gl;ld. ,Ue;jNghJk; Vfhjpgj;jpa thjk; mjw;F
mr;RWj;jyhfNt fhzg;gl;lJ. KNrhypdp> `pl;yu; Nghd;Nwhupd;
mopTfSf;Fg; gpd;du; ghrprthjKk;> ehrpr thjKk; eRf;fg;gl;lhYk;
,d;Dk; cyfpy; ,Ue;J Kw;whf mope;Jtpl tpy;iy. tWikAk;>
tul;rpAk;> NehAk;> tsg;gw;whf; FiwAk; kf;fis thl;Lk; ,f;fhy
fl;lj;jpy; Nkhjy;fs; KbTf;Ff; nfhz;Ltug;gl;Nl MfNtz;Lk;.

Kjyhk; cyfg; Nghupd; gpd;du; epWtg;gl;l ru;tNjr rq;fk;> cyf
mikjpia epiyehl;lj; jtwpaNghJ> 1945k; Mz;L ,uz;lhtJ
cyfkfh Aj;jj;jpd; Kbtpy; rkhjhd rigahf If;fpa ehLfs;
rig epWtg;gl;L ,d;Wtiu cyf rkhjhdj;Jf;fhf
ghLgl;LtUtJ ghuhl;lg;gl Ntz;ba xd;whFk;. Gupe;Jzu;itAk;>
tpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ikiaAk;> fye;JiuahliyAk;
Kd;dpiyg;gLj;jp %d;whtjhnahU cyf kfhAj;j epfo;T
Vw;gl;Ltplhky; jLj;J tUfpwJ. ,Ue;jNghjpYk; cyf ehLfspy;
et FbNaw;wthjk; fhuzkhfTk;> gy;ypd kf;fs; tho;T
fhuzkhfTk;> ngUk;ghd;ik> rpWghd;ik Kuz;ghL fhuzkhfTk;
Mq;fhq;F Nkhjy;fs; ,lk;ngw;W tUfpd;wd. xU r%fk; gpwpnjhU
r%fj;jpd; Rje;jpuk;> cupikfs; Nghd;wtw;iw eRf;f Kw; gLk;NghJ
Nkhjy;fs; cUthfpd;wd.

66
,e;j mbg;gilapy;jhd; ,yq;ifapYk; Nkhjy;fs; cUthfpd.
me;epau; Ml;rpf;fhyj;jpy; mtu;fis tpul;babj;J Rje;jpuk; ngw
xd;Wgl;L ,d> kj NtWghLfisf; fise;J Nghuhba ,yq;if
kf;fs;> Rje;jpuk; ngw;w gpd;du; ngUk;ghd;ik rpWghd; ik
NtWghLfshy; rkj;Jt cupikfis toq;f jk;Ks; jaq;fp
kWf;fj; njhlq;fpajhy; gpur;rpidfs; cUthfpd. xd;Wgl;bUe;j
,yq;ifj; Njrpak; gpsTgl Muk;gpj;jJ. rpq;fstUk;> jkpoUk;>
K];yPk;fSk;> fpwp];jtu;fSk; ,e;j ehl;bd; gpuirfs;. rpq;fs
kf;fs; rpq;fsj;ijAk;> jkpoUk; K];yPk;fSk; Vd;
fpwp];tu;fSk;$l jkpioAk; jha;nkhopahff; nfhz;ltu;fs;.
ngUk;ghd;ik ,dkf;fs; rpq;fstu;fshf ,Ue;j fhuzj;jhy;
Kjypy; rpq;fsk; kl;LNk mur nkhopahf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ijj;
njhlu;e;J G+ry;fs; cUthapd. ,U nkhop NgRk; kf;fSk;
,ize;Jtho jilf;fw;fs; cUthapd. ,U nkhopfSk; Njrpa
nkhopfshf;fg;gl;l NghJk; FbNaw;wthjk;> mgptpUj;jp> ghJfhg;G
Nghd;w Kf;fpa tplaq;fspy; ghugl;rk; fhl;lg;gl;ld.

Ngupdthjj;Jf;F vjpuhf mfpk;ir topapy; Nghul;lq;fis
Kd;ndLj;jNghJ mlf;FKiw topapy; rpWghd;ik kf;fs;
myl;rpag;gLj;jg;gl;ldu;. jkpou; FbapUg;Gfs; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
filfs; nfhOj;jg;gl;ld. fyhrhuq;fs; rPuopf;fg;gl;ld. nkhopahy;>
kjj;jhy; NtWgl;bUe;jhYk; ,yq;if kf;fs; vd;w Njrpaj;jhy;
xd;Wgl;bUe;j kf;fs; gpuptpidf;Fj; J}z;lg;gl;ldu;. mikjp
topapy; jkJ cupikfis kPl;nlLf;f Kbahnjd jkpo;
,isQu;fs; czuj; jiyg;gl;ljhy; MAjg; Nghuhl;lj;Jf;Fj;
js;sg;gl;ldu;. jPtputhjk; jiyJ}f;fpaJ. mur ,ae;jpuk; jpl;lkpl;L
jkpou; gpuNjrq;fis rPuopj;jJ. tsq;fs; rpije;jd. tWik
kpFe;jJ. mgptpUj;jp Fd;wpaJ. ghJfhg;G gytPdk; mile;jJ.
ghu;f;Fk; ,lq;fs; vq;Fk; gpzq;fs; kype;jd. capu;fSf;F
cj;juthjk; ,y;yhky; Nghapd. mur clikfs; mopf;fg;gl;ld.
ghJfhg;Gr; nryT mjpfupj;jjhy; gztPf;fk; Vw;gl;lJ. cw;gj;jp
Fd;wpaJ. ntspehl;Lf; fld; mjpfupj;jJ. nkhj;jj;jpy; ,yq;if
kf;fspdJk;> Fwpg;ghfj; jkpou;fspdJk; tho;f;if mdypilg;gl;l
nkOFNghy my;yYf;Fl;gl;lJ.

,e;j epiyapy;jhd; ru;tNjr mtjhdpg;gpy; Nkhjpf;nfhz;lJ
NghJk; vjpu;fhyj;ij Nehf;FNthk; vd;w vz;zk;
cUthf;fg;gl;lJ. Nehu;Ntapd; mDruizAld; Gupe;Jzu;T
cld;gbf;if muRf;Fk; tpLjiyg; GypfSf;Fkpilapy;
Vw;gLj;jg;gl;lJ. XusT epk;kjpf; fhw;iw kf;fs; Rthrpf;f
Muk;gpj;jdu;. Aj;j epWj;jk; ga czu;it mfw;wp cw;gj;jpf;F
ce;Jrf;jpaha; mike;jJ. vdpDk; epue;ju rkhjhdk; epyt ,d;Dk;
topNaw;gltpy;iy. murpay;thjpfspd; Raeyg;Nghf;Fk;>
kjthjpfspd; gpbthjKk;> Ngupdthjpfspd; ,Wkhg;Gk; ,Wf;fkhd
xU R+o;epiyiaj; Njhw;Wtpj;Js;sJ. ,f;fhy fl;lj;jpy; rpWghd;ik
kf;fs; mr;rkile;J kPz;LnkhU mty epiy Vw;gl;Ltplf;
67
$lhnjd mDjpdKk; Mz;ltid Ntz;Lfpd;wdu;. ngUk;ghd;ik
rhjhuz rpq;fs kf;fSk;$l rkhjhdj;ijNa kdjhu
tpUk;Gfpd;wdu;.

,yq;ifj; NjrpaNk! ehk; Nkhjpf;nfhz;lJ NghJk; ek;
vjpu;fhyj;ij Nehf;fp Nkhjiy epWj;jp KbTf;F tUNthk;. epue;ju
rkhjhdj;ij neUq;FNthk;. ehL eyk;ngw> cw;gj;jp ngUf>
tWik xopa> fy;tp tpupa> mgptpUj;jp epiwa tpl;Lf;nfhLj;J
Gupe;Jzu;NthL tho topNfhYNthk;. Nkhjiy epWj;Jtjhy;
mikjp> xw;Wik> md;G> rkhjhdk; vd;gd epyTk;. mopT xope;J
Mf;fk; Vw;gLk;. vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;jpd; Vf;fk; fiyAk;. kNdhjplk;
tYf;Fk;. ntspehLfsplk; ifNae;Jk; epiy khWk;. ,isQu;
kj;jpapy; Vw;gl;Ls;s tpuf;jp kdg;ghd;ik kiwAk;. ehL RgPl;rk;
milAk;. Njrpak; tsu;r;rpailAk;. Nkhjpf;nfhz;lJ NghJk;
vjpu;fhyj;ij Nehf;fp rkhjhdj;ij ehLNthk;. eyptw;W tho;e;J
Vw;wk; ngWNthk;.

68
mdu;j;jq;fspd;NghJ mdu;j;jq;fspd;NghJ mdu;j;jq;fspd;NghJ mdu;j;jq;fspd;NghJ Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jp d; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jp d; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jp d; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jp d;

gq;F gq;F gq;F gq;F


xU ehl;bDila tsu;r;rpf;Fk;> mgptpUj;jpf;Fk;> mjd; fyhrhu
gz;ghl;L tpOkpaq;fSf;Fk; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; gq;Nf
Kf;fpa nghWg;G cilajhff; fhzg;gLk;. Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk;
cyf muq;fpy; el;GwNthLk;> mNj Neuj;jpy; Njrpa fyhrhuj;Jf;F
gq;fk; Vw;glhkYk; ftdkhfr; nraw;glNtz;Lk;. cs;ehl;Lg;
ghJfhg;ig tYg;gLj;JtNjhL> ehl;by; thOfpd;w midj;J ,d
kf;fSila mgpyhirfisAk; epiwNtw;wf;$ba murpayikg;ig
cUthf;fp ,wf;Fkjpiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;jp Vw;Wkjpia tpupthf;fp
rpwe;j> jpwe;j nghUshjhuf; nfhs;ifia filg;gpbf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,d;iwa fhyfl;lj;jpy; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; kpfTk; fz;Zk;
fUj;Jkhfr; nraw;glNtz;ba Njit cs;sJ. kdpjts
nraw;ghLk;> ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fspdhy; Vw;glf;$ba neUf;fbAk;
vd;w ,Utif epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fSf;F Kfk;nfhLf;f Ntz;ba
mtrpak; cs;sJ. mj;Jld; mit xd;Wld; xd;W
njhlu;Ggl;ljhfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. Kjypy; kdpjj;ijg;
ghjpf;fpd;w tplaq;fis vLj;J Nehf;FNthkhdhy; ,yq;if
gy;ypd kf;fs; thOfpd;w xU ehL. ngUk;ghd;ik> rpWghd;ik
vd;w Ngjk; kype;Js;s ehL. nkhopthupahfTk;> kjthupahfTk;
kf;fs; NtWgLj;jg;gl;Ls;sdu;. Njrpak; vd;W ghu;f;Fk;NghJ
midtUk; ,yq;if kf;fNs. ,yq;if kf;fs; midtUf;Fk;
rkkhd cupikfs; gfpu;e;jspf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf murpay;
cupikfs; ,d mbg;gilapNyh my;yJ gpuNjr mbg;gilapNyh
NtWgl;Lf; fhzg;glf;$lhJ. Rje;jpukhd Raepu;za cupikfs;
Ngjg;glhjNghJ gpur;rpidfSf;F ,lkpy;iy. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtk; ghugl;rkpd;wp nraw;glNtz;baJ mtrpakhfpwJ.

,yq;iftho; kf;fspd; epk;kjpahd tho;tpw;Fk;> cau;r;rpf;Fk;>
tPo;r;rpf;Fk;> Njrpa nghUshjhu mopTf;Fk; mbg;gilahf
,dg;gpur;rpid> mjdhy; Vw;gl;Ls;s gaq;futhjk;> ghjhs cyfr;
nraw;ghL> Fw;wr; nray;fs;> rpWtu; ghjpg;G> gpwo;thd elj;ijfs;>
epUthfr; rPu;NfL> murpay; jiyaPLfs;> Clf Rje;jpuj; jil
Nghd;w ,d;Ndhud;d fhuzpfs; gy fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;Ws;
Kjyhtjhf ehl;bd; If;fpaj;Jf;F mr;RWj;jyhff; fhzg;gLtJ
,dg;gpur;rpidNa MFk;. ,dg;gpur;rpid Clhfj;jhd; gaq;futhjk;
vd;w gjk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ. ngUk;ghd;ikapdu;>
rpWghd;ikapdupd; cupikfis kWf;fpd;wNghJ tpLjiyg;
Nghuhl;lq;fs; cUthfpd;wd. Nghuhl;lq;fs; tYtilfpd;wNghJ
gaq;futhj rhak; G+rg;gLfpd;wJ. fl;Lg;gLj;jy; vd;w Nghu;itapy;
mopj;njhopg;G eltbf;iffs; ,lk; ngWfpd;wd. mg;NghJ jdpkdpj
69
Rje;jpuk; gwpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk;
kpfTk; epjhdkhfr; nraw;gl Ntz;Lk;. gy;ypd kf;fs; thOfpd;w
xU ehl;by; xw;iwahl;rpapd; fPo; gpur;rpidfis ,yFthfj; jPu;f;f
Kbahnjd;gij Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; czu;e;Jnfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.
rpWghd;ik kf;fisAk; jpUg;jpg;gLj;jf;$ba rk\;bahl;rp Kiwapd;
ed;ikfis kf;fSf;F mjhtJ ngUk;ghd;ik r%fj;Jf;F
Gupaitf;fNtz;ba flg;ghL Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;F cz;L.
,dthjpfSf;Fk;> kjthjpfSf;Fk; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhlhky;
mtu;fisAk; Njrpa xw;Wikf;Fs; topg;gLj;jNtz;Lk;.

gaq;futhjk; vd;wgjk; jw;NghJ ehl;by; rhjhuzkhf
gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpd;w xd;whFk;. gaq;futhjk; vd;why; vd;d?
xLf;fg;gl;l> kWf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; cupikfis ngWk;nghUl;L
elhj;jg;gLk; Nghuhl;lq;fspd; njhlu;r;rpahd tbtk;jhd;
gaq;futhjkh? ,y;iy> ,j;jifa Nghuhl;lq;fis ru;tNjrk;
nghJthf Gul;rpthjk; my;yJ jPtputhjk; vd;Nw mu;j;jg;gLj;Jk;.
,j;jifa Nghuhl;lq;fis njhlu;tjw;fhf my;yJ
fisnaLg;gjw;fhf kf;fs; kj;jpapy; mtyk;> mr;RWj;jy;> mlhtb>
Mjpf;fg;Nghl;b> mepahag; gLnfhiyfs; vd;gdtw;iw vj;jug;gpdu;
fl;ltpo;j;J tpl;lNghjpYk; mj;jifa fl;ltpo;g;G eltbf;iffNs
gaq;futhjk; vd fUjg;gly; Ntz;Lk;. gaq;fuj;ij kf;fSf;F
Vw;gLj;Jk; Njhw;wg;ghLfis gaq;futhjk; vd;ghu;fs;. vq;F
cupikfs; kWf;fg;gLfpd;wdNth mq;F Gul;rp Njhd;Wk; vd
murpaywpQu; &Nrh $wpAs;shu;.

gaq;futhj eltbf;iffspdhy; ehl;bd; nrhj;Jf;fs;> capu;fs;
mopf;fg;gl;L mgptpUj;jp gpd;Ndhf;fpj; js;sg;gLtij ahUk;
kWf;fKbahJ. mjdhy; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; gf;fk; rhuhky;>
murpay; ,yhgk; Njlhky; Njrpa eyidf; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L
,aq;fNtz;baJ mtrpakhfpwJ. Ml;rpajpfhuj;ij
jf;fitj;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhf kjthjpfisAk;> ,dthjpfisAk;
jpUg;jpg;gLj;Jk; nraw;ghLfspy; fhY}z;wpdhy; jiyikj;Jtk;
jLkhwpg;NghFk;. jpl;ltl;lkhd> epiyahd> rkj;Jtkhd>
J}uNehf;Fila KbTfis Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; vLf;fNtz;Lk;.
re;ju;g;gthj murpay; Njrpa eyDf;F gq;fj;ij tpistpf;Fk;.
nfhs;ifg; gpufldq;fs; xU r%fj;ij eRf;Ftjhf ,Uf;ff;$lhJ.
vy;NyhUk; ,e;ehl;L kf;fs; vd;w czu;it Njhw;Wtpf;f Ntz;Lk;.
me;epa Vfhjpgj;jpa Ml;rpapd;NghJ xd;whf xU mzpapy; epd;W
Rje;jpuj;Jf;fhfg; Nghuhb ntd;w ehq;fs; vq;fSf;Fs;NsNa
gpsTgLtjh? mkuftp ghujp Nfl;lJNghy; jk;gp rw;Nw
nkypthdhy; mz;zd; jhdbik nfhs;syhNkh vdf; Nfl;fj;
Njhd;WfpwJ. rpwe;j Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; vy;yh ,d kf;fisAk;
mutizj;J Kbe;j tiuapy; mtutu; cupikfis mtutu;
ngw;Wf;nfhs;s eltbf;if vLf;fNtz;Lk;.

70
mLj;jjhf Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; mtjhdpf;f Ntz;ba xU tplak;
ghjhs cyfr; nraw;ghLfs;. Nghijt];J tpw;gidNahLk;>
flj;jNyhLk; njhlu;Gila nfhiyfhuf; Fk;gy;fs; ghjhs
cyfj;jpdu;. murpay;thjpfspdhYk;> ngUk; nry;te;j
njhopyjpgu;fspdhYk; ,tu;fs; ghJfhf;fg;gl;L tUfpd;wdu;.
gLnfhiyfs; gytw;wpw;F nrhe;jf;fhuu;fs;. murpay;thjpfspd;
MrPu;thjj;NjhLjhd; gy mlhtbj;jdq;fspy; ,tu;fs;
<LgLfpd;wdu;. Nju;jy; fhyq;fspy; ,tu;fsJ nry;thf;F kpFe;J
fhzg;gLk;. gzk; nfhLg;gtu;fshfTk;> gpzk; vLg;gtu;fshfTk;
CLUtpAs;stu;fs;. vdNt ,tu;fis jf;fKiwapy; Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtk; ifahs Ntz;Lk;. vjpup vd;W xJf;fhkYk;>
ez;gd; vd;W neUq;fhkYk; mtu;fis fisnaLf;f Ntz;Lk;.
vjpu;fhy rKjhaj;ij rPuopf;fpd;w Nghijg; nghUl;fis
flj;JtJk;> tpepNahfpg;gJk; ,tu;fsJ Nkw;ghu;itapNyNa
eilngWfpd;wJ. cz;ikahd gaq;futhj;ij cUthf;fp
tpLgtu;fSk;> Cl;btsu;g;gtu;fSk; ,tu;fNa. vjpu;fhy
rKjhaj;Jf;F RgPl;rkhd Njrj;ij toq;Ftjw;fhf ,tu;fs;
midtiuAk; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; mopj;njhopf;f Ntz;baJ
mtrpakhfpwJ.

NkYk; rpWtu; J\;gpuNahfk;> nfhiy> fsT> ghypay; ty;YwT
Nghd;w Fw;wr; nray;fs; ,lk; ngwhtz;zk; jLg;gjw;Fupa
ePjpj;JiwiaAk;> fhty;JiwiaAk; kWrPuikj;J fz;fhzpf;f
Ntz;ba nghWg;Gk; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;Nf cz;L. NtypNa
gapiu NkahJ xOq;fhd fl;likg;ig cUthf;fNtz;Lk;.
rpwg;ghd fy;tpKiw> ePjpahd jz;lid> xOq;fhd Nkw;ghu;it>
rupahd gapw;rpfs; vd;gd toq;fg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gij
Mizf;FOf;fs; %yk; mtjhdpf;fNtz;Lk;. xt;nthU mikr;rpd;
fPo; jpizf;fsq;fs; xJf;fg;gl;bUe;jhYk; mit Neupa Kiwapy;
nraw;gLfpd;wdth vd;gij cupa Kiwapy; guprPypf;fNtz;Lk;.
kf;fspd; Njitfs; G+u;j;jp nra;ag;gLfpd;wdth vd MuhaNtz;Lk;.
murpay;thjpfspd; jiyaPLfs; fhuzkhf epUthfr; rPu;NfLfs;
Vw;gLtij clDf;Fld; eptu;j;jp nra;af;$ba Mw;wYk;
mDgtKk; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jplk; epiwe;jpUf;f Ntz;Lk;.
Fwpg;ghf Ml;rpapypUf;Fk; murpay;thjpfspd; eltbf;iffspy;
mtjhdk; ,Ue;J nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. xt;nthUtiuAk;
ed;F Gupe;Jnfhz;L tpl;Lf; nfhLg;GfSf;F kj;jpapy; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;
ty;yikAk; Ntz;Lk;.

r%f murpay; tpopg;Gzu;r;rpiaAk;> ,yf;fpa Mf;fj; jpwidAk;>
cs;ehl;L> ntspehl;L nra;jpfisAk; kf;fSf;F jpdKk;
toq;fptUk; Clfj;Jiwia Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; nrk;ikahd
Kiwapy; ifahsNtz;Lk;. xUtiu cau;j;jTk;> jho;j;jTk;
ty;yJ Clfj;Jiw. mNjNghy; Ml;rp khw;wq;fis
Vw;gLj;JtjpYk; Kf;fpa gq;fpid tfpf;fpd;wJ. mg;gbg;gl;l
Clfj;Jiw Rje;jpukhfTk;> RahjPdkhfTk; ,aq;fNtz;Lk;. mNj
71
Neuk; ngha;ahd jfty;fisAk;> jpupj;Jf;$Wk; nraw;ghLfisAk;
jtpu;j;Jf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;. Clftpayhsu;fs; jhf;fg;glhkYk;>
capu; gwpf;fg;glhkYk; ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. rdehaf
newpKiwfisg; gad;gLj;jp Clf ju;kj;ijg; NgzNtz;Lk;.
Njrpa njhiyf;fhl;rpNah> thndhypNah my;yJ Vida
Clfq;fNsh Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; Neubf; fl;Lg;ghl;bd; fPo;
,aq;fNtz;Lk;. ehl;bd; cz;ik epiyia cyfwpar; nra;Ak;
Clfj;Jiwia Ngzpg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;baJ Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; flikfSs; xd;whFk;.

mLj;jjhf ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fspd; nraw;ghl;il vLj;J
guprPypg;Nghkhdhy; jw;Nghija R+o;epiyapy; Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtj;Jf;F Kf;fpa nghWg;Gf;fis Rkj;j Ntz;bAs;sjhf
mike;Js;sJ. fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; gy;NtW gFjpfs; nts;sk;>
R+whtsp> kz;rupT> kio> Rdhkp Nghd;w ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fshy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;Lf; nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. mtw;why; ghjpg;gile;j
kf;fSf;F Ntz;ba epthuz eltbf;iffis fhy jhkjk; ,d;wp
clDf;Fld; nraw;gLj;j Ntz;baJ ,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

Nkw;Fwpg;gpl;ltw;NwhL njhw;WNeha;fs;> tpgj;Jf;fs;> jPg;gw;wy;
Nghd;wtw;iwAk; Fwpg;gplyhk;. tPjp tpgj;Jf;fis jtpu;g;gjw;fhd
MNyhridfisAk;> KjYjtp rpfpr;if KiwfisAk; tpiue;J
nraw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,it vy;yhtw;wpYk; capupog;Gfs; >
nghUl;Nrjk;> kdepiy ghjpg;G> mdhijahf;fk;> fy;tp ghjpg;G>
Rfhjhu rPu;NfL> ghijfs; Nrjk;> Neha;> jPa elj;ijfs; vd;gd
cUthf ,lKz;L. ,e;j ,lj;jpy; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd;
nghWg;Gk;> gq;Fk; kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;. ek; ehl;bd; ngUikia
Ngrpf;nfhz;L thshtpUf;f KbahJ. ve;j ,lq;fspy; cjtpfisg;
ngw KbANkh me;j ,lq;fspy; cjtpfisf; Nfhup mit cupa
Kiwapy; kf;fisr; nrd;wilfpd;wjh vd;gij mtjhdpf;f
Ntz;Lk;.

2004 brk;gupy; tlf;Ff; fpof;fpYk;> njw;fpYk; Vw;gl; l Rdhkpg;
Nguiyfs; Vw;gLj;jpa NguopTfspypUe;J kf;fs; ,d;Dk;
KOikahf kPl;rpailatpy;iy. xOq;fhd nraw;ghl;Lf;
fl;likg;nghd;W Vw;gLj;jg;gl;L cjtp nra;Ak; ntspehLfspd;
KOikahd ek;gpf;ifia ngw Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; jdJ
KOg;gyj;ijAk; nrYj;jNtz;Lk;. mopgl;L> my;yy;gLk; kf;fspd;
tho;tplq;fis cWjpnra;tjw;F cupa eltbf;iffs;
vLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. epue;ju tUkhdk; ,d;wpj; jpz;lhLk; kf;fs;
xUGwk;> mdhijfshfTk; Mjutw;wtu;fshfTk; Mf;fg;gl;l
Foe;ijfSk; KjpNahUk; ,d;ndhUGwk;> Rdhkp epthuz
tpepNahfj;jpy; Nkhrb nra;Ak; mjpfhupfSk;> Copau;fSk;
kw;nwhUGwk;> tho;f;ifj; Jizfis ,oe;J topjtwpg;NghFk;
,sk; ngz;fSk;> Mz;fSk; NtnwhUGwk;. ,tu;fis vy;yhk;
Kiwg;gLj;jp ePjpahd mdu;j;j Kfhikj;Jtf; fl;likg;nghd;iw
72
Vw;gLj;j Ntz;baJ Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; flikahFk;. ngWk;
cjtpfisj; jtwhd topfspy; nryTnra;J jwpnfl;Lg;
NghNthUk;> njhz;L epWtdq;fspd; nfhLg;gdTfisg; ngw;W
ngw;Nwhiu kjpahky; elf;Fk; gps;isfSk;> kPz;Lk; Rdhkp
te;JtpLNkh vd;w mr;rj;jhy; jpdKk; jpzwpf;nfhz;bUg;gtu;fSk;>
fy;tpfw;f xOq;fhd> epiyahd ,lkpy;yhky; my;yYWk;
khztu;fSk;> tpiythrp Vw;wq;fSk;> gpuNjrj;Jf;Fg; gpuNjrk;
fhl;lg;gLk; epthuz ghugl;rq;fSk; topg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

NkYk; gUtfhy thdpiy> Gtpaikg;G khw;wq;fshy; tul;rp>
ngUkio> nts;sk;> ntg;gk;> Gay;> R+whtsp> fly;nfhe;jopg;G>
fly;Nfhs;> kz;rupT> G+fk;gk; Kjypad fhyhfhyk; Njhd;wp kf;fs;
kj;jpapy; capupog;Gfs;> mopTfs;> Nrjq;fs;> gy;NtW Neha;fs;>
R+oy; khrilT Nghd;wtw;iw Vw;gLj;Jz;L. ,t;tifahd ,aw;if
mdu;j;jq;fspypUe;J kf;fis tpLtpg;gjw;F Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk;
rpwe;j jpl;lq;fisj; jPl;lNtz;baJ mtrpakhFk;. mnkupf;fhtpy;
Vw;gl;l fjupdh R+whtspahy; Vw;gl;l ghjpg;GfisAk;> kf;fspd;
mtyq;fisAk; Nghf;f mnkupf;f rdhjpgjpAk;> epUthfKk;
nrt;tNd cldbahf eltbf;if vLf;ftpy;iy vd me;ehl;L
kf;fs; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd;kPJ Fw;wr;rhl;Lf;fis
Rkj;jpAs;sij ehk; mwpNthk;. ru;t tsq;fSk;> ty;yikAk;
nfhz;l mnkupf;fhTf;F Vw;gl;l mDgtk; ru;tNjr uPjpapy; Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtq;fis rpe;jpf;f itj;Js;sJld; tUKd; fhf;ff;$ba
Kd;Ndw;ghl;L jpl;lq;fis tFg;gpf;fTk; J}z;bAs;sJ. ,e;j
epiyapy; ek;ehl;by; Vw;gl;Ls;s ,aw;if mdu;j;jq;fisAk;>
ghjpg;GfisAk; rupahd Kiwapy; ,dk;fz;L eltbf;if
vLf;fhtpl;lhy; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;ijNa ghjpg;gilar;
nra;JtpLk;.

epyf;fPo; ePNuhl;l khw;wq;fshy; epy eLf;fKk;> epy eLf;fj;jhy;
fly;Nfhs;fSk; Vw;gLfpd;wd. cau;> jho; mKf;fq;fshy;
R+whtopAk;> R+whtopahy; fly;nfhe;jopg;Gk;> fhw;Wk;> kioAk;
cUthfpd;wd. nts;sg;ngUf;fpd; fhuzkhf kz; mupg;G Vw;gl;L
mjdhy; cau; epyq;fspy; kz;rupT Vw;gLfpwJ. fhyepiy
khw;wq;fis clDf;Fld; mwptpj;J kf;fis tpopg;gilar;
nra;tpf;f Ntz;baJ Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jpd; ,d;wpaikahj
flikahFk;. ,it kl;Lky;yhJ Nkw;Fwpj;j ,aw;if
mdu;j;jq;fshy; ,aw;ifr; rkepiy ghjpg;gile;J gy
njhw;WNeha;fs; Vw;glTk; tha;g;Ngw;gLfpd;wJ. Rfhjhu
Nritfisj; Jupjg;gLj;jp Neha;f;fhd fhuzpfis fz;lwpe;J>
mit gutpAs;s gpuNjrq;fspy; mtw;iwf; fl;Lg;gLj;jf;$ba
eltbf;iffisAk;> NkYk; guthJ jLg;gjw;Fupa
Kd;NahridfisAk; nraw;gLj;jNtz;Lk;. Rfhjhug; gFjpf;Fj;
Njitahd Mszpfis epakpj;J gw;whf;Fiwia eptu;j;jpnra;a
Ntz;Lk;. epy Ma;T ikaq;fis epWtp jiuj;Njhw;w
73
NtWghLfis Muha;e;J FbapUg;Gfis jpl;lkpl;L njupTnra;Ak;
eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

xU ehl;bDila Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; jd; Ra ,yhgj;ijNah>
jhd; rhu;e;Js;s fl;rpapd; Mjhaj;ijNah kl;Lk; fUj;jpy; nfhz;L
nrayhw;w Kw;gLk;NghJ ehl;by; mikjp Fiye;JNghfpd;wJ. ve;j
Neuj;jpYk;> vg;gbg;gl;l R+o;epiyapYk; ehl;bd; eyid kl;LNk
fUj;jpy; nfhz;L epUthfj;ij nra;a Ntz;Lk;. cyf ehLfs;
gytw;wpy; ehl;bd; eyd; fUjhky; nraw;gl;l jiyikj;Jtq;fs;
kf;fshy; J}f;fpnawpag;gl;l tuyhWfis ehk; gbj;jpUf;fpNwhk;.
Rayhg murpaw; NjlYf;fhf $f;FuypLk; ,dthj rf;jpfisAk;>
kjj;jpd; ngauhy; gpuptpidiaj; J}z;btpLk; tzf;fj;Jf;Fupajhf
rpj;jupf;fg;gl;l jPtputhj rf;jpfisAk;> nkhopg;gw;Wjy; vDk;
Nghu;itf;Fs; Fspu;fha;e;Jnfhz;L Ntw;Wikfis tsu;j;JtpLk;
tul;Lj;jdkhd rf;jpfisAk; Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; J}utpyf;fp
xJf;fp itf;fNtz;Lk;. gy;ypd kf;fs; thOk; ehl;by;
xw;iwahl;rpapd; %yk; rkhjhdj; jPu;T fhzKbahjtplj;J
mjpfhug; guty;> mjpfhug; gfpu;T> mjpfhug; gpupg;G vd;gw;Ws;
nghUj;jkhdij eilKiwg;Lj;j Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk;
Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. xw;iwahl;rpaikg;gpDs; ,ize;j $l;lhl;rp
my;yJ rk\;bahl;rpia Vw;gLj;JtJ rpwe;j topahFk;.

kf;fs; Rje;jpukhfTk;> jkJ murpay;> nghUshjhu> fyhrhu> r%f
cupikfis jilapd;wp ngw;Wf;nfhs;sf;$ba topapYk; tho; tjd;
%yNk epk;kjpahd xU tho;f;ifiag; ngw KbAk;. me;j
epk;kjpiaj; juNtz;ba nghWg;G Njrpa jiyikj;Jtj;jplNk
cz;L. Vnddpy; ru;t mjpfhuq;fSk; nfhz;l Njrpa
jiyikj;JtNk ahg;Gf;fika ekJ ehl;by; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ.
ntspehl;Lf; nfhs;iffisNah cs;ehl;Lf; nfhs;iffisNah
newpg;gLj;jp filg;gpbj;J nraw;gLj;j Ntz;ba nghWg;Gk; Njrpa
jiyikj;Jtj;jplNk cz;L. Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; gf;fk; rhuh
cyf mDgtk; kpf;f Gj;jp[Ptpfis jkJ MNyhrfu;fshf
epakpj;J mtu;fsJ topfhl;ly;fisAk; rPu;J}f;fp KbntLf;f
Ntz;Lk;. vdNt Njrpa jiyikj;Jtk; vy;yh nraw;ghLfspYk;
jdpj;Jk;> xUkpj;Jk; eLepiyNahL jkJ gzpfis nra;tNj
rpwg;ghdjhFk;.









74
kdpjhgp khd tp Okpaq;fSk; ep iwthd kdpju;fSk; kdpjhgp khd tp Okpaq;fSk; ep iwthd kdpju;fSk; kdpjhgp khd tp Okpaq;fSk; ep iwthd kdpju;fSk; kdpjhgp khd tp Okpaq;fSk; ep iwthd kdpju;fSk;


kdpjhgpkhd tpOkpaq;fs; vd;W Fwpg;gpLk;NghJ nefpo;r; rp cs;s>
tpl;Lf; nfhLf;ff;$ba> gpwu; kdij ,jkhfj; jltpf;nfhLf;ff;
$ba ey;y gz;Gfis> cau;e;j jd;dyk; mw;w Fzhjpraq;fis
Rl;b epw;gijf; fhzyhk;. mg;gbg;gl;l rPupa elj;ijfis
nraw;gLj;Jk;NghJ kdpjhgpkhdk; jhdhfNt cUthf;fk; ngWk;.
mj;Jld; Gupe;Jzu;T NkNyhq;Fk;. mg;nghOJ ,tw;wpd; Clhf
ehl;Lf;Fj; Njitahd epiwthd kdpju;fis cUthf;f KbAk;.

,d;W Vwj;jho vy;yh cyf ehLfspYNk Nkw;Fwpj;j kdpjhgpkhd
tpOkpaq;fs; Nkhrkhf eype;J fhzg;gLfpd;wd. cyfk; rfy
rhjdq;fspdhYk; etPd Afj;jpy; RUq;fp gu];guk; ,ize;J
fhzg;gLfpd;w NghjpYk; $l ,jw;nfjpuhd rpe;jidfSk;>
nraw;ghLfSk; ePWG+j;j neUg;ghfTk;> ,iykiw fhahfTk;
fhzg;gl;Lf;nfhz;Nl ,Uf;fpd;wd. kpff; Fiwthd epiwTila
kdpju;fisNa ehk; fhzKbfpwJ. cs;nshd;W itj;Jg;
Gwnkhd;W NgRk; fgljhupfNs fhl;rpaspf;fpwhu;fs;. kdpj
tpOkpaq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;w nraw;ghLfis cw;WNehf;Fk;NghJ
Kjypy; ghu;f;fpd;w gf;fnky;yhk; gaq;futhjNk fhl;rpaspf;fpd;wJ.
mNj Neuj;jpy; epahakhd Nfhupf;iff;fhf NghuhLgtu;fs;$l
gaq;futhjpfshfr; rpj;jupf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;. xUrpyUila FWfpa
Nehf;fq;fis epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhfTk;> jdpg;gl;l FNuhjq;fisj;
jPu;j;Jf;nfhs;tjw;fhfTk;> mlf;FKiw Vfhjpgj;jpa
eltbf;iffSf;F vjpu;g;Gj; njuptpg;gjw;fhfTk; ,g;gbg;gl;l
gaq;futhj eltbf;iffs; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. vJTk; mwpahj
mg;ghtpfspd; ,og;GfSk;> Vuhskhd nghUl; Nrjq;fSk;
,jd;%yk; Vw;gLfpd;wd.

mLj;jjhf Nghijt];Jg; ghtid Jupjkhf tsu;r;rpaile;J
ehLfspilNa gutptUtijf; fhzyhk;. vt;thW nfh^u
rpe;jidiaAk;> nfhiyntwpiaAk; gaq;futhjk;
Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wNjh mNj Nghd;W NtW ghzpapy; ,e;j tplaq;fis
Nghijt];J ghtid Njhw;Wtpf;fj; J}z;LfpwJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp
tsu;e;JtUk; ,sk; rKjhaj;ij jd;dk;gpf;ifaw;w eyptile;j
r%fkhf khw;wp vjpu;fhy tho;f;ifiaNa ehrkhf;fp tpLfpwJ.
jkJ Njitfisg; G+u;j;jp nra;tjw;fhf vt;tpj <dr;
nray;fisAk; nra;aj; J}z;LfpwJ. Nghijt];Jg; ghtidf;F
cl;gl;ltu;fs; kPl;rp ngwhtpl;lhy; kdpjhgpkhd tpOkpaq;fs;
kz;NzhL kz;zhf kiwe;J Ngha;tpLk;.

kdpj tpOkpaq;fisg; ghjpf;fpd;w kw;WnkhU tplak; rpWtu;
J\;gpuNahfkhFk;. ,JTk; tsu;e;JtUk; ,sk; rKjhaj;ij
ghuJ}ukhfg; ghjpf;Fk; tplakhff; fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,sikapw;
75
fy;tp rpiyapy; vOj;J vd;gJ KJnkhop. rpe;ijapNy
ghyg;gUtj;jpy; jPl;lg;gLfpd;w jPr;nray;fs; KJiktiuAk;
njhluNt nra;Ak;. njhj;jbikg; gLj;Jjy;> jpUl;Lf;F
cl;gLj;Jjy;> Nghijt];J flj;Jjy;> jd;dpdr; Nru;f;if Nghd;w
r%ftpNuhj nray;fSf;F rpWtu;fs; cl;gLj;jg; gLfpd;whu;fs;.
,it fhuzkhf tho;f;ifapy; tpuf;jp> xOf;ff;NfL> nfh^uk;
Nghd;w Ntz;lj; jfhj elj;ijfs; ngUf;fkilfpd;wd. vjpu;fhyr;
re;jjpapdu; ,g;gbr; rPuope;J Nghtjhy; khDl tpOkpaq; fs; vt;thW
Ngzg;gLk;?

mLj;jjhf ghypay; ty;Ywit vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; mJ kdpj
tpOkpaq;fspd; mj;jpthuj;ijNa Ml;bg;gilf;fpd;w xU nrayhf
,dk;fhzg;gLfpd;wJ. ghlrhiyr; rpWkpfs; njhlf;fk;
fhupahyaq;fspy; NritGupAk; taJ te;j ngz;fs; <whf ,e;jg;
ghypay; ty;Ywtpdhy; kdk; jhf;fg;gLfpd;whu;fs;.
rpyre;ju;g;gq;fspy; FLk;gg; ngz;fs;$l ty;Ywtpw;F Ml;gl;L
jPu;f;f Kbahj msTf;F mt];ijg; gLfpd;whu;fs;. G+tpYk;
nky;ypau; ngz;fs; vd;W $Wthu;fs;. me;j msTf;F
nkd;ikahd kdk; nfhz;ltu;fs;. ,e;jf; nfh^ur; nraYf;F
cl;gLj;jg;gLk;NghJ kdk; rpije;J Nghfpd;wdu;. kdr;rpijT
mtu;fspd; tUk;fhy thupRfisNa tjk; gz;Zk;.
kdNehAilatu;fshfTk;> tpuf;jpAilatu;fshfTk;> nfh^u
rpe;jid cilatu;fshfTk; Vd; mq;fq;fs;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltu;fshfTk; vjpu;fhy rpwhu;fs; ,jd;%yk; cUthFk;
tha;g;G cUthfpwJ. ngz;fisg; ngz;fNs ty;YwTf;F
cl;gLj;Jk; gopfhur; nray;fSk; ,t;Tyfj;jpy; ,lk;ngwNt
nra;fpd;wd. murhq;fq;fs; kl;Lky;y> mfpyj;jpy; thOk;
,UghyhUNk ,t;ty;Ywit xopf;f Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd;
kdpjhgpkhd tpOkpaq;fs; kdq;fspilNa kyUk;.

,it jtpu Ms;khwhl;lk;> Vkhw;wy;> flj;jy;> nfhs;is vd;gdTk;
kdpj tpOkpaq;fis ghjpf;Fk; gpw fhuzpfshFk;. Ms;khwhl;lk;
nra;J guPl;ir vOJjy; njhlf;fk; jpUkzk; Kbj;jy;tiu
vy;yhtpjkhd Ms;khwhl;lKk; gz;ghL> fyhrhuk;> ePjp> epahak;
vd;gdtw;iwf; FopNjhz;bg; Gijf;Fk; nray;fshFk;. kdr;rhl;rp
vd;gJ kiwf;fg;gl;L Ngha;tpLfpwJ. Vkhw;W Ntiyfspdhy;
ghjpf;fg;gl;ltUf;F vupr;ry;> rypg;G> Vkhe;Jtpl;NlhNk vd;w jtpg;G
vd;gd kdj;ij mupf;fpd;wd. khshJ Nrhuitf;fpd;wd. Vkhw;wy;
vd;gJ ,d;W ru;t rhjhuzkhf Gof;fj;jpy; fhzg;gLfpd;wJ.
Vkhw;wy; Vkhw;wg;gLgtiu vt;thW rQ;ryg;gLj;Jk; vd;gij
czuhkNyNa ,lk; ngWfpwJ. jw;nfhiyf;Ff;$l ,l;Lr;
nry;fpwJ. gps;isfs; ngw;NwhiuAk;> fztd; kidtpiaAk;>
kidtp fztidAk;> ez;gu; ez;giuAk;> cwTfs; cwTfisAk;>
murpay;thjpfs; kf;fisAk;> Nghyp Md;kPfthjpfs; gf;ju;fisAk;
Vkhw;WtNjhL cyfNk jd;idj;jhNd Vkhw;wpf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;wJ.
nfhs;is> flj;jy; ,tw;iw vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mit $l kdpj
76
tpOkpaq;fspy; gy fPwy;fis Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. Nrhk;Ngwpj;
jdj;ij tsu;g;gjw;Fk;> RfNghfj;ij ehLtjw;Fk; nfhs;is>
flj;jypy; <LgLfpd;whu;fs;. ghjhs cyff; FOf;fs; vd
jq;fSf;Fg; ngau; R+l;bf;nfhz;L Ngahl;lk; MLfpd;whu;fs;.
JzpTk;> Jg;ghf;fpAk; mtu;fSf;Fj; Jiz Gupfpd;wd.
,e;eltbf;iffs; ,yq;ifapy; kl;Lky;y ngUthupahd cyf
ehLfspNyAk; ,lk;ngw;W tUtij ehk; fhzf;$bajhf cs;sJ.
,r;nray;fs; vt;thW kdpj tpOkpaq;fis Nkk;gLj;j KbAk; .
vj;jid nfhiyfs; ,tw;why; ,lk;ngWfpd;wd. vj;jid
FLk;gq;fs; epu;f;fjpahfpd;wd.

Vio gzf;fhud;> cau;e;jtd; jho;e;jtd; vd;w tu;f;f
Ngjq;fSk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;F fsq;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk;
ifq;fhupaq;fisr; nra;fpd;wd. Vw;wj; jho;Tfs; ,jaq;fisg;
ghjpf;fpd;wd. tf;fpuGj;jpiaAk;> nghwhikf; Fzj;ijAk; cw;gj;jp
nra;fpd;wd. ,it xopahJ vg;gb epiwthd kdpju;fis cUthf;f
KbAk;? ,d;Dk;> Vfhjpgj;jpa mlf;FKiw> thzpgg; Nghl;b
vd;gdTk; cau;e;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; jho;e;j rpe;jidfis
cUthf;Ffpd;wd. ntspapy; ghYk;> goKk; Nghy goFthu;fs;
kiwtpy; Fj;J ntl;L ,lk;ngWk;. kdpj Nkk;ghl;Lf;F ,q; F ,lk;
Vw;gLfpwjh? tsu;Kf ehLfis mjhtJ fPioj;Nja twpa
ehLfis vLj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; mq;F rPjdf; nfhLik> rhjpf;
nfhLik vd;gd ,e;j etPd Afj;jpYk; Mq;fhq;Nf ,lk;
ngw;Wf;nfhz;Ljhd; ,Uf;fpd;wd. ,tw;wpd; %yk; vj;jid
rhjpf;fytuq;fs;. mtw;why; jPitg;G> nfhs;is> nfhiy>
nghUl;Nrjk; vd;gd ngUf;fkilfpd;wd. ntwpAzu;r;rp NkNyhq;f
tpNtfj;ij mopj;J muf;fu;fshf khwptpLfpd;whu;fs; rhjpntwp
gpbj;jtu;fs;. rPjdf; nfhLikapdhy; rPuope;j FLk;gq;fs; mNefk;.
kztho;it kuztPlhf;fpNdhu; gyu;. nfhLikapdhy; gpj;Jg;
gpbj;jtu;fs; ,d;Dk; gyu;. ngw;Nwhuhy; Ngjypj;j gps;isfs;
xUGwk;> ngz;fshy; nghwpfyq;fpg;Nghd ngw;Nwhu;fs; kWGwk;.
,g;gb epk;kjpia ,oe;J> ,Ug;gjw;F epoypd;wp epu;f;fjpahd
ngz;fs; gw;gyu;. NkYk; jw;nfhiy> jtwhd elj;ij
Nghd;wtw;wpw;Fk; rPjdf; nfhLik ngz;fisj; js;spAs;sikia
ehshe;jk; jpdrupfspd; %yk; mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;.

Nkw;Fwpj;j fhuzq;fs;jhd; kdpj tpOkpaq;fs; kuj;Jg;Nghtjw;Fk;>
kbe;JNghtjw;Fk; mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wd. ,Jjhd; ,d;iwa
cyf epiyik. tpUg;G ntWg;ghf khWtjw;Fk;> ,uf;fk; ,Uk;ghf
,WFtjw;Fk;> md;G tk;ghf cUtfpg;gjw;Fk;> el;G gifahf
tsu;tjw;Fk;> ghrk; Ntrkhf tpistjw;Fk;> nghWik nghq; fp
vOe;J G+fk;gkhtjw;Fk; Gwf;fzpf;fg;gl Ntz;ba rKjhar;
jPr;nray;fNs nghWg;ghf cs;sd. jhkrk; NkNyhq;Fk;NghJ
rhj;tPfk; fPopwq;FfpwJ. jPahiuf; fhz;gJTk; jPNj> jPahu; nrhw;
Nfl;gJk; jPNj> jPahNuhL ,zq;fpapUg;gJTk; jPNj vd;w
77
KJnkhopf;fikthf tho;e;Jtpl;lhy; kl;Lk; NghjhJ. mg;gbg;gl;l
jPahu; cUthtjw;fhd mbg;gilia mwpe;J mtw;wpypUe;J
mtu;fisAk; tpLtpf;f Ntz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd; kdpjhgpkhd
kdpj tpOkpaq;fis Nkk;ghlilar; nra;J epiwthd kdpju;fis
cUthf;f KbAk;. mbf;FNky; mbabj;jhy; mk;kpAk; efUk;
vd;gJ Md;Nwhu; thf;F. mij ehk; tpNtfj;JlDk;> tPuj;JlDk;>
nghWg;GlDk;> nghWikAlDk; nraw;gLj;jpdhy; ntw;wpaila
KbAk;. gpwg;gpdhy; vtUk; jPatu;fs; ,y;iy. gpwe;J kz;Nky;
tsUk;NghJjhd;> Gwr; R+o;epiyfshYk;> Rw;whly;fspdhYk;
elj;ijfs; jlk;Guz;L Nghfpd;wd.

kdpj tpOkpaq;fis vt;thW r%fq;fspilNa ehk; cUthf;f
KbAk; vd;gij rPu;J}f;fpg; ghu;f;fpd;wNghJ> gpd;tUk; tplaq;fs; ek;
kdf;fz; Kd; fhl;rp jUfpd;wd. ,tw;iw ehk; gw;WWjpNahL
gpd;gw;wp> nraw;gLj;jp tUtjd; %yk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fis
Nkk;gLj;Jtjd; Clhf epiwthd kdpju;fis ,e;j cyfj;jpy;
cUthf;f KbAk;.

tpl;Lf;nfhLj;jy;> kd;dpj;jy;> Gupe;J nfhs;sy;> cjtp Gupjy;>
cw;rhfg;gLj;Jjy;> ghuhl;Ljy;> ngUik jtpu;j;jy;> gz;Gilik>
,dpanrhy; Ngry;> md;G nrYj;Jjy;> xOf;fk; Ngzy;> cz;ik
Ngry;> el;G ghuhl;ly;> nghwhik jtpu;j;jy;> ,uf;fk; nfhs;sy;>
gpwu; Jd;gj;jpy; gq;nfLj;jy;> ehl;lhz;ik jtpu;j;jy;> eLepiyik
jtwhjpUj;jy;> Nghftpl;Lg; Gwq;$whjpUj;jy;> jw;Gfo;r;rp jtpu;j;jy;>
Jd;gj;jpy; rpupj;jy;> gpwu; nray;fspy; Njitaw;W %f;F
EioahjpUj;jy; Nghd;w gy tplaq;fs; ey;y tpOkpaq;fshff;
nfhs;sg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw xt;nthd;whf tpupTwg;
ghu;f;fg;Nghdhy; gy njspTfs; vq;fSf;Fg; Gyg;gLk;.

gpur;rpidfs; vOfpd;w NghJ ,Ugf;fKk; MuhahJ Mj;jpuj;Jf;F
Kjyplk; nfhLj;J tplaj;ijg; ngupJ gLj;JtijtpLj;J
fye;Jiuahb vJ rupnad;gij xj;Jf; nfhz;L tpl;Lf;
nfhLf;Fk;NghJ vj;jidNah gpur;rpidfs; jPu;e;JNghf topgpwf;Fk;.
tpl;Lf;nfhLg;gij Njhy;tpailtJ vd;W fUJtJ gpioahd
thjkhFk;. tpl;Lf;nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik ngUik juf;$ba
tplakhFk;. vijAk; jhq;Fk; ,jaj;ijg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tNjhL>
ngUe;jd;ikahd gf;Ftj;ijAk; Njhw;Wtpf;ff;$baJ. gujDf;fhf
,uhkDk;> ,uhkDf;fhf gujDk; tpl;Lf; nfhLj;J ek; kdq; fspy;
,lk;gpbf;f tpy;iyah? tpl;Lf; nfhLf;fhj NghJ> jhd; gpbj;j
KaYf;F %d;W fhy;fs; vd;fpd;w Mztk; NkNyhq;FfpwJ. mb>
gpb rz;il cUthfpwJ. capu;r;Nrjk;> nghUl;Nrjk; Vw;gl
tha;g;gspf;fpd;wJ. vdNt tpl;Lf; nfhLf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik
,d;wpaikahjjhFk;.

kd;dpj;jy; vd;gJ kfj;jhd xU nrayhFk;. kd;dpf;fpd;w
kdg;ghd;ikf;F Kjypy; nghWik kpf Kf;fpakhdjhFk;.
78
mjdhy;jhd; nghWj;jhu; murhs;thu; nghq;fpdhu; fhLiwthu;
vd;W ghujk; vLj;Jf; $WfpwJ. kd;dpf;fj; njupe;jtd;jhd;
cz;ikahd kdpjdhfpwhd;. xU fd;dj;jpy; miwe;jhy; kW
fd;dj;ijAk; fhl;L vd;W ,NaRgpuhd; $wpaJk; kd;dpf;Fk;
khz;ig ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhfj;jhd;. ngupaGuhzj;jpy;
nka;g;nghUs; ehadhUila rupj;jpuj;ij vLj;Jg; ghu;f;fpd;wnghOJ
mtu; giftd; Kf;jpehjd; rptNtlk; G+z;L mtu; khspif te;J
mtiuf; fj;jpahy; Fj;jp Fw;Wapuhf;fpaNghJ fhtyu;fs; gpbf;f>
Kf;jpehjid kd;dpj;J NghftpLkhW nra;jhu;. ngUik mile;jhu;.
jd;idf; nfhy;yte;j jk;gpia kd;dpj;J fhNlftpy;iyah Fkz
kfhuhrh. Vd; kfhj;kh fhe;jp jd;idj; Jd;GWj;jpa gyiuAk;
kd;dpj;J kfhj;kh Mftpy;iyah? kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;ghd;ik
xUtupd; cs;sj;jpy; cjpj;jpJtpl;lhNyNa mq;F rpwe;j tpOkpak;
cw;gj;jpahfp tpl;lJ vdf; fUjyhk;. kd;dpf;Fk;NghJ kd;dpg;Gg;
nghWgtd; jpUe;Jtjw;F xU re;ju;g;gk; fpilg;gNjhL mtd; gpwiu
kd;dpf;Fk; kdg;gf;Ftj;ijAk; milfpwhd;.

Gupe;Jzu;T> Gupe;J nfhs;sy; vd;Dk; gjq;fs; kpfTk; ngWkjp
tha;e;jit. cyfj;jpy; eilngWk; vj;jidNah gpur;rpidfSf;F
%yfhuzk; Gupe;Jzu;T ,y;yhikNa MFk;. kdpjid kdpjd;
Gupe;J nfhz;lhy; kdNtw;Wikf;F ,lk; ,y;yhky; Ngha;tpLk;.
xt;nthUtu;f;Fk; mtutu; gpur;rpid ngupjhfj; Njhd;wyhk;. mNj
Neuj;jpy; Gupe;Jzu;NthL kw;wtu; gpur;rpid vd;d vd;gij mwpa
Kw;gLk;NghJ ekJ gpur;rpid rpwpjhfp tpLk;. rpy tpl;Lf;nfhLg;Gfs;
%yk; gpur;rpidf;F jPu;T fz;Ltplyhk;. vdNt> Gupe;Jnfhs;sy; kpf
Kf;fpakhdJ. Gupe;Jnfhs;sy; %yk; kw;wtUila tho;tpd;
rupj;jpuj;ij mwpe;Jnfhs;syhk;. gu];gu rpNdf kNdhghtj;ij
tsu;j;Jf; nfhs;syhk;. mopTfs; kiwa Mf;fq;fs; Njhd;Wk;.
gif kwe;J ghrk; cUthFk;. kdkhw;wq;fs; kdpj tpOkpaj; ij
cUthf;Fk;.

ghuhl;Ljy; vd;gJ xU cd;djkhd gz;ghL. ghuhl;lj;
njupe;jtd;jhd; gpwuhy; ghuhl;lg;gLfpd;whd;. xUtuJ jpwik>
cau;r;rp> Kaw;rp> ntw;wp Mfpatw;iw gyupd; Kd;dhy;
ghuhl;lNtz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd; mtuJ ciog;G> Nrit> Mw;wy;
vd;gd nkd;NkYk; tsu;r;rpailAk;. xUtuJ ntw;wpiaf; fz;L
nghwhikg;gLtJ ek;ik ehNk jho;j;jpf; nfhs;tjw;F xg;ghFk;.
jpir khwpg;Nghdtu;fSk;> vjpu;fhyr; re;jjpapdUk; ghuhl;Ljypd;
kfpikia mwpe;J jhKk; ghuhl;ilg; ngwNtz;Lk; vd;w
Cf;fj;ijg; ngWtu;. csj;Jf;Fk; clYf;Fk; tYNru;f;Fk;.

kfhj;kh fhe;jp> Mgpufhk; ypq;fd;> kfhftp ghujp> MWKf ehtyu;>
tpGyhee;j mbfshu;> md;id jpNurh Nghd;wtu;fis ehk; ghuhl;bg;
NgRk;NghJ mtu;fisg;Nghy ehKk; cauNtz;Lk; vd;W
Mirg;gLtjpy;iyah? Kaw;rpg;gjpy;iyah? MfNt> ghuhl;Ljy;
79
vd;gJ rpwe;jnthU kdg;ghd;ik. ghuhl;Ljy; jd;dk;gpf;ifia
tsu;j;J cau;Tf;F ciof;f gyk; Nru;f;Fk; cd;dj gz;ghFk;.
ey;y tpOkpaq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;s toprikf;Fk; ghuhl; Ljypd;
topjhd; cyfj;jpy; ngUk; ngUk; rhjidfs; epiy
epWj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

gu];guk; xUtUf;F xUtu; cjtpGupjy; rpwe;j kdpj khz;ghFk;.
ViofSf;F> ,ayhjtu;fSf;F> mdhijfSf;F> NehahspfSf;F>
mfjpfSf;F cjtpGupjy; ,iwtDf;Nf cjtp Guptjhf mikAk;.
Viofspd; rpupg;gpNy ,iwtd; ,Uf;fpd;whd; vd;W $Wthu;fs;.
mjdhy;jhd; ts;Stu; ngUkhDk; fhyj;jpdhy; nra;j cjtp
Qhyj;jpd; khzg; ngupJ vd;whu;. cjtpaspg;gJ vd;gJ ifJ}f;fp
tpLtjhFk;. mJTk; NjitahdNghJ nra;fpd;w cjtpNa
rpwg;ghdJ. mjpYk; gpujpgyid vjpu;ghu;f;fhky; nra;fpd;w cjtp
kpfTk; NkyhdJ. fUiz cs;sj;jpd; ntspg;ghLjhd; cjtpGupAk;
kdg;ghq;F. gpwu; f\;lj;ij jd; f\;lkhf kjpj;J tho;tpw;F
topfhl;Lk; ,uf;f rpe;ij vy;NyhuplKk; ,Uf;f Ntz;baJ
mtrpakhFk;. fy;tpf;F cjtpaspg;gJ> mdhijfSf;F>
mq;ftPdu;fSf;F cjtpaspg;gJ> mNj Nghy; mfjpfs;>
KjpNahUf;F cjtpaspg;gJ khdplg; gpwg;gpd; ngUk; NgwhFk;.
nfhLj;jhUf;Ff; Fiwtpy;iy vd;gJ mJjhNdh?

jw;ngUik jtpu;j;jy; kpf Kf;fpakhd xd;whFk;. Vnddpy;
jw;ngUik kdpj tpOkpaq;fSf;Nf NfL tpistpf;Fk; xU gz; ghf
mike;JtpLk;. ngUik jtpu;j;jy; ey;y gz;ig tsu;f;Fk; vd;W
$wg;gLfpwJ. jw;ngUik cs;stu; gpwiuAk; jho;j;jp> jk; ikAk;
jho;j;jpf; nfhs;Stu;. cz;ikahd ciog;G> Nrit> Mw;wy;
vd;gtw;iw jw;Gfo;r;rp ,opTgLj;jp tpLfpd;wJ. jw;ngUik
cs;stu;fs; kw;wtu;fis kjpf;fkhl;lhu;fs;. ,jdhy; kdpj
tpOkpaq;fs; kOq;fbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. ek;ik ehNk ghuhl;bf;
nfhs;sf;$lhJ. mJ fiwahidg;Nghy ek;NkhL cldpUe;J
ek;ikNa mopj;JtpLk;. vdNt kdpj tpOkpaj;Jf;F khR fw; gpf;Fk;
jw;ngUik jtpu;f;fg;gl Ntz;banjhd;whFk;.

kdpj tpOkpaq;fis Nkk;gLj;Jk; kdpju;fs; kl;Lk;jhd; epiwthd
kdpju;fsh? Vidatu;fs; kdpju;fspy;iyah vd;W Nfl;ff;$Lk;.
,q;Nf epiw vd;w gjk; gad;gLj;jg; gl;Ls;sjidf; fhzyhk;.
epiw vd;w nrhy;Yf;F gy nghUs;fs; nfhs;syhk;. xOf;fk;>
gz;G> flik> fz;zpak;> fl;Lg;ghL> fw;G> fUiz> jpahfk;>
md;G> ePjp Mfpa vy;yhg; gjq;fspd; $l;LtbNt ,d;W epiw vdg;
nghUs;gLfpwJ. mg;Ngu;g;gl;l epiwthd kdpjhgpkhdj;ij ,yFtpy;
Vw;gLj;jptpl KbahJ. epiwthd kdpju;fs; ,iwtdhy;
gpwg;gpf;fg;gLfpwhu;fs;. mg;gbg; gpw;gpf;fg;gl;ltu;fs; %yk;
VidNahiuAk; jpahdk;> n[gk;> jtk; Mfpa kdpj tpOkpaq; fs;
Clhf ehk; epiwthdtu;fshf cUthf;fNtz;Lk;. me;j
80
mbg;gilapy; ehk; mLj;jjhfg; ghu;f;fg;NghtJ md;G nrYj;Jjy;
MFk;.

md;Gk; mwDk; cilj;jhapd; ,y;tho;f;if gz;Gk; gaDkJ
vd;whu; ts;Stg; ngUe;jif. md;Gf;F milf;Fk; jho; ,y;iy.
md;Gilatu; vd;Gk; cupau; gpwu;f;F> md;Ng rptk;> md;Gjhd;
cyf kfhrf;jp vd md;gpd; ngUikfis $wyhk;. ghup
Ky;iyf;F nghw;Nju; <e;jJk;> Ngfd; kapYf;F jd; gl;lhiliag;
Nghu;j;jpaJk;> rpgpr; rf;futu;j;jp Gwhtpd; capUf;fhf jd;Dapiu
<ate;jJk;> vy;yhk; md;Gf;fhfNt. cyfNk md;Gf;fhf Vq;FtNj.
cz;ikapy; cyfNk md;GkakhdJ. vdNt md;G nrYj;Jtjd;
%yk; nfl;ltu;fisAk; ey;ytu;fshf;fyhk;. vj;jidNah rpwhu;fs;
jhad;G fpilf;fhj fhuzj;jhy; jWjiyfshfj; jpupe;jij
tuyhWfs; fhl;Lfpd;wd. md;Gf;F Kd;dhy; Mztk;> mfq;fhuk;>
mlhtbj;jdk; mlq;fpg; Nghtij gy re;ju;g;gq;fspy; ehk;
fz;bUf;fpNwhk;. ,d;W$l mjpfhuj;jpdhy; kl;Lk; cyif
MsKbahJ vd;gij eilngWfpd;w epfo;r;rpfs; Glk;Nghl;Lf;
fhl;Lfpd;wd. nfhj;jpj;jpupAk; me;jf; Nfhop mijf; $l;btpisahL
ghg;gh> vj;jpj; jpULk; me;jf; fhfk; mjw;F ,uf;fg;gl NtZkb
ghg;gh vd;W ghg;gh ghl;L %yk; md;gpd; typikiag; ghujpahu;
mofhf vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfpwhu;. md;Gs;s ,jaq;fs; ey;y
Nfhapy;fshFk;. mjdhy;jhd; vy;yh kjq;fSk; md;G
nrYj;jNtz;Lk; vd;W miw$Tfpd;wd. md;ig fsq;fkw
nrYj;Jtjd;%yk; rpwe;j tpOkpaq;fis cUthf;f KbAk;. md;Ng
kfj;Jtk;tha;e;j xU tpOkpakhFk;. fy;neQ;rk;
gilj;jtu;fisf;$l md;gpd; typikapdhy; fiuj;Jtpl KbAk;.

cd;idj; jpUj;J> cyfk; jpUe;Jk; vd;W $Wthu;fs;. Kw;wpYk;
cz;ik. jd;idj; jpUj;jpa gpd;Ng kw;wtiuj; jpUj;jg;Nghf
Ntz;Lk;. jd;dpy; Mapuk; jtWfisAk;> FiwfisAk;
itj;Jf;nfhz;L re;jp nra;a Kide;jhy; CUf;F cgNjrk;
Nehf;Fk; Nef;Fk; ,y;iyab vd;w fijahfptpLk;. mg;gbahdhy;
Kjypy; ehk; xOf;fj;ijg; NgzNtz;Lk;. xOf;fk; tpOg;gk;
juyhy; xOf;fk; capupDk; Xk;gg;gLk; vd;whu; ngha;ahnkhopg;
Gytu;. ,q;Nf tpOg;gk; vd;gJ tpOkpaj;ijj;jhd; Fwpj;jJ. vdNt
xOf;fk; jiyrpwe;j tpOkpakhFk;. xOf;fk; vd;gJ elj;ijapy;>
jtwhik kl;Lky;y nrhd;d nrhy; jtwhik> ngha; Ngrhik>
gzpTilik> Neuk; jtwhik> fw;Gnewp tOthik> mePjpf;F
jiytzq;fhik> ePjp epahak; Nrhuk; Nghfhik> ey;ytw;iw
tpyf;fhik vdg; gythW tiutpyf;fzg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.
RUf;fkhfr; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy; J}a;ikahd kdNk xOf;fkhFk;.
ukzu;> mutpe;ju;> kfhj;khfhe;jp> md;id njNurh> ,uhkfpU\;zu;>
tpNtfhde;ju; Nghd;Nwhu; xOf;f rPyu;fshf tho;e;J cyfj;ijj;
jpUj;jpdhu;fs;.
81

NkYk; cz;ik NgRjy;> el;Gg; ghuhl;Ljy;> nghwhik jtpu;j;jy;
Nghd;wtw;iwg; ghu;g;Nghkhdhy; ,itAk; kdpj tpOkpaq;fis
Nkk;gLj;Jk; rhjdq;fshfNt cs;sd. cz;ikNa NgR ed;ikNa
ngWtha; vd;W $WtjpypUe;J Gyg;gLfpwJ cz;ik NgRtjd;
kfpik. vj;Jiz f\;lq;fs; te;jNghJk; ehl;il ,oe;J>
nghUis ,oe;J> fl;ba kidtpiaj; Jwe;J> xNuNahU kfid
fhyd; gwpj;njLj;jNghJk; fyq;fhJ cWjpNahL cz;ikiag;
Ngrpajhy; cyfk; mupr;re;jpuidg; Nghw;wpg; Gfo;fpwJ. jiuapdpd;W
cauk; Xba jUkupd; Nju; mtu; tha;ik Xuplj;jpy; jtwpajhy;
jiuapy; gjpe;J Xbaij ghujk; vLj;Jf;fhl;ltpy;iyah?
mjdhy;jhd; cz;ikf;F tha;ik> rj;jpak; vdg; ngau;fs;
toq;fg;gLfpd;wd.

el;G ghuhl;ly; vy;NyhuhYk; filg;gpbf;f Ntz;ba rpwe;jnthU
gz;ghFk;. mJTk; ey;ytNuhL cwthLk; el;Ng cau;e;jJ. ahJk;
CNu ahtUk; NfsPu; vd;gjw;fpzq;f vy;NyhUk; xU jha; tapw;Wg;
gps;isfsha; el;Gld; gof Ntz;Lk;. ,Lf;fz; fistjhk; el;G
vd;whu; nja;tg; Gytu;. gpwUila Jd;gj;jpy; gq;nfLj;J el;G
ghuhl;ly; rhyr; rpwe;jJ. fs;sk; fglkpd;wp cwthLk; el;G
cau;e;jJ. fz;zgpuhd; mu;r;Rdd;> ,uhkgpuhd; mDkhd;>
fu;zd; JupNahjdd; Nghd;w rupj;jpu ehafu;fs; el;gpd;
,yf;fzkhf tho;e;J fhl;bdhu;fs;.

vupr;rYf;Fs; ,Ue;jhYk; Gifr;rYf;Fs; ,Uf;ff;$lhJ vd;W
$Wthu;fs;. Mkhk;> mbgpb rz;il ,Ue;jhYk; nghwhik $lhJ.
mjdhy;jhd; nghwhik jtpu; vd;W $wpdhu;fs;. cyfj;jpYs;s
MikfSs; nghwhikjhd; kpff;nfhba Mik. ,e;jg;
nghwhikapdhNyjhd; ez;gu;fSf;fpilNa Nghl;b>
ehLfSf;fpilNa Nghl;b cw;gj;jpahfpd;wd. Njtu;fisg; ghu;j;J
R+ugj;kd; nghwhik nfhz;lhd;> mope;jhd;. ghz;ltiug; ghu;j;J
JupNahjdd; nghwhik nfhz;lhd;> G+z;NlhL mope;jhd;.
A+yparPriug; ghu;j;J GW}l;l]; nghwhik nfhz;lhd;. cNuhk
rhk;uhr;rpaNk mope;jJ. ,Nj Nghyjhd; jkpofj;jpYk; %Nte;jUk;
mope;jdu;. vdNt nghwhik vd;gJ mopit Vw;gLj;jf;$ba xU
mk;rkhFk;. MfNt kdpj tpOkpaj;ijg; ghjpf;fpd;w nghwhikiaj;
jtpu;j;jy; flikahfpwJ. nghwhik Fb nfhz;l cs;sj;jpNy
ey;y rPupa gz;Gfs; mope;J Nghfpd;wd.

mLj;jjhf ey;y tpOkpaq;fis tpijf;ff;$ba ,d;nrhy;> gzpT
Nghd;wtw;iw ghJfhj;J Njitahd ,lq;fspy; tpijf;f Ntz;Lk;.
,dpa csthf ,d;dhj $wy; fdpapUf;f fha; ftu;jw;gw;W vd
mofhf nre;ehg;Gytu; vLj;Jf; $wpAs;shu;. ,d;nrhy; Ntjidahy;
Jtz;LNghd khe;jupd; ,jaj;Jf;F ey;y xj;jlkhfpd;wJ. gzpTk;>
82
,d;nrhy;Yk;jhd; xUtUf;F rpwe;j Mguzq;fshf mikfpd;wd.
gzpT vd;Dk; NgNuhOf;fk; xUtuJ tho;tpw;F Vzpahf cjtp
nra;fpwJ. gzpahJ ,Wkhg;NghL tPl;bDs; EioNthupd; jiyia
thrw; fjtpd; epiyNkw;gb ,bj;Jf; fhag;gLj;Jtijg; Nghy
gzpit ehlhjtu;fs; Jd;gkilthu;fs;. cUtj;jpy; rpwpa
mfj;jpau; cUtj;jpy; ngupa tpe;jpakiyia efu;j;jpaJ mtuplk;
fhzg;gl;l gzptpd; typikapdhNy MFk;.

njhlu;e;J ehl;lhz;ik iftply;> eLepiyik Ngzy;> gpwiuj;
J}w;whjpUj;jy;> Jd;gj;jpYk; rpupj;jy;> gz;Gilik Nghd;w ey;y
tpOkpaq;fisAk; ehk; tho;f;ifapy; filg;gpbg;gNjhL kw;wtiuAk;
gpd;gw;wj; J}z;l Ntz;Lk;. vLj;jjw;nfy;yhk; ehl;lhz;ik fhl;bf;
nfhz;L gpwUila nray;fspy; tPzhf %f;if Eiog;gJ mioah
tPl;Lf;Fs; EioAk; tpUe;jhspNghy nfhs;sg;gLk;. ekf;Fj;
njhlu;gpy;yhj tplaq;fspy; Ntz;Lnkd;Nw jiyapLtJ
Ntjidiaj; juf;$ba tpNtfkw;w nrayFk;. mjpfhuk;>
mlf;FKiw> glhNlhgk; fhl;bdhy;j;jhd; ehl;lhz;ik me;j];ijg;
ngwyhk; vd;w jg;ghd rpe;jid cilatu;fshy;jhd; kdpj
tpOkpaq;fs; kOq;fbf;fg;gLfpd;wd. vdNt ehl;lhz;ik ey;y
nray;fSf;F gad;glNtz;LNk jtpu kdpjj; jd;ikia
FopNjhz;bg; Gijf;ff;$lhJ. Mf> ehl;lhz;ikiaj; jtpu;j;jy;
kdpj tpOkpaq;fis Nkk;gLj;jj; Jiz GupAk;.

eLepiy Ngzy; ey;y> ePjp epahakhd fhupaq;fs; epfo;tjw;F
JizGupAk;. gf;fk; rhuhj; jd;ik kdpj tpOkpaq;fis ghJfhf;f
cjTfpd;wJ. gzj;Jf;fhf> GfOf;fhf rhu;e;NjhUf;Fr; rhuhky;
ePjpia epiyehl;Lk; Nehf;fj;NjhL eLepiy jtwhJ
elw;Jnfhs;Nthu; tho;tjhy;jhd; ehL jiof;fpwJ. kdpjid
tpiynfhLj;J thq;Ffpd;w jd;ik ePjpia mePjpf;F ,l;Lr;
nry;Yfpd;w xU ghgr; nrayhFk;. eLepiy vd;W $Wk;NghJ mePjp
elf;fpd;w Ntisapy; mijj; jl;bf;Nfshky;> mij Ntbf;if
ghu;j;Jf; nfhz;bUf;fpd;w Ngbj;jd;ikiaf; Fwpg;gpltpy;iy
vd;gijAk; tpsq;fpf;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

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83
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84