N S

Electromagnetic induction
Electric current can be generated in a coil by pushing
a magnet into a coil.
When it is pulled out of the coil a current (in the
opposite direction) is then set up.
N S
Reverse the polarity,
change magnets & the
speed & number of coils
and see how the induced
current is affected.
Note: There is only an induced current while there is
movement of the magnet relative to the coil & vice versa.
Electromagnetic induction
1
Cutting through field lines
When a magnet is moved in a coil, the wires of the coil cut
through the field lines, thus producing an induced current.
When a conductor cuts through field lines, a potential difference is
induced across the ends of the conductor.
This is called electromagnetic induction.
The size of the induced potential difference is determined by:
The strength of the field lines i.e. the strength of
the magnet
How many lines are cut the speed of the magnet
How quickly they are cut the speed of the magnet
The number of turns of wire in the coil.
Electromagnetic induction
2
Faradays law of
Electromagnetic Induction
A potential difference is induced in a conductor when
magnetic field lines are cut by the conductor. The size
of the potential difference is directly proportional to the
rate at which the lines are cut.
The rate is increased by:
Using a stronger magnet
Having more turns in the coil
Moving the magnet faster
Factors affecting electromagnetic induction
3
Direction of induced current
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S N
As N pole moves into
coil N pole formed at
near end of coil to
oppose the incoming N
pole and thus set up an
induced current in the
coil.
As S pole is moved out
of coil S pole formed
at near end of coil &
thus a reversal of
direction of current in
coil.
Inducing current
4
Finding direction of induced current
Clasp the solenoid with the thumb pointing to the
induced North pole of the solenoid.

The direction in which the fingers curl about
solenoid, provides the direction of the induced
current in the solenoid.
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Direction of induced current flow
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Important magnetism terms.
Magnetic flux ( pronounced fie) means the total
magnetic field that passes through a loop of wire. It
is a measure of the field lines passing through the
loop and is measured in weber (Wb)

Magnetic flux density (B) is a measure of the
strength and direction of the magnetic field i.e. it is
the magnetic flux per square metre of area that it
passes through and is measured in tesla (T).
Magnetic field and flux
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Important magnetism terms.
Normal
B
Z
Loop of
wire
= BA cos Z
= magnetic flux in webers
B = magnetic flux density in tesla
A = area of loop in m
2
Z = angle between field & normal to loop
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Faradays law of
Electromagnetic Induction
Definition:
An emf is induced in a conductor when the magnetic
field surrounding it changes. The size of the induced
emf () is directly proportional to the rate of change
of the magnetic flux linkage.
is emf
- indicates current is induced
N is number of turns or loops
change in magnetic flux
t change in time.
Calculating emf
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