Centrifugal pumps

Introduction
First centrifugal pump was invented in 1475 by the Italian
engineer.

Centrifugal pump is a kind of rotary machinery used for
pumping water through the centrifugal movement.

Centrifugal pump is used to convert the mechanical energy into
hydraulic energy by centrifugal force on the liquid.

It is the most common type of pumping machinery used to
move liquids through a piping system.


Main part of Centrifugal pump





Impeller (Rotary element)

Casing ( Volute) suction pipe with a foot valve

Delivery pipe main part of centrifugal pump
Working principle


Simplest piece of equipment.

Energy changes occur by virtue of impeller and volute liquid
is fed into the pump at the center of a rotating impeller and
thrown outward by centrifugal force.

The conversion of kinetic energy into pressure energy supplies
the pressure difference between the suction side and delivery
side of the pump.





Advantages of Centrifugal Pump


Simple in construction

No valves involved in pump operation

Maintenance costs are lower



Disadvantages of Centrifugal Pump


Cannot handle highly viscous fluids efficiently

Cannot be operated at high heads

Maximum efficiency holds over a narrow range of conditions.




Multistage Centrifugal Pump
A centrifugal pump that consists of two or more impellers
mounted on the same shaft or on different shafts is called the
MULTISTAGE centrifugal pump.

Multistage pumps are employed to accomplish the following
two important functions.

1. To produce a high head: If a high head is to be developed the
impeller are connected in series or same shaft

2. To develop a high discharge: If a high discharge is to be
developed the impeller are connected in parallel.




Selection of Centrifugal Pump
Selection of pump depends upon

The amount of fluid,

The properties of the fluid,

Type of power supply,

Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump.




Selection of Centrifugal Pump
Selection of pump depends upon

The amount of fluid,

The properties of the fluid,

Type of power supply,

Cost and mechanical efficiency of the pump.