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June 16, 2011

Piruz Nezami
1
Overview
Introduction Definitions and Functions
Design Parameters
Sizing Bases and Equations
API 521 Sample Calculation
Spreadsheet
2
Introduction
API 521 - ISO 23251 Definition:
Vessel in the effluent handling system designed to remove and store
liquids.
Function of Flare Knockout Drum:
To separate liquid from gas and hold maximum amount of liquid
relieved in an emergency. KO drum is typically located close to the flare
stack upstream of any liquid seal.
Unit knockout drums:
For process units which possibly release large amount of liquid, it is
desirable to have local KO drums inside the battery limit. This reduces
the sizing requirements for the main flare knockout drum.
Knockout drum can be horizontal or vertical.
3
Design Parameters
1. Liquid droplet size limited to 300 to 600 m to avoid burning liquid
outside the flame envelope.
2. Maximum liquid hold up must be considered for vapor-liquid
disengagement calculations.
3. In addition to liquid holdup, liquids that previously accumulated in the
drum and not pumped out (slop) should be taken into account.
4. API 521 recommends a minimum of 20 to 30 minutes holdup time.
Longer Holdup might be required if it takes longer to stop flow.
5. Maximum vapor release may not coincide with the maximum liquid
release.
4
Design Parameters
6. Typically the relief rates (not rated capacities) used for flare header,
flare tip, and knockout drum design.
7. It is normally not necessary to size local knockout drums for efficient
vapor-liquid separation at maximum flow rate.
8. The economics of the drum design can influence the choice between
horizontal and vertical drums.
Horizontal drums are more suitable for large liquid capacity and
high vapor flow. They have lower pressure drop than vertical
drums.
Vertical drums are typically used when the liquid load is low or
limited plot space is available.
5
Design Parameters
9. Nozzle Configurations:
a) Horizontal Drums:
Vapor entering at one end and exiting at the top of the
opposite end.
Vapor entering at each end and exiting at the center.
Vapor entering at the center and exiting at each end of the
drum.
b) Vertical Drums:
Vapor entering radially and exiting at the top of the drum.
A baffle is required to direct the flow downward.
Vapor entering tangentially and exiting at the top of the drum.
6
Knockout Drum Sizing
Sizing a knockout drum is a trial-and-error process.
1
st
step is to determine drum size for liquid separation.
Liquid particles separate:
When vapor velocity is sufficiently low to allow the liquid dropout to
fall.
When the vapor residence time is equal or greater than the time
required for the liquid particles to travel the available height at
dropout velocity (liquid dropout time).
The vertical height is usually taken as the distance from the top of the
drum to the maximum liquid level.
7
Vapor Travel - Liquid Dropout
T
V
: Vapor Residence Time T
D
: Liquid Dropout Time
L
N
: KO Drum Nozzle to Nozzle Length H
V
: Vapor Space Height
V
V
: Vapor Velocity V
D
: Liquid Dropout Velocity
High Liquid Level
H
V
Nozzle to Nozzle Distance, L
N
H
L
V
N
V
V
L
T =
D
V
D
V
H
T =
8
Horizontal Knockout Drum Sizing
Liquid Dropout Velocity:
V
D
: Liquid Dropout Velocity
g : Gravitational Constant (9.8 m/s
2
, 32.2 ft/s
2
)
D : Particle Diameter

L
: Liquid Density at Operating Conditions

V
: Vapor Density at Operating Conditions
C : Drag Coefficient
C
D g
V
V
V L
D

) (
15 . 1

=
9
Horizontal Knockout Drum Sizing
Drag Coefficient:
Re : Reynolds Number
: Vapor Viscosity at Operating Conditions
Cte : Constant (0.13 x 10
8
in Metric and 0.95 x 10
8
in Imperial Units)
2
3
2
) (
) ( ) ( ) ( ) (
(Re) ) (


V L V
D Cte
C

=
10
API 521 ISO 23251 Sample Calculation
Total Flow Rate: 200,000 lb/hr
Liquid Density 31 lb/ft
3
Vapor Density 0.18 lb/ft
3
Pressure: 2 psig
Temperature: 300 F
Vapor Viscosity: 0.01 cP
The liquid equilibrium results in 31,000 lb/hr of liquid and 169,000 lb/hr of
vapor.
In addition, 500 gallons of storage for miscellaneous drainings from the unit
is desired.
The maximum allowable droplet size is 300 m.
11
API 521 ISO 23251 Sample Calculation
Actual Vapor Rate
R
V
=
169,000 / (3,600 x 0.18) = 261
ft
3
/sec
Drag Coefficient x Re
2
C x Re
2
= [ 0.95 x 108 x 0.18 x (0.000984)
3
x (31 - 0.18) ] / (0.01)
2
= 5,021
Dropout Velocity
U
C
=
1.15 * [ 32.2 X 0.000984 x (31 - 0.18) / (0.18 x 1.3) ]
0.5
= 2.35 ft/sec
Slop Cross Sectional Area
A
S
=
66.8 (ft
3
) / L (ft)
Holdup Cross Sectional Area
A
H
=
(31,000 / 31) x (30/60) (ft
3
) / L (ft)
Drum Cross Sectional Area
A
T
=
x D
2
/ 4
Vapor Cross Sectional Area
A
V
= A
T
- A
S
- A
H
12
API 521 ISO 23251 Sample Calculation
A
H
A
S
A
V
H
H
H
S
H
H
H
T
(D)

2
] ) ( [
8
1
D Sin A
S
=
2
] ) ( [
8
1
D Sin A A
S H
= +
13
API 521 ISO 23251 Sample Calculation
Diameter Length Cross Sectional Area Vertical Height Dropout Vapor Minimum
D L
A
T
A
S
A
H
A
V
H
T
(D) H
S
+ H
H
H
V
Time, T
D
Vel, V
V
Length, L
ft ft
ft
2
ft
2
ft
2
ft
2
in in in sec ft/sec ft
1 8.0 19.0 50.27 3.52 26.32 20.43 96.0 55.0 41.0 1.45 12.76 18.5
2 7.5 20.5 44.18 3.26 24.39 16.53 90.0 54.0 36.0 1.28 15.78 20.2
3 7.0 22.5 38.48 2.97 22.22 13.29 84.0 52.3 31.7 1.13 19.62 22.1
4 6.5 25.0 33.18 2.67 20.00 10.51 78.0 50.0 28.0 0.98 24.82 24.3
Case No
14
API 521 Sample calculation
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM PROG NO: JE-103
Client:
JACOBS
Prepared By: Date:
Project:
API 521 SAMPLE CALCULATION - 1
Checked By: Job No:
XXXXX-100 R
Subject:
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM
Tag No:
V-XXXX E
Calc No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
File No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
Sheet: 1 of 1 V
1
DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
2
Drum Temperature, t F 300.0 Temperature
3
Drum Pressure, P psi-g 2.0 Pressure
4
Estimated L/D Ratio, R
E
-- 2.44 Mass Flow Rate
5
Mass Flow Rate, M
V
lb/hr 169,000 Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
6
Molecular Weight, MW
V
lb/lbmole Vapor Volumetric Flow Rate
7
Compressibility Factor, Z
V
-- Density
8
Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 Dimension
9
Viscosity,
V
cP 0.010 Area
10
Mass Flow Rate, M
L
lb/hr 31,000 Liquid Volume
11
Density,
L
lb/ft 31.0 Velocity
12
Maximum Droplet Size, d
M
micron 300 Viscosity
13
Slop Capacity, V
S
ft 66.8 Nozzle Diameter
14
Holdup Time, (Slop Level to NLL), T
H
minute 30 TRUE FALSE
15 Additional Holdup Volume to HLL, V
XL
ft 0.0 SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
05/22/2011
V
A
P
O
R
L
I
Q
U
I
D
Single Entry Dual Entry
F
psi
lb/hr
ft/hr
lb/ft
ft
ft
ft
ft/sec
cP
in
ft/hr
15
API 521 Sample Calculation
16
Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 KO Drum Pump(s) Capacity ft/hr 100.00
17
Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,889 Does Second Pump Start at HLL? -- No
18
Liquid Holdup Capacity ft 500.0 Droplet Size for Selected Dimensions, d
S
micron 303
19
Calculated Drum Diameter, D
C
ft 7.85 Selected Drum Diameter, D
S
ft 8.00
20
Calculated Minimum Drum Length (T/T), L
C
ft 19.11 Selected Drum Length (T/T), L
S
ft 18.50
21
Slop Height from Bottom, H
SC
ft 0.98 Slop Height from Bottom, H
SS
ft 1.00
22
Liquid Holdup Height from Bottom (NLL), H
NC
ft 4.63 Liquid Holdup Ht (Normal Level), H
NS
ft 4.69
23
High Liquid Level Height from Bottom, H
LC
ft 4.63 High Liquid Level Height, H
LS
ft 4.69
24
Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DC
ft/sec 2.35 Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DS
ft/sec 2.38
25
Liquid Dropout Time, T
DC
sec 1.37 Liquid Dropout Time, T
DS
sec 1.39
26
Vapor Space Height, H
VC
ft 3.22 Vapor Space Height, H
VS
ft 3.31
27
Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VC
ft 18.7 Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VS
ft 19.6
28
Vapor Velocity, V
VC
ft/sec 13.95 Vapor Velocity, V
VS
ft/sec 13.29
29
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,025
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,180
30
Drag Coefficient, C
C
-- 1.298 Drag Coefficient, C
S
-- 1.284
31
Convergence Absolute Tolerance ft 0.00E+00 Iteration Weight -- 2.00
16
API 521Sample Calculation
32
Nozzle Centerline to Tangent Nzzl. Centerline to Tan.
33
ft 18.50 ft ft
34
Inlet Nozzle Dia, in: Outlet Nzzle Dia, in:
35
12.00 12.00
36
37
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
38
HHLL (ESD) 4.49 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
39
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -29.5 -1.8 -17.7 -2.0
40
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
41
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
42
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
43
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
44
18.50 ft
45
46
NOTES
47
1. Do NOT link entry cells (cells highlighted blue) to other cells. These cells SHOULD contain a numeric value.
48
2. Residence time for each section based on the capacity of one pump.
49
3. This is the residence time for each section based on the balance of the incoming liquid flow and the outgoing pump-out rate by one pump.
50
Negative numbers (if applicable) mean the pump-out rate is greater than the incoming flow rate.
51
52
53
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
17
Knockout Drum Spreadsheet - 1
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM
Client:
JACOBS
Project:
API 521 SAMPLE CALCULATION - 1
Subject:
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM
Calc No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
File No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
1
DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE
2
Drum Temperature, t F 300.0
3
Drum Pressure, P psi-g 2.0
4
Estimated L/D Ratio, R
E
-- 2.44
5
Mass Flow Rate, M
V
lb/hr 169,000
6
Molecular Weight, MW
V
lb/lbmole
7
Compressibility Factor, Z
V
--
8
Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180
9
Viscosity,
V
cP 0.010
10
Mass Flow Rate, M
L
lb/hr 31,000
11
Density,
L
lb/ft 31.0
12
Maximum Droplet Size, d
M
micron 300
13
Slop Capacity, V
S
ft 66.8
14
Holdup Time, (Slop Level to NLL), T
H
minute 30
15
Additional Holdup Volume to HLL, V
XL
ft 0.0
V
A
P
O
R
L
I
Q
U
I
D
18
Knockout Drum Spreadsheet - 2
16
Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180
17
Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,889
18
Liquid Holdup Capacity ft 500.0
19
Calculated Drum Diameter, D
C
ft 7.85
20
Calculated Minimum Drum Length (T/T), L
C
ft 19.11
21
Slop Height from Bottom, H
SC
ft 0.98
22
Liquid Holdup Height from Bottom (NLL), H
NC
ft 4.63
23
High Liquid Level Height from Bottom, H
LC
ft 4.63
24
Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DC
ft/sec 2.35
25
Liquid Dropout Time, T
DC
sec 1.37
26
Vapor Space Height, H
VC
ft 3.22
27
Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VC
ft 18.7
28
Vapor Velocity, V
VC
ft/sec 13.95
29
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,025
30
Drag Coefficient, C
C
-- 1.298
31
Convergence Absolute Tolerance ft 0.00E+00
19
Knockout Drum Spreadsheet - 3
SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
KO Drum Pump(s) Capacity ft/hr 100.00
Does Second Pump Start at HLL? -- No
Droplet Size for Selected Dimensions, d
S
micron 303
Selected Drum Diameter, D
S
ft 8.00
Selected Drum Length (T/T), L
S
ft 18.50
Slop Height from Bottom, H
SS
ft 1.00
Liquid Holdup Ht (Normal Level), H
NS
ft 4.69
High Liquid Level Height, H
LS
ft 4.69
Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DS
ft/sec 2.38
Liquid Dropout Time, T
DS
sec 1.39
Vapor Space Height, H
VS
ft 3.31
Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VS
ft 19.6
Vapor Velocity, V
VS
ft/sec 13.29
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,180
Drag Coefficient, C
S
-- 1.284
Iteration Weight -- 2.00
20
Knockout Drum Spreadsheet - 4
32
Nozzle Centerline to Tangent Nzzl. Centerline to Tan.
33
ft 18.50 ft ft
34
Inlet Nozzle Dia, in: Outlet Nzzle Dia, in:
35
12.00 12.00
36
37
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
38
HHLL (ESD) 4.49 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
39
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -29.5 -1.8 -17.7 -2.0
40
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
41
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
42
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
43
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
44
18.50 ft
45
46
NOTES
47
1. Do NOT link entry cells (cells highlighted blue) to other cells. These cells SHOULD contain a numeric value.
48
2. Residence time for each section based on the capacity of one pump.
49
3. This is the residence time for each section based on the balance of the incoming liquid flow and the outgoing pump-out rate by one pump.
50
Negative numbers (if applicable) mean the pump-out rate is greater than the incoming flow rate.
51
52
53
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
21
Spreadsheet Features UOM
UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
Temperature
Pressure
Mass Flow Rate
Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
Vapor Volumetric Flow Rate
Density
Dimension
Area
Liquid Volume
Velocity
Viscosity
Nozzle Diameter
TRUE FALSE Single Entry Dual Entry
F
psi
lb/hr
ft/hr
lb/ft
ft
ft
ft
ft/sec
cP
in
ft/hr
22
Spreadsheet Features UOM
23
Spreadsheet Features UOM
24
Nozzle Centerline to Tangent Nzzl. Centerline to Tan.
ft 18.50 ft ft
Inlet Nozzle Dia, in: Outlet Nzzle Dia, in:
12.00 12.00
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
HHLL (ESD) 4.49 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -29.5 -1.8 -17.7 -2.0
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
18.50 ft
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
Features Number of Entry Nozzles
Nozzle Diameter
TRUE FALSE
SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
Single Entry Dual Entry
in
25
Nozzle Centerline to Tangent Nzzl. Centerline to Tan.
ft 18.50 ft 0.00 ft
Inlet Nozzles Dia, in:
12.00
Outlet Nzzle Dia, in: 12.00
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
HHLL (ESD) 4.49 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -29.5 -1.8 -17.7 -2.0
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
18.50 ft
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
Features Number of Entry Nozzles
Nozzle Diameter
FALSE TRUE
SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
Single Entry Dual Entry
in
26
16
Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180
17
Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,889
18
Liquid Holdup Capacity ft 500.0
19
Calculated Drum Diameter, D
C
ft 7.85
20
Calculated Minimum Drum Length (T/T), L
C
ft 19.11
21
Slop Height from Bottom, H
SC
ft 0.98
22
Liquid Holdup Height from Bottom (NLL), H
NC
ft 4.63
23
High Liquid Level Height from Bottom, H
LC
ft 4.63
24
Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DC
ft/sec 2.35
25
Liquid Dropout Time, T
DC
sec 1.37
26
Vapor Space Height, H
VC
ft 3.22
27
Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VC
ft 18.7
28
Vapor Velocity, V
VC
ft/sec 13.95
29
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,025
30
Drag Coefficient, C
C
-- 1.298
31
Convergence Absolute Tolerance ft 0.00E+00
Features Iterative Calculations
1
DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE
2
Drum Temperature, t F 300.0
3
Drum Pressure, P bar-g 0.138
4
Estimated L/D Ratio, R
E
-- 2.44
5
Mass Flow Rate, M
V
lb/hr 169,000
6
Molecular Weight, MW
V
lb/lbmole
7
Compressibility Factor, Z
V
--
8
Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180
9
Viscosity,
V
cP 0.010
10
Mass Flow Rate, M
L
lb/hr 31,000
11
Density,
L
lb/ft 31.0
12
Maximum Droplet Size, d
M
micron 300
13
Slop Capacity, V
S
ft 66.8
14
Holdup Time, (Slop Level to NLL), T
H
minute 30
15
Additional Holdup Volume to HLL, V
XL
ft 0.0
V
A
P
O
R
L
I
Q
U
I
D
Entered Data
Calculated Values
27
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM PROG NO: JE-103 Converg. Area
Client:
JACOBS
Prepared By: Date:
Check Tolerance
Project:
API 521 SAMPLE CALCULATION - 1
Checked By: Job No:
XXXXX-100 R
FALSE 8.96E-05
Subject:
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM
Tag No:
V-XXXX E
FALSE -6.86E-10
Calc No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
File No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
Sheet:
1 of 1 V
FALSE -9.89E-10
1
DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
FALSE 9.89E-10
2
Drum Temperature, t F 300.0 Temperature
FALSE
Converg.
3
Drum Pressure, P psi-g 2.0 Pressure
FALSE
Tolerance
4 Estimated L/D Ratio, R
E
-- 2.44 Mass Flow Rate
FALSE 5.56E-09
5 Mass Flow Rate, M
V
lb/hr 169,000 Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
FALSE 0.00E+00
6 Molecular Weight, MW
V
lb/lbmole 79.11 Vapor Volumetric Flow Rate
FALSE 4.11E-15
7 Compressibility Factor, Z
V
-- 0.900 Density
FALSE -3.55E-15
8 Density,
V
lb/ft Dimension
FALSE
9
Viscosity,
V
cP 0.010 Area
FALSE
10 Mass Flow Rate, M
L
lb/hr 31,000 Liquid Volume
FALSE
11 Density,
L
lb/ft 31.0 Velocity
FALSE
12 Maximum Droplet Size, d
M
micron 300 Viscosity
FALSE
13 Slop Capacity, V
S
ft 66.8 Nozzle Diameter
FALSE
14 Holdup Time, (Slop Level to NLL), T
H
minute 30 FALSE TRUE
FALSE
15 Additional Holdup Volume to HLL, V
XL
ft 26.7 SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
FALSE
16 Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 KO Drum Pump(s) Capacity gpm 12.47
FALSE
17 Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,839 Does Second Pump Start at HLL? -- No
FALSE
05/08/2011
V
A
P
O
R
L
I
Q
U
I
D
Single Entry Dual Entry
F
psi
lb/hr
gpm
lb/ft
ft
ft
ft
ft/sec
cP
in
ft/hr
Features Convergence
Keep Hitting F9 till all the Convergence Checks turns True
28
Features Convergence
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM PROG NO: JE-103 Converg. Area
Client:
JACOBS
Prepared By: Date:
Check Tolerance
Project:
API 521 SAMPLE CALCULATION - 1
Checked By: Job No:
XXXXX-100 R
TRUE 0.00E+00
Subject:
FLARE KNOCK OUT DRUM
Tag No:
V-XXXX E
TRUE 0.00E+00
Calc No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
File No:
XXX-XXXX-XXXXX-000
Sheet:
1 of 1 V
TRUE 0.00E+00
1
DESCRIPTION UNIT VALUE UNITS OF MEASUREMENT
TRUE 0.00E+00
2
Drum Temperature, t F 300.0 Temperature
TRUE
Converg.
3
Drum Pressure, P bar-g 0.138 Pressure
TRUE
Tolerance
4
Estimated L/D Ratio, R
E
-- 2.44 Mass Flow Rate
TRUE 0.00E+00
5 Mass Flow Rate, M
V
lb/hr 169,000 Liquid Volumetric Flow Rate
TRUE 0.00E+00
6 Molecular Weight, MW
V
lb/lbmole Vapor Volumetric Flow Rate
TRUE 0.00E+00
7 Compressibility Factor, Z
V
-- Density
TRUE 0.00E+00
8 Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 Dimension
TRUE
9
Viscosity,
V
cP 0.010 Area
TRUE
10 Mass Flow Rate, M
L
lb/hr 31,000 Liquid Volume
TRUE
11 Density,
L
lb/ft 31.0 Velocity
TRUE
12 Maximum Droplet Size, d
M
micron 300 Viscosity
TRUE
13 Slop Capacity, V
S
ft 66.8 Nozzle Diameter
TRUE
14 Holdup Time, (Slop Level to NLL), T
H
minute 30 FALSE TRUE
TRUE
15 Additional Holdup Volume to HLL, V
XL
ft 0.0 SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
TRUE
16 Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 KO Drum Pump(s) Capacity ft/hr 100.00
TRUE
17 Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,889 Does Second Pump Start at HLL? -- No
TRUE
05/22/2011
V
A
P
O
R
L
I
Q
U
I
D
Single Entry Dual Entry
F
bar
lb/hr
ft/hr
lb/ft
ft
ft
ft
ft/sec
cP
in
ft/hr
Keep Hitting F9 till all the Convergence Checks turns True
29
SELECTED DRUM DIMENSIONS UNIT VALUE
Features Selecting Drum Dimensions
16
Vapor Density,
V
lb/ft 0.180 KO Drum Pump(s) Capacity gpm 12.47
17
Volumetric Vapor Rate, Q
V
ft/hr 938,889 Does Second Pump Start at HLL? -- No
18
Liquid Holdup Capacity ft 500.0 Droplet Size for Selected Dimensions, d
S
micron 303
19
Calculated Drum Diameter, D
C
ft 7.93 Selected Drum Diameter, D
S
ft 8.00
20
Calculated Minimum Drum Length (T/T), L
C
ft 18.84 Selected Drum Length (T/T), L
S
ft 18.50
21
Slop Height from Bottom, H
SC
ft 0.99 Slop Height from Bottom, H
SS
ft 1.00
22
Liquid Holdup Height from Bottom (NLL), H
NC
ft 4.65 Liquid Holdup Ht (Normal Level), H
NS
ft 4.69
23
High Liquid Level Height from Bottom, H
LC
ft 4.65 High Liquid Level Height, H
LS
ft 4.69
24
Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DC
ft/sec 2.35 Liquid Dropout Velocity, V
DS
ft/sec 2.38
25
Liquid Dropout Time, T
DC
sec 1.40 Liquid Dropout Time, T
DS
sec 1.39
26
Vapor Space Height, H
VC
ft 3.29 Vapor Space Height, H
VS
ft 3.31
27
Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VC
ft 19.3 Vapor Space Cross Sectional Area, A
VS
ft 19.6
28
Vapor Velocity, V
VC
ft/sec 13.48 Vapor Velocity, V
VS
ft/sec 13.29
29
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,025
C ( Re )
2
-- 5,180
30
Drag Coefficient, C
C
-- 1.298 Drag Coefficient, C
S
-- 1.284
31
Convergence Absolute Tolerance ft 1.37E-10 Iteration Weight -- 3.00
Calculated Values
Selected Variables
30
ft 18.50 ft 0.00 ft
Inlet Nozzles Dia, in:
12.00
Outlet Nzzle Dia, in: 14.00
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
HHLL (ESD) 0.00 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -566.8 -34.0 -340.1 -37.8
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
18.50 ft
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
Features Liquid Levels
Liq. Level Variable Definition
LLL: Fixed Either the lower level tap or where pump(s) stop.
Slop Level: Free Calculated based on slop volume.
NLL: Free Calculated based on the holdup time (20-30 minutes)
HLL Free Calculated based on Additional Holdup Volume. Normally the
second pump (if applicable) starts at this level.
HHLL: Fixed Emergency Shut Down (if effective).
Vapor Space Free Calculated from HLL to the top of drum.
31
Features Section Vol., & Resid. Time
ft 18.50 ft 0.00 ft
Inlet Nozzles Dia, in:
12.00
Outlet Nzzle Dia, in: 14.00
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
HHLL (ESD) 0.00 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -566.8 -34.0 -340.1 -37.8
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
18.50 ft
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
Section Volumes: Volume between the two liquid levels.
Incoming Resid Time: Based on incoming liquid flow rate.
Outgoing Resid Time: Based on capacity of one pump.
Third Column (Note 3): Based on the balance of incoming liquid flow and
outgoing pump-out rate by one pump.
32
Features Effective Drum Length
Effective Length of the drum is between inlet and outlet nozzle centerlines.
The distance from the nozzle centerline to head seam must be greater than half
of the nozzle diameter.
Nozzle Centerline to Tangent Nzzl. Centerline to Tan.
0.51 ft 17.40 ft 0.59 ft
Inlet Nozzle Dia, in: Outlet Nzzle Dia, in:
12.00 14.00
Liq Levels From Bottom ( ft ) Section Vol Residence Time, minute
HHLL (ESD) 0.00 ( ft ) Incoming Outgoing (2) Note 3
HLL (2nd Pump Starts) 4.69 -566.8 -34.0 -340.1 -37.8
NLL (1st Pump Starts) 4.69 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Add Holdup
Slop Level 1.00 500.0 30.0 300.0 33.3
Liq Holdup
LLL (Both Pumps Stop) 0.00 66.8 4.0 40.1 4.5
Slop Cap
0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0
Dead Vol
18.50 ft
8.0 ft
Vapor
Space
33
Features Cell Comments
34
Questions and Discussions

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