%PI\ERHVI (YQEW

1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM

1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM VIZ^YXI #M GSQTPIXEXI HI %P. (YQEW XEXP
)1&0)1% 92)- 46-)8)2--.
1IQSMVIW HI +EVMFEPHM 8VEHY.MX WYV. -I QERYWGVMX SVMKMREP TEV %PI\ERHVI
(YQEW )HMXIYV# 'EPQERR 0IZ], 4EVMW RXVI QYPXMTPIPI QSHEPMX'M HI TEVXMGMTEVI
5E HIZIRMVIE MWXSVMG E YQERMX'MM I\MWX HSY EXMXYHMRM GY SVMIRXVM #M WXVYGXYVM
HMJIVMXI, HEG RY GLMEV STYWI. 9RE HIGPER#IE^ IZIRMQIRXYP MWXSVMG TVMR
EG'MYRM GSRGVIXI, R PIEPMXEXIE PYM JETXMG, QEXIVMEP, JVIQXXSEVI HI ZME',
GIEPEPX P' RWY4I'I#XI TVMR QMNPSEGIPI EVXIM, YVQVMRHMM-M WMRYS^MX'MPI #M
L'M#YVMPI, GVGRHY-M, GY EPXI GYZMRXI, S I\MWXIR' MQEKMREV, WMQFSPMG,
XVERWTYW TI TPERYP IWXIXMG.
2-EQ TYXIE SEVI GSRWMHIVE G VIZSPY'MSREVYP 'HIQSGVEX MXEPMER
+MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM #M WGVMMXSVYP JVERGI^ %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP RXVYGLMTIE^
EWIQIRIE SVMIRXVM# 'GM HEG TVMQYP, HEXSVMX RIWXZMPMXIM WEPI IRIVKMM, WI
E4 PE SVMKMRIE YRSV QSQIRXI YRMGI HMR ZME'E IMXSVZE TSTSEVI, GY PEVKM IGSYVM
WSGMEPI #M TSPMXMGI EWYTVE GSQYRMX'MPSV YQERI VIWTIGXMZI, R WGLMQF, EP HSMPIE
E WGSW PE MZIEP HMR LVMWSEZIPI GSPFYMXI EPI MWXSVMIM, WEY PMR JIGYRHE PYM TYXIVI
HI TPWQYMVI, S RXVIEK PYQI PS TIVWSRENI, VIEPI #M 3GXMZI, ^YKVZMXI GY
ZIVMHMGMXEXI, ZIVZ #M YQSV, VI'MRRH #M EWX^M TI GMXMXSV R QVINIPI TEKMRMPSV
WEPI GETXMZERXI.
)ZMHIRX, EXMXYHMRIE GIPSV HSM TVSXEKSRM#XM JE' HI JIRSQIRYP MWXSVMG
HMJIV TVSJYRH. 4IRXVY +EVMFEPHM, SQYP RY S GY EHIZVEX IP RWY#M HIGX
TVSMIGXEX R ZMMXSV. 4VI^IR'E PYM RY TSEXI PM GSR3VQEX HIGX R ZMVXYXIE
GETEGMX'MM WEPI HI RJTXYMVI. 4VMZMX EWXJIP, ZMMXSVYP RY RWIEQR S WMQTP
R^YMR' HMRGSPS HI MRHMZMH, E GVYM VIEPM^EVI EV HITMRHI HI YR XIQTIVEQIRX,
HI S RXQTPEVI WEY HI YR GETVMGMY. (MQTSXVMZ, I YR WGST TI GEVI JTXYVE
YQER P KWI#XI RYRXVYP IM WEY, EPXJIP WTYW, RXV-YR JIP HI XIRWMYRI
MRXIVMSEV, RXV-S E#XITXEVI GLMRYMXSEVI RIZSMX PE YR QSQIRX HEX W WI
QERMJIWXI, W EG'MSRI^I, W GETIXI ZME'. 2YQEM RJTXYMRHY-#M TSWMFMPMX'MPI
EWGYRWI 3IGEVI MRW #M XVMI#XI GY EHIZVEX, I\MWXIR'E, M EGSVH YR WIRW #M ME
TEVXI PE TVSGIWYP MWXSVMG EP ITSGMM WEPI.
0E VRHYP WY, (YQEW ME GYRS#XMR' HI MWXSVMGMXEXIE SQYPYM TVMR
HI^ZPYMVIE XVIGYXYPYM, WEY, HYT I\TVIWME PYM )HKEV 5YMRIX, TVMR GSR#XMMR'E
ZVIQYVMPSV GEVI M-EY TVIGIHEX MRHMZMHYEPMXEXIEWGVMMXSVYP E HIWGSTIVMX
GSRHM'MSREVIE MWXSVMG E 3MR'IM YQERI TVMR TIVWSRENIPI #M IZIRMQIRXIPI HI
EPXHEX, GPEWEXI #M MIVEVLM^EXI, EHMG TVMR I\MWXIR'E EPXSV JTXYVM, ENYRKRH
EWXJIP PE WIRXMQIRXYP ZEPSVMM #M EP WIRWYPYM TVSTVMIM WEPI XVMVM. -RXIVIWYP TIRXVY
XVIGYX ZHI#XI, GE EXEVI, S MWXSVMGMXEXI GEVI WI QTPMRI#XI TI GM SGSPMXI,
EHTRHY-WI PE WYVWIPI YRIM VIEPMX'M QMWXYMXI HI ZVIQYVM.
": XSXY#M, R TS3HE HIWXMRIPSV HMZIVKIRXI, I\MWX, JV RHSMEP, TVSJYRHI
WMQMPMXYHMRM, E3RMX'M #M TYRGXI HI GSRXEGX R ZME'E GY M^ EXX HI JEFYPSW E
EGIWXSV HSM SEQIRM.
1EM RXM, VSFYWXI'IE PSV RRWGYX, QIRMX W RJVYRXI REXYVE R
VSWXYVMPI IM IPIQIRXEVI, W WI EZRXI TR PE MWXSZMVI, HIT#MRH SFWXEGSPIPI,
E3VQRHY-#M JV RGIXEVI FVF'ME, R R'IPIWYP HI EKSREP, E#E GYQ WI
JSPSWIE I\TVIWME R ZIGLIE )PEH, EHMG HI PYTX #M IQYPE'MI. %V 3 GY
RITYXMR' HI MQEKMREX RIRYQVEXIPI EG'MYRM #M JETXI HI FVEZYV EPI PYM
+EVMFEPHM, RIHIWQMR'MXYP PYM IJSVX HI-E PYRKYP YRIM ZMI'M GYTVMRWI RXV-S ETVMK
RGPI#XEVI GE EHZIVWMX'MPI REXYVMM #M EPI SEQIRMPSV, JV VIWYVWIPI YMQMXSEVI
EPI ZMKYVSWYPYM WY SVKERMWQ.
2MGM JIVXMPMXEXIE PMXIVEXYPYM (YQEW, GEVI E TYFPMGEX ETVSETI XVIM WYXI HI
PYGVVM GY ^IGM HI QMM HI TIVWSRENI TSTYPRH WYXI HI QMM HI TEKMRM, R-EV TYXIE
3 GSRGITYX JV GETEGMXEXIE PYM 3^MG I\GIT'MSREP, RIZSMX W JEG JE' RY
RYQEM EGXMZMX'MM WGVMMXSVMGI#XM, HEV #M TEWMYRMM GMRIKIXMGI, QYPXMTPIPSV SFPMKE'MM
GE HMVIGXSV HI XIEXVY #M HI TIVMSHMGI, PYRKMPSV GPXSVMM R WXVMRXEXI WEY YRSV
QMWMYRM GY GEVEGXIV S3GMEP #M RY QEM TY'MR ZMI'MM WSGMEPI X3. 1SRHIRI, GY
RIRYQVEXI FEVNILIXI #M PMFE'MYRM R GEVI WTMVMXYP WY WIRXIMIXSV WI IXEPE GY
TVSHMKEPMXEXI.
3 EPX XVWXYV HI YRMVI S VITVI^MRX 3VIE PSV HMWTSRMFMP, EZIRXYVSEW,
RGPMREX W VM#XI, HEV W WI #M HVYMEWG JV RGIXEVI, MQTVIKREX HI
WIRXMQIRXYP QVI'MIM, HI#M RY WGYXMX HI KYWXYP JEWXYPYM WEY HI S ERYQMX
IQJE^, RIRKVHMX HI RMGM YR JIP HI STVIPM#XM VEWMEPI WEY RE'MSREPI, WXVMZMRH
RY EVEVISVM GY IPIKER', GSRZIR'MSREPMWQYP #M MTSGVMXE VMKSEVI MQTYW HI
WSGMIXEXIE XMQTYPYM.
2Y TSEXI 3 XVIGYX GY ZIHIVIE RMGM MHIRXMXEXIE HI WMXYE'MM GVIEX R
GSTMPVMI TVMR EWMQMPEVIE YRIM RZ'XYVM TVMTMXI #M VYHMQIRXEVI, VITYPWME PSV
RGT'REX JE' WMI WXYHMYP QEXIVMMPSV GY GEVEGXIV GPEWMGM^ERX WEY EFWXVEGX,
HI YRHI WIVMSEWI PEGYRI I\MWXIRXI R FEKENYP PSV HI GYRS#XMR'I GE EHSPIWGIR'M,
GSQTPIXEXI R FYR TEVXI R ERMM HI QEM XV^MY, TVMRXV-S RIXKHYMX VZR HI
EYXSHMHEG'M.
(EV QEM TVIWYW HI XSEXI, XIQTIVEQIRXIPI PSV WI RVYHIEY TVMR RIWIGEXI
VI^IVZI HI ZME' GI WI GIVIEY GLIPXYMXI GY SVMGI TVI', 3I GLMEV R KIWXYVM
WTIGXEGYPSEWI WEY KVEXYMXI. %#E WI I\TPMG HI GI GYVFE I\MWXIR'IM PSV TEVGYVKI
GYVMSEWI QIERHVI, IY WYM#YVM ZIVXMKMRSEWI #M GHIVM FVY#XI, IPIQIRXI HI
KVERHSEVI HEV #M HI EQVGMYRI #M MRKVEXMXYHMRI, HIWTVMRWI RW HI
QIWGLMRVMI, VIWIRXMQIRX WEY XVY3I, JGRH HMR IM GIPI QEM SVMKMREPI #M
TSTYPYVS 3KYVM HI PE QMNPSGYP ZIEGYPYM TVIGIHIRX, YR JIP HI TIVWSRENI HI
PIKIRH, RHVKMXI #M EHQMVEXI HI QYP'MQM.
4I WGYVX, MRKIRYMXEXIE YRYM WY4IX HI GSTMP RXV-YR XVYT HI KMKERX, MEX
R'IPIWYP QIXEJSVMG EP GSQYRMX'MM SV XIQ TIVEQIRXEPI. 'GM EGIIE#M YRH HI
STXMQMWQ, HI QVMRMQMI #M RGVIHIVI R FYRXEXIE 3VIEWG #M REXMZ E SQYPYM M
RZPYME TI EQRHSM, GE S VWJVRKIVI EJIGXMZ #M EREGVSRMG E YQERMWQYPYM
MHMPMG EP PYM 6SYWWIEY.
2Y TSX 3 RW ERYPEXI WEY IWGEQSXEXI RMGM HISWIFMVMPI HI WXVYGXYV
TWMLMG, RGPMRE'MMPI TIVWSREPI, IPIQIRXIPI JSVXYMXI WEY QTVINYVVMPI
LSXVXSEVI, EHMG RXVIK GSRXI\XYP GEVEGXIVSPSKMG #M WSGMEP GEVI HIXIVQMR
XVEMIGXSVME 3IGVYM MRW. 4VIGM^RH EWIQIRIE EWTIGXI #M HIXEPMM RWIEQR, HI
JETX, E GSRXYVE RWY#M HIWXMRYP EGIWXSV MRHMZMHYEPMX'M TVSMIGXEX TI JYRHEPYP
GSRHM'MMPSV WTIGM3GI EPI XMQTYPYM VIWTIGXMZ, GIIE GI RI ZE RKHYM W WNSEXIQ
#M QEM FMRI PE MZIEP TIVMSEHE VIPEXMZ VIWXVRW, HEV WIQRM3GEXMZ, E
GSPEFSVVMM PSV.
8VWXYVE HSQMRERX, ZSGE'ME ZMI'MM PYM +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM, E#E GYQ
VIMIWI HMR XSEXI QERMJIWXVMPI WEPI, E JSWX HSVMR'E PYM RITSXSPMX HI EGXMZMXEXI,
RHIQRYP RIRGIXEX PE EG'MYRI. RXVIEKE WE I\MWXIR' E GSRWXMXYMX YR HYIP
HVEQEXMG EP SQYPYM GY JSV'IPI SFWGYVERXMWQYPYM, S PYTX RISFSWMX TIRXVY
TVSKVIW. R &VE^MPME GE #M R 9VYKYE], R 7MGMMME GE #M R -.SVIRE, IP E JSWX KEXE W-
#M HIE ZME'E WTVI E EWMKYVE XVMYQJYP PMFIVX'MM TSTSEVIPSV, GSQFXRH WMPRMGME #M
HIWTSXMWQYP WYF SVMGI JSVQ W-EV 3 MZMX. 8MQT HI ETVSETI TEXVY HIGIRMM
EVHSEVIE PYM R-E #SZMX S' GPMT.
(MR JVEKIH ZVWX W-E WMQ'MX EXVEW HI ZME'E EGXMZ, TPMR HI QM#GEVI #M
HI RITVIZ^YX #M RY HI XVEMYP WIHIRXEV, XMLRMX, HEV WIEVFH, TI GEVI M-P
LV^IEY EM WM. %ZIE R WRKI TEWMYRIE QVMM. +IRIVE'MM RXVIKM HI WXVFYRM EM
WM XVMWIV TI QEVI. M TPGIE W RJVYRXI TYXIVIE ZRXYPYM W WI GE'IVI TI
WGVMPI HI JVRKLMI WEY TI JYRMMPI GSVFMMPSV, W ENYXI PE RRSHEVIE WEY
HI^PIKEVIE TEVQIPSV. (EV QEM EPIW W HIWTMGI, GY FVE'IPI PYM ZRNSEWI HI
EHSPIWGIRX TVIGSGI, YRHIPI QFMIXSEVI EPI QVMM, M M M M HMQEVMREV GVIME M W-E
HIHMGEX GY S EJIG'MYRI ZVIHRMG HI WXMQ, P-E GPMX #M M-E HEX S QEVI WXTRMVI P,
M XMRS #M EYXSVMXEXI EWYTVE GIPSV HMR NYV, PWRHY-#M Q-RM RXE TI 3IGEVI ITMWSH
HMR I\MWXIR'E WE. 'GM QEVIPI.
9M HEWGP E VQEW #M TI QEM HITEVXI XSX ZME'E HI QEVMREV, GSRXEGXYP
HI 3IGEVI ^M GY SEQIRM GEVI R GYVWYP - MG I!:11 RER -S -Q #M HI^ZPYMEY
GLMTYVMPI GIPI QEM JIPYVMPI. 0YZEPE. ' WE TVI'YMYWG TVMIXIRME #M W-#M HIE
WIEQ, XSPSHEXE, GE YMQMM RY TYXIE W RXVIEG WIRXMQIRXYP WSPRM MVMP'MM GEMG M
111Y,. 8 TI SEQIRM R JE'E TVMQINHMIM GSR1111MG. ,MM'MYHY M QEM ETVSTME'M, QEM
TY'MR ETVMKM #M I'KS-- M 2I RGVIHMR'EWI, R RIRYQVEXI VRHYVM, G PYGVYP
EVIWXE QMRYREX #M HI^ZPYMI TVI^IR'E MY IPPMT 3VIWG TI QEVI, EHMG EGSPS YRHI
TI GIPI GXIZE WIRHYVM EPI YRIM GSM M MMM GY TR^I S WSEVX EWIQRXSEVI
TRHI. "XI TI SEQIRM R PYTX GY TYXIVIE HI^PR'YMX E REXYVMM.
1EVGE P HITVMRWIWI W RJVYRXI QSEVXIE, HEV P R Z' MWS E GYRSEWG #M
TVI'YP ZMI'MM. (I EGIIE, YR QSQIRX LSXVMPSV R XMRIVI'IE PYM E JSWX RXPRMVIE
HI PE 1EVWMPME 'HMR 188;: GY I\MPEXYP #M TEXVMSXYP KIRSZI^ +MYWITTI 1E^^MRM.
3QYP GEVI #M-E GSRWEGVEX RXVIEKE JSV' #M GETEGMXEXI TVIKXMVMM MHISPSKMGI E
YRMX'MM -XEPMIM WYF JSVQE YRYM WXEX VITYFPMGER.
3VMGX RWIQRXEXI TVI^MRX RW EGIEWX RXVIZIHIVI, E GVIM
WIQRM3GE'MI WI EHRGI#XI TI QWYVE QEXYVM^VMM PYM +EVMFEPHM, EV 3 WMQTPMWX W
MRXIVTVIXQ IZIRMQIRXIPI HI QEM XV^MY E#E GYQ EY JGYX YRMM MWXSVMGM #M
GIVGIXXSVM GE HIGYVKRH I\GPYWMZ HMR GSRXEGXYP WXEFMPMM EXYRGM GY 1E^^MRM.
)\MWX YR JIP HI JEXEPMXEXI PYRXVMG, WTYRI YRHIZE +SIXLI, GEVI RI
GSRHYGI QIVWYP, R WIRWYP G TVMQYP TEW S HEX IJIGXYEX P HIXIVQMR TI EP
HSMPIE, TEVI PE VRHYP PYM MRGMXE TI EP XVIMPIE, MEV EGIWXE TI YVQXSVYP #M E#E
QEM HITEVXI. 'IIE GI MRXIVIWIE^ RW, RY WYRX TE#MM TVSTVMY^M#M, GM WYVWE,
QSFMPYP PSV MRXIVMSV. "M, R WMXYE'ME PYM +EVMFEPHM, JEGXSVYP GEVI E TYW RQM#GEVI
RXVIKYP ERKVI REN EJ EG'MYRMPSV WEMI YPXIVMSEVI, RY XVIFYMI GYXEX RYQEM R
IZIRMQIRXIPI I\XIVMSEVI EHI^MYRIE PE EWSGME'ME GSRWTMVEXMZ 8MRVE -XEPMI,
GSQTVSQMXIVIE R XIRXEXMZE HI MRWYVIG'MI HMR TSVXYP +IRSZE, GSRHEQREVIE PE
QSEVXI, I\MPYP R %QIVMGE HI 7YH IXG., GM #M R JVQRXVMPI WEPI PYRXVMGI, R
3VIE PYM ^FYGMYQEX #M RIQYP'YQMX HI ZMXVIKIPI GSRHM'MM R GEVI WI ^FXIE
TVSTVMYP WY TSTSV.
*V S EQTP JYRHEQIRXEVI WSGMEP-MWXSVMG, ZME'E 'PYM +EVMFEPHM ETEVI
EVFMXVEV, PMTWMX HI VMKSEVI, VIHYGRHY-WI PE S R#MVYMVI HI JETXI JV
WIQRM3GE'MI TVSJYRH, RIVETSVXEXI #M RIMRXIKVEXI PE YR TVMRGMTMY GSSVHSREXSV,
+EGM HIWJ#YVEVIE RXVIKMM WEPI I\MWXIR'I RY TSEXI 3 WITEVEX HI EGIP GSQTPI\
SKPMRHMX HI HMEPIGXMGE MWXSVMIM GEVI YVQVIE IQERGMTEVIE 'MRYXYVMPSV MXEPMIRI
JE' HI XYXIPE WXVMR #M GVIEVIE YRYM WXEX YRMXEV, TIVMSEH GYRSWGYX WYF
RYQIPI HI 6MWSVKMQIRX, EHMG HI XVI^MVI, HI VIKIRIVEVI QSVEP #M
WTMVMXYEP E TSTSVYPYM MXEPMER.
R EGGIT'ME PYM KIRIVMG #M YRMZIVWEP, XIVQIRYP 6MWSVKMRMIRX
HIWIQRIE^, GE EXEVI, S WIVMI RXVIEK HI XVERWJSVQVM IGSRSQMGI, WSGMEPI #M
TSPMXMGI, 'RERMJIWXVM PMXIVEVI, GYPXYVEPI #M EVXMWXMGI, IZIRMQIRXI HMTPSQEXMGI #M
QMPMXEVI, GYTVMRWI RXVI WJV#MXYP WIGSPYPYM <:----PIE #M TVMQIPI #ETXI HIGIRMM EPI
WIGSPYPYM EP <P<-PIE. 9VQEVIE E GSRWXMXYMX-S XVIGIVIE -XEPMIM HI PE WIGYPEVE IM
JVEG'MSREVI TSPMXMG PE YRM3GEVIE TVSZMRGMMPSV, HI PE WXTRMVIE #M LIKIQSRME
WXVMR PE MRHITIRHIR'E RE'MSREP, HI PE EFWSPYXMWQYP QSREVLMG PE WXEXYP
PMFIVEP #M GSRWXMXY'MSREP.
6MWSVKMQIRXYP RY E JSWX, RW, YR JIRSQIR MWXSVMG M^SPEX PE TIRMRWYPE
MXEPMG. )P WI RWGVMI R QM#GEVIE, QEM PEVK E WIGSPYPYM EP <P<-PIE, HI GSRWXMXYMVI
E WXEXIPSV RE'MSREPI HMR GIRXVYP #M WYH-IWXYP )YVSTIM. *SVQEVIE WXEXIPSV
RE'MSREPI W-E HSZIHMX E 3 YR ZIVMXEFMP EGX HI GVMWXEPM^EVI GEVI W-E HIWJ#YVEX
JIPYVMX, R JYRG'MI HI GSRHM'MMPI MWXSVMGI GSRGVIXI PE HMJIVMXI TSTSEVI.
3 WYGGMRX MRGYVWMYRI R XVIGYX RI EVEX G FYVKLI^ME IRKPI^, JVERGI/E.
7TERMSP #M-E GSRWXMXYMX WXEXI RE'MSREPI R WIGSPIPI <:'-<:--, WTVMNMRMRH
QSREVLME EFWSPYXMWX QTSXVMZE QEVMPSV JIYHEPM, E#E MRGMX YRM3GEVIE RE'MSREP
IVE, R PMRMM QEVM, XIVQMREX EXYRGM GRH VIPE'MMPI GETMXEPMWXI ER HIZIRMX
HSQMRERXI. R GIRXVYP #M R WYH-IWXYP PPYVSTGM VIPE'MMPI GETMXEPMWXI HI/ZSPXMRHY-WI
QEM PIRX. 4VSGIWYP HI RGLIKEVI E WXEXIPSV RE'MSREPI E RXV^MEX TR MMM WIGSPYP
EP <P<-PIE, GRH E RXQTMREX S TYXIVRMG VI^MWXIR' HMR TYVMGE WXEXIPSV
QSREVLS-JIYHEPI QYPXMRE'MSREPI #M E JIYHEPMPSV EYXSLXSRM. 4IRXVY E RJVRKI
EGIEWX STS^M'MI FYVKLI^ME E JSWX RIZSMX, HEXSVMX WPFMGMYRMM IM, WE -EG ETIP
PE QEWIPI TSTYPEVI GEVI W-EY VMHMGEX RXV-S P. -VKR PYTXE VIZSPY'MSREV.
-Y GE^YP -XEPMIM, ZMGXSVME FYVKLI^MIM E P'SWX EWMKYVEX TVMR TSPMXMGE WXEXYPYM
TMIQSRXI^, GEVI W-E JSPSWMX HI PYTXE QEWIPSV QEM EPIW R TVMQE IXET E
YRM3GVMM. &YVKLI^ME W-E XIQYX RW GE V^FSMYP HI IPMFIVEVI W RY GETIXI YR
GEVEGXIV TVIHSQMRERX TSTYPEV #M E JGYX WIVMSEWI IJSVXYVM HI E RPXYVE QEWIPI
PEVKM HI PE HIWZV#MVIE YRM3GVMM, HI#M XSGQEM TEVXMGMTEVIE EGIEWXE E EWMKYVEX
ZMGXSVME R QSQIRXIPI LSXVXSEVI EPI PYTXIM HI VIHI#XITXEVI RE'MSREP.
R GEHVYP QM#GVMM VMWSVKMQIRXEPI, 3KYVE GIRXVEP, WMQFSPYP TEVXMGMTVMM
TSTYPEVI PE PYTXE TIRXVY MRHITIRHIR'E 'M YRMXEXIE -XEPMIM, E JSWX +MYWITTI
+EVMFEPHM. 'YRSE#XIVIE ZMI'MM WEPI RY RWIEQR RYQEM ETVSTMIVIE HI YR QEVI
TEXVMSX #M PYTXXSV QTSXVMZE STVMQVMM, GM XSXSHEX R'IPIKIVIE WEGVM3GMMPSV
TSTSVYPYM MXEPMER HMR RXVIEKE TIVMSEH E 6MWSVKMQIRXYPYM. *V E EZIE
RXSXHIEYRE TIVWTIGXMZE GPEV E WEVGMRMPSV HI^ZSPXVMM WSGMEPI, R GSRHM'MMPI
XMQTYPYM R GEVI E XVMX IP, +EVMFEPHM E EZYX XSXY#M R TIVQERIR' MRXYM'ME ZMI E
GIIE GI IWXI FYR #M HVITX, E GIIE GI WPYNI#XI MRXIVIWIPI TSTSVYPYM. 4VMR
EGIEWX STXMG XVIFYMI MRXIVTVIXEXI #M TEKMRMPI HI FVEZYV RWGVMWI HI +EVMFEPHM
R &VE^MPME #M R 9VYKYE], YRHI E XVMX ETVSETI HSMWTVI^IGI ERM, R GEVI XMQT
I\MWXIR'E WE E JSWX WXVRW QTPIXMX GY ZME'E SEQIRMPSV HMR EGIPI PSGYVM R PYTXE
PSV TIRXVY MRHITIRHIR' #M TVSKVIW WSGMEP.
)TMWSEHIPI #M TIVMTI'MMPI ^YKVZMXI EQRYR'MX R GEVXIE HI JE',
TIXVIGYXI R EP TEXVYPIE #M EP GMRGMPIE HIGIRMY EP WIGSPYPYM XVIGYX, EVEX G
%QIVMGE 0EXMR IVE TI EXYRGM YR GSRXMRIRX R TPMR HI^ZSPXEVI. R YVQE
VIZSPY'MMPSV HI IPMFIVEVI RE'MSREP GEVI EZYWIWIV PSG RXVI 1310-1822,
HIXIVQMREXI HI RE#XIVIE #M HI^ZSPXEVIE YRYM GETMXEPMWQ EYXSLXSR GI WI
QTSXVMZIE I\TPSEXVMM GSPSRMEPI E QIXVSTSPIPSV, R ZEWXE VIKMYRI GYTVMRW
RXVI 6MS +VERHI HIP 2SVXI #M 'ETYP ,SVR, PYEWIV 3MR' S WIVMI HI WXEXI
MRHITIRHIRXI, JSVQEXI TI VYMRIPI ZIGLMPSV GSPSRMM WTERMSPI #M TSVXYKLI^I.
4VSGPEQRHY-WI MRHITIRHIRXI, RSMPI WXEXI RY VI^SPZEWIV RMGM TI
HITEVXI KVEZIPI TVSFPIQI TSPMXMGI #M IGSRSQMGI GEVI JVQRXEY GSRXMRIRXYP
WYH-EQIVMGER. (EXSVMX MRXIVIWIPSV IKSMWXI #M LVTVI'I EPI TVSTVMIXEVMPSV HI
TQRX #M GETMXEPM#XMPSV GSQTVEHSVM, R 'VMPI PEXMRSEQIVMGERI W-E HI^PR'YMX YR
PYRK #MV HI V^FSEMI GMZMPI #M MRXIVWXEXEPI GEVI PI-EY RWRKIVEX #M ZPKYMX. R
JSGYP EGIWXSV PYTXI VYMRXSEVI, QEWIPI TSTYPEVI #M VIZIRHMGEY HVITXYP PE S
I\MWXIR' PMFIV #M GMZMPM^EX.
'Y XSEXI G &VE^MPME WI WQYPWIWI HI WYF HITIRHIR'E QIXVSTSPIM, RY WI
VIEPM^EWI RMGM S QFYRX'MVI R WMXYE'ME QEWIPSV QYRGMXSEVI, RHISWIFM E
TXYVMPSV GIPSV QEM RIZSME#I HIRYQMXI JEVVETSW, EHMG ^HVIR'VS#M. 4YXIVIE
TSPMXMG VQWIWI XSX R QMRMPI QEVMPSV TPERXEXSVM, TVSTVMIXEVM HI TQRX GEVI
XVMEY GE EHIZVE'M TSXIRXE'M TI YVME#IPI PSV TPERXE'MM. %JEV HI EGIEWXE, S
VEGMP KVEZ RVHGMREX R IGSRSQME FVE^MPMER IVE WGPEZME. 8MQT HI WIGSPI
WMWXIQYP IGSRSQMG EP EGIWXIM 'VM W-E FE^EX TI QYRGE WGPEZMPSV HMR TPERXE'MMPI
HI XVIWXMI HI ^ELV, FYQFEG #M GEJIE. (I#M GSQIV'YP GY WGPEZM JYWIWI PIKEP
HIW3MR'EX RG HMR 1828, IP E GSRXMRYEX W 3I TVEGXMGEX #M HYT EGIIE. %FME
HYT XIVQMREVIE V^FSMYPYM HI WIGIWMYRI HMR 7. 9. %., GPEWIPI GSRHYGXSEVI
HMR &VE^MPME W-EY Z^YX RIZSMXI W PMGLMHI^I WGPEZME, 3MRH, HI JETX, YPXMQE HMRXVI
'VMPS IQMWJIVIM SGGMHIRXEPI GEVI E EHSTXEX EGIEWX QKYV.
4IRXVY E GSRWSPMHE VIKMQYP VIEG'MSREV MRXVSHYW R 1822, S HEX GY
GYGIVMVIE MRHITIRHIR'IM, TPERXEXSVMM FVE^MPMIRM, TVSTVMIXEVM HI WGPEZM, ' EY
GYXEX W WEPZI^I GIZE HMR REYJVEKMYP WMWXIQYPYM GSPSRMEP, MRXVSHYGRH R 'EV
VIKMQYP QSREVLMG. (SR P'IHVS, VITVI^IRXERX EP GPEWIM HSQMREXSEVI HI E
4SVXYKEPMIM, E P'SWX TVSGPEQEX QTVEX. 7YF QSREVLME FVE^MPMER, QEVMM
PEXMJYRHMEVM JE^IRHIMVSW, R PMQFEN EYXSLXSR EY GSRXMRYEX W JSPSWIEWG
EGIPGE#M QIXSHI HI HSQMRE'MI HIWTSXMG, GI HMRYMWIV XMQT HI XVIM WYXI HI
ERM WYF VIKMQYP GSPSRMEP TSVXYKLI^. R GMYHE WZV#MVMM VIZSPY'MIM FYVKLI^I,
GETMXEPM#XMM R-EY VIY#MX W TYR QRE TI TYXIVI. 'E EXEVI, EPMER'E
TVSTVMIXEVYPYM HI TQRX, E TVISXYPYM. "M E S3'IVYPYM HMR EVQEX #M-E TYW
TIGIXIE R GSRXMRYEVI TI RXVIKYP JIP HI ZME' FVE^MPMER, I\TVMQEX TVMR
TYXIVRMGMPI VIPE'MM JIYHEPI HMR EGIE TIVMSEH.
(EV GY XSX GSRXVSPYP EYXSGVEX EP QEVMPSV TPERXEXSVM, YRMXEXIE RSYPYM WXEX
FVE^MPMER IVE HIWXYP HI #YFVIH. 3PMKEVLME PEXMJYRHMEV #M QMPMXEVM#XMM HI PE 6MS
HI .ERIMVS RY EZIEY RMGM JSV'E, RMGM EYXSVMXEXIE QSVEP HI E-#M MQTYRI ZSMR'E
R HMJIVMXIPI TVSZMRGMM EPI ZEWXYPYM MQTIVMY. 8IRHMR'IPI HI HI^MRXIKVEVI #.EY
QERMJIWXEX R QEM QYPXI. 6RHYVM HYT TVSGPEQEVIE MRHITIRHIR'IM. %WXJIP, R
'1824, WYF GSRHYGIVIE JVE'MPSV %RHVEHI, R TVSZMRGMMPI HMR RSVH, GY HISWIFMVI
PE 4IVREQFYGS, E PYEX RE#XIVI S QM#GEVI WITEVEXMWX GEVI E HYW.PE
TVSGPEQEVIE YRIM VITYFPMGM MRHITIRHIRXI HIRYQMX 'SRJIHIVE'ME
)GYEHSVYPYM. 'IVRH WTVMNMRYP 4SXIM IRKPI^I, KYZIVRYP MQTIVMEP HI PE 6MS HI
.ERIMVS E VIY#MX HYT YR ER W RFY#I QM#GEVIE. (EV S RSY VIZSPX M^FYGRMX
R 1825, WYF GSRHYGIVIE PYM 0EZEPPINE, R E#E-RYQXE 4VSZMRGME 'MWTPEXMRE
HMR TEVXIE HI WYH E 'VMM, GEVI: JYWIWI ERI\EX HI &VE^MPME GY G'MZE ERM
REMRXI, RY E QEM TYXYX 3 RJVRX. (YT XVIM ERM HI PYTXI, EGIWX 'MRYX, EZRH
WTVMNMRYP QMPMXEV EP %VKIRXMRIM, W-E TVSGPEQEX MRHITIRHIRX WYF RYQIPI HI
9VYKYE].
(I^ZSPXEVIE HI WMRI WXXXSEVI E RSYPYM WXEX IVE YR I\IQTPY MWTMXMXSV #M
TIRXVY TVSZMRGMMPI RZIGMREXI RIQYP'YQMXI HI EHQMRMWXVE'ME GIRXVEP MQTIVMEP
HI PE 6MS HI .ERIMVS, EPI GVIM EFY^YVM HIZIRMWIV MRXSPIVERXI. %#E WI I\TPMG
HI GI R WITXIQFVMI 1836 6MS +VERHI HI 7YP, ZEWX 'MRYX QYRXSW #M HI GSEWX
RZIGMREX GY 9VYKYE]YP, WI TVSGPEQ PE VRHYP PYM MRHITIRHIRX.
RXQTPVMPI QYPXMTPI #M ZEVMEXI GEVI W-EY WYGGIHEX R TIVMSEHE
TIXVIGYXR EGIPI PSGYVM HI +EVMFEPHM, GE #M QEM XV^MY HYT 1842 R 9VYKYE],
GSRWXMXYMI WYFWXER'E YRIM FYRI TV'M HMR 1IQSVMM. *ETXI ETEVIRX SFM#RYMXI WEY
HI WIEQ, QSQIRXI MHMPMGI WEY GPMTI HI VIWXVM#XI #M TIVMGSP, 'IW R EGI#XM ERM EM
XMRIVI'MM PYM EZIRXYVSEWI S EHIZVEX SHMWII, R GEVI WI TVIGM^IE^ REXYVE
TIVWSREPMX'MM WEPI HI GSQFEXERX RGIVGEX #M RISFSWMX, GSRWXMXYMRH S EHQMVEFMP
#GSEP TIRXVY EG'MYRMPI HI QEM XV^MY.
'RH VIZMRI-R -XEPME, R 1848, EXVEW HI QEVMPI GSRZYPWMM TSPMXMGI #M
WSGMEPI EPI GSRXMRIRXYPYM IYVSTIER, HEM' RHISWIFM HI QM#GVMPI WYVZIRMXI R
QMGMPI WXEXI MXEPMIRI, TVSQM'XSEVI HI EHRGM TVIJEGIVM, RY QEM IVE QEVMREVYP
RIGYRSWGYX HMR 1835, GEVI JYWIWI WMPMX W ME GEPIE I\MPYPYM WTVI E-#M WEPZE ZME'E.
*ETXIPI WZV#MXI R 'VMPI WYH-EQIVMGERI M GSRXYVEWIV S GMYHEX 3KYV
PIKIRHEV. 2Y I ZSVFE HI HIJSVQEVIE 3VIEWG TVSHYW R EWXJIP HI QTVINYVVM
HI PIRXMPIPI QVMXSEVI EPI HMWXER'IM EWYTVE MQEKMRE'MIM SEQIRMPSV WMQTPM, GM HI
QVXYVMMPI YRSV TIVWSERI EYXSVM^EXI GE 1E^^MRM, HI TMPH, GEVI M JGYWI
GYRSWGYXI JETXIPI PE 0SRHVE, R GIVGYVMPI IQMKVER'MPSV IYVSTIRM VIJYKME'M R
GETMXEPE %RKPMIM HMR XSEXI 'VMPI GSRXMRIRXYPYM RSWXVY.
%TVIGMIVIE PYM 1E^^MRM RY IVE RW EGIIM E YRYM KPEW WMRKYVEXMG. %PXI
QVXYVMM M-EY GVIEX PYM +EVMFEPHM YR TVIWXMKMY RHIENYRW HI QEVI WTVI E-M
EWMKYVE RY RYQEM RXSEVGIVI MY 4MIQSRX PMTWMX HI TIVMGSPI TIRXVY WIGYVMXEXIE
PYM TIVWSREP HI JSWX GSRHEQREX TSPMXMG, HEV #M S ERYQMX EYXSVMXEXI, R WIRWYP
G IVE YR SQ R^IWXVEX GY GEMM 9M'M HISWIFMXI, HI SEVI 'EVE WE TYXIE W WI
FYGYVI #M WE -S JSPSWIEWG R RSMPI QTVINYVVM MWGEXI HI GMSGRMVIE GY %YWXVME
LEFWFYVKMG.
%WXJIP, %PI\ERHVS ::EPI[WOM, 3YP REXYVEP EP PYM 2ETSPISR P HIZIRMX
QMRMWXVY HI I\XIVRI WYF EP HSMPIE MQTIVMY XVMQMW R 1840 R QMWMYRI HI
MRJSVQEVI R RMOMMME. 2 #M %VKIRXMRE HI GXVI *VERISMW +YM^SX, JEMQSWYP MWXSVMG,
TI EXYRGM QMRMWXVYP VIKIPYM 0YHSZMG-*MPMT E MR-' PSVQEP GEFMRIXYP HI PE 4EVMW G
+EVMFEPHM IVE YR KIRMY GETEFMP HI SVMGI EG'MYRI, R E#E JSP, MRGMX TYXIE ENYRKI
PE M PMMRHE GE #M GIP QEM FYR QEVI#EP (PMR ZVIQIE* MQTIVMYPYM*. -EV MWXSVMSKVEJYP
#M PMXIVEXYP EVKIRXMRMER &EVXSPSQI 1MXVI
)P RWY#M VIJYKMEX TSPMXMG PE 1SRXIZMHIS WYFPMRME IPI-* VE3E QSVEP #M
JEMQE VSQERIWG HI GEVI IVE RGSR-* NYVEX 3KYVE I\MPEXYPYM MXEPMER.
3 GSR3VQEVI GI RY TSEXI 3 XKHYMX EWYTVE ZEPSVMM WEPI E EZYX PSG
GLMEV RHEX HYT RETSMIVIE R )YVSTE, EXX R WGYVXE, HEV RHVNMXE VI^MWXIR'
QTSXVMZE XVYTIPSV EYWXVMIGI HIWJ#YVEX R GIXEXIE REXYVEP E QYR'MPSV HMR
NYVYP PEGYPYM 1EKKMSVI, GX QEM EPIW R GEHVYP ITSTIMM XVEKMGI GEVI E GSRWXMXYMX
FXPME TIRXVY 6SQE HMR ZEVE ERYPYM 1849 #M E HVEQEXMGIM VIXVEKIVM YVQEX
HYT EGIIE.
'EVI E JSWX WIQRM3GE'ME EHIZVEX E IZIRMQIRXIPSV TIXVIGYXI R
WXVZIGLMYP SVE# HI TI QEPYP 8MFVYPYM# 1IQSVMMPI RI XVERWQMX GY RIXKHYMX
JSV' WY4YP ITMG EP WRKIVSEWIM RGPI#XVM, HEV RY EREPM^IE^ JETXIPI R
WXVYGXYVE PSV MRXMQ, RY WI STVIWG EWYTVE QSXMZIPSV GEVI EY KIRIVEX EWXJIP HI
GMSGRMVM. (EG YRIPI GEY^I RY IVEY TI EXYRGM WY3GMIRX HI PMQTI^M RMGM
TVSXEKSRM#XMPSV HVEQIM, R TIVWTIGXMZE XMQTYPYM #M E MRXIVTVIXVMPSV
MWXSVMSKVE3IM EGXYEPI IPI ETV EWX^M GY HITPMR GPEVMXEXI.
R TS3HE ETEVIRXIM WXVPYGMVM E TEPEXIPSV IM, 6SQE VI4IGXE R ZME'E HI
XSEXI ^MPIPI WXEVIE HI RETSMIVI WSGMEP #M IGSRSQMG E 'MRYXYVMPSV TI GEVS PI
WXTRIE. 2Y IVE ZSVFE RYQEM HI VEGMPIPI GYRSWGYXI HI QYPX ZVIQI HVITX
MRIVIRXI 7XEXYPYM TETEP, GE, HI TMPH, EREPJEFIXMWQYP GI EXMRKIE R QIHMYP VYVEP
98s/S HMR RYQVYP PSGYMXSVMPSV, QERMJIWXVMPI SFWGYVERXMWXI JE' HI SVMGI
TVSKVIW EP #XMMR'IM #M XILRMGMM WEY MRXIVZIR'MMPI EFY^MZI R PIKXYV GY PMFIVXEXIE
TIVWSERIM YQERI. 'ETMXEPE GEXSPMGMWQYPYM RY TSWIHE RMGM GIE QEM TEPMH
MRHYWXVMI, GSQIV'YP IVE WPEF, MEV TI GQTMMPI HMR NYVYP SVE#YPYM, MRJIWXEXI HI
QEPEVMI, IE 1EVIQQE #M %KVYP 4SRXMR, YRHI XVME S TSTYPE'MI VEV
7YTYW HI VIEG'MYRIE JIYHEP, WXTRE TQRXYPYM, GIPSV QEM
RIQMPSEWI JSVQI HI HMNQ WI ETPMGE S EKVMGYPXYV TVMQMXMZ. 0E EWTIGXIPI
^YKVZMXI, WI EHYKE GIE QEM VIE EHQMRMWXVE'MI HI WXEX HMR XSEX )YVSTE, HEG
WI I\GITXE EGIIE E -QTIVMYPYM SXSQER. 8SEXI WPYNFIPI #M EXVMFY'MMPI TYFPMGI
TYXIEY 3 GYQTVEXI. *MRER'IPI :EXMGERYPYM RY WI WYW'MRIEY TVMR ZIRMXYVM
TVSTVMM, GX QEM EPIW TVMR HERMMPI JGYXI HI GVIHMRGMS#MM GEXSPMGM HMR XSEX PYQIE
#M TVMR QTVYQYXYVM HI PE FERGLIVMM ZIRI'MIRM, PSQFEV^M WEY XSWGERM.
*E' HI S EWIQIRIE WXEVI HI PYGVYVM RY ETEVI. 7YVTVMR^XSEVI RMGM
EWEWMREVIE R TPMR WXVEH E PYM 4IPPIKVMRS 6SWWM, #IJYP KYZIVRYPYM TSRXM3GEP #M
RMGM JYKE TETIM 4MYW EP -<-PIE, HIKLM^EX R WMQTPI WXVEMI TVIS'I#XM R RSETXIE HI
24 WTVI 25 RSMIQFVMI' 1848.
4VSGPEQEVIE 6ITYFPMGMM 6SQERI PE RGITYXYP ERYPYM YVQXSV HI GXVI
%HYREVIE 'SRWXMXYERX E VITVI^IRXER'IPSV TSTSVYPYM TVMRXVI GEVI #M
+MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM EPIW HI GSQYRE 1EGIVEXE GSRWXMXYME YR EGX HI NYWXM'MI
WSGMEP, TYRRH GETX YRYM XVIGYX SHMSW HMR ZME'E YRIM FYRI TV'M E TSTYPE'MIM
TIRMRWYPIM. 2SYP WXEX GVIEX EZIE TSWMFMPMXEXIE W HIZMR RYGPIYP R NYVYP GVYME
W WI JYVIEWG MRHITIRHIR'E #M YRMXEXIE MXEPMER, E#E GYQ S TVIGSRM^E
1E^^MRM. (EV JSV'IPI VIEG'MYRMM IYVSTIRI EY GYXEX W 3MIPYHI^I GX QEM
VITIHI GY TYXMR' VITYFPMGE EFME TVSGPEQEX. 'Y XSEXI WEGVM3GMMPI TSTYPE'MIM
VSQERI #M NIVXV JIPI ZSPYRXEVMPSV KEVMFEPHMIRM, ^MPIPI VI^MWXIR'IM WXEXYPYM RSY
GVIEX EY P'SWX RYQVEXI. R JE'E JSV'IPSV GSTPI#MXSEVI EPX* VIEG'MYRMM, ETVXSVMM
RY QEM TYXIEY STYRI HIGX ^MHYP ZMY EP TMITXYVMPSV PSV. 1IQSVMMPI WXVYMI
RHIPYRK EWYTVE EGIWXYM QSQIRX HI XVMYQJ EP HIQSGVE'MIM R )YVSTE HI
EXYRGM, WYFPMRMMRH GY JSV' #M TEXIXMWQ WEGVM3GMYP GSQFEXER'MPSV, EWIQIRIE
WGTVVMM YRYM JYPKIV RXV-YR TIMWEN RXYRIGEX HI RSETXI.
3VMGX TMXSVIWG WEY MRXIVIW EV TYXIE EHYKE ZMI'MM PYM +EVMFEPHM
TIVIKVMRVMPI WEPI TPERIXEVI HMR ERMM GIPYM HI-EP HSMPIE I\MP, WEY WYGGIWIPI
VETMHI #M WTIGXEGYPSEWI EPI ZRYXSVMPSV EPTMRM HMR XMQTYP GEQTERMIM
HIWJ#YVEXI R 1859, XVIGIVIE WE TI WGIRE MWXSVMIM, GE #M VIGYRS#XMR'E
TSWXIVMX'MM TVSZMRI, RHISWIFM, HMR WYVTVMR^XSEVIE EG'MYRI QMPMXEVS-TSPMXMG,
GYRSWGYX WYF RYQIPI HI I\TIHM'ME GIPSV S QMI HI GQ#M VS#MM, TSVRMX
TIRXVY IPMFIVEVIE 7YHYPYM, YRHI ^IGI QMPMSERI HI MXEPMIRM XVMEY WYF STVMQEVIE
EFWSPYXMWX E &SYVFSRMPSV. %GIWXI JETXI RY TYXIEY 3 GYTVMRWI R PYGVEVIE
QIQSVMEPMWXMG HI JE' GEVI E Z^YX PYQMRE XMTEVYPYM GLMEV R EGIPE#M ER GRH
W-E HIWJ#YVEX ITSGEPYP IZIRMQIRX. )PI RW JEG TEVXI MRXIKVERX HMR ZME'E PYM
+EVMFEPHM, RGYRYRRHY-M EGXMZMXEXIE #M GSRJIVMRH I\MWXIR'IM WEPI ZIVMXEFMPE IM
HMQIRWMYRI.
4VMR EG'MYRMPI HMR 7MGMPME #M +EPEFVME ETSVXYP 3YM +VMFEPHM PE GEY^E
IPMFIVVMM -XEPMIM QIVMHMSREPI E JSWX LI*XVXSV, GSRXVMFYMRH R QSH TVEGXMG PE
KVFMVIE TVSGIWYPYM YRM3GVMM MXEPMIRI. 7TVI HISWIFMVI HI 1E^^MRM, GEVI, GMP
XSEX WMRGIVMXEXIE #M R4GVEVIE R^YMR'IPSV WEPI VITYFPMGERI, EHSTXEWI
QIXSHI HI PYTX GSRWTMVEXMZI WEY HI 'EZSYV, EGIWX QEVI ZM^MV HMREWXMGGYQ
3-E RYQMX 1EV\, GEVI HSVIE W VIEPM^I^I YRM3GEVIE, HEV R JSPSWYP QSHIVE'MPSV
#M EP QSREVLMIM HI 7EZSME, +EVMFEPHM E JSWX I\TSRIRXYP HMVIGX EP QEWIPSV
TSTYPEVI, TI GEVI PI-E WPYNMX GY 3HIPMXEXI, MHIRXM3GRHY-WI GY RW#M GEY^E PSV.
7GVMMXSVYP %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP, GEVI E RWS'MX TEW GY TEW I\TIHM'ME
GIPSV,. 3 QMI, HIWGVMMRH IZIRMQIRXIPI R GEVXIE MRXMYPEX +EVMFEPHMIRMM,
TYFPMGEX PE YR ER HYT ETEVM'ME 1IQSVMMPSV, EHMG R 1861, RY ETVSJYRHIE^
WYFWXVEXYP EHMRI EP JIRSQIRIPSV TIXVIGYXI. RXVIEKE EG'MYRI IWXI RJ'M#EX GE
YR GRX HI %VMSWXS, YR JIP HI MRGYVWMYRI IVSMG, GVYME EYXSVYP M VIH VMXQYP
JIFVMP, GPMTIPI HI WYTVIQ RGSVHEVI WEY QEV#YP XVMYQJEP WTVI 2IESSPI
%XYRGM GRH JSGYP V^QIVM'IM WI ETVMRWIWI R RXVIEKE 'EPEFVMI
EWIQIRIE MIVFIM YWGEXI HI TI QMVM#XM. (EV HMRGSPS HI PEXYVE REVEXMZ, HI 3SVYP
TEXVMSXMG WEY HI^PR'YMVIE HI TEXMQM #M HI WIRXMQIRXI, I\MWX S VIEPMXEXI
WSGMEP GI RY TSEXI 3 MKRSVEX, GSRWXMXYMRH RW#M I\TPMGE'ME VWYRXSEVIM
EG'MYRM KEVMFEPHMIRI.
R 6IKEXYP GIPSV (SY 7MGMPMM, TQRXYP WI E4E R TVSTSV'MI HI TIWXI 90/
SR TVSTVMIXEXIE VIKIPYM, E FMWIVMGMM #M E QEVMPSV PEXMJYRHMEVM. &VRMQIE, GEVI
JSVQE QENSVMXEXIE ISZV#MXSEVI E TSTYPE'MIM, XVME R GIPI QEM GYQTPMXI PMTWYVM,
I\TPSEXEX WRKIVSW TVMRXV-YR PEVK WMWXIQ HI HMNQI, GPGM, RZSMIPM EKVMGSPI #M
QTVYQYXYVM GQXVI#XM. R 'MRYXYVMPI HMR WYH RY I\MWXEY RMGM QGEV TY'MRIPI
HVITXYVM #M RPIWRMVM HI GEVI FIRI3GMEY 'VERMM HMR EPXI VIKMYRM EPI TIRMRWYPIM,
GE. (I TMPH, HVITXYP PE T#YREX, EGIPE HI E-#M TVSGYVE PIQRI WEY HI E PYE R
EVIRH XIVIRYVMPI GSQYREPI SVM EPI HSQIRMMPSV GSVSERIM. 3WXMPMXEXIE 'VRMQMM
JE' HI VIKMQYP FYVFSRMG W-E EGGIRXYEX #M QEM QYPX EXYRGM GRH EGIWXE E
MRWXMXYMX MQTS^MXYP TI QGMREX, GEVI ETWE HMR KVIY EWYTVE XVEMYPYM SEQIRMPSV
SFMHM'M.
R EGIWX GPMQEX WSGMEP-TSPMXMG RY QEM ETEVI WYVTVMR^XSEVI EHI^MYRIE
PEVK, WTSRXER E QEWIPSV. &VRI#XM PE EG'MYRIE KEVMFEPHMIRMPSV, RMGM
TEWMZMXEXIE 'VERMPSV R YRMJSVQ RQP 'M GY JSV'E R EVQEX #M GEVI RYXVIEY
S WMQTEXMI EHRG TIRXVY 'IPYVMPI I\TIHM'MIM GIPSV S QMI.
-.YTXE ERXMFYVFSRMG ME EWXJIP GEVEGXIVYP YRIM EWGY'MXI PYTXI HI GPEW E
'VERMPSV V^ZVXM'M, MEV RXVIEKE GEQTERMM' HMR WYH QFVEG EWTIGXYP YRYM
V^FSM TSTYPEV'M:; MRM, #M%#E WI I\TPMG HI GI QMGMPI JSV'I KEVMFEPHMIRI 4MY
TYXYX [ RJVYRXI YR MREQMG HI ^IGI 7GMY HI HSY^IGM HI R M QEP RYQIVSW.
7YF PS/RG. /8VMEWG -XEPME QSEVXS. "SFSPERMPSV'* (#SFSPERMM IVEY TEVXM^ERMM
&SYVFSRMPSV) 'MMXRMQGE #M TSTYPE'ME RIZSME#E HMR QMGMPI GIRXVI HMR WYH EY
WTVMNMRMX M Y IRXY^MEWQ EG'MYRIE KEVMFEPHMIRMPSV, M^S11QP. - -YFMVMM XVYTIPI
RETSPMXERI, XMRHY-PI TSWMFMPMXEXIE XMS E #M * ETVSZM^MSRE #M ETPMGLMH EXX XEGXMGE
V^FSMYPYM HI (.',IVRME1' GMP #M EGIIE E MRWYVIG'MIM. 2Y I\MWX S EVQEX
RETSPGPER WGVME )RKIPW R EGIPI ^MPI R STIVIPI WEPI GY GEVEGXIV QMPMXEV:
)\MWX RYQEM S EVQEX VIKEP. )E E/SWX GVIEX #M SVKERM^EX GY WGSTYP TVIGMW
HI E 'MRI R/RY TSTSVYP. 0MTWMX HI WYTSVX QSVEP, HI PIKXYV IY QEWIPI, GE
WI M'VRKIE R FYG'M PE TVMQE RGIVGEVI WIVMSEW.
4IRXVY EXE#EQIRXYP WY WMRGIV #M TVSJYRH JE' HI GEY^E PMFIVX'MM
TSTSEVIPSV, +EVMFEPHM W-E FYGYVEX HI WMQTEXME QYPXSV WTMVMXI KIRIVSEWI HMR
RXVIEKE )YVST, RY RYQEM HMR VRHYVMPI IQMKVE'MIM, HEV GLMEV HMRXVI PMXIVE'M,
MWXSVMGM, EVXM#XM, SEQIRM HI #XMMR' IXG. :MGXSV ,YKS, :IVHM, -PIV^IR, 5YMRIX,
+EQFIXXE, %VEKS, 1MGLIPIX, (YQEW, 4MVSKSZ, 2IPEX SR #M QYP'M EP'MM, EY
I\TVMQEX RY S HEX TVI'YMVIE PSV PE'MM HI EG'MYRMPI #M JSV'E QSVEP E PYM
+EVMFEPHM.
1 ZSM JSPSWM HI TVMQYP TVMPIN TIRXVY I. % W VMHMG KPEWY0. M WGVME
TVSJIXMG :MGXSV ,YKS R 1863, HMR PSGYP WY HI I\MP R MRWYPE +YIVRIWE]. 'M
XVIFYMI QMPMSRYP I FVE'I, QMPMSRYP HI MRMQM, QMPMSRYP HI WTMVMXI. 'M XVIFYMI
QEVIE V^QIVM' E TSTSEVIPSV. )E ZE ZIRM! MEV TEXVY ERM QEM XV^MY, RXV-YR
WYTVIQ KIWX HI HVYMVI WGVMI YR PYRK TSIQ MRXMXYPEX 1IRXERE XVEHYW R
GXIZE WTXQXMM R #ETXIWTVI^IGI PMQFM TVMPINYMX HI EVIWXEVIE PYM +EVMFEPHM
R YVQE MRJVYGXYSEWIM XIRXEXMZI HI IPMFIVEVI E 6SQIM TI GEPIE EVQIPSV. 1EVIPI
TSIX GSQTEV RJVRKIVIE GSRHSXMIVYPYM MXEPMER GY EGIGE E YRYM KPEHMEXSV ERXMG
EP GVYM HYL WYTVEZMI'YMI#XI TYXIVMM XIPYVMGI: *Y EVYRGEX R PER'YVM EGIP GI E
JSWX HEVRMG/ 'EHEZVY-M PE TQRX., HEV KRHYP WY XVMYQJ.
'X TVMZI#XI TI WGVMMXSVYP %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP, EGIWXE IVE QEM QYPX
HIGX TVMIXIR, YR ZIVMXEFMP GSR3HIRX. %HQMVE'ME #M EJIG'MYRIE EYXSVYPYM GIPSV
8VIM QY#GLIXEVM TIRXVY +EVMFEPHM, #M EZIEY, JV RHSMEP, SFV#ME R
WIRXMQIRXIPI WEPI QEM ZIGLM, MXEPMIRM^ERXI. RG HMR 1835 (YQEW TYFPMGEWI PE
4EVMW YR 8EFPSY MWXSVMG #M HIWGVMTXMZ EP -XEPMIM, 4MIQSRXYPYM, 7EVHMRMIM, 1EPXIM,
7MGMPMIM #M 'SVWMGIM, SSRWIQRMRH EWXJIP MQTVIWMMPI YRIM GPXSVMM RXVITVMRWI
EXYRGM HI-E PYRKYP TIRMRWYPIM TVIGYQ #M R MRWYPIPI HMR 1IHMXIVER, QEM TVIGMW
R RXVIEKE EVMI KISKVE3G PSGYMX HI MXEPMIRM WEY MQTVIKREX HI WTIGM3GYP
MXEPMER.
''MZE ERM QEM XV^MY, R.1840, IE #M R YVQXSVMM HSM ERM, (YQEW
WXVFEXI HMR RSY TQRXYP MXEPMG R XSEXI HMVIG'MMPI, RWS'MX HI EWX HEX HI
WS'ME WE, EGXVM'E -HE *IVVMIV. 4YFPMG S WIVMI HI ZSPYQI HIWTVI -XEPME, TVMRXVI
GEVI QEM GYRSWGYXI WYRX: 9R ER PE *PSVIR'E, :MPE 4EPQMIVM, 'SVVMGSPS,
7TIVSREVI. %YXSVYP M^FYXI#XI W GSRXSTIEWG IPIQIRXI HI TMXSVIWG HIWGVMTXMZ
GY HIXEPMM MRJSVQEXMZI HI SVHMR MWXSVMG' #M EVXMWXMG, TVIWVEXI GY EQRYRXI
VSQER'MSEWI, JV W WI VMHMGI RW HIEWYTVE YRIM I\TYRIVM GYVWMZI #M
EKVIEFMPI, GEVI WEXMWJGIE XSXY#M GIVMR'IPI YRSV GIVGYVM PEVKM HI GMXMXSVM, HSVRMGM
W E4I EWTIGXI MRIHMXI HIWTVI PYQIE MXEPMER. 'GM EQFMIRXYP QMGMPSV WXEXI
MXEPMIRI MRXVEWI R KYWXYP TYFPMGYPYM PEVK HMR *M'ER'E #M MRHMVIGX, TVMR MRXIVQIHMYP
GV'MM JVERGI^I, R WJIVE MRXIPIGXYEPMPSV HMR RXVIEKE )YVST. 7XIRHLEP,
RHISWIFM, VIY#MWI W E''I GYVMS^MXEXIE #M W JEG EHQMVEXI #M HMRGSPS HI %PTM
QSVEZYVMPI MXEPMIRI. 1RWXMVIE HMR 4EVQE HEXIE^ HMR 1839.
/< PM MV GLMEV M REMRXI GE HVEQE PYM *EFVMGI HIP (IRKS W-#M GYTYX.MX YR
-S.' TVMZMPIKMEX R MQEKMRE'ME QEWIPSV HI M -XMXSVM. 'VSMRH YR MRXIVIW XSX QEM ZHMX
JE' HI SFMGIMYVMPI ZM WIRXMQIRXIPI MXEPMIRI, RXVI GEVI TEWMYRIE #M ZMSPIR'E,
2MMTX'M0P'PE #M JEREXMWQYP, MRXVMKE XIRIFVSEW #M EWEWMREXYP M. -Y QVITXYXS,. -
.YWXM3GEXI TVMR GYPSEVIE PSV I\SXMG #M QMRYRMM E, S -RMVIYYVX PMXIVEXYV REVEXMZ
WSPMGMXEX HI YR MRMFPM YZM. 0. -G 'YRXMEWXI. - WIR/E'PM TYXIVRMGI, WI HI^ZSPX RM
TQTSM'PM RIQYPQXMPRMXI R TIVMSEHE TVIGIHIRX.
/SRMYRGPI HI WYGGIW EPI PYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP TYFPMG. 11 R
HIGIRMMPI EP GMRGMPIE #M EP #EWIPIE EPI WIGSPYPYM XMMZMMX, -\'M:'PMSPE/E RY RYQEM HI
EVXM3GMYP JSMPIXSRYPYM. 1SVEV -RXVSHYW EXYRGM R TVIWE GSXMHMER, HEV #M HI XSEX
EGIEWX WXEVI HI WTMVMX, HI QIRXEPMXEXIE VIGITXMZ E TYFPMGYPYM GMXMXSV JE' HI
IPIQIRXYP WYVTVM^, HIXEPMYP MQTVIZM^MFMP, MRXVMKE GSQTPMGEX #M EFMP GSRHYW.
'MGPYP QY#'LSPYVMPSV RGITI R 1846 #M GSRXMRY #M R ERMM YVQXSVM, SKPMRHMRH
TIVMSEHE MWXSVMG E *VER'IM HI WYF 0YHSZMG EP <PPP-PSE #M E 6IKIPYM 7SEVI,
YVQEX ETSM HI EPXI STIVI EZMRMP GE JYRHEP ITSGE TVIVIZSPY'MSREV #M ERMM
6IZSPY'MIM FYVKLI^I HMR *VER'E.
3 HISWIFMX RWIQRXEXI TIRXVY TWMLSPSKME ZVIQMM VIWTIGXMZI TVI^MRX
VSQERYP 'SRXIPI HI 1SRXI 'VMWXS TYFPMGEX X VITXEX, R JSMPIXSR, TI S HYVEX HI
QEM QYP'M ERM GYRSWM MRH QEM QYPX HIGX YR WYGGIW, YR XVMYQJ, GE S M^FYGRMVI
HI JERJEV-P, HYT MRWTMVEXE I\TVIWMI E PYM ,YKS. 4IVMTI'ME #M EZIRXYVE,
E3VQEVIE MRHMZMHYEPMX'MM, WIXIE HI QFSK'MVI VETMH RXV-S WSGMIXEXI E4EX R
TPMR I\TERWMYRI E MQTIVMYPYM GSPSRMEP W-E VI4IGXEX HI QMRYRI R EGIEWX
GEVXI TSTYPEX IY 3KYVM GSRXVEWXERXI, ZMKYVSEWI #M RIRJVMGEXI, HMWTYWI W
VM#XI HEV W #M M^FRHIEWG GY SVMGI TVI'. (YQEW E MRXYMX EHQMVEFMP WTMVMXYP
ZVIQMM WEPI. 'Y MRZIRXMZMXEXIE, ZIVZE #M TYXIVIE WE HI PYGVY TVSZIVFMEPI, E
SF'MRYX VI'IXI TIGYRMEVI RIQEMGYRSWGYXI TR EXYRGM. R TS3HE HIXVEGXSVMPSV
#M E TVSGIWIPSV MRXIRXEXI, HI IHMXSVM WEY JS#XM GSPEFSVEXSVM, VITYXE'ME PYM RY E
TYXYX 3 HSFSVX WEY ^HVYRGMREX R SGLMM TYFPMGYPYM. 4Y'MRM SEQIRM EY
GYRSWGYX S RSXSVMIXEXI PMXIVEV EXX HI ZEWX RY RYQEM R TVSTVME PSV 'EV HEV
#M HMRGSPS HI JVYRXEVMMPI IM.
(MR RIJIVMGMVI, %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP RY E GYRSWGYX RMGMSHEX QWYVE,
TVYHIR'E, IGLMPMFVYP. 8SXYP E JSWX I\GIW R ZME'E PYM STIVE GE #M I\MWXIR'E WE
TEVXMGYPEV. *MVI HIWGLMW, NSZMEP #M KIRIVSEW, R WYJVEKIVME -RM TYXIEM W
RXPRI#XM RXVIK 4EVMWYP PMXIVEV #M EVXMWXMG WEY W WXEFMPI#XM KISKVE3E )YVSTIM
TVMR TIVWSREPMX'MPI TVI^IRXI. (EV VMWMTE IVE EXX HI IZMHIRX MRGMX R QSH
TEVEHS\EP WGVMMXSVYP HIZIRIE XSX QEM WVEG TI QWYV GI WI QFSK'IE. 4VMRXV-
YR GEFSXMREN R TIVJIGX GSRGSVHER' GY GEVEGXIVYP PYM I\XVEZEKERX, RGITYWI
W XVMEWG ZME'E JEWXYSEW E YRSVE HMRXVI IVSMM WM, RGX RYQEM EQIRENEVIE
GEWXIPYPYM HIRYQMX 1SRXI 'VMWXS M-E EFWSVFMX WYQI JEFYPSEWI, VYMRRHY-P TR
PE WJV#MX. 2Y E JSWX RW YRMGE JERXI^MI E SVMKMREPIM WEPI ZMI'M.
'RH, R TVMQE NYQXEXI E ERYPYM 1860. (YQEW TVSMIGXIE^ S GPXSVMI
R 3VMIRX TI GEVI YVQE W S IJIGXYI^I GY FVMGYP WY )QQE, WI E4E RXV-S
WXEVI HI WY4IX WY3GMIRX HI VIGITXMZ #M 4YGXYERX WTVI E MQTVMQE GIPI QEM
RIE#XITXEXI RXSVWXYVM I\MWXIR'IM WEPI. %#E RGX GLMEV HI PE TVMQE PYM IWGEP
PE +IRSZE PE 16 QEM, ENYRKRHY-M PE YVIGLM ZIWXIE HIWTVI VIGIRXE TPIGEVI E
I\TIHM'MIM KEVMFEPHMIRI R WYH, MRXYMI#XI G YR IZIRMQIRX RISFM#RYMX #M TSEXI
GSTPI#MXSV EZIE W WI TVSHYG. )GSYVMPI EG'MYRMPSV ERXIVMSEVI EPI PYM +EVMFEPHM
WXVYMEY HIWMKYV R QMRXIE PYM, (YQEW GY QYPX REMRXI HI E-P 3 GYRSWGYX
TIVWSREP. R SGLMM WM, TEXVMSXYP MXEPMER IVE YR EQIWXIG GMYHEX HMR 7YVGSYJ #M
&E]EVH, GEVI-#M QIVMXE TI HITPMR ITMXIXYP VSQERXMG HI IVSYP GIPSV HSY PYQM,
YR TIVWSREN REVI R KEPIVME XMTSPSKMG E STIVIM WEPI EV 3 XVIFYMX W ME PSG
EPXYVM HI H'%VXEKRER #M )HQSRH (ERXIW, TWXVRH RW #M S XVWXYV HMR
6SFMRWSR 'VYWSI, HEG EWSGMIQ #M GEHVYP WMRKYVEXMG EP MRWYPIM 'ETVIVE.
-XPIM'MM HI E-M TYFPMGE QIQSVMMPI, HI E EHYGI PE GYRS#XM R'E RYQIVS#MPSV
WM GMXMXSVM IPIQIRXIPI EZIRXYVSEWI TI EVI PI FRYME R ZME'E PYM +EVMFEPHM, P
TVISGYTE HI YQMP ZVIQI, RGX P-E HIXIVQMREX W WI HITPEWI^I PE WJVTNMPYP PYM
1859 PE 83VMRS, TY'MRH EWXJIP W- GSRGVIXM^I^I TVSPMZPYP. RXVIZIHIVMPI GY
+EVMFEPHM P-EY JGYX W WI ETVSTMI HI EGIWX SQ WSFVY #M GMQ, GEVI M-E
HI^ZPYMX RIPMRYMXG E3RMX'M IPIGXMZI, KIRIVRHY-M XSXSHEX YR WMRGIV
1'MMPMQIRX HI EJIG'MYRI #M TVI'YMVI.
%RYPRH GPXSVME R 3VMIRX GY EGIE ZIVWEXMPMXEXI GEVI RM QYMI. R
(YQEW, MRWXMRGXYP PYM HI JERXI^MI #M SVMKMREPMXEXI, EYXSVYP (SEQRIM HI
1SRWSVIEY W-E RHVITXEX GY FVMGYP WEY WTVI 4EPIVQS GY HSVMR'E ZHMX HI E MI#M
R 7RXMQTMREVIE QEVIPYM WY TVMIXIR. RXQTPEVIE M SJIVIE TVMPINYP RIWTIVEX W
TEVXMGMTI PE YR IZIRMQIRX MWXSVMG GE EM PSV #M RY RYQEM GE WMQTPY WTIGXEXSV.
%PXYVM HI GSRHYGXSVYP I\TIHM'MIM EV 3 EZYX TYXMR'E W XVMEWG RIQMN--SVMX
XIQIVEVE EG'MYRI E RSMPSV EVKSREY'M #M RY W-S TVMZIEWG HSEV GY SGLMM
MQEKMRE'MIM.
-'\PWX YR. 4EWEN WGVMW HI +MYWITTI &ERHM, YRYP HMR EKPMMSXER'MM PYM
+EVMFEPHM, GEVI VIPEXIE^ WGIRE RXVIZIHIVMM HI PE 4EPIVQS RXVI (YQEW #M
GSRHYGXSVYP I\TIHM'MIM GIPSV S QMI. R HVYQ WTVI GEW TSZIWXI#XI &ERHM
R GPMTE R GEVI RSM XSGQEM ZSMEQ W XVIGIQ TIWXI S FEVMGEH, RI MI#M R GEPI
YR FVFEX ZSMRMG #X GLMTI#, GEVI-P WEPYX HI HITEVXI TI KIRIVEP EHVIWRHY-M-WI
R PMQFE JVERGI^. 3QYP EGIPE ZSMRMG IVE QFVGEX R RXVIKMQI R EPF #M TI GET
TYVXE S TPVMI QEVI HI TEMI, GY XVIM TIRI: YRE EPFEWXV, YRE EPF #M EPXE VS#MI.

(VLMII#X I, XI VSK, GMRI I# Q RHIQR +EVMFEPHM.
('MRI TSEXI W 3I# EQ VWTYRW. 0SYMW &PERG, 0I: * HVY-6SPPMR#.
3LS! VWI KIRIVEPYP, IWXI %PI\ERHVI (YQEW.
'YQ# %YXSVYP 'SRXIPYM HI 1SRXI 'VMWXS #M EP GIPIZ 8VIM QY#GLIXEVM#
'LMEV IP.
0I KVERH %PI\ERHVI P QFV'M#E TI +EVMFEPHM, EVXRHY-M RIWJV#MXI
WIQRI HI EJIG'MYRI #M MRXV QTVIYR GY IP R 4EPEXYP TVIXSVMEP, ZSVFMRH #M
V^MRH XEVI, ZVRH TEVG W YQTPI XSX TEPEXYP GY KPEWYP #M GY ZIWIPME PYM.
2I-EY TSJXMX PE QEW 1EVIPI %PI\ERHVI E QRGEX GE YR TSIX #M W-E
EVXEX EXX HI HSVRMG HI GSRZIVWE'MI, G RMQIRM R-E QEM JSWX R WXEVI W
VSWXIEWG S ZSVF. ) HVITX RW G WI I\TVMQE E#E GYQ #XME W WGVMI, HI
VQWIWIQ GY KYVE GWGEX XSX EWGYPXRHY-P, GLMEV HEG RY R'IPIKIEQ S MSX,
HMR GEY^E MY'IPMM GSZV#MXGEVI GY GEVI ZSVFIE.
'Y JIPYP PYM WEZYVSW HI E TSZIWXM, 4.ERHM EHEYK S WIVMI RXVIEK HI
EQRYRXI ZMM, TPMRI HI YVRSV, HEV GSQMXI KVI#IPM HI ETVIGMIVI, RIEZRH
TSWMFMPMXEXIE W GYRSEWG EHIZVEXYP EWTIGX EP VIPE'MMPSV HMRXVI +EVMFEPHM #M
(YQEW. %WXJIP, EYXSVYP 0EPIPIM RIKVI, GY PEVKLI'E WE TVSZIVFMEP HE QEVI
WIRMSV #M REFEF, E TYW PE HMWTS^M'ME GSRHYGXSVYPYM I\TIHM'MIM WYQE HI 50.000
HI JVERGM EYV, HIWXYP HI RWIQREX PE XMQTYP VIWTIGXMZ, SJIVMRHY-#M XSXSHEX #M
WIVZMGMMPI. )VE RIRHSMSW R KIWXYP WY GIZE HI^MRXIVIWEX #M GEZEPIVIWG, R
TIVJIGX EVQSRMI RY RYQEM GY JEMQS#MM WM IVSM, HEV #M GY GEVEGXIVYP WY
KIRIVSW, HIWGLMW #M KEPERX, E#E GYQ WI HIWTVMRHI TEVG HMR PMXSKVE3E
I\IGYXEX R XMRIVI'IE WGVMMXSVYPYM HI TVMIXIRYP WY %GLMPPI (IZIVME.
3VMGEVI ER JSWX QSXMZIPI GI P-EY HIXIVQMREX TI (YQEW W RWS'IEWG.
)\TIHM'ME, ETSVXYP WY R HIGYVWYP RXVIKMM GEQTERMM E JSWX TVI'MSW,
RIPMQMXRHY-WI E#E GYQ W-EV TYXIE GVIHI PE VSPYP YRYM WMQTPY VITSVXIV HI
V^FSM. )P W-E FYGYVEX HI RGVIHIVIE TIVWSREP E PYM +EVMFEPHM VIY#MRH W EHYG
PE RHITPMRMVI HSY QMWMYRM HM3GMPI GI M-EY JSWX RGVIHMR'EXI. 1EM RXM,
TVSGYVEVIE HI EVQI EXX HI RIGIWEVI GSQFEXER'MPSV #M VIJY^EXI HI 'EZSYV TI
QSXMZ G KYZIVRYP MTMIQSRXI^ RY TYXIE 3 MQTPMGEX RXV-S EG'MYRI GEVI P-EV 3
TYXYX GSQTVSQMXI TI TPER HMTPSQEXMG. (EXSVMX VIPE'MMPSV WEPI, (YQEW E VIY#MX
W EGLM^M'MSRI^I EVQI ME 1EVWMPME, R QEM QYPX GLMEV, EM^FYXMX W PI XVERWTSVXI
R 2MGMMM; M GY TVSTVMYP WY FVMG -'QQE, GEVI, WYF TEZMPEQ LER MZ, E TYXYX W
WI WXVIGSEVI QEM Y#SV R#IPRH ZM! MPIR (E ZEWIPSV RETSPSXERI GI TEXVYPEY R
ETIPI HMR NYQP 11MWMM9'M #M R 1EVGE 8MVIXMMRR.
1 Y 11111'.11MM ET. -MI RW QMWMYRIE PYM (YQEW PE 2IETSMI, MYRMI.1 TYPYP
TEPM 111 M PI EGSTIVMM PI TEZMPMSRYP 'VMM WEPI.
,SPYP '-'Y GSQTSVXE YR ERYQMX VMWG E#E GYQ QYPE. 0MXLY P'EVM'M,
PESGMEPYP IRMMPI/EP PYM +EVMFEPHM QIY MLITJ 'IP Y '. 0YLMPSEWIXM PIKXYVE GY
0MFSVMS 6SQERS, MM11111 M IM11 MPI QMIMMMI EP PMGIEPYPYM GIPSV (SY 7MGMPMM.
8VIFYM.) QM MI SF'PYR PMI M TVIH, RI.1 GETMXEPIM VIKEXYPYM, TVMR-' VIZSPY'MI HI
TEPEX IWI EWXJIP RY RYQEM S -RYXMPE PYTMI JVEXVMGMH, HEV GLMEV #M RMQMGMVIE
SVE#YPYM HI PE TSEPIPI :I/YZMYPYM 3I GIP TY'MR S RIYXVEPM^EVI E IQMWEVM PSV
KYZIVRYPYM TMIQSRXI^, GEVI YVQVIEY, HMR QSP M ZI XEGXMGI, W-P EXVEK TI
FMFSVMS 6SQERS, JGRH E'*1 PIM W MRXMV^MG WEY GLMEV W I#YI^I YPXMQE IXET E
EG'MYRMM RERFEPHMIRG.
(YQEW, #M-E RHITPMRMX QMWMYRIE RGVIHMR'EX, GY HMWGVI'MM), #M XEGX, HEG
RI VIJIVMQ PE WGVMWSEVIE EHVIWEX PYM - PEVM FEP'MM. R QIWENYP GSR3HIR'MEP HMR 3
WITXIQFVMI 1860, PMMYMMW -Y 7ETVM, R 'EPEFVME, YRHI WI E4E EXYRGM GSRHYRHYVMMP
I\TIHM'MIM GIPSV S QMI, IP WGVME G QMRMWXVYP HI MRXIVRM* YETSPIXER WI SJIV, R
ERYQMXI GSRHM'MM TI GEVI PI YVEXE EQRYR'MX, W TVIHIE GETMXEPE VIKEXYPYM JV
ZVWEVI HI WRKI, VIGYRSWGRH QTVIYR GY EP'M HSM QIQFVM HMR KYZIVR
EYXSVMXEXIE IPMFIVEXSVYPYM 7YHYPYM: "XM'M RGLIMI (YQEW WGVMWSEVIE G RY Z
GIV RMQMG/MRMMVY QMRI, I\GITXRH JEZSEVIE HI E ZMRE R PSGEPMXEXIE H 1SRXM,
TVIGYQ #M TIVQMWMYRIE HI E GSRXMRYE WTXYVMPI HI PE 4SQTIM. 'XIZE ^MPI
QEM XV^MY, PE : WITXIQFVMI, +EVMFEPHM #M JGIE MRXVEVIE XVMYQJEP R 2IETSMI,
R IRXY^MEWQYP JVIRIXMG EP PSGYMXSVMPSV SVE#YPYM.
(YT WJV#MXYP GEQTERMIM HMR WYH, +EVMFEPHM E RGVIHMR'EX PYM (YQEW,
GSRJSVQ HSVMR'IM I\TVMQEXI HI EGIWXI, TSWXYP SRSVM3G HI HMVIGXSV EP EVXIPSV #M
QY^IIPSV, TVIGYQ #M HVITXYP HI E GSRXMRYE SVMGI GIVGIXVM EVLISPSKMGI EV 3
GVI^YX HI GYZMMR' W JEG. 4I HIEWYTVE, M WI TYRIE PE HMWTS^M'MI, WTVI E-P PSGYM,
JSWXYP TEPEX VIKEP HMR +LMEXEQSRXI. %GIWX YPXMQ TVMZMPIKMY WEXMWJGIE TI HITPMR
ZERMXEXIE TSTYPEVYPYM VSQERGMIV JVERGI^, HSVMR'E WE HI JEWX #M EWTIGXI
WSQTXYSEWI. 'SQTPGRHY-WI R GPMQE #M EQFMIRXYP RETSPIXER, (YQEW E
VQEW R SVE#YP HI PE TSE3IPI :IYZMYPYM XMQT HI TEXVY ERM, HI#M +EVMFEPHM WI
VIXVWIWI -E 'ETVIVE RG HMR RSMIQFVMI 1860, GE YVQEVI E HMWIRWMYRMPSV MZMXI
RXVI IP #M KYZIVRYP 'EZSYV R TVSFPIQE ERI\VMM 7YHYPYM.
7-EV TGXYM TVMRXV-YR I\GIW HI WIZIVMXEXI HEG EQ EGGITXE, E#E GYQ W-
E MRWMRYEX HI GXVI YRMM I\IKI'M #M FMSKVE3, G TIRXVY (YQEW ITMWSHYP HMR -XEPME
QIVMHMSREP E GSRWXMXYMX S WMQTP HMZIVWMYRI QEV'MEP, EHETXEX
XIQTIVEQIRXYPYM WY, S TEVERXI^ RIGIWEV #M WXMQYPEXSEVI TIRXVY JERXI^ME
SFSWMX E WGVMMXSVYPYM R GYXEVI HI XIQI MRIHMXI. (MQTSXVMZ, I HI TVIWYTYW G
XSGQEM R XIRWMYRIE QEVMPSV IZIRMQIRXI EPI GEQTERMIM, W-E ZIVM3GEX #M W-E
GMQIRXEX PIKXYVE HYVEFMP #M WTMVMXYEP RXVI IPMFIVEXSVYP 7YHYPYM #M WGVMMXSVYP
JVERGI^. 3 QVXYVMI HI RIXKHYMX E EGIWXIM EQMGM'MM, IE S IQFPIQ GSRGVIX
HMRYMRH R XMQT, E GSRWXMXYMX-S RW#M TYFPMGEVIE PE 4EVMW, R ERYP IPMFIVVMM
-XEPMIM QIVMHMSREPI, E 1IQSVMMPSV PYM +EVMFEPHM, E#E GYQ ETEV IPI R XPQGMVIE
HI JE'.
* J 4YFPMGRM 1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM, ERMQEXSVYP PSV, %PI\ERHVI (YQEW,
EHEYK R WYFXMXPY ITMXIXYP XVEHY: IVI. 7 3 JSWX HMR TEVXIE WE YR I\GIW HI
QSHIWXMI, YR WYFXIVJYKMY IHMXSVMEP TIRXVY GE TYFPMGYP GMXMXSV W EGSVHI REM
QYPX GVIHMFMPMXEXI PYGVVMM, WEY. 3 GLIWXMYRI HI GSGLIXVMI PMXIVEV, E#E GYQ
W-E QEM RXQTPEX #M GY EPXI TMIWI,. - 11,11 E'MRYM PI TSTYPEVYPYM WGVMMXSV# )
HM3GMP HI HEX YE VWTYRW TVIGMW.
(EG QYPXI TEKMRM, QEM EPIW PE RGITYXYP GV'MM ZHIWG XVERWTYRIVI
SEVIGYQ PMRMEV E YRYM XI\X SVMKMREP R TVMQYP VRH HYT QERYWGVMWIPI
IPEFSVEXI HI +EVMFEPHM X, M 8ERKIV RG HMR '1850 R WGLMQF, RXV-S WIVMI RXM
GER HI GETMXSPI WI WMQXI TERE GVIEXSVYPYM PYM /IER -:MRXVI IPI, PI-EQ TYXIE
GMXE TI EGIPIE GEVI VIHEY TSI^ME MVYTMMPSV RIWJV#MXI HMR %QIVMGE HI 7YH,
QMWXIVYP #M ,MMOSMMWMM THYVMM IGYEXSVMEPI, WGIRIPI HI FXPMI, RHISRIPMM HI TI
PEKYRE HI 0SW 4EXSW WEY HI PE EWIHMYP 6SMYVM. 'Y VMXQYP PSV ZIVXMKMRSW #M
KJMXSV, TVI3KYVRH TVS* SM PIYP . 7# M. 7TIRWIYPYM GMRIQEXSKVE3G HI EWX^M.
3VI#XI, HMR GSRJIWMYRMPI WGVMWI WEY GSQYRMGEXI ZIVFEP P (MEVMFEPHM, (YQEW
E #XMYX W HIWTVMRH EQRYRXYP GEVEGXIVMWXMG, RSXE TMXSVIEWG, KIWXYP IPSGZIRX
#M WIQRM3GEXMZ, TI GEVI PI-E EQTPM3GEX, HRHY-PI ZEPSEVIE REVE'M YRMM. 'GM
WTVI HISWIFMVI HI, QIQSVMMPI WGVMWI HI QENSVMXEXIE SEQIRMPSV HI WXEX, EPI
QMPMXEVMPSV WEY HMTPSQE'MPSV, QIQSVMM GEVI VQR R EVLMZI GE RM#XI WMQTPI
HSGYQIRXI TIRXVY WTIGMEPM#XM, TEKMRMPI TYFPMGEXI HI (YQEW HIT#IWG MRXIVIWYP
WXVMGX MRJSVQEXMZ, PIKEX HI XMQT #M WTE'MY. )PI VIY#IWG W VIGVII^I VIEPYP #M W
VIHIE EHIZVYP SQIRIWG, GY 3VIWGYP, TSI^ME, 4EGVE #M GYPSEVIE PYM.
7GVMMRH GSRJIWMYRMPI EPXGYMZE, WYFWXMXYMRHY-WI YRIM I\MWXIR'I WXVMRI,
WGVMMXSVYP JVERGI^ E GTXEX S MRGSQTEVEFMP PMFIVXEXI HI QM#GEVI. )P R-E QEM
JSWX 3FPMKEX W YVQVIEWG HIXEPMMPI RIWIQRM3GEXMZI EPI ZMI'MM GSXMHMIRI R
RPR'YMVIE PSV QIGERMG E#E GYQ WI RXQTP GRH ETIPEQ PE PMRME TVSTVMIM
RSEWXVI XVMVM TI GEVI ZVIQ W S M TVSHYGIQ GY 3HIPMXEXI GM W-E PWEX GSRGPYW
HI WXMQYPYP MQEKMREXMZ TVSZSGEX HI JETXIPI PYM +EVMFEPHM, HI WIQRM3GE'ME ITMG
E HIWXMRYPYM WY.
-'VSVIHRH EWXJIP, (YQEW XVERWJSVQ PYGVEVIE QIQSM. -PMWX TVSTVMY-^MW
R QIQSVMM MQEKMREXI,; N#E GYQ EY PE. 1 HI EPXJIP #M EP'M TVIHIGIWSVM MPY#XVM GE
6SYWWIEY WEY 'LEXIEYFVMERH R 'SRJIWMYRM #M R 1IQSVMM HI HMRGSPS HI
QSVQRX. (I JETX, GIIE GI MRXIVIWIE^ R PMXIVEXYV I TEXIXMWQYP YQER, RY
EQRYRXYP MWXSVMG MRZSGEX GE EVKYQIRX WEY WGY^. (I EGIIE, JVQRXVMPI
WSGMEPI #M TSPMXMGI, GE #M PYTXE QEWIPSV TSTYPEVI HMR ZVIQIE VIWTIGXMZ WYRX
WGLM'EXI R XVWXYVM VETMHI #M KIRIVEPI, JV W 3I EREPM^EXI, W WI ENYRK PE
ZVIS MRXIVTVIXEVI WEY W WI IQMX ZVIS NYHIGEX HI ZEPSEVI. 0YGVEVIE
GSVIWTYRHI EWXJIP GSRGIT'MIM PMXIVEVI E PYM (YQEW, JSVQYPIM WEPI HI WGVMMXSV.
) RHISF#XI GYRSWGYX G R GV'MPI WEZYVSWYPYM VSQERGMIV JVERGI^,
PIGXSVYP RY XVIFYMI W GEYXI EQTPI XEFPSYVM WSGMEPI, MHIM WEY EREPM^I
TWMLSPSKMGI, GM HMEPSK ZMY #M HVEQEXMG, REVE'MYRI ERXVIRERX, TSVXVIXI
GSRXVEWXERXI, HIWGVMIVM IZSGEXSEVI, 4YIRXI #M TPEWXMGI. 4EKMRMPI WEPI
GETXMZIE^ #M HIWXMRH R WIRWYP GIP QEM EYXIRXMG EP GYZRXYPYM, MRGMX QEVIPI WY
GSRXIQTSVER #M TVMIXIR, :MGXSV ,YKS, R WGVMWSEVIE SQEKMEP EHVIWEX R 1872
GXVI (YQEW-3YP, RY I\EKIVE HI PSG WTYRRH G EYXSVYP 1IQSVMMPSV PYM
+EVMFEPHM TYVM3G #M JEGI QEM FYRI WTMVMXIPI TVMR RY WI #XMI GI PYQMR ZIWIP
#M TYXIVRMG WIHYGI, JEWGMRIE^, MRXIVIWIE^, EQY^, MRWXVYMI#XI.
2MQIRM RY TSEXI RIKE G QYPXI HMR WGVMIVMPI PYM (YQEWXEXP RY WYRX
EWX^M GEHYGI #M HIWYIXI. (EV R GIPI GEVI WI QIR'MR #M VI^MWX XMQTYPYM, GX
VMWMT HI JERXI^MI #M ZIVZ RY TYXIQ KWM #M QEM EPIW GX MRKIRMS^MXEXI R
GVIEVIE WMXYE'MMPSV RIE#XITXEXI, E GIIE GI WI SFM#RYMI#XI W WI RYQIEWG
EWX^M EZIRXYVE. RXV-EHIZV, IWXIXMGE VSQERYPYM HI EZIRXYV VIGYRSE#XI R
(YQEW-XEXP YR EHQMVEFMP #M JIGYRH TVIGYVWSV. 7YF RSMPI PYM EZEXEVYVM,
3G'MYRIE IZE^MSRMWX, YXSTMG, #XMMR'M3GS-JERXEWXMG, VSQERYP HI EZIRXYV #M-E
VIKWMX YR WY4Y TVSEWTX, MRIHMXI #M MRITYM^EFMPI 3PSERI HI I\TPSVEX.
4VIXIR'MMPI YRSV I\IKI'M HI E-P HMWGVIHMXE TI (YQEW VITVS#RHY-M S WIVMI
HI HI3GMIR'I GEVI, HI JETX, WYRX SVKERMG PIKEXI HI WPFMGMYRMPI VSQERYPYM HI
EZIRXYV, ETEV QYP MPGYQPMXM..1 M EIMPMMEXG E NYHIG'MM GVMXMGI HIGX GE S XMRM' MQ
M 4L-P IEM MXE'MM IM. 8VIFYMI W-P EGGITXQ TI XPPMMMM.MX TIRMM M GI. E GI EVI
EHQMVEFMP R SP #M W RY-M P'X[Q R M M. 1M TSWIHE (EVYP HI E QFV'M#E, ' WYF S
%1 ! 1 '1 M*1 -' XEPMMPI YRIM EG'MYRM GSQTPMGEXI R TIVM-

(G) 4',. (I R M 111111111.1 M ZMMMM'X YR PI EWGYRWI, E#E GYQ WI HIW- HM.MQ
MRMMPMI. %V'N EMM HI, QM I YR JETX HI WYFMTM3 M M 11111. - M YQ RY M QEM TY'MR RMGM
WY4YP HI IRIVKMI ':PMMPMM IPQ P HI EPPM'XPPMPMI P HI PM YMQM' EP FMRIPYM TI PEMG M PM R XMMM
TIM MSRMMII WEPI GIPI MVREM M^FYXMXI.
'1111, 111T11111 R 11V. 9V. - TVMRGMTEPE M PYM +EVMFEPHM JEGZ*Q
9QYPEPRM M HMRXSPHIEYRE EM YQERMX'MM IRIVKME #M (XXRQW E VIY#MM W; M
I\TVMQI #M R GEVXIE' HI MQYP SQYPYM MY QMNPSGYP JSV'IPSV REXYVMM #M E ZR M 11
'P1111PMR QPMQTMMMYPG R GSRXEGXYP GY WIQIRMM WM, * EM I VIY#I#XI WE M HSQMRI
TVMR TYXIVIE, TVMGITIVIE, :SMR'E #M MWXI'MQIE WE. (EV EGIWX PYGVY RY I RJTXYMX
M 1 EP'8.QMM WEY WMQFSPYVM QMXMGI, RMGM TVMR'V-YR MRHMZMH'ME R Q. 2NVI. 7MZ. 'M
TVMR 3SVYP QEVMPSV RGIVGVM EPI 3MR'I, YQERI GETEFMPI HI RGSVHEVI, HMWGMTPMR
#M GYXI^ER'. ''MMGP -MMVPIE HI JE' GSQYRMG GMXMXSVYPYM RY RYQEM JSV'E, HI, M
GSYWMVMRKIVMPI #M ZMVXY'MPI IXMGI EPI TVSXEKSRMWXYPYM, -QTYPWYP WTSRXER HI E-#M
EWYQE RXVIEKE VIWTSRWEFMPMXEXI M -QMXI QTVINYVVMPI, HI E NYGE TEVG
RIRGIXEX GEVXIE MRSTVMYPYM. 7YY HIWXMR.
8PGYP EWGYRW, GE S ET WYFXIVER GI-#M JEGI WMQ'MX TM\ZIY'. - TVMRXV-S
ZMFVE'MI EFME TIVGITXMFMP, WI HIWTVMRHI HP TEKMRMPI 1IQSVMMPSV, SVM HI GXI SVM
IWXI ZSVFE HI MMZIRPMMVE YQER. 7IRWYP EZIRXYVMM RY VQRI RW I\PIM M P
MTXIPSV HI ZME', RY MRXV R GSRXVEHMG'MI GY IPI. "M MIM QM I\MKIR'IPI
TIVWSRENYPYM TVMRGMTEP HI E RJTXYM MMI'MMMMMIE 3^MG, HYIRH-S TR JE
I\XVIQIPI IM GSRWIMRNI %#E WI I\TPMG HI GI EWTIGXYP EJIGXMZ-IVSXMG, IPIQIRXYP
TEWMSREP IWXI RJ'M#EX GY S EXX HI QEVI IGSMMEMM HI QMNPSEGI I\TVIWMZI, R
GEM-I TYHSEVIE KIWXYVMPSV ME QTPIXI#XI GY TYHSEVIE GYZMRXIPSV. %GIWX IPIQIRX
RY PMTWI#XI, JV RHSMEP, RMGM HMR TEKMRMPI GV'MM HI JE' GGM JTXYVE
SQIRIEWG EFWSEVFI RSM TYXIVM HI ZME' HMR RIWIGEXYP WIRXMQIRX EP HVEKSWXIM.
(EV MYFMVIE VQRI R FYR TEVXI TI TPER WIGYRHEV, RXVYIX TVSXEKSRM#XMM,
TY#M R JE'E YRSV WMXYE'MM #M JETXI RISFM#RYMXI, VQR R TVMQYP VRH RGSVHE'M
WTVI EG'MYRIE GI PI WX R JE' #M R GEVI XVIFYMI W XVMYQJI WEY W QSEV.
%XVEW HI GLIQEVIE GIE QEVI E WTE'MMPSV ZEWXI, +VMFEPHM E RGIVGEX HI
XMQTYVMY WIRXMQIRXYP MRHITIRHIR'IM, RIRKVHMX HI RMGM S STVIPM#XI, HSVMR'E HI
E XVM R HITPMR RJV'MVI GY REXYVE RGSRNYVXSEVI #M GY WIQIRMM WM. 3 HEX GY
XVIGIVIE ERMPSV, WIRWYP IQERGMTEXSV EP I\MWXIR'IM WEPI W-E E3VQEX RW XSX QEM
MQTIVMSW, JYVMRHY-M S ZM^MYRI TVSTVMI, VIZSPY'MSREV JE' HI TVSFPIQIPI
PMFIVX'MM SQYPYM #M EPI GSPIGXMZMX'MM HMR GEVI JEGI TEVXI, GSRGVIXM^EXI HYT
EGIIE R TVIGMWI EG'MYRM WSIMEP-MWXSVMGI.
(EV EXMXYHMRIE VIZSPY'MSREV KEVMFEPHMER ^QMWPMX GY QEM FMRI HI YR
WIGSP R YVQ, E HIZIRMX GYVRH S XVEHM'MI TVIPYRKMRHY-WI TR R ^MPIPI
RSEWXVI TVMRXVI HIQSGVE'MM #M TEVXM^ERMM MXEPMIRM, GEVI EY HIWJ#YVEX ETVMKE
FXPMI E 6I^MWXIR'IM HMR ERMM KVIM EM JEWGMWQYPYM #M EM GIPYM HI-EP HSMPIE V^FSM
QSRHMEP. 4I HVITX GYZRX QM#GEVIE HI 6I^MWXIR' E JSWX HIRYQMX EP HSMPIE
6MWSVMKMQIRX.
)\TVIWMI E ZMXEPMX'MM PSGYMXSVMPSV TIRMRWYPIM, 6I^MWXIR'E HIWJ#YVEX R
GEHVYP V^FSMYPYM HI TEVXM^ERM TYVXEX R TIVMSEHE 1943-1945, TVI^MRX
MRXIVIWERXI EREPSKMM GY .YTXIPI TSTSVYPYM MXEPMER HMR WIGSPYP XVIGYX. 0E VRHYP
IM. 6IEPMXEXIE MWXSVMG HMR XMQTYPPYM +EVMFEPHM R PYQMRE IZIRMQIRXIPSV HMR
TIVMSEHE 6I^MWXIR'IM GETX YR VWYRIX, YR WIRW TVSJYRH, S TIVWTIGXMZ
RIGYRSWGYXI GIVGIXXSVMPSV HI SHMRMSEV.
4MQMRHY-WI PE RHIQRE GMXMXSVMPSV VSQRM 1IQSVMMPI PYM (MEVMFHMHM, RY WI
TSEXI W RY EQMRXMQ G IVSYP GV'MM P'SWX YR GEPH WTVMNMRMXSV EP TSTSVYPYM RSWXVY
R. 0YTXE RY TIRXVY YRMXEXI #M HIQSGVE'MI, GE #M JETXYP G TSTSVYP VSQ4Y E
RYXVMX PE VRHYP WY S WMRGIV WMQTEXMI TIRXVY VMMMM/E HMMIETX E RE'MYRMM MXEPMIRI.
(SG\MQIRXIPI MWXSVMS1:1.11 M EXIWX, PE S WYX HI ERM HYT 6MWSVKMQIRX,
PIKYVMPI WXVRWI, GVIEXI RXVI TEXVMS'MM MXEPMIRM #M VSQRM, MXMPMPMRMMRHY-WI
QTVINYVEVIE G EQFIPI TSTSEVI EY XVMX, R EGIPE#M XMQT, QSQIRXIPI
LSXVXSEVI EPI RJTXYMVMM YRMX'MM PSV RE'MSREPI.
-'VMZMX R TIVWTIGXMZE XMQTYPYM, HIWXMRYP EGIWXYM QEVI V^ZVXMX QTSXVMZE
VRHYMIPMPSV YRIM PYQM RIHVITXI, WXVYMI MY QIQSVME SEQIRMPSV TVMR TVSXIWXYP
WY WMRGIV, XIREGI, RIRHYTPIGEX, EWIQIRIE EHIZVYPYM MRI\SVEFMP EP ZMI'MM 3
4EGV ZMI #M MREPXIVEFMP GSRXMRY W-M TVM:IKLI^I PIKIRHE.
1-6')%. 4(96)0)%29
'<<<M 8%&)0 '632303+-'!
9 802 0E 24 MYRMI WI RE#XI PE :MPPIVW-'SXXIVIXW, HITEVXEQIRXYP %MWRI,
%PI\ERHVI (YQEW, YRMGYP GSTMP EP KIRIVEPYPYM 8LSQEW-%PI\ERHVI (YQEW #M EP
1EVMIM-0SYMWI 0EFSYVIX.
1805 2E#XIVIE, PE +IRSZE, E PYM +MYWITTI 1E^^MRM, QEVGERX
TIVWSREPMXEXI HMR IQMKVE'ME MXEPMER R ERMM 6MWSVKMQIRXYPYM.,
4807 0E 4 MYPMI WI RE#XI PE 2MWE, TVSZMRGMI WEVH ERI\EX HI *VER'E
RETSPISRMER, +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM, 3YP EVQEXSVYPYM &SQIRMGS +EVMFEPHM #M E
6SWIM 6EMQSRHM.
3775 3VE#YP 2MWE GY XIVMXSVMMPI MHMR NYV VIZMRI PE VIKEXYP 7EVHMRMIM GE
YVQEVI E TVFY#MVMM TVMQYPYM MQTIVMY JVERGI^.
181.2 %VI PSG IIE HMRXM GPXSVMI E PYM +EVMFEPHM R 0IZERX #M 1EVIE
2IEKV TI FVMKERXMRE 'IWXER^E, R GEPMXEXI HI QS^^SE (IPIZ QEVMREV).
%PI\ERHVI (YQEW RXVITVMRHI TVMQE WE GPXSVMI PE 4EVMW YRHI ME GSRXEGX
GY QM#GEVIE EVXMWXMG #M PYQIE XIEXVYPYM.
! 1IQSVMMPI ,EM +EVMFEPHM
1825 (SQIRMGS +EVMFEPHM, RWS'MX HI 3YP WY +MYWITTI, JEGI S GPXSVMI
PE 6SQE; 'IXEXIE )XIVR PEW S MQTVIWMI HI RI#XIVW XMRVYPYM HI 18 ERM.
0E 27 JIFVYEVMI, +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM IWXI RWGVMW R VIKMWXVIPI TSVXYPYM
2MWE GY XMXPYP HI GTMXER R QEVMRE GSQIVGMEP WEVH.
R ETVMPMI, MRXV R GSRXEGX GY YR KVYT HI WEMRX-WMQSRMIRM JVERGI^M GI WI
I\TEXVMEY R 3VMIRX, JETX GI ZE EZIE S ERYQMX RVYVMVI EWYTVE GSRGIT'MIM
WEPI HI ZME'.
RXPRMVI PE 1EVWMPME, RXVI +EVMFEPHM #M 1E^^MRM. %HI^MYRIE GIPYM HMRXM PE
EWSGME'ME GSRWTMVEXMZ 8RVE -XEPMI1', JSRHEX HI 1E^^MRM, EPI GVIM 'IPYVM
JYRHEQIRXEPI IVEY: MRHITIRHIR'E 'VMM, YRMXEXIE VITYFPMGER #M HIQSGVE'ME.
0E 4EVMW, VITVI^IRXEVIE TMIWIPSV MWXSVMGI: ,IRVMG EP ----PIE #M 'YVXIE WE
(1829); 'LVMWXMRE (1830); %RXSR] (1831); 8YQYP 2IWPI (1832) #M EPXIPI, EWMKYV
HVEQEXYVKYPYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW YR QEVI WYGGIW HI TYFPMG #M HI TVIWXMKMY.
1834 )#YIE^ MRWYVIG'ME HMR. 7EZSMEX-TVIKXMX #M GSRHYW HI 1E^^MRM.
'SQTVSQMW RXV-S XIRXEXMZ MRWYVIG'MSREP PE +IRSZE, +MYWITTI
+EVMFEPHM WI VIJYKME^ ZVIQIPRMG PE 1EVWMPME. %VI PSG GSRHEQREVIE WE PE
QSEVXI R GSRXYQEGMI HI GXVI EYXSVMX'MPI TMIQSRXI^I.
183.) )\TEXVMIVI R %QIVMGE 0EXMR*# +EVMFEPHM WI QFEVG TI FVMGYP 0I
2EYXSRMIV R GEPMXEXI HI GTMXER WIGYRH, GY HIWXMRE'ME 6MS HI. .ERIMVS.
7GVMMXSVYP %PI\ERHVI (YQEW RXVITVMRHI S GPXSVMI R -XEPME, YRHI VIZMRI
R ERYP YVQXSV, MEV YPXIVMSV R 1740, 1841 #M 1842.
MP83(M +EVMFEPHM QFV'M#IE^ GEY^E VIZSPY'MSREV E VITYFPMGMM
MRHITIRHIRXI 6MS +VERHI HI 7YP #M TEVXMGMT, GY YR QMG ZEW, PE EG'MYRMPI HI
V^FSM QTSXVMZE &VE^MPMIM MQTIVMEPI.
1837 'SQERHERX EP 4SXMPIM VMSKVERHI^I, +EVMFEPHM HIWJ#SEV YR V^FSM
HI KYIVMPPE, R STIVE'MM IJIGXYEXI EXX TI ET GX #M TI YWGEX.
%RMXE 6MFIVE HE 7MPZE, S XRV FVE^MPMER HI 18 ERM, HIZMRIWS'ME PYM
+EVMFEPHM. QTVX#MRH EPXYVM HI EGIWXE I\MWXIR'E WE XYQYPXYSEW.
RGITI GSP HI-EP HSMPIE V^FSM MVMXIVEJRIVMGER TIRXVY EGETEVEVIE
9VYKYE] YPYM.
0E 16 MERYEVMI WI RE#XI TVMQYP GSTMP EP WS'MPSV +EVMFEPHM, 1IRSXXM, HYT
RYQIPI IVSYPYM-QEVXMV EP VWGSEPIM HMR 1831 HI PE 1SHIRE.
7JV#MXYP QMWMYRMM PYM +EVMFEPHM R 6MS +VERHI HI 7YP. *EQMPME +EVMFEPHM WI
WXVQYX PE 1SRXIZMHIS YRHI I\MWXE S TYXIVRMG GSPSRMI MXEPMER JSVQEX,
RHISWIFM, HMR IQMKVER'M TSPMXMGM.
R GSR4MGXYP GY %VKIRXMRE HSQMREX HI HMGXEXSVYP .YER 6SWEW, +EVMFEPHM
WTVMNMR GEY^E VITYFPMGMM 9VYKYE].
RGITI EWIHMYP RHIPYRKEX EP SVE#YPYM 1SRXIZMHIS. 7I JSVQIE^ XVIM
PIKMYRM HI PYTXXSVM IQMKVE'M: MXEPMIRM, JVERGI^M, WTERMSPM, R WGSTYP ' EWMKYVVMM
VI^MWXIR'IM. 0IKMYRIE MXEPMER, HI 800 HI SEQIRM, IWXI GSQERHEX HI
+EVMFEPHM, GVYME M WI GSRJIV KVEHYP HI GSPSRIP.
3WXE#MM 0IKMYRMM MXEPMIRI #M E3VQ WYTIVMS. 6MXEXIE R XSEXI EG'MYRMPI HI
LV'YMVI GY MREQMGYP ('IVVS, &S]EHE IXG.).
%TEVI, PE 4EVMW, VSQERYP GIM XVIM QY#GLIXEVM HI %PI\ERHVI (YQEW GEVI
EWMKYV EYXSVYPYM S RSXSVMIXEXI IYVSTIER. RGITI XSXSHEX TYFPMGEVIE
VSQERYPYM-JSMPIXSR 'SRXIPI HI 1SRXI 'VMWXS GEVI ZE GSRXMRYE TR R 1850,
GYNMSWRH YR WYGGIW JV TVIGIHIRX.
%Y, PSG FXPMMPI HI PE7EPXS #M 7ER-%RXSRMS (%VKIRXMRE WITXIRXVMSREP)
YRHI 0IKMYRIE MXEPMER WI EGSTIV HI KPSVMI. %ZERWEVIE PYM +EVMFEPHM PE KVEHYP
HI KIRIVEP.
0E 4EVMW ETEV RSM VSQERI MWXSVMGI GEVI GSRXMRY WIVME WYGGIWIPSV
RVIKMWXVEXI HI %PI\ERHVI (YQEW: (SEQRE HI 1SRXWSV3EY; 'EZEPIVYP HI PE
1EMWSR 6SYKI; 6^FSMYP JIQIMPSV; HYT GI R ERYP TVIGIHIRX WI XMTVMWIV:
(YT 20 HI ERM (GSRXMRYEVIE GIPSV 78VIM QY#GLIXEVM) #M 6IKMRE 1EVKSX. RGITI
TYFPMGEVIE 1IQSVMMPSV YRYM QIHMG (.SWITL &EPWEQS) TI GEVI PI ZE XIVQMRE R
YVQXSVMM HSM ERM.
%YXSVYP PSV RXVITVMRHI S GPXSVMI HI HSGYQIRXEVI R %JVMGE HI 2SVH
(%PKIVME #M 8YRMW) YRHI I TVMQMX GY SRSVYVM QMPMXEVI. -QTVIWMMPI GPXSVMIM WYRX
GSRWIQREXI R ZSPYQYP (I PE 4EVMW PE 'EHM\.
7I EGSVH PYM +EVMFEPHM TYXIVM HITPMRI R GSSVHSREVIE EWIHMYPYM SVE#YPYM
1SRXIZMHIS. %TPMGRH XEGXMGE V^FSMYPYM HI TS^M'MM IP MQSFMPM^IE^ JSV'IPI
MREQMGI, WTVMNMRMRH EWXJIP FXPME HMTPSQEXMG R WGSTYP VIKPIQIRXVMM
GSR4MGXYPYM.
0E 4EVMW %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-3YP TYFPMG VSQERYP (EQE GY GEQIPMM.
1848 %Y PSG QM#GVM VIZSPY'MSREVI R ETVSETI XSEXI WXEXIPI IYVSTIRI,
MRGPYWMZ R TIRMRWYPE MXEPMG, RPXYVEVIE QSREVLMIM R *VER'E TVMR PYTXIPI HI
WXVEH HMR 22-24 JIFVYEVMI #M TVSGPEQEVIE GIPIM HI-E HSYE VITYFPMGM.
0E 23 QEVXMI, VIKEXYP 7EVHMRMIM #M 4MIQSRXYPYM HIGPEV V^FSM %YWXVMIM R
ZIHIVIE PMGLMHVMM TYXIVMM LEFWFYVKMII HMR -XEPME HI 2SVH.
0E 24 MYRMI, +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM, GY S TEVXI HMR ZIXIVERMM PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI
HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, HIFEVG PE 2MWE HYT YR I\MP HI 12 ERM. 'SQMXIXYP TVSZM^SVMY
EP SVE#YPYM 1MPERS RWVGMRIE^ TI KIRIVEPYP +EVMFEPHM GY GSQERHE
FEXEPMSERIPSV HI ZSPYRXEVM R GYVW HI JSVQEVI.
0E 9 EYKYWX, HYT RJVRKIVIE HI PE 'YWXS^E, VIKIPI 7EVHMRMIM WIQRIE^
YR EVQMWXM'MY GETMXYPEVH GE %YWXVME.
&EXEPMSERIPI KEVMFEPHMIRI HI ZSPYRXEVM STYR VI^MWXIR' XVYTIPSV
EYWXVMIGI R GIXEXIE REXYVEP E QYR'MPSV HMR NYVYP PEGYPYM 1EKKMSVI. %G'MYRIE,
HI#M HI WGYVX HYVEX, EVI TVSJYRH )GSY R QEWIPI MXEPMIRI, GX #M R EJEVE
JVYRXEVMMPSV TIRMRWYPIM MXEPMGI.
%TEVI, PE 4EVMW, ^MEVYP PYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW 0I 1SMW (0YRE) TVIGYQ #M
VSQERYP GIM TEXVY^IGM #M GMRGM #M :MGSRXIPI HI &VEKIPSRRI (YPXMQE TEVXI HMR
GMGPYP RGLMREX QY#GLIXEVMPSV).
0E 25 RSMIQFVMI, TETE 4MYW EP -<-PIE, XIQRHY-WI HI MRWYVIG'ME
TSTYPEV, TVWI#XI 6SQE VIJYKMM RHY-WI TI XIVMXSVMYP 6IKEXYPYM GIPSV (SY
7MGMPMM.
0E 10 HIGIQFVMI IWXI EPIW TVI#IHMRXI EP 6ITYFPMGMM JVERGI^I 0YHSZMG-
2ETSPISR &SRETEVXI, RITSX EP TVMQYPYM QTVEX EP *VER'IM.
0E 9 JIFVYEVMI, %HYREVIE 'SRWXMXYERX HMR 6SQE HIGPEV HIG^YX
TYXIVIE PEMG E TETMPSV #M TVSGPEQ 6ITYFPMGE 6SQER.
0E 3 MYRMI RGITI EWIHMYP 6SQIM HI GXVI XVYTIPI JVERGI^I XVMQMWI HI
RSYP TVI#IHMRXI EP *VER'IM, 0YHSZMG-2ETSPISR &SRETEVXI.
0E 3 MYPMI, R TS3HE VI^MWXIR'IM RZIV#YREXI., E ETVXSVMPSV, JVERGI^MM
TXVYRH R 'IXEXIE )XIVR.
%VI PSG SHMWIIE VIXVEKIVMM HMR 6SQE E ZSPYRXEVMPSV KEVMFEPHMIRM. R
HIGYVWYP VIXVEKIVMM, WI WXMRKI HMR ZME' %RMXE +EVMFEPHM. RGITI E HSYE
I\TEXVMIVI E PYM +EVMFEPHM, MQTYW IPI KYZIVRYP TMIQSRXI^, GEVI ZE HYVE TR
R 1854.
J 0E 8ERKIV, +EVMFEPHM RGITI VIHEGXEVIE TVMQIM TV'M E 1IQSVMMPSV
VIJIVMXSEVI PE IZIRMQIRXIPI HMR %QIVMGE HI MWYH. R MYRMI TPIEG PE 0MZIVTSSP,
ETSM PE 2I[ =SVO, YRHI VQRI #M R HIGYVWYP ERYPYM YVQXSV PYGVRH RXV-E
JEFVMG.
1E^^MRM SVKERM^IE^ PE 0SRHVE 'SQMXIXYP GIRXVEP HIQSGVEXMG IYVSTIER
PE GEVI EHIV #M 2MGSPEI &PGIWGY #M '. %. 6SWIXXM.
%PI\ERHVI (YQEW TYFPMG VSQERYP 'SPMIVYP VIKMRIM.
'TMXER HI GYVW PYRK R. 7IVZMGMYP YRIM WSGMIX'MM MXEPS-EQIVMGERI,
+EVMFEPHM GPXSVI#XI R 4EREQE, 4IVY, ETSM R 'LMRE, *MPMTMRI #M %YWXVEPME.
'EQMPPS &IRWS HM 'EZSYV HIZMRI TVMQ-QMRMWXVY EP VIKEXYPYM 7EVHMRMIM #M
4MIQSRXYPYM.
0E 7 RSMIQFVMI #IJYP WXEXYPYM JVERGI^, HIW3MR'IE^ VITYFPMGE,
TVSGPEQRHY-WI QTVEX WYF RYQIPI HI 2ETSPISR EP ----E.
(MR TVYHIR', %PI\ERHVI (YQEW WI EYXSI\MPIE^ PE &VY\IPPIW YRHI WI
E4 MRXIPIGXYEPMM JVERGI^M HMR STS^M'MI R JVYRXI GY :MGXSV ,YKS.
'PXSVMMPI HI WIVZMGMY EPI PYM +EVMFEPHM WI I\XMRH TI MXMRIVEVMMPI GIPI QEM
HMZIVWI. (MR RSY R 4EGM3G, ETSM R 'LMPI, SGSPMRH 'ETYP ,SVR, VIZMRI R 7XEXIPI-
9RMXI, PE &SWXSR, -^FYGRI#XI V^FSMYP 'VMQIMM RXVI 6YWME #M GSEPM'ME ERKPS-
JVERGS-XYVG, PE GEVI WI EPXYV #M 6IKEXYP 7EVHMRMIM
%VI PSG ETEVM'ME VSQERIPSV PYM %PI\ERHVE (YQEW; %RKI 4MXSY #M 'SRXIWE
HI 'LEVR], %TEVI ^MEVYP 1Y#GLIXEVYP, TVSTVMIXEXIE WGVMMXSVYPYM, R JIFVYEVMI,
EVI PSG PE 0SRHVE S RXVIZIHIVI RXVI +EVMFEPHM #M 1E^^MRM.
0E 10 QEM +EVMFEPHM VIMRXV R TEXVMI, HIFEVGRH PE +IRSZE, R XSEQRE
EGIPYME#M ER WI MRWXEPIE^ GY GSTMMM MTI QMGE MRWYP 'ETVIVE HMR 1IHMXIVER, PE
MRXVEVIE R WXVQXSEVIE &SRMJGMY.
1855 0E 20 MERYEVMI, VIKEXYP 7EVHMRMIM #M 4MIQSRXYPYM, RGLIMI YR XVEXEX
GY %RKPME #M *VER'E, TVMR GEVI WI ERKENIE^ W TEVXMGMTI PE V^FSMYP 'VMQIMM,
XVMQM'RH YR GSVT I\TIHM'MSREV HI 15,000 HI WSPHE'M.
18.56 %VI PSG 'SRKVIWYP HI TEGI HI PE 4EVMW R ZIHIVIE VIKPIQIRXVMM
VIPE'MMPSV HMRXVI 6YWME #M TYXIVMPI SGGMHIRXEPI, HYT V^FSMYP 'VMQIMM. +YZIVRYP
'EZSYV SF'MRI ERYQMXI 'WYGGIWI XEGXMGI.
'1858 0E 20 MYPMI R RXPRMVIE HI PE 4PSQFMIVIW HMRXVI 2ETSPISR EP ----PIE
#M 'EZSYV EY JSWX TYWI FE^IPI EPMER'IM HMRXVI *VER'E #M 4MIQSRX, TIRXVY
RPXYVEVIE %YWXVMIM HI TI XIVMXSVMYP MXEPMER, RXVIZIHIVI RXVI +EVMFEPHM #M
'EZSYV PE 8SVMRS GY TVMZMVI PE VISVKERM^EVIE EVQEXIM VIKYPEXI #M PE JSVQEVIE
FEXEPMSERIPSV HI ZSPYRXEVM.
1859 RGITI V^FSMYP EYWXVS-JVERGS-TMIQSRXI^.
+EVMFEPHM GSQERH GSVTYP HI ZRXSVM EPTMRM, JSVQEX HMR 3.000 HI
ZSPYRXEVM. )PMFIVIE^ S TEVXI HMR 0SQFEVHME #M PSGEPMX'MPI 7IWXS-'EPIV. (I,
:EVIWI, 'SQS, %HHE, &IVKEQS, 0E<0- REXS, 0E 4. "M 23 MYRMI, R FXPMMPI HI PE
1EKIRXE, 7SPJIVMRS #M 7ER 1EV'MRS, XVYTIPI JVERGS-TMIMQSRXI^I RJVRK EVQEXE
EYWXVMEG.
8SWGERE, 4EVQE, 1SHIRE #M 6SQEKRE GIV, R YVQE MRWYVIG'MMPSV TSTYPEVI,
EPMTMVIE PE 4MIQSRX.
%VI PSG PE 8SVMRS S RXPRMVI RXVI +EVMFEPHM #M (YQEW, R PIKXYV GY
TYFPMGEVIE QIQSVMMPSV.
M. '
160 0E 5 #M 6 QEM, ZEWIPI 0SQFEVHS #M 4MIQSRXY TVWIWG TSVXYP
5YEVXS HI PRK +IRSZE, 'GY S QMI HI ZSPYRXEVM, WYF GSQERHE PYM +MYWITTI
+EVMFEPHM, R WGSTYP IPMFIVVMM -XEPMIM QIVMHMSREPI.
11 QEM. (IFEVGEVI R RSVHYP 7MGMPMIM, PE 1V#EPE.
15 QEM. :MGXSVME HI PE 'EPEXE3QM.
27 QEM. RGITI EXEGYP TIRXVY GYGIVMVIE SVE#YPYM 4EPIVQS.
7 MYRMI. )PMFIVEVIE GSQTPIX E GETMXEPIM WMGMPMIRI #M SGYTEVIE JSVXYPYM
'EWXIPPEQEVI.
18 MYRMI. 3GYTEVIE SVE#YPYM 'EXERME.
20 MYPMI. 'YGIVMVIE SVE#YPYM 1MPE^^S.
MYPMI. 4VIHEVIE JSVXYPYM 1MPE^^S.
MYPMI. -RXVEVIE R SVE#YP 1IWWMRE, EYKYWX. 8VEZIVWEVIE WXVQXSVMM 1IWWMRE
#M HIFEVGEVIE ZSPYRXEVMPSV KEVMFEPHMIRM R 'EPEFVME.
EYKYWX. ) PYEX GY EWEPX SVE#YP 6IKKMS.
31 EYKYWX. -RXVEVIE R SVE#YP 'SWIR^E,
3 WITXIQFVMI. +EVMFEPHM TXVYRHI R 7ETVM.
WITXIQFVMI. )WXI SGYTEX 4EHYPE, WITXIQFVMI. -RXVEVIE R 7EPIVRS,
WITXIQFVMI. +EVMFEPHM TXVYRHI R 2IETSPI, R SZE'MMPI TSTYPE'MIM.
2 SGXSQFVMI. &XPME HI PE :SPXYQS, GEVI GSRW3R'I#XI GYGIVMVIE
7YHYPYM TVMR RJVRKIVIE XVYTIPSV RETSPMXERI.
%PI\ERHVI (YQEW, GEVI E RWS'MX I\TIHM'ME, GIPSV 3 QMI, HI PE 4EPIVQS
PE 2IETSPI, I RYQMX HI IPMFIVEXSVYP 7YHYPYM, HMVIGXSV EP %VXIPSV JVYQSEWI,
7GVMMXSVYP JVERGI^ IHMXIE^ PE 2IETSPI ^MEVYP YRMSRMWX 0'MRHMTIRHIRXI. %TEV,
PE 4EVMW, PYGVVMPI PYM (YQEW: 1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM #M R 6YWME, YPXMQE
MRWTMVEX HMRXV-S GPXSVMI RXVITVMRW R ERYP TVIGIHIRX PE 4IXIVWFYVK,
1SWGSZE, 2MNRM2SZKSVSH #M 'EYGE^.
0E 9 RSMIQFVMI, +EVMFEPHM TVWI#XI 2IETSPI TI ZEWYP ;EWLMRKXSR GY
HIWXMRE'ME 'ETVIVE, R YVQE HMWIRWMYRMPSV MZMXI GY KYZIVRYP TMIQSRXI^.
%PI\ERHVI (YQEW VQRI PE 2IETSPI XMQT HI TEXVY ERM, TR R 1864.
R #IHMR'E HMR 18 ETVMPMI E 4EVPEQIRXYPYM HMR 8SVMRS, +EVMFEPHM JEGI YR
EWTVY VIGLM^MXSVMY TSPMXMGMM GEZSYVMIRI R PIKXYV GY XIVMXSVMMPI IPMFIVEXI HMR
7YH.
JIE (3 MYRMI, QSEVI TVMQYP QMRMWXVY EP -XEPMIM YRM3GEXI, 'EQMPPS &IRWS HM
'EZSYV.
%TEVI PYGVEVIE PYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW +EVMFEPHMIRMM.
<0--- <)- 0E 29 EYKYWX, TI RP'MQMPI HI PE %WTVSQSRXI ('EPEFVME),
+EVMFEPHM I VRMX #M ETSM EVIWXEM HMR SVHMRYP KYZIVRYPYM HI PE 8SVMRS, WYF TVIXI\X
G E TYW PE GEPI MRWYVIG'ME R 7XEXYP TETEP, ZSMRH W IGYTI 6SQE, TIVMGPMXRH
EWXJIP VIPE'MMPI GY 2ETSPISR EP -P--PIE. 7YF TVIWMYRIE STMRMIM TYFPMGI HMR XSEXI
TVSZMRGMMPI MXEPMIRI, MPYWXVYP TVM^SRMIV I IPMFIVEX HYT S WGYVX HIXIR'MYRI.
1864 R GYVWYP PYRMPSV ETVMPMI #M QEM, +EVMFEPHM ZM^MXIE^ %RKPME.
QFEVGEVIE R TSVXYP 0E :EPIXXE (1EPXE) TI YR ZETSV FVMXERMG; HIFEVGEVIE, PE
7SYXLEQTXSR. 4VMQMVI XVMYQJEP PE 0SRHVE, 0MZIVTSSP, +PEWKS[, 1ERGLIWXIV #M
EPXI SVE#I HMR 1EVIE &VMXERMI. 1MXMRK TSTYPEV R 8VEJEPKYEV 7UYEVI GIE QEM
QEVI HIQSRWXVE'MI HI QEW GEVI EZYWIWI PSG R GETMXEPE %RKPMIM HI PE
QSEVXIE PYM ;IPPMRKXSR. 6IZIHIVI GY 1E^^MRM R GEWE PYM %PI\ERHV ,IV^IR.
1866 0E6 MYRMI RGIT SWXMPMX'MPI RXVI 4VYWME #M, %YWXVME.
'0E 20 MYRMI MRXIVZMRI R GSR4MGX #M EVQEXE MXEPMER.
+EVMFEPHM, GSQERHERX EP YRYM GSVT HI EVQEX JSVQEX HMR FEXEPMSERI HI
ZSPYRXEVM, TXVYRHI R 8VIRXMR, GYGIVMRH TS^M'MMPI HI PE 'S2EVS, 1SRXI 7UYIPPS,
)HSPS, 6SGGE H'%RJS, &I^^IGGE. '
%VI PSG FXPME HI PE 7EHSZE R GEVI XVYTIPI TVY-* WEGI ^HVSFIWG EVQEXE
EYWXVMEG.
4VSZMRGME :IRI'ME IWXI GIHEX -XEPMIM.
)#YIE^ RGIVGEVIE PYM +EVMFEPHM HI E IPMFIVE 6SQE GY ZSPYRXEVMM WM. 0E
3 RSMIQFVMI, TI GSPMRIPI HI PE 1IRXERE (-XEPME 1IVMHMSREP), EVQEXE JVERGI^
XVMQMW HI 2ETSPISR EP -P--PIE, RJVRKI XVYTIPI HI ZSPYRXEVM. %VIWXEVIE PYM
+EMVFEPHM E *MKPMRI, HMR SVHMRYP KYZIVRYPYM MXEPMER; IVSYP IWXI GSRHYW R
JSVXVIE'E HI PE :EVMKRERS. (EXSVMX TVSXIWXYPYM ' QEWIPSV MXEPMIRI #M EP
GIVGYVMPSV HI MRXIPIGXYEPM IYVSTIRM R JVYRXI GY :MGXSV ,YKS, HI'MRYXYP I
IPMFIVEX, VIXVKRHY-WI PE 'ETVIVE.
%TEVI YPXMQE PYGVEVI REVEXMZ E PYM (YQEW, %PFMM #M EPFE#XVMM, ITMWSH EP
PYTXIPSV HMR :ERHII. R ERYP YVQXSV WGVMMXSVYP HVEQEXM^IE^ XIQE.
1870 0E 19 MYRMI RGITI V^FSMYP JVERGS-TVYWEG. 7R'M VIXVEWI XVYTIPI
JVERGI^I HI SGYTE'MI HMR 6SQE. RJVRKIVMPI EVQEXIM JVERGI^I, M^SPEVIE *VER'IM
HI, TYXIVMPI IYVSTIRI #M EHRGMPI GSRXVEHMG'MM HMRYRXVYP 'VMM, GSRWXVRK TI
2ETSPISR W GETMXYPI^I PE 7IHER. 6IZSPY'ME HIGPER#EX PE 4EVMW MRWXEYVIE^
GIE HI-E XVIME VITYFPMG JVERGI^.
0E 20 WITXIQFVMI, 2MRS &M\MS YRYP HMR PSGSXIRIR'MM PYM +EVMFEPHM
TXVYRHI GY HIXE#EQIRXYP WY R 6SQE, RP'RH TI 'ETMXSP MY HVETIPYP VS#Y-
E F-ZIVHI.
+EVMFEPHM #M SJIV *VER'IM VITYFPMGERI WIVZMGMMPI WEPI. %GGITX
GSQERHEQIRXYP GSVTYVMPSV IPI ZSPYRXEVM EPI EVQEXIM HMR :SWKM, STIVRH R
XVMYRKLMYP (SPI-(MNSR-%YXYR.
0E 6 HIGIQFVMI, QSEVI WGVMMXSVYP %PI\ERHVY (YQEW-XEXP PE GEWXIPYP
4Y]W, RY HITEVXI H(MITTI, YRHI E JSWX RQSVQRXEX TVSZM^SVMY.
R FXPME HI PE 21-23 MERYEVMI GSVTYVMPI HI ZSPYRXEVM EPI EVQEXIM HMR
:SWKM EY RWGVMW S ZMGXSVMI R ETVEVIE (MNSRYMYM.
0E 18 QEVXMI IWXI TVSGPEQEX 'SQYRE HMR 4EVMW X' IQFVMSR EP WXEXIPSV
WSGMEPMWXI HI QEM XV^MY GEVI GYRSE#XI S I\MWXIR' HI RYQEM 72 HI ^MPI.
0E 10 QEVXMI, QSEVI PE 4MWE +MYWITTI 1E^^MRM. 'Y EGIWX TVMPIN EVI PSG S
QEVI QERMJIWXE'MI TSTYPEV PE GEVI TEVXMGMT #M +EVMFEPHM.
6Q#M'IPI TQRXI#XM EPI PYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW WYRX XVERWTSVXEXI R
WEXYP REXEP :MPPIVW-'SXXIVIXW.
%TEV S WIVMI HI PYGVVM R TVS^ #M ZIVWYVM EPFI EPI PYM +EVMFEPHM,
MRXMXYPEXI: 'PIPME, 'ERXSVMM ZSPYRXEVYP, 'IM 3 QMI. %YXSVYP ^YKVZI#XI, GY PMVMWQ,
IZIRMQIRXIPI XVMXI #M GLMTYP YRSV XSZEV#M HI EVQI GEVI W-EY WEGVM3GEX
0YTXRH EPXYVM HI IP.
(ITYXEX R 4EVPEQIRXYP HMR 6SQE, +VM. &EPHM WI TVISGYT, HI QEM QYP'M
ERM, HI YR TVSMIGX HI XVERWJSVQEVI EP GYVWYPYM 8MFVYPYM #M HI QFYRX'MVIE
WSPYPYM R %KVYP 4SRXMR, TVSMIGX RIVIEPM^EX EXYRGM HMR PMTWE QMNPSEGIPSV
3RERGMEVI.
0E 2 MYRMI WI WXMRKI HMR ZME', PE PSGYMR'E WE HMR MRWYPE 'ETVIVE,
+MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM, YRYP HMR JYVMXSVMM YRMX'MM -XEPMIM. 1SEVXIE WE E JSWX
HIGPEVEX HSPMY RE'MSREP.
0E 4 RSMIQFVMI, EVI PSG R TME'E 1EPIWLIVFIW, HMR 4EVMW, HI^ZIPMVIE
WXEXYMM PYM %PI\ERHVI (YQEW-XEXP. 3TIVE E JSWX I\IGYXEX HI. +YWX EZI (SVI.
<0: <0-:
1946 )WXI TVSGPEQEX 6ITYFPMGE MXEPMER, HYT 64 HI ERM HI PE QSEVXIE
PYM +EVMFEPHM. 4VMR ZSMR'E YRERMQ E TSTYPE'MIM, TPIFMWGMXYP E JSWX 3\EX TIRXVY
^MYE HI2 MYRMI, HEXE GSQIQSVVMM QEVIPYM HMWTVYX, EGIEWX ^M HIZIRMRH
WVFXSEVIE RE'MSREP E -XEPMIM.
92 '9:28 '86) '-8-836 1. 4.
3VMGI JETX EGXYEP #M EVI VHGMRE R XVIGYX: IWXI 11 RITYXMR' W RGITM
ZVIS TSZIWXMVI, 3I G WI VIJIV PE I\MWXIR'E YRYM SQ, 3I PE ZVIYR IZIRMQIRX,)
EV W EVYRGM S TVMZMVI EWYTVE XVIGYXYPYM.
(MJIVMXIPI JE^I EPI ZMI'MM TI GEVI EQ RGIVGEX W'-S HIWGVMIQ, RI ZSV HYGI
HI QYPXI SVM R 4MIQSRX, TQRXYP REXEP EP PYM +EVMFEPHM. &VFE'MM GEVI EY
EGXMZMXEXI. 4SPMXMG, EXYRGM GRH WYRX SEQIRM E M TVSKVIWYPYM, #M EY GIEWYVMPI PSV
HI WPFMGMYRI, MMM GEVI, EWIQIRIE PYM %RXIY, WMQX RIZSME, WTVI M #M VIHSFRHM
TYXIVMPI, W EXMRK 'VRE TEXVMIM, T GEVI &VYXYW, R TVIJGYXE-M RIFYRMI, S
WVYXE WSGSXMRH-S QEMGE XYXYVSV. )WXI HIGM RIGIWEV W JEM-GMR YR WXYHMY VETMH EP
JETXIPSV GI WI TIXVIGIEY R -XEPME RXVI 1820 #M 1834, ITSG R GEVI RGITI
EGIEWX REVE'MYRI MWXSVMG.
6^FSEMIPI 6ITYFPMGMM #M MRZE^MMPI -QTIVMYPYM, I\MPEWIV HMR 7EVHMRME TI
HSM TVMR'M GEVI, TPIGE'M MMM I\MP RG XMRIVM, WI RXSEVWIV FXVRM; IVEY HSM JVE'M,
R TIVWSERE GVSVE WI WXMRKIE VEQYVE FEVF1GEWG E HYGMPSV HI 7EZSME: YRYP
E JSWX :MGXSVMPQERYIP -, MEV GIPPEPX, 'EVSP-*IPM\.
%QRHSM EY HSQRMX.
6EQYVE QEM QMG IVE VITVI^IRXEX HI GXVI TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER, GEVI R
1823, E JGYX GE KVIREHMIV R EVQEXE JVERGI^, GEQTERME HMR 7TERME, YRHI W-
E HMWXMRW R QSH HISWIFMX PE 8VSGEHIVS.
R 1840, RXV-S EYHMIR' TI GEVI QM-E EGSVHEX-S, QM-E EVXEX WEFME PYM HI
KVIREHMIV #M ITSPI'MM HIPR VS#MI, TI GEVI PI TWXVE GE TI RM#XI VIPMGZI EPI
XMRIVI'MM WEPI.
6IKIPI :MGXSV-)QERYIP -, YVGRHY-WI TI XVSRYP GEVI, TVSFEFMP, RY-M
JYWIWI HEX HIGX GY EGIEWX GSRHM'MI, JKHYMWI, WYF GYZRX HI SRSEVI,
WYZIVERMPSV EPME'M, W RY JEG, R SVMGI QTVINYVEVI W-EV 3 E4EX, RMGM S GSRGIWMI
TSTSVYPYM WY.
(EV GIIE GI IVE Y#SV HI JKHYMX R 1815, IVE KVIY HI VIWTIGXEX R
1821.
(MR 1820, WI VWTRHMWI, R -XEPME, GEVFSREVM WQYP. RXV-S GEVXI GEVI IWXI
QEM QYPX S QVXYVMI HIGX YR VSQER, .SWITL &EPWEQS, EQ WGVMW MWXSVME
MPYQMRMWQYPYM #M E JVERGQEWSRIVMIM.
%GI#XM HSM QEVM HY#QERM EM VIKEPMX'MM, E GVSV HIZM^ IVEY EGIWXI XVIM
MRM'MEPI: 0. 4. (., EHMG 0MPME. 4IHMFYW. (IWXVYI EY EZYX YR QEVI VSP R VIZSPY'ME
JVERGI^. 7XZIHIRFSVK1, EM GVYM EHIT'M EZIEY W-P EWEWMRI^I TI +YWXEZ EP -P--
PIE, IVE QEK. %TVSETI XS'M NEGSFMRMM #M YR QEVI RYQV HI )\TVIWMI PEXMR, R
XVEHYGIVI PMXIVEV WXVMZM'M GVMRMM GY TMGMSEVIPI. 0S^MRG MRWYVIG'MSREP
RHVITXEX QTSXVMZE &SYVFSRMPSV, E GVSV IQFPIQ LIVEPHMG IVE YR GVMR IY
XVIM TIXEPI.
)QERYIP 7[IHIRFSVK (1688-1*772), XIS^SJ #M ZM^MSREV WYIHI^.
GSVHIPMIVM1 IVEY QEWSRM, *MPMT-)KEPMXI 2 IVE 1EVI 3VMIRX: M.
2ETSPISR PY QEWSRIVME WYF TVSXIG'ME WE; HEV, TVSXINRH-S, IP S JEPWM3G,
S EFXY HI PE WGSTYP IM, S WYTYWI MRXIVIWYPYM WY #M JGY HMR IE YR MRWXVYQIRX
EP HIWTSXMWQYPYM.
2Y IWXI TIRXVY TVMQE SEV GRH W-EY JYVMX PER'YVM GY WTEHIPI. .SWITL
2ETSPISR E JSWX QEVI QEIWXVY JVERGQEWSR; EVLMGERGIPEVYP 'EQFEIIVIW E JSWX
QEVI QEIWXVY EHNYRGX, MEV .SEGLMQ 1YVEX W, EP HSMPIE QEVI QEIWXVY EHNYRGX.
QTVXIEWE .SWI3RE, TI GRH WI E4E PE 7XVEWWFSYVK, R 1805 TVI^MH
GIVIQSRME EHSTXVMM PSNIM *VERG-'EZPIVMPSV HMR 4EVMW. R EGIPE#M XMQT, )YKIRI
HI &IEYLEVREMW IVE YR ZIRIVEFMP EP -TNIM 7JRXYPYM )YKIR HMR 4EVMW. :IRMX ETSM
R -XEPME, GY HIQRMXEXIE HI ZMGIVIKI, 1EVIPI 3VMIRX HMR 1MPERS P RYQM QEIWXVY
#M WYZIVER GSQERHSV EP GSRWMPMYPYM WYTVIQ HI KVEHYP XVIM^IGM #M HSM, EHMG M
EGSVH GIE QEM QEVI GMRWXI GY TYXMR', HYT WXEXYXIPI SVHMRYPYM.
&IVREHSXXI IVE QEWSR; 3YP PYM, TVMR'YP 3WGEV, E JSWX QEVI QEIWXVY EP
PSNIM WYIHI^I; R HMJIVMXIPI PSNM HMR 4EVMW, EY JSWX MRM'ME'M TI VRH: %PI\ERHVY,
HYGI HI ;YVXIQFIVK; TVMR'YP &IVREVH PI 7E\E;IMQEV #M TR #M EQFEWEHSVYP
TIVWER, %WOIVM/LER; TVI#IHMRXIPI WIREXYPYM, GSRXIPI HI 0EGITIHI, TVI^MHE
1EVIPI 3VMIRX HMR *VER'E, .EM GVYM S3'IVM HI SRSEVI IVEY KIRIVEPMM /IPPIVQERR,
1EWWIRE #M 7SMHX. 4VMR'MM, QMRM#XVMM, QEVI#EPMM, S3'IVMM, QEKMWXVE'MM, R . WJV#MX XS'M
SEQIRMM VIQEVGEFMPM TVMR KPSVME PSV WEY HI WIEQ TVMR TS^M'ME PSV, EZIEY
EQFM'ME W 3I TVMQM'M GE QEWSRM. 'LMEV #M JIQIMPI EY ZVYX W-#M EMF PSNMPI PSV, R
GEVI EY #M MRXVEX: HSEQRIPI HI :EYHIQSRX, HI 'EVMKRER, HI +MVEVHMR, HI
2EVFSRRI #M QMHXI EPXI HSEQRI HMR GPEWIPI QEVM; XSXY#M, YRE WMRKYV E JSWX
TVMQMX, RY GE WSV, GM GE JVEXI, )E IVE JEMQSEWE <EMRXVEMPPIW, GVIME TVMQYP
GSRWYP M HHYWI YR FVIZIX HI #IJ HI IWGEHVSR (EV RY RYQEM R *VER'E R4SVIE
TI EXYRGM QEWSRIVME. @TEV 6IKIPI 7YIHMIM, R 1811, MRWXMXYME SVHMRYP GMZMP EP
QEWSRIVMIM. *VIHIVMG-;MPLIPQ EP -P--PIE, VIKIPI 4VYWMIM, ETVSFEWI TVMRXV-YR
IHMGX, WTVI WJV#MXYP PYRMM MYPMI E ERYPYM 1800, GSRWXMXYMVIE QEVMM PSNM HMR &IVPMR.
4VMR'YP HI +EPPIW GSRXMRY W KYZIVRI^I SVHMRYP TR R 1813, GRH JY RYQMX
VIKIRX. R WJV#MX, R PYRE JIFVYEVMI E ERYPYM 1814, VIKIPI 3PERHIM WI HIGPEV
TVSXIGXSV EP SVHMRYPYM #M RKHYM GE TVMR'YP QS#XIRMXSV, 3YP WY, W TVMQIEWG
XMXPYP HI ZIRIVEFMP HI SRSEVI EP PSNIM PYM ;MPPMEQ-*VIHIVMG HMR %QWXIVHEQ.
(YT RXSEVGIVIE &SYVFSRMPSV R *VER'E, QEVI#EPYP &SYVRSRZMPPI P VYK
TI VIKIPI 0YHSZMG EP <:----PIE W TYR SVHMRYP WYF TVSXIG'ME YRYM QIQFVY HMR
JEQMPME WE; HEV 0YHSZMG EP <:----PIE IVE YR SQ GY S QIQSVMI FYR, IP RY YMXEWI
VSPYP TI GEVI-P EZYWIWI, QEWSRIVME R GEXEWXVSJE HMR 1793; R GSRWIGMR',
VWTYRWI G RY ZE RKHYM RMGMSHEX ZVIYRYM QIQFVY HMR JEQMPME WE W JEG
TEVXI HMRXV-S WSGMIXEXI WIGVIX, SVMGEVI EV 3 JSWX IE.
R -XEPME, QEWSRIVME G^Y S HEX GY HSQMRE'ME JVERGI^; HEV R PSGYP IM
RGITY W ETEV GEVFSREVMWQYP GEVI TVIE W TVIME WEVGMRE HI YRHI S TVWMWI
QEWSRIVME TIRXVY E S GSRXMRYE R HMVIG'ME IM PMFIVEXSEVI.
(SY EPXI WIGXI 'MRXIEY EGIPE#M PYGVY EPXYVM HI IE: YRE WI RYQIE
'SRKVIKE'ME GEXSPMG, ETSWXSPMG #M VSQER, MEV GIEPEPX, 'SRWMWXSVMEP.
1IQFVMM 'SRKVIKE'MIM EZIEY, GE WIQR HI VIGYRSE#XIVI, YR GSVHSR HI
QXEWI, KEPFIR-TEM, GY GMRGM RSHYVM. 'IM E3PME'M SVHMRIPSV MRJIVMSEVI RY ZSVFIEY
HIGX HIWTVI TMIXEXI #M HIWTVI FMRIJEGIVI; GX HIWTVI WIGVIXIPI WIGXIM
GYRSWGYXI RYQEM HI KVEHIPI REPXI, RY WI TYXIE ZSVFM HIWTVI IPI HIGX GRH
IVEY RYQEM HSM; HEG QM ZIRIE YR EP XVIMPIM, GSRZIVWE'ME RGIXE R EGIIE#M
GPMT; GYZRXYP HI. 6IGYRSE#XIVI EP GSRKVIKE'MSRM#XMPSV IVE )PIYXIVME, EHMG
0MFIVXEXI; GYZRXYP WIGVIX IVE 3HI, EHMG -RHITIRHIR'.
%GIEWX WIGX, RWGYX R *VER'E, TVMRXVI RISGEXSPMGM, HMRXVI GEVI QYP'M
EY JSWX YRMM HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM #M QEM GSRWXER'M VITYFPMGERM, XVEZIVWEWI %PTMM,
XVIGYWI R 4MIQSRX #M HI EGSPS R 0SQFEVM/ME; HEV, S HEX EMGM, IE EZY TY'MRM
EHIT'M #M GYVME H WI WXMRWI, EKIR'MM WIGVI'M EM %YWXVMIM M^FYXMRH W-#M TVSGYVI PE
+IRSZE, HMTPSQIPI GI WI IPMFIVEY MRM'ME'MPSV, GE #M WXEXYXIPI #M WIQRIPI HI
VIGYRSE#XIVI.
'SRWMWXSVMEPE IVE RHVITXEX RHISWIFM QTSXVMZE EYWXVMIGMPSV; R JVYRXIE
IM WI E4EY TVMRGMTMM XE. '
,IM GEVI RY ETEV'MRIEY GEWIM HI -MEFWFYVK2; IE IVE TVI^MHEXE, HI
GEVHMREPYP +SRWEPZM; WMRKYVYP TVMR' GEVI R-E JSWX I\GPYW HMR IE IVE HYGIPI HI
1SHIRE. (MR EGIEWX GEY^, GRH PMKE JY GYRSWGYX, YVQEV XIVMFMPIPI
TIVWIGY'MM EPI EGIWXYM TVMR' QTSXVMZE TEXVMS'MPSV: IP EZIE RIZSMI GE %YWXVME W-
M MIVXI HI^IVXEVIE #M HI EGIIE, WTVI E WI QTGE GY IE, XVIFYM W ZIVWI RMGM QEM
QYPX, RMGM QEM TY'MR, HIGX WRKIPI PYM 1IRSXXMW, XSZEV#YP PYM HI
GSRWTMVE'MI'SRWMWXSVMEPM#XMM YVQVIEY W-M WQYPK PYM *VERGMWG EP ---PIE -XEPME #M
W #MS QTEVX: R EJEV HI 6SQE #M HI 6SQEKRE, TI GEVI PI TWXVE, TETE
HSFRHIE 8SWGERE, MRWYPE )PFE #M TVSZMRGME 1EVGLI VIZIRI.EY VIKIPYM
2IETSPYPYM; 4EVQE, 4MEGIR^E #M S TEVXI HMR 0SQFEVHME, VIZIRIEY GY XMXPYP HI
VIKI, HYGIPYM HI 1SHIRE; 1EWWE, 'EVVEVE, 0YGGE, VIKIPYM 7EVHMRMIM; R WJV#MX,
QTVEXYP 6YWMIM, %PI\ERHVY, GEVI HMR EZIVWMYRI JE' HI %YWXVME JEZSVM^E
EGIWXI TPERYVM WIGVIXI, TVMQIE 3I %RGSRE, 3I 'MZMXE-:IGGLME, 3I +IRSZE, WTVI
E-#M JEGI EGSPS S FE^ R 1IHMXIVERE.
%WXJIP, HYT GYQ ZIHI'M, JV E GSRWYPXE TSTSEVIPI #M RMGM QGEV
HIPMQMXVMPI XIVMXSVMEPI REXYVEPI, Q EGIEWX PMK #M QTV'IE WY4IXIPI GYQ JEG,
HYT S VE^MI, EVEFMM GY S XYVQ GYGIVMX; #M HVITXYP EGIWXE TI GEVI P EVI #M GIE
HMR YVQ JTXYV 'RWGYXE TI TQRXYP )YVSTIM HI E-#M EPIKI WXTRYL #M. (I
E RY MRXVE GE WPYNMXSV HIGX PE GIP GI-M GSRZMRI, EGIWX HVITX IVE VIJY^EX EGYQ
RE'MYRMPSV.
(MR JIVMGMVI, YRYP WMRKYV HMR XSEXI EGIWXI TVSMIGXI, GIP TI GEVI P
JKHYMEY GEVFSREVMM, IVE HYT ZSME (SQRYPYM; #M EGIWXE IWXI TI GEPI HI E WI
QTPMRM.
'EVFSRVMWQYP1, GEVI WMRKYV IVE GLIQEX W HIE VSEHI, WI MRXIRWM3GE R
EGIWX XMQT XSX QEM QYPX R 6SQEKRE; IP WI YRMWI GY WIGXE KYIP3PSV GEVI #M
WXEFMPMWI WIHMYP PE %RGSRE #M WI WTVMNMRIE TI FSRETEVXMWQ.
0YGMER JYWIWI RP'EX PE KVEHYP HI. 1EVI 0YQMR3; R EHYRVM1 I WIGVIXI,
WI EVXE RIGIWMXEXIE HI E WI WQYPKI TYXIVIE HMR QMRMPI TVIS'MPSV, WI 8EGXMGE
HI PYTX GSRWTMVEXMZ E GEVFSREVMPSV. 2YQEM M'SRHYGXSVMM XVIFYMEY W GYRSEWG
SFMIGXMZIPI QM#GVMM GI YVQVIE W-#M EXMRK WGSTYVMPI TVMR PSZMXYVM HI WXEX,
GSQTPSXYVM, WYTVMQEVIE XMVERMPSV. &IPYVMPI EWSGME'MIM RY IVEY RW TVIGM^EXI RXV-
YR TVSKVEQ GPEV, FMRI HI3RMX. R 7YH #M ME 2IETSPI, GEVFSREVMM PYTXEY TIRXVY
GSRWXMXY'MI, R 7MGMPME, TIRXVY EYXSRSQMI, R 2SVH, QTSXVMZE %YWXVMIM #M TIRXVY
MRHITIRHIR'E 0SQFEVHMIM. 6IZSPXIPI TYWI ME GEPI PI GEVFSREVM RGITYWIV W
M^FYGRIEWG R XSEXI 'MRYXYVMPI MXEPMIRI.
R WIGSPYP EP <---PIE WI RYQIEY EWXJIP TEVXM^ERMM PYM PPIRVMG HI &EZEVME R
PYTXE TIRXVY WYGGIWMYRIE PE XVSXMPYP KIVQER (HI PE GYZRXYP KIVQER :/IPJIR),
WYW'MRY'M HI TETEPMXEXI QTSXVMZE GEWIM HI ,SLIR#XEYJIR.. 4VMR I\XMRHIVI, W-EY
RYQMX QEM XV^MY EWXJIP XS'M EGIME GEVI-P WYW'MRIEY TI TET. R -XEPME EY JSWX
KYIPJI SVE#IPI 1MPERS, ,SPSKRE, *PSVIR'E, +IRSZE. 4EVXMHYP STYW WI RYQIE EP
P'LMFIPMRMPSV. %Y JSWX KLMFIPMRI SVE#IPI 4MWE, :IVSLE, %VI^^S.
+VEH WYTIVMSV, R PMQFENYP WMQFSPMG EP GEVFSREVMPSV.
MRZSGE RYQIPI PYM &VYXYW #M WI TVIKXIEY WTMVMXIPI TIRXVY VITYFPMG.
R RSETXIE HI 24 MYRMI 1819, M^FYGRM QM#GEVIE: IE EZY WJV#MXYP
RIRSVSGMX TI GEVI P EY HI SFMGIM TVMQIPI RGIVGVM HI EGIWX JIP; SVMGI VIPMKMI
GEVI XVIFYMI W EMF ETSWXSPM, RGITI TVMR E EZIE QEVXMVM. 'MRIM GEVFSREVM JYV
QTY#GE'M, GIMPEP'M GSRHEQRE'M PE RGLMWSEVI TI ZME'; G'MZE, NYHIGE'M #M KWM'M
QEM TY'MR ZMRSZE'M, JYV RGLM#M TI XMQT HI ^IGI ERM RXV-S JSVXVIE'.
%XYRGM WIGXE, HIZIRMX QEM TVYHIRX, #M WGLMQF RYQIPI R EGIPE HI
7SGMIXEXIE PEXMR.
7YF RSYP IM RYQI, WSGMIXEXIE GEVFSREVMPSV, GSRWTMVE R 0SQFEVHME #M-#M
RXMRHIE VEQM3GE'MMPI R GIPIPEPXI TVSZMRGMM EPI -XEPMIM. R XSMYP YRYM FEP HEX PE
6SZMKS HI GSRXIPI 4SVKME, KYZIVRYP EYWXVMEG SVHSR EVIWXEVIE QEM QYPXSV
TIVWSERI #M, E HSYE ^M, HIGPEV ZMRSZEX HI REPX XVHEVI, SVMGI TIVWSER GEVI
W-EV 3 E3PMEX GEVFSREVMWQYPYM. (EV GIE QEM ZMSPIRX QM#GEVI WI TVSHYWI PE
2IETSPI. 'SPIXXE E3VQ, R MWXSVME PYM, G E3PME'MM HMR VIKEX WI VMHMGEY PE GMJVE
IRSVQ HI #EWI WYXI TEXVY^IGM #M HSY QMM GEVI, HYT YR HSGYQIRX E4
GERGIPEVMIM EYPMGI HMR :MIRE, EV 3 JSWX QEM QMG HIGX GIP VIEP. 2YQVYP
GEVFSREVMPSV, WTYRI EGIWX HSGYQIRX, WI VMHMG PE QEM QYPX HI STX WYXI HI QMM
R 6IKEXYP GIPSV (SY 7MGMPMM #M RY I\MWX RMGM S TSPM'MI, RMGM S WYTVEZIKLIVI GEVI
W TSEX WXZMPM S EWXJIP HI VIZVWEVI; E GIVI W 3I HMWXVYW EV 3 HIGM S
RIGLMF^YMR'. 1
R EGIPE#M XMQT, GRH EZIE PSG QM#GEVIE HI PE 2IETSPI, 6MIKS, YR EPX
QEVXMV GEVI E PWEX YR GRXIG EP QSV'MM, HIZIRMX R YVQ GRXIG EP ZMGXSVMIM,
VMHMGE, PE 1 MERYEVMI 1820, WXIEKYP PMFIVX'MM #M YR HIGVIX EP PYM *IVHMRERH EP :PP-
PIE 1 ZIWXIE G, R YVQE QERMJIWXVMM ZSMR'IM TSTSVYPYM, VIKIPI WI LSXVWI W
NYVI TI GSRWXMXY'ME TVSGPEQEX HI GXVI GSVXIW-YVMPI 2 KIRIVEPI #M
I\XVESVHMREVI HMR 1812.
RGLMWSVMPI, HIWGLM^RHY-WI, HHYV YR QMRMWXIV 7TERMIM.
*IVHMRERH - EP 2IETSPYPYM, R GEPMXEXIE WE HI MRJERXI EP 7TERMIM, XVIFYM,
HI#M VQRIE WYZIVER EFWSPYX, W NYVI WYTYRIVI GSRWXMXY'MIM WTERMSPI. %XYRGM
TEVG YR GYXVIQYV HI TQRX ^KYHYM 'EPEFVME, 'ETMXEREXYP #M 7EPIVRS.
+YZIVRYP RETSPMXER, WPEF, RIWMKYV, FRYMXSV, HIGVIX GXIZE VIJSVQI
MRWY3GMIRXI GEVI RY-P QTMIHMGEV TI KIRIVEPYP 4ITI3 W-#M JEG VIZSPY'ME TI
WIEQE PYM. 2IETSPI #M EZY, GE #M R 1798, KYZIVRYP WY TVSZM^SVMY #M S GEQIV
E VITVI^IRXER'MPSV.
(YT GXZE XMQT M^FYGRM, PE VRHYP IM, VIZSPY'ME TMIQSRXI^. R
HMQMRIE'E HI 10 QEVXMI, GTMXERYP GSRXI 4EPQE SVHSRE VIKMQIRXYPYM HMR
+IRSZE W TYR QRE TI EVQI #M WGSXIE EGIWX WXVMKX: 6IKIPI #M GSRWXMXY'ME
WTERMSP! % HSYE ^M, YR KYZIVR TVSZM^SVMY IVE WXEFMPMX R RYQIPI VIKEXYPYM
-XEPMIM; IP HIGPEVE V^FSM %YWXVMIM.
%WXJIP, VIZSPY'ME TSVRMX HMR %RGSRE, GYGIVMWI 2IETSPYP #M VIZIRMWI PE
8SVMRS. 8VIM 'ZYPGERM IVYTWIWIV R -XEPME, JV E-P QEM WSGSXM TI GIP HMR 7TERME,
MEV 0SQFEVHME WI EKMXE RXV-YR XVMYRKLM HI JSG.
6IKIPI :MGXSV-)QERYIP -, HYT GYQ RI EQMRXMQ, #M HHYWI GYZRXYP
73RXIM %PMER'I HI E RY JEGI TSTSVYPYM RMGM S GSRGIWMI.
9PXIVMSV, WTVI E VQRI GVIHMRGMSW JKHYMIPMM WEPI, VIKIPI :MGXSV-
)QERYIP EFHMG R JEZSEVIE JVEXIPYM WY 'EVSP-*IPM\ E4EX TI EXYRGM PE 1SHIRE
#M-P RYQM VIKIRX TI TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER, HIZIRMX ETSM VIKI WYF RYQIPI HI
'EVSP-%PFIVX.
4IRXVY TEXVMS'M, EGIEWX EFHMGEVI E YRYM TVMR' GY MRMQ MXEPMER, R
JEZSEVIE YRYM TVMR' HIZSXEX GY XSXYP %YWXVMIM, IVE S QEVI RIRSVSGMVI.
%WXJIP, 7ERXE-6SWE, YRYP HMRXVI TVMQMM TVSQSXSVM EM QM#GVMM, I\GPEQE: 3,
RSETXI HI 13 QEVXMI 1821, RSETXI JEXEP TIRXVY TEXVME QIE, GEVI RI-E
HIWGYVENEX TI XS'M, GEVI E JGYX W WI GSFSEVI EXXIE WTEHI VMHMGEXI RXVY
ETVEVIE TEXVMIM, GEVI E WTYPFIVEX EXXIE WGYQTI RHINHM! 'Y VIKIPI :MGXSV-
)QERYIP, RE'MSREPMXEXIE 4MIQSRXYPYM RZMRKIE; TEXVME IVE R VIKI, IE WI
TIVWSRM3GE R EGIEWX MRMQ PIEP #M RSM JGYWIQ EGIEWX VIZSPY'MI WXVMKRH:
'YVEN!. 4SEXI G RXV-S ^M IP RI ZE MIVXE HI E-P 3 JGYX VIKI TIWXI #EWI
QMPMSERI, HI MXEPMIRM. '
(EV RY XSM E#E IVE GY 'EVSP-*IPM\; WI VIZIRIE PE NYKYP %YWXVMIM #M XSXYP
XVIFYME PYEX HI PE RGITYX.
'Y XSEXI EGIWXIE, RY JY TMIVHYX SVMGI WTIVER'; PE 14 QEVXMI, TVMR'YP HI
'EVMKRER, GE VIKIRX, ETVY R FEPGSR; #M R QMNPSGMH RIWJV#MXIPSV EGPEQE'MM EPI
TSTSVYPYM, TVSGPEQ GSRWXMXY'ME 7TERMIM.
4IRXVY E ZIHIE GI MQIRW VWYRIX XVIFYME W EMF EGIWX JETX R ZMMXSV,
GYQ EZIE VIKIPI 'EVSP-%PFIVX W-P HI^QMRX RXV-S ^M TI TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER, W
GMXQ, RY RYQEM JETXYP GSRWXMXY'MIM TVSGPEQEXI GY ZSGI XEVI, HEV GLMEV #M XI\XYP
E3#YPYM GEVI E JSWX PMTMX TI >MHYVMPI HMR 8SVMRS.
-EX XVEHYGIVIE PYM PMXIVEP: R QSQIRXYP KVIY R GEVI RI E4Q, RI IWXI
GY RITYXMR' W RI RGLMHIQ R PMQMXIPI RKYWXI EPI VSPYPYM RSWXVY HI VIKIRX;
VIWTIGXYP #M WYTYRIVIE RSEWXV JE' HI QENIWXEXIE-WE 'EVSP-*IPM\, GVYME M-E
VIZIRMX XVSRYP, EV 3 XVIFYMX W RI WJXYMEWG W RI EF'MRIQ HI E EHYGI ZVIS
WGLMQFEVI PIKMPSV JYRHEQIRXEPI EPI VIKEXYPYM WEY HI E PI MRXMQE GIP TY'MR
TR EQ 3 GYRSWGYX MRXIR'MMPI RSYPYM RSWXVY WYZIVER; HEV GYQ RIGIWMXEXIE
QTVINYVVMPSV IWXI QERMJIWX #M GYQ, TI HI EPX TEVXI, RSM 'MRIQ W HQ
RSYPYM VIKI YR TSTSV WRXSW, '^HVEZR #M JIVMGMX #M RY YRYP KEXE ^HVSFMX HI
JEG'MYRMPI V^FSMYPYM GMZMP, EQ GRXVMX, TVMR YVQEVI, SVMGI PYGVY GY R'IPITGMYRI
#M EQ LSXVX, PE WJV#MXYP GSRWMPMYPYM RSWXVY #M R WTIVER'E G QENIWXEXIE-WE,
QTMRW HI EGIPIE#M GSRWMHIVIRXI, ZE RZIWXM LSXVVIE RSEWXV GY WYZIVERE
WE ETVSFEVI, EQ LSXVX, HYT GYQ EQ WTYW, IE GSRWXMXY'ME 7TERMIM W 3I
VIGYRSWGYX HVITX PIKI E WXEXYPYM, GY QSHM3GVMPI TI GEVI, HI GSQYR EGSVH, M
PI-EV EHYGI VIKIPI #M VITVI^IRXEVIE RE'MSREP.
'MRGM ERM HYT ETEVM'ME IM R -XEPME, MEX HIGM GI SF'MRI GEVFSRIVME: S
GSRWXMXY'MI R 7TERME, S GSRWXMXY'MI PE 2IETSPI, S GSRWXMXY'MI R 4MIQSRX.
(EV EGIEWXE HMR YVQ, YPXMQE RWGYX, EZIE W 3I #M GIE HMRXM
WYKVYQEX., R PSG W VIZMR PE +IRSZE, WEY PE 1MPERS, R PSG W ETVSFI #M W
GSRWSPMHI^I PMFIVX'MPI HEXI HI GXVI TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER, VIKIPI 'EVSP-*IPM\
HHIE PE 3 ETVMPMI YVQXSV, IHMGXYP TI GEVI P ZSQ GMXM: (EXSVME SVMGVYM
GIX'IER GVIHMRGMSW 3MRH EGIIE HI E WI WYTYRI HMR XSEX MRMQE SVHMRIM
PYGVYVMPSV TI GEVI S E4 WXEFMPMX HI (YQRI^IY #M HI I\IVGMXEVIE EYXSVMX'MM
WYZIVERI, HIGPEV G, ZIRMRH HI PE RWY#M (YQRI^IY, HI RSM HITMRHI W EPIKIQ
QMNPSEGIPI TI GEVI PI ZSQ NYHIGE QEM TSXVMZMXI WTVI E HSFRHM FMRIPI; TVMR
YVQEVI, RIZSMRH GE ZVIYR WYTYW GVIHMRGMSW W QYVQYVI QTSXVMZE QWYVMPSV
TI GEVI WSGSXMQ RIGIWEV W PI PYQ, TYFPMGQ, HVITX VIKYP HI GSRHYMX E
3IGVYME, G RY VIGYRSE#XIQ GE WYTY#M GVIHMRGMS#M HIGX TI GIM GI WI ZSV
WYTYRI MQIHMEX, GSRHM'MSRRH HI EGIEWX WYTYRIVI RXSEVGIVIE RSEWXV R
WXEXIPI RSEWXVI/5
"M R EGIPE#M XMQT R GEVI VIKIPI 'EVSP-*IPM\ HHIE EGIWX IHMGX, QSHIP NPI
SVFMVI, HI TVSWXMI #M HI RGT'REVI, IP RYQIE S GSQMWMI QMPMXEV RWVGMREX
W ME GYRS#XMR' HI HIPMGXIPI HI XVHEVI, HI VIFIPMYRI #M HI RIWYTYRIVI GEVI
WI WZV#MWIV(MR JIVMGMVI, TVMRGMTEPMM, E#E-^M#M, GVMQMREPM, EHMG GIM EPI GVSV
RYQI WYRX EWX^M RYQIPI KPSVMSEWI EPI 4MIQSRXYPYM, JYKMWIV.
'SQMWME RYQMX, HI 'EVSP-*IPM\ RY-#M TMIVHY XMQTYP. 7-EY Z^YX VIKM
HYGRH. 0MTW HI GPM, RMGMSHEX RW HI NYHIGXSVM: R GMRGM PYRM, XVMFYREPYP
NYHIG S WYX #ETXI^IGM #M STX HI TIVWSERI, GSRHEQRRH HMRXVI IM #ETXI^IGM #M
XVIM PE QSEVXI #M PE GSR3WGEVIE EZIVMM, MEV TI GIMPEP'M PE RGLMWSEVI #M PE SGR.
(MRXVI GSRHEQRE'MM PE QSEVXI, #EM^IGM IVEY EFWIR'M #M EY JSWX WTR^YVE'M
WMQFSPMG.
7 RYQMQ TI G'MZE HMRXVI EGI#XM FVFE'M, TIRXVY GE W WI ZEH FMRI
GMRI IVEY GIM TI GEVI M PSZIE EGIEWX TYXIVI WXYTMH HI EFWSPYX, GEVI HI PE
8EVUYMRYW RGSEGI R-E #XMYX RMGMSHEX W HSFSEVI HIGX GIPI QEM REPXI #M QEM
MRXIPMKIRXI GETIXI.
)VEY: PSGSXIRIRXYP 4EVME, PSGSXIRIRXYP %RWEPHM, QIHMGYP 6EXE^^M,
MRKMRIVYP %TTMERM, EZSGEXYP (SWWIRE, EZSGEXYP 0Y^^M, GTMXERYP &EVSRMW,
GSRXIPI &MERGS, GSPSRIPYP 6IKMW, QEMSVYP 7ERXE-6SWE, GTMXERYP 0I#MS, GSPSRIPYP
'EWEKPMS, QEMSVYP 'SPPIKRS, GTMXERYP 6HMGI, GSPSRIPYP 1SVS^^S, TVMR'YP (IPPE
'MWXIVRE, GTMXERYP *IVEWWS, GTMXERYP 4EGLMEVSXXM, EZSGEXYP 1EVSGLIXXM,
WYFPSGSXIRIRXYP %R^^ERE, EZSGEXYP 6EZMRE.
R XSXEP #EWI S3'IVM WYTIVMSVM, XVIM^IGM HI WYFS3'IVM, GMRGM QIHMGM, ^IGI
EZSGE'M, YR TVMR'; GY XS'MM MPY#XVM TVMR HEVYVMPI MRXIPMKIR'IM, GY XS'MM VIQEVGEFMPM
TVMR GEPMX'MPI MRMQMM.
(SM JYWIWIV EVIWXE'M #M I\IGYXE'M: PSGSXIRIRXYP HI GEVEFMRMIVM +MER-
&EXXMWXE 0REVM #M GTMXERYP +MEGSQS +EVIPPM. )\IGY'ME EZY PSG, TIRXVY TVMQYP,
PE 2 MYPMI, MEV TIRXVY GIPPEPX, PE 25 EYKYWX.
9RYP HMR TVMRGMTEPMM ZMRSZE'M IVE JV RHSMEP 'EVSP-%PFIVX. )P TVSGPEQEWI
GSRWXMXY'ME, RY GYQ EY WTYW-S TEVXM^ERMM WM WYF GVIHMR'E ETVSFVMM PYM 'EVSP-
*IPM\, GM R EGI#XM XIVQIRM, GEVI WYRX HITEVXI HI. % JEGI PSG ZVIYRIM VI^IVZI:
2IPPE 3HYGME GLI 7YE 1EIWX MP VI QSWWS HEPMI WXIWWI GSRWMHIVE/MSRM, 7%6%
4)6 6-:)78-6) UYIWXE HIPMFIVE^MSRI HIPPE WYE WSZVERE ETTVSZE^MSRI: PE
GSRWXMXY^MSRI HM 7TEKRE 7%6% 463190+%8% ) 377)6:%8% '31) 0)++)
()003 78%83':1
%WXJIP, PE TVMQMVIE WGVMWSVMM GI-M RSXM3GE VIJY^YP VIKIPYM 'EVSP-*IPM\, TVMR'YP
HI 'EVMKRER EPIVK PE 1SHIRE; HEV VIKIPI VIJY^ W-P TVMQIEWG #M HYGIPI M
HHY SVHMR W TVWIEWG WXEXIPI WEPI. 4VMR 'YP HI 'EVMKRER WI VIXVEWI PE
*PSVIR'E TI 9RK QEVIPI HYGI HI 8SWGERE; TIRXVY 'EVSP-%PFIVX RY IVE ZSVFE
HI YR WMQTPY I\MP WEY HI S HM^KVE'MI QSQIRXER, IVE ZSVFE HI TMIVHIVIE
XVSRYPYM 4MIQSRXYPYM. 7I VWTRHM ^ZSRYP TSXVMZMX GVYME 'EVSP-*IPM\ EV PWE
GSVSERE HYGIPYM HI 1SHIRE #M G EGIWXE, GEVI TMIVHYWI XVSRYP R YVQE
GSRWTMVE'MMPSV TVMR'MPSV MXEPMIRM QTSXVMZE %YWXVMIM, HI EWX-HEX #M-EV EXMRKI
WGSTYP IXIVRIPSV WEPI HSVMR'M.
4VMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER #M RGVIHMR' WSEVXE GSRXIPYM HI PE 1EMWSRJSVX,
QMRMWXVYP RSWXVY PE *PSVIR'E. 'SRXIPI HI PE 1EMWSRJSVX M WGVMWI RHEX PYM
0YHSZMG EP <:----PIE.
-EX YR JVEKQIRX HMR WGVMWSEVIE QMRMWXVYPYM RSWXVY: 4IRXVY E-P HITSWIHE
TI TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER HI QS#XIRMVIE PYM, IWXI ZSVFE W 3I GLIQEX PE XVSR
HYGIWE HI 1SHIRE, 3MGE QEM QEVI E VIKIPYM :MGXSV. %GIEWX Y#YVMR' HI E
RHITVXE GEWE HI 7EZSME HI PE YR XVSR TI GEVI IE P-E JSRHEX, EGIEWX
MRKVEXMXYHMRI, WIQR EP WIGSPYPYM R GEVI XVMQ, RY TSEXI W 3I QTVX#MX, RMGM
WYW'MRYX HI #IJYP YRIM GEWI HI STXWTVI^IGI SVM EPMEX GY IE #M EGIEWX TSPMXMG
RY TSEXI W 3I GIE E KYZIVRYPYM JVERGI^, GEVI EVI GIP TY'MR HVITXYP HI E
TVIXMRHI MRHITIRHIR'E HITPMR E WYZIVERYPYM GEVI HI'MRI GLIME -XEPMIM. )X
0YHSZMG EP <:----PIE JY HI TVIVIE QMRMWXVYPYM WY; IP WGVMWI TVMR'YPYM HI
'EVMKRER G-M SJIVIE YR VIJYKMY PE GYVXIE *VER'IM )VE GE #M GYQ M-EV 3 ^MW: 2-EM
W XI XIQM HI RMQMG, MEY MRXIVIWIPI XEPI R QMRMPI QIPI #M RY ZSM RKHYM GE
EPXGMRIZE R EJEV HI XMRI W 3I VIKIPI 4MIQSRXYPYM, RXV-EHIZV, VIKIPI GEVI
EGSVHEWI GLEVXE TSTSVYPYM WY, RY TYXIE W GSRWMHIVI S GVMQ HMR TEVXIE YRMMM
TVMR' HI E 3 JKHYMX RE'MYRMM PYM S GSRWXMXY'MI GI RY JYWIWI VIGYRSWGYX.
(EV XVIFYME GE TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER W WI TSG4 MEWG R JE'E 73RXIM
%PMER'I.
(MR GIPI XVIM GSRWXMXY'MM RWGYXI HMR GEVFSRE3VMWQ, YRE, GIE E
4MIQSRXYPYM, JYWIWI WYKVYQEX PE RE#XIVIE IM, HI TVSTVMMPI QMRM EPI VIKIPYM
'EVSP-*IPM\; GIEPEPX, GIE HI PE 2IETSPI, JYWIWI RMQMGMX HI MRZE^ME EYWXVMEG;
GIE HI E XVIME, WMRKYVE WYTVEZMI'YMXSEVI, EZIE W 3I WTYPFIVEX HI MRXIVZIR'ME
JVERGI^.
7I MQTYRIE GE TVMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER GEVI TVSGPE-# J QEWI. 'SRWXMXY'ME
7TERMIM PE 8SVMRS W WI HYG W PYTXI, PE 1EHVMH QTSXVMZE GSRWXMXY'MIM 7TERMIM.
&YXYVE GI YVQE W-S RKLMX IVE EQEV; HEV. 11EG 4EVMWYP QIVMXE S
PMXYVKLMI, 4MIQSRXYP QIVMXE S HSGXSVMI.
4VMR'YP HI 'EVMKRER #M EWGYRWI VS#IE'E WYF FPERE QM'SEW E YRIM GGMYPM
HI KVIREHMIV, PY TEVXI PE GEQTERME HMR 7TERME #M JY YRYP HMR RZMRKXSVMM HI.
0E 8VSGEHIVS, EWXJIP RGX PE QSEVXIE PYM 'EVSP-*IPM\, PE 21 ETVMPMI 1831, TVMR'YP
HI 'EVMKRER WI YVG. *V TVIE QEVI KVIYXEXI TI XVSR WYF RYQIPI HI 'EVSP-
%PFIVX.
%YWXVME, GEVI EV 3 TVIJIVEX W ZEH EGSPS TI EVLMHYGIPI HI 1SHIRE,
TVSXIWX; IE P TVI^IRX VIKMPSV TI 'EVSP-%PFIVX GE TI YR GEVFSREV #M,
GEVFSREVMPSV, TI 'EVSP-%PFIVX GE TI YR XVHXSV.
%YWXVME QMR'IE HI HSY SVM.
'EVSP-%PFIVX RY IVE GEVFSREV; R TVSGPEQE'ME TVMR GEVI HHY
GSRWXMXY'ME EVX G JYWIWI GSRWXVRW #M WMPMX W HIE EGIEWX TVSGPEQE'MI.
'EVSP-%PFIVX RIPYRHY-#M YR ERKENEQIRX TIVWSREP, RY IVE YR XVHXSV,
IVE HSEV YR TVMR' GEVI S. :IE EQFM'ME WU ENYRK VIKI.
6Y#MRIE HI E WI HYGI PE GIPPEPX GETX EP )YVSTIM TIRXVY E WYTVMQE
GSRWXMXY'ME TI GEVI S TVSGPEQEWI PE 8SVMRS IVE #XIEVW HI GYVENYP KVIREHMIVYPYM
P WSPHEXYP P EFWSPZMWI TI TVMR'.
(IP 4S^^S M WGVME HMR I\MPYP WY HI PE 0SRHVE: 8IVQIRMM HI QMNPSG #M
NYQX'MPI HI QWYV RY WPYNIWG PE RMQMG #M RY JEG W WI REMRXI^I GY RMQMG R
TSPMXMG; 4-)132890 :6)% 92 6)+) '3278-89&-32%0 9R EPX TEXVMSX1 GI-#M
TWXV ERSRMQEXYP, M WGVMWI: 4YRI'M-Z R JVYRXIE RE'MYRMM, WGVMI'M TI WXIEKYP
ZSWXVY: 92-6), 0-&)68%8), -2()4)2()2&%. (IGPEVE'M-Z V^FYRXSVYP #M
MRXIVTVIXYP HVITXYPYM TSTYPEV. -YXMMYPE'M-Z VIKIRIVEXSVYP -XEPMIM, IPMFIVE'M-S HI
FEVFEVM, GSRWXVYM'M ZMMXSVYP, HE'M YR RYQI YRYM WIGSP, JSRHE'M S IV GEVI W
RGIET HI PE ZSM. *M'M MYR 2ETSPISR EP PMFIVX'MM MXEPMIRI. >ZVPM'M %YWXVMIM, S
HEX GY QRY#E ZSEWXV, RYQIPI -XEPMIM: EGIWX RYQI WXVZIGLM ZE JEGI QMRYRM;
JEGI'M ETIP PE XSX GI I QEVI #M KIRIVSW R TIRMRWYP. 9R XMRIVIX R4GVEX,
GYVENSW, RWY4I'MX HI GIPI HSY QEVM TEWMYRM GEVI-M JEH TI IVSM, YVE #M KPSVME,
XVMI#XI HI QYPX ZVIQI GY YR WMRKYV KRH #M RY JEGI HIGX W WYWTMRI HYT
GPMTE GEVI W-P TYR R QM#GEVI; GLIQE'M-P PE EVQI, PWE'M SVE#IPI #M JSVXVI'IPI
R TE^E GIX'IRMPSV; #M, IPMFIVEX EWXJIP HI SVMGI EPX KVMN R EJEV HI EGIIE HI
E RZMRKI, HE'M-M EZRXYP. %HYRE'M R NYVYP ZSWXVY TI XS'M GIM TI GEVI VIRYQIPI
M-E TVSGPEQEX QEVM TVMR. -RXIPMKIR', TYXIVRMGM TVMR GYVEN, RITXE'M HI EZEVM'MI,
PMTWM'M HI EQFM'MM NSWRMGI. -RWTMVE'M, R WJV#MX, RGVIHIVI QYP'MQMM, WTYPMFIVRHY-
M XSEXI RHSMIPMPI HIWTVI MRXIR'MMPI ZSEWXVI #M GIVRH ENYXSVYP XYXYVSV SEQIRMPSV
PMFIVM; WMVI, Z WTYR EHIZVYP: SEQIRMM PMFIVM Z E#XIETX VWTYRWYP TVMR
EG'MYRM; HEV, SVMGEVI EV 3 IPI, 3'M WMKYV G TSWXIVMXEXIE ZE TVSGPEQE R ZSM 3I TI
TVMQYP HMRXVI SEQIRM, 3I TI YPXMQYP HMRXVI XMVERMM MXEPMIRM. %PIKI'M!
'IIE GI JEGI RXV-EHIZV HMR VIKM EPI#MM (SQRYPYM, I JETXYP G PSV XVIFYMI
W PM WI WGVMI EWXJIP HI WGVMWSVM; HEG VIKIPI 'EVSP-%PFIVX EV 3 YVQEX WJEXYVMPI
GSVIWTSRHIRXYPYM WY ERSRMQ, GY WMKYVER' G IP EV 3 RGITYX GY +SMXS, HEV
TVSFEFMP G R-EV 3 WJV#MX GY 2SZEV.
'EVSP-%PFIVX EVYRG WGVMWSEVIE R JSG #M, R PSG W QIEVK TI HVYQYP PEVK
GI-M IVE HIWGLMW, S ETYG TI TSXIGE RKYWX E YRIM TSPMXMGM RXSVXSGLMEXI.
RGITRH HMR EGIWX QSQIRX, VYTXYVE WI TVSHYWI RXVI VIKIPI 7EVHMRMIM #M
8RMVE -XEPMI.
8P26% -8%0-)! 'EQ R EGIEWX ITSG EY JSWX VSWXMXI, TIRXVY TVMQE SEV
EGIWXI HSY GYZMRXI.
(MR GMRI WI GSQTYRIE IE TI EXYRGM# (MR +MYWITTI 1E^^MRM, RISFSWMXYP
TVSQSXSV EP YRMX'MM MXEPMIRI, TI GETYP GVYME -XEPME E TYW QEM RXM GSVSERE HI
PEYVM E ZMGXSVMIM, MEV EWX^M TYRI GSVSERE HI WTMRM E MRKVEXMXYHMRMM. +MYWITTI
1E^^MRM, HI-EFME GYRSWGYX PE EGIE ITSG TVMR GXIZE TYFPMGE'MM TEXVMSXMGI,
LV'YMX HI TSPM'ME HMR 1MPERS, WI VIJYKMEWI PE 1EVWMPME, YRHI TYRIE TVMQE TMEXV
E MQIRWIM STIVI RXVITVMRWI HI IP, XVMQM'RH GY QMM HI HM3GYPX'M R 4MIQSRX,
I\IQTPEVI HMR TYFPMGE'ME WE 8RVE -XEPMI.
2SFMPMM #M TVIS'MM TMIQSRXI^M GEVI TYWIWIV WXTRMVI TI WTMVMXYP PYM 'EVSP-
%PFIVX, XVIQYVEV GRH EY^MV VWYRRH HERKXYP HI EPEVQ EP GYKIXVMM. (I
HSM ERM HI GRH TVMRWIWIV VHGMRM PE GYVXI, IM #M TYXYWIV GRXVM TYXIVIE; #M,
HI#M P GYRS#XIEY TI VIKIPI 'EVSP-%PFIVX #M RITSXSPMXE PYM WIXI HI TSTYPEVMXEXI,
HI#M IP JVEXIVRM^E TI JE' IY %YWXVME, PI IVE XIEQ XSXY#M GE RXV-S FYR ^M W
RY WI VIHI#XITXI R IP, W RY ^MGIQ ZVIYR JIVQIRX HI PMFIVEPMWQ, GM ZVIS
WGRXIMI HI EQFM'MI7I #XME G R RST'MPI PYM HI JVQRXEVI, E#E GYQ EY VIKMM,
'EVSP-%PFIVX ZMWE XVSRYP -XEPMIM. -RW TI EGIWX XVSR, IP RY TYXIE W WI YVGI HIGX
HRH RYRE GY 6IZSPY'ME: XVSRYP -XEPMIM RY IVE R TYXIVIE VIKMPSV, GM E
TSTSEVIPSV.
8VIFYME HIGM W TYR S FEVMIV RXVI IP #M TEXVMS'M.
RXV-S ^M, YR EWEWMR GY XSK HI NYHIGXSV, WI VMHMG #M ^MWI:
) XMQTYP W-P JEGIQ W WMQX KYWXYP WRKIPYM.
R EGIIE#M ^M, VIKIPI 'EVSP-%PFIVX JY TVIZIRMX. G R EVQEX WI YV^IE
QTSXVMZE PYM YR QEVI GSQTPSX; EGIWX GSQTPSX, M WI WTYWI, YVQVIE W-P
HIXVSRI^I.
*ETXIPI JYV HIREXYVEXI, TVMQINHMMPI I\EKIVEXI: EY JSWX EXMRWI XSEXI
3FVIPI SQYPYM #M EPI TVMR'YPYM, TIRXVY E-M MRSGYPE XSEX EGIE WTEMQ HI QSVXI,
HI GEVI EZIEY RIZSMI EGI#XM SEQIRM GI WI MRXMXYPIE^ WEPZEXSVMM QSREVLMMPSV.
%Y HIRYR'EX, EY QMR'MX, EY GEPSQRMEX #M WIXIE HI WRKI E JSWX R QSH
EFMP XVI^MX R TMITXYP VIKEP GSQMWMI I\XVESVHMREV JY MRWXMXYMX PE 8SVMRS, WTVI E
GSRHYGI, TVRXV-S YRMG HMVIG'MI, XSEXI WYTPMGMMPI 4MIQSRXYPYM.
4VMQE ZMSPEVI E GSHYPYM TIREP E JSWX HIGM^ME GSQMWMIM GE XS'M EGY^E'MM
QMPMXEVM WEY GMZMPM W 3I NYHIGE'M HI YR GSRWMPMY HI V^FSM 'Y EGIWX TVMPIN W-E HEX
VWTYRWYP QIQSVEFMP TI GEVI-P ZSQ GMXE: 9R S3'IV, GEVI PYE TEVXI GE NYHIGXSV
R GSRWMPMYP HI ERGLIX, RXVIF YR NYVMWGSRWYPX HIWTVI GXIZE TVMRGMTMM HI
HVITX GVMQMREP. .YVMWGSRWYPXYP M VWTYRWI G TVMQE FE^ E SVMGVIM PIKM, G
TVMQE VIKYP E SVMGVYM GSH IVE EGIEWXE: 9R GSRWMPMY HI ERGLIX QMPMXEV
XVIFYMI W WI HIGPEVI MRGSQTIXIRX W-M NYHIGI TI GIX'IRM
%WXE RY RI IWXI GY TYXMR', VWTYRWI S3'IVYP; KIRIVEPYP E SVHSREX W
RI HIGPEVQ GSQTIXIR'M.
"M, HI HEXE EGIEWXE, SVHMRYP KIRIVEPYPYM E GSRWXMXYMX XIQIMYP PIKMM, VIKYPE
GSHYPYM.
4VMQYP GEVI TX GY WRKIPI PYM TYVTYVE RSYPYM VIKI, JY GETSVEPYP
8EQFYVIPPM; IP JY QTY#GEX HMR WTEXI, TIRXVY GVMQE HI E 3 GMXMX WSPHE'MPSV PYM
8RVE -XEPMI.
%P HSMPIE JY PSGSXIRIRXYP 8SPPE, ZMRSZEX HI E 3 EZYX R QR GV'M
WIHM'MSEWI #M, GYRSWGRH GSQTPSXYP, HI E RY-P 3 HIRYR'EX.
'E #M 8EQFYVIPPM, IP JY QTY#GEX HMR WTEXI.
4IHIETWE EWXE IVE S MRZIR'MI MRKIRMSEW E QEKMWXVEXYVMM TMIQSRXI^I GE
W EWMQMPI^I WYTPMGMYP QTY#GVMM GY GIP EP WTR^YVVMM.
2Y IVE HI-ENYRW W SQSVM, XVIFYME W RGIVGM W #M HI^SRSVI^M. 0E 7
MYRMI, JYV QTY#GE'M, XSX HMR WTEXI, WIVKIRXYP 1MKPMS, +MYWITTI &MKPME #M
%RXSRMS +EZSPPM.
8S'M EGI#XM FVFE'M EY QYVMX HRH HSZEHE YRYM EHQMVEFMP GYVEN.
.EGSTS 6Y5RM WI E4E RGLMW R XIQRM'IPI HMR XYVRYP +IRSZIM. 7-EY JSPSWMX
XSEXI QMNPSEGIPI TIRXVY E-M WPFM JSV'IPI: PMTW HI LVER, PMTW HI WSQR. )P WMQ'M
G WPFIE RY RYQEM 3^MG, HEV #M QSVEP. ,SXV W RY E#XITXI E 3 TYW W EPIEK
RXVI QSEVXI #M VY#MRI. 8IQRHY-WI G RY ZE QEM EZIE TYXIVIE W EPIEK
QSEVXIE R ^MYE GRH EV XVIFYM W-S JEG, HIWTVMRWI S PEQ HI 3IV HMR Y#E
RGLMWSVMM, S EWGY'M #M-#M XMI FIVIKEXE.
R WTEWQIPI EKSRMIM, QEM KWM XMQTYP W WGVMI TI ^MH, GY ZVJYP HIKIXYPYM
QYMEX R WRKIPI PYM: 0EW -XEPMIM, TVMR XIWXEQIRX, V^FYREVIE QIE11.
'RH MRXVEV HMQMRIE'E, R GEQIVE PYM, P KWMV QSVX.
0E +IRSZE, JYV QTY#GE'M 0YGMERS, 4MEGIR^E #M 0SYMW 8YV2W 0E
%PI\ERHVME: (SQIRMGS *IVVEVM, +MYWITTI 1IREVHM, +MYWITTI &MKERS, %QERHM
'SWXE, +MSZERRM 1EVMRM.
4I YVQ ZIRM VRHYP PYM %RHVIE :SGGLMIVM.
'E #M PYM .EGSTS 6Y5RM, M ZSQ GSRWEGVE PYM %RHVIE :SGGLMIVM GXIZE
VRHYVM.
9R GSRHEQREX HMR %PI\ERHVME, GEVI WYTVEZMI'YM RHIPYRKEXIPSV XSVXYVM HI
PE *IRIWXVIPPE, E PWEX R 1IQSVMMPI WEPI TSZIWXMVIE EKSRMIM PYM %RHVIE
:SGGLMIVM.
1EM RXM, WTYWI, ZSVFMRH HIWTVI IP RWY#M, QM W-EY PYEX GV'MPI GI WI
GSQTYRIEY HMRXV-S &MFPMI, S GYPIKIVI HI VYKGMYRM GVI#XMRI #M HMRXV-S ,MWXSMVI
HIW GETYGMRW MPPYWXVIW HY 4MIQSRX6; ETSM QM W-EY TYW 3EVI PE TMGMSEVI, #M EQ
JSWX HYW RXVS EPX GIPYP QEM YQIH, QEM RIEKM', QEM QYVHEV HIGX TVMQE,
GY JIVIWXVI GY KVEXMM HYFPI #M Y#M GY HSY PEGXI; EGIEWX GIPYP IVE EPXYVM HI
GIE E WVQERYPYM :SGGLMIVM; GXIZE GVTXYVM, TVSWX EWXYTEXI, RKHYMEY W-QM
EVYRG TVMZMVIE, HMR RGLMWSEVIE QIE RXV-E PYM #M S PYQMR WPEF, GI WI
RXVI^VIE EGSPS, QM RKHYM W-P ZH. )VE GYPGEX TI S FERG JSEVXI WXVMGEX, #M
EZIE 3EVI PE TMGMSEVI;
1 -WXSVMI E GETYGMRMPSV MPY#XVM HMR 4MIQSRX (JV.).
HSM KEVHMIRM WXXIEY HI S TEVXI #M HI EPXE, GY WEFME WGSEW; YR TE^RMG,
REVQEX GY TY#G, T^IE Y#E. (SQRIE S XGIVI EHRG R EGIEWX
RXYRIGSEW GIPYP; WSPHE'MM TVIEY QEM GSRWXIVRE'M GLMEV HIGX TVM^SRMIVYP;
HMR XMQT R XMQT, HSM GPYKVM GETYGMRM ZIRIEY W-P ZEH #M W-P RXVIEWG. 0-
EQ EZYX EWXJIP HMREMRXIE SGLMPSV #M RY Q-EQ TYXYX QTMIHMGE W RY-P TVMZIWG,
SVMGX HI QEVI HYVIVI WMQ'IEQ W-P ZH EWXJIP, XMQT HI S WTXQR RXVIEK.
R WJV#MX, RXV-S ^M P-EY PYEX: P HYGIEY PE QSEVXI41.
(EV GIIE GI RY TSZIWXI#XI TVM^SRMIVYP, GGM RY TYXIE W-S #XMI, IWXI G
:SGLMIVM JY HYW PE QSEVXI TI HVYQYP GIP QEM PYRK; I EHIZVEX G EGIWX HVYQ
XVIGIE TVMR JE'E GEWIM WEPI, YRHI PSGYMEY WSVE, WS'ME #M GIM HSM GSTMM EM WM.
7TIVEY G, VIZ^RH GIIE GI MYFIE QEM QYPX TI PYQI, GSRHEQREXMHYM M
ZE WPFM GYVENYP #M ZE JEGI QVXYVMWMVM.'
(EV, ^QFMRH XVMWX, IP ^MWI:
)M EY YMXEX G TI PYQIE EWXE I\MWX YR PYGVY TI GEVI-P MYFIWG QEM QYPX
HIGX TI WSV, TI WS'MI #M GSTMM: IWXI -XEPME. 8VMEWG -XEPME!
%TSM, RXSVGRHY-WI WTVI ^FMVMM GEVI EZIEY W-P QTY#XI R PSGYP
WSPHE'MPSV, PI WTYWI EGIWXI GYZMRb XI: 7 QIVKIQ!
9R WJIVX HI SV QEM XV^MY, GHIE GMYVYMX HI #EWI KPSER'I.
%GYQE, 'EVSP-%PFIVX JGIE TEVXI HMR JEQMPME VIKMPSV HMR 7JLMXE %PMER', GE
#M TETE, VIKIPI 2IETSPYPYM, *VERGMWG EP -:-PIE #M *IVHMRERH EP :PP-PIE: EZIE
QMRMPI RVS#MXI HI WRKIPI TSTSVYPYM WY.
R ZVIQIE EGIIE WI E4E PE 2MWE YR SQ XRV GEVI TVMZIE GYVKRH XSX
EGIWX WRKI, NYVRHY-#M W-#M GSRWEGVI ZME'E GYPXYPYM EGIPIM PMFIVX'M R RYQIPI
GVIME GHIEY EX'ME QEVXMVM.
%GIWX XRV, TI EXYRGM R ZVWX HI HSY^IGM #M #EWI HI ERM, IVE
+MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM.
7-P PWQ W ZSVFIEWG #M W TSZIWXIEWG IP RWY#M QMRYREXIPI
IZIRMQIRXI EPI EZIRXYVSEWIM WEPI I\MWXIR'I.
%0, (91%7 1)136--0) 09- +-97)44) +%6-&%0(- 4%68)% 28- 4VMR'MM
QIM 1-EQ RWGYX PE 2MWE PE 4 MYPMI 1807, RY RYQEM R EGIIE#M GEW, HEV GLMEV
R EGIIE#M GEQIV R GEVI E Z^YX PYQMRE ^MPIM #M 1EW#IRE -PYWXVYP QEVI#EP IVE,
HYT GYQ WI #XMI, 3YP YRYM FVYXEV. 0E TEVXIVYP GEWIM I\MWX GLMEV #M EWX^M S
FVYXVMI.
(EV QEM REMRXI HI E ZSVFM HIWTVI QMRI, W-QM 3I RKHYMX W WTYR YR
IYZRX HIWTVI QMRYRE'MM QIM TVMR'M, EP GVSV GEVEGXIV GMRWXMX #M E G'VSV
RI'VQYVMX MYFMVI EY EZYX EXXE MR4YIR' EWYTVE IHYGE'MIM GE #M EWYTVE
RWY#MVMPSV QIPI 3^MGI.
8EXP QIY, (SQIRMGS +EVMFEPHM, RWGYX PE 'LMEZEVM, IVE 3Y HI QEVMREV #M
IP RWY#M SQ EP QVMM; SGLMM PYM, HIWGLM^RHY-WI, Z^YV QEVIE, TI RXMRWYP
GVIME EZIE W-#M TIXVIEG ETVSETI XSEX ZME'E. (IWMKYV, IVE HITEVXI HI E
EZIE GYRS#XMR'IPI GEVI WYRX ETERENYP HSEV EP GXSVZE SEQIRM E4E'M R WMXYE'ME
WE #M QEM EPIW EP GIPSV HMR ZVIQIE RSEWXV.
#M JGYWI IHYGE'ME HI REZMKEXSV RY RXV-S #GSEP WTIVMEP, GM TI ZEWIPI
FYRMGYPYM QIY. 1EM XV^MY, GSQERHEWI YR ZEW TVSTVMY #M S WGSWIWI XSXHIEYRE
FMRI PE GETX. %ZIVIE PYM E WYJIVMX RIRYQVEXI 4YGXYE'MM, YRIPI JIVMGMXI, EPXIPI
RIJIVMGMXI #M EHIWIE EQ EY^MX WTYRRHY-WI G EV 3 TYXYX W RI PEWI QEM FSKE'M
HIGX E JGYX-S.
(EV HIWTVI EWXE, TVIE TY'MR QM TEW. )VE PMFIV, FMIXYP XEXE, W-#M
GLIPXYMEWG HYT GYQ TSJXIE FERMM G#X. -KE'M GY EXXE XVYH, MEV IY M WYRX
VIGYRSWGXSV #M TIRXVY FVYQE HI EZIVI TI GEVI QM-E PWEX-S. (I EPXJIP, HI YR
PYGVY RY Q RHSMIWG GXY#M HI TY'MR #M ERYQI G HMR XS'M FERMM TI GEVI M-E
EVYRGEX TI JIVIEWXV, GIM GEVI M-EY EPYRIGEX TVMRXVI HIKIXI GY GIE QEM QEVI
TPGIVI WYRX GIM TI GEVI M-E JSPSWMX TIRXVY IHYGE'ME QIE, GY XSEXI G EGIEWX
IHYGE'MI E JSWX S KVIE PSZMXYV TIRXVY WXEVIE R GEVI WI KWIE EZIVIE PYM.
7 RY WI GVIEH XSXY#M G IHYGE'ME QIE E JSWX GXY#M HI TY'MR
EVMWXSGVEXMG. 2Y, XEXP QIY RY Q-E TYW W RZ' RMGM KMQREWXMGE, RMGM
QRYMVIE EVQIPSV, RMGM GPVME. %Q RZ'EX KMQREWXMGE WYMRHY-Q TI SHKSERI
#M HRHY-QM HVYQYP TI JVRKLMM; WGVMQE, ETVRHY-QM GETYP #M RGIVGRH W
GVT GX QEM FMRI GETIXIPI GIPSVPEP'M; MEV GPVME, PYRH TMPH HI PE TVMQMM
GPVI'M HMR PYQI, EHMG HI PE KEYGLSW.
7MRKYVYP I\IVGM'MY HMR XMRIVI'IE QIE #M RMGM TIRXVY EGIWXE R-EQ EZYX
TVSJIWSV E JSWX RSXYP. 'RH #M GYQ EQ RZ'EX W RSX, RY-QM EQMRXIWG; QM
WI TEVI G EQ #XMYX HMRXSXHIEYRE, #M G Q-EQ RWGYX EQ3FMI. %WXJIP, HI#M RY
WYRX TVIE HMWTYW W-QM EHYG SWEREPI, PYGVY HI EPXJIP TI GEVI-P #XMY XS'M GIM GI
Q GYRSWG, ZSM WTYRI HSEV, JV W GVIH G EWXE GSRWXMXYMI S PEYH, G WYRX
YRYP HMR GIM QEM WXVE#RMGM RSXXSVM GEVI I\MWX. 2Y XVIFYMI HIGM W QM WI
EXVMFYMI RMGM YR QIVMX, #XMYX 3MRH RGVIHIVIE TI GEVI S EQ R QMRI, TIRXVY
JETXYP G R-EQ #SZMX RMGMSHEX W Q EVYRG R ET TIRXVY E WEPZE ZME'E
ZVIYRYME HMRXVI WIQIRMM QIM.
(I EPXJIP, HEG XEXP QIY RY Q-E TYW W RZ' XSEXI EGIWXI I\IVGM'MM,
EWXE E JSWX QEM QYPX HMR ZMRE XMQTYVMPSV HIGX GM RXV-E WE. R EGIE XVMWX ITSG,
TVIS'MM IVEY WXTRMM EFWSPY'M EM 4MIQSRXYPYM #M WJSV'VMPI PSV GSRXMRYI, QYRGE
PSV EWMHY XMRHIEY QEM HIKVEF W JEG HMR XMRIVM GPYKVM MRYXMPM #M PIRI#M
HIGX GIX'IRM R WXEVI W WPYNIEWG RIJIVMGMXE RSEWXV 'EV. 4I PRK EGIEWXE,
HVEKSWXIE EHRG TI GEVI RI-S TYVXE FMIXYP QIY XEX, P JGIE W WI XIEQ
TR #M HI YQFVE SVMGVYM WXYHMY GI-EV 3 TYXYX W HIZMR, QEM XV^MY, S
TVMQINHMI TIRXVY RSM.
'X HIWTVI QEQE QIE, 6SWE 6EKMYRHS, S HIGPEV GY QRHVMI, IVE
QSHIPYP JIQIMPSV. (IWMKYV, SVMGI 3Y XVIFYMI W WTYR HIWTVI QEQE PYM GIIE GI
WTYR IY HIWTVI E QIE; HEV RMQIRM R-S ZE WTYRI GY QEM QYPX GSRZMRKIVI
HIGX QMRI.
9RE HMR EQVGMYRMPI ZMI'MM QIPI, #M RY GIE QEM QMG, E JSWX #M ZE 3
EGIIE HI E RY 3 TYXYX W-S JEG JIVMGMX; GM, HMQTSXVMZ, HI E-M 3 RXVMWXEX #M
RHYVIVEX YPXMQIPI ^MPI EPI I\MWXIR'IM! 2YQEM WMRKYV (YQRI^IY TSEXI W #XMI
RIPMRM#XMPI TI GEVI M PI-E TVMGMRYMX ZME'E QIE EZIRXYVSEW, GGM RYQEM )P WMRKYV
GYRSE#XI RIQVKMRMXE HVEKSWXI TI GEVI QEQE S WMQ'IE TIRXVY QMRI. (EG
I\MWX ZVIYR WIRXMQIRX FYR R WY4IXYP QIY S QVXYVMWIWG GY KPEW XEVI G HI PE
IE P EQ. 'EVEGXIVYP IM HI RKIV RY TYXIE W RY-#M E4I VWJVRKIVIE PYM R
QMRI. 3EVI RY QMPIM WEPI JE' HI RIJIVMGMVI, GSQTEWMYRMM WEPI JE' HI WYJIVMR'I,
M HEXSVI^ IY QEVIE QIE HVEKSWXI, FE ZSM WTYRI GLMEV, EHRGE QIE GEVMXEXI
JE' HI TEXVMI, GEVMXEXI GI QM-E EXVEW EJIG'MYRIE #M WMQTEXME RIJIVMGM'MPSV QIM
GSRGIX'IRM# 7MKYV G RY WYRX WYTIVWXM'MSW; XSXY#M, ZSM E3VQE G R GIPI QEM
KVIPI QTVINYVVM HMR ZME'E QIE, GRH 3GIERYP YVPE WYF GEVIR #M PRK TIVI'MM
ZEWYPYM QIY TI GEVI P VMHMGE R WYW GE TI YR TEM, GRH KLMYPIPI QM #YMIVEY TI
PE YVIGLM GE ZRXYP R JYVXYR, GRH KPSER'IPI GHIEY R NYVYP QIY GE S
KVMRHMR, S ZIHIEQ XSX XMQTYP RKIQYXXGLMEX, GYJYRHEX R VYKGMYRIE IM,
TVSWXIVREX PE TMGMSEVIPI %XSXTYXIVRMGYPYM #M GIIE GI-QM HHIE GYVENYP HI GEVI
GIMPEP'M WI QMVEY YRISVM, IVE GSRZMRKIVIE G RY QM WI TYXIE RXQTPE RMGM S
RIRSVSGMVI EXXE ZVIQI GX S JIQIMI EXX HI WJRX, YR EWIQIRIE RKIV WI
VYKE TIRXVY QMRI.
-- 4VMQMM QIM ERM 1M-EQ TIXVIGYX TVMQMM ERM EM GSTMPVMIM GYQ #M-M TIXVIG
XS'M GSTMMM, GRH V^RH #M GRH TPRKRH, QEM EXVEW WTVI TPGIVMPI ZVWXIM
HIGX WTVI QYRG, WTVI HMWXVEG'MI HIGX WTVI WXYHMY, EWXJIP RGX R-EQ TVS3XEX,
GYQ EV 3 XVIFYMX W-S JEG HEG E# 3 JSWX QEM R'IPITX, HI WEGVM3GMMPI TI GEVI
TVMR'MM QIM PI JGIEY TIRXVY QMRI. 2MQMG I\XVESVHMREV RY QM W-E RXQTPEX R
GSTMPVMI.
%Q EZYX S MRMQ QVMRMQSEW. )VE YR HEV EP (SQRYPYM #M EP QEQIM QIPI
#M EZRXYVMPI EGIWXIM MRMQM FYRI PI-EQ WEXMWJGYX RXSXHIEYRE GY ZSPYTXEXI. QM
IVE XEVI QMP HI XSX GI IVE QMG, WPEF #M R WYJIVMR'. 1MPE QIVKIE TR #M JE'
HI ERMQEPI. 7EY QEM HIKVEF RGITIE GY ERMQEPIPI. QM EQMRXIWG G RXV-S ^M
EQ KWMX YR KVIMIVE# #M P-EQ HYW R GEQIVE QIE; EGSPS, NYGRHY-Q GY IP #M
EXMRKRHY-P GY EG'IE RIRHIQREVI WEY, QEM FMRI ^MW. GY EGIE FVYXEPMXEXI
GEVEGXIVMWXMG GSTMPVMIM, M-EQ WQYPW YR TMGMSV; HYVIVIE QM-E JSWX EXX HI QEVI,
RGX EQ WXEX QEM QYPXI SVI RGLMW R GEQIV, TPRKRH EQEVRMG.
%PXHEX, QIVKRH PE ZRXSEVI GY YRYP HMR ZIVMM QIM, R 'MRYXYP :EV, Q-
EQ STVMX TI QEVKMRIE YRYM #ER' EHRG YRHI WTPXSVIWIPI SFM#RYMEY W-#M
WTIPI VYJIPI #M YRHI #M PI WTPE #M S FMEX JIQIMI TI-EPI IM. 2Y #XMY GYQ WI JGY
HI G^Y R ET. %#E QMG GYQ IVEQ R-EZIEQ HIGX STX ERM Q-EQ EVYRGEX
HYT IE #M EQ WEPZEX-S. 4SZIWXIWG EWXE TIRXVY E EVXE GX HI 3VIWG IVE R
QMRI EGIWX WIRXMQIRX GEVI Q JEGI W WV R ENYXSVYP WIQIRYPYM QIY #M GX HI
QMG I QIVMXYP GI-P EQ, WYTYRRHY-Q EGIWXYM RHIQR(MRXVI TVSJIWSVMM TI GEVI
M-EQ EZYX R EGIEWX TIVMSEH E ZMI'MM QIPI, PI TWXVI^ S HISWIFMX
VIGYRS#XMR' TVMRXIPYM +MSZERRM #M HSQRYPYM %VIRE.
(I PE TVMQYP, EQ TVS3XEX TY'MR, 3MRH KEXE W Q NSG #M W LSMRVIWG,
GYQ EQ QEM WTYW-S, QEM HIKVEF HIGX W WXYHMI^. %Q, QEM EPIW, VIQY#GEVIE
G R-EQ RZ'EX IRKPI^E E#E GYQ E# 3 TYXYX W-S JEG', VIQY#GEVI GI W-E
VIHI#XITXEX R QMRI R XSEXI QTVINYVVMPI #M EGIWXI QTVINYVVM EY JSWX HIWI
'RH Q-EQ E4EX TVMRXVI IRKPI^M. 4I PRK EGIEWXE, TVMRXIPI
+MSZERRM 3MRH HI-EP GEWIM #M RXVYGXZE HMR JEQMPMI, PIG'MMPI QIPI WYJIVIEY HI
TI YVQE TVIE QEVIM JEQMPMEVMX'M TI GEVI QM-S PYEWIQ JE' HI IP. 'IPYM HI EP
HSMPIE, YR I\GIPIRX TVSJIWSV, M HEXSVI^ QEM EPIW S ZI#RMG VIGYRS#XMR' TIRXVY
E Q 3 MRM'MEX R PMQFE QIE QEXIVR TVMRXV-S PIGXYV GSRWXERX E MWXSVMIM
VSQERI.
+VI#IEPE HI E RY MRWXVYM GSTMMM R PMQFE #M GY TVMZMVI PE IZIRMQIRXIPI
TEXVMIM IWXI WZV#MX. R QSH JVIGZIRX R -XEPME #M QEM EPIW PE 2MWE, YRHI
ZIGMRXEXIE *VER'IM MR4YIR'IE^ EWYTVE IHYGE'MIM. %#EHEV, EG'IWXIM TVMQI
PIGXYVM E MWXSVMIM RSEWXVI #M XIREGMX'MM HI GEVI E HEX HSZEH JVEXIPI QIY QEM
QEVI, %RKIPS, VIGSQERHRHY-QM EXX WXYHMYP IM GX #M TI GIP EP JVYQSEWIM
RSEWXVI PMQFM, M HEXSVI^ TY'MRYP TI GEVI EQ ENYRW W-P HSFRHIWG R #XMMR'E
MWXSVMIM #M R Y#YVMR'E HI E Q I\TVMQE R ZSVFMVI.
:SM XIVQMRE EGIEWX TVMQ TIVMSEH E ZMI'MM QIPI TVMR TSZIWXMVIE YRYM
JETX GEVI, HI#M HI QMG MQTSVXER', TSEXI HE S MHII HIWTVI TVIJIVMR'E QIE
GXVI ZME'E EZIRXYVSEW.
3FSWMX HI #GSEP #M WYJIVMRH HMR TVMGMRE I\MWXIR'IM QIPI WIHIRXEVI, PI-
EQ TVSTYW RXV-S ^M GXSVZE HMR XSZEV#MM QIM W JYKMQ PE +IRSZE. >MW #M JGYX.
%Q PYEX S FEVG HI ZRXSEVI #M MEX-RI TPYXMRH WTVI 3VMIRX. 2I #M E4EQ R
HVITXYP 1SREGSYPYM GRH YR GSVWEV7, XVMQMW HI QMRYREXYP QIY XEX, RI
GETXYV #M RI VIEHYWI, EGSTIVM'M HI VY#MRI, PE VIWTIGXMZIPI RSEWXVI GEWI. 9R
TVISX GEVI RI Z^YWI, RI HIRYR'EWI: HI EMGM ZMRI, TVSFEFMP, TY'MRE QIE
WMQTEXMI JE' HI TVIS'M.
8SZEV#MM QIM HI EZIRXYV IVEY, QM-EHYG EQMRXI, 'IWEVI 4EVSHM, 6EJEIPPS
HI %RHVIMW #M 'IPIWXMRS &IVQSRH.
4VMQIPI QIPI GPXSVMM 3, TVMQZEV, XMRIVI'I E ERYPYM! S, XMRIVI'I,
TVMQZEV E ZMI'MM! E WTYW 1IX'EWXEWMS; IY ZSM EHYKE: 'YQ WI
RJVYQYWI'IE^ XSXYP WYF WSEVIPI XMRIVI'MM #M EP TVMQZIVMM!
0YQMREX HI EGIWX WSEVI JIVQIGEX, QM-EM ETVYX XY, S, JVYQSEW
'SWXER^E, TVMQE GSVEFMI GY GEVI EQ FV^HEX QEVIE. 4IVI'MM XM XVEMRMGM,
GEXEVKIPI REPXI #M Y#SEVI, TYRXIE WTE'MSEW, XSXYP, TR #M FYWXYP HI JIQIMI
GI WI E4E PE TVSVE, ZE VQRI WTEX TI ZIGM R QIQSVME QIE, GY HPXM'E HI
RI#XIVW E XMRIVIM QIPI MQEKMRE'MM. 'Y GX KVE'MI WI ETPIGEY TI ZWPIPI PSV
QEXIPS'MM XM, EHIZVE'M VITVI^IRXER'M EM GYXI^XSVMPSV RS#XVM PMKYVMIRM, S,
JVYQSEW #M WGYQT 'SWXER^E! 'Y GI FYGYVMI Q ETPIGEQ TIWXI FEPGSR, GE
W PI EWGYPX GRXIGIPI TSTYPEVI #M GSVYVMPI PSV EVQSRMSEWI! 'RXEY GRXIGI HI
HVEKSWXI; RMQIRM RY-M RZ'E EPXGIZE TI EXYRGM; SVMGX HI: RIRWIQREXI EV 3
JSWX, IPI Q RHYMS#EY, Q QFXEY. %L! HEG EGIWXI GRXIGI EV 3 JSWX TIRXVY
TEXVMI, IPI Q-EV 3 I\EPXEX, Q-EV 3 RRIFYRMX! (EV GMRI SEVI W PI WTYR TI
EXYRGM G I\MWX S -XEPMI# 'MRI SEVI W-M RZI'I G EZIEQ S TEXVMI HI V^FYREX
#M HI IPMFIVEX# 2Y, RY! 2SM EQ JSWX GVIWGY'M #M RI-EQ JGYX QEVM GE YRMM IZVIM,
R GVIHMR'E G ZME'E RY EZIE HIGX YR WGST: W JEGM EZIVI.
"M R EGIWX XMQT, GRH TVMZIEQ FYGYVSW, HMR WXVEH, ZEWYP TI GEVI
EZIEQ W Q QFEVG, QEQE QM TVIKXIE TPRKRH ^IWXVIE QIE HI GPXSVMI.
(EV GLIQEVIE QIE IVE HI E GYXVIMIVE QVMPI; XEXP QIY WI QTSXVMZMWI
HMR VWTYXIVM. (SVMR'E EGIWXYM SQ EHQMVEFMP EV 3 JSWX W YVQI^ S GEVMIV
PMRM#XMX #M PMTWMX HI TVMQINHMM, W Q JEG TVISX, EZSGEX WEY QIHMG; HEV
HV^IRME QIE JY QEM XEVI; HVEKSWXIE PYM WI TPIG R JE'E RGT'RVMM QIPI
XMRIVI#XM RGX Q-EQ QFEVGEX TI FVMKERXMRE8 'SWXER^E, GTMXER 3MRH %RKIPS
4IWERXI, GIP QEM RHV^RI' PYT HI QEVI TI GEVI P-EQ GYRSWGYX ZVISHEX. (EG
QEVMRE RSEWXV W-EV 3 HI^ZSPXEX E#E GYQ WI TYXIE WTIVE, GTMXERYP 4IWERXI EV
3 JSWX RHVITX'MX W GSQERHI YRYP HMR TVMQIPI ZEWI HI V^FSM #M RMQIRM R-EV
3 JSWX YR GTMXER QEM HI RHINHI HIGX IP. 4IWERXI R-E GSQERHEX RMGMSHEX
4SX; HEV, GE W Q RXSVG' PE IP, ZE GVIE GYVRH YRE, HI PE FVGM TR PE
ZEWIPI GY XVIM TYR'M, HEG WI ZE RGVIHMR'E ZVISHEX EGIEWX QMWMYRI #M Q
TYR GLI^E# G TEXVME RY ZE HSFRHM HIGX JSPSW #M KPSVMI HMR EWXE.
4VMQE QIE GPXSVMI EQ JGYX-S PE 3HIWE; EGIWXI GPXSVMM EY HIZIRMX HI
EXYRGM EXX HI SFM#RYMXI #M HI Y#SEVI, RGX I HI TVMWSW W PI QEM TSZIWXIWG.
% HSYE GPXSVMI E JSWX PE 6SQE, HEV HI HEXE EGIEWXE GY XEXP QIY;
JYWIWI EXX HI RIPMRM#XMX R XMQTYP TVMQIM QIPI EFWIR'I RGX LSXVWI,
HISEVIGI 'MRIEQ GY XSX HMREHMRWYP W GPXSVIWG, W JEG EGIWX PYGVY QTVIYR
GY IP.
2I QFEVGEVQ TI TVSTVME WE GSVEFMI, 0E 7ERXE 6ITEVEXE.
0E 6SQE! 'I FYGYVMI W QIVKM PE 6SQE! %Q EVXEX R GI JIP, HEXSVMX
WJEXYVMPSV JVEXIPYM QIY #M KVMNMM FYRYPYM QIY TVSJIWSV, WXYHMMPI QM WI RHVITXEY
XSGQEM R EGIEWX HMVIG'MI. 6SQE! 2Y IVE SEVI TIRXVY QMRI, R4GVEX EHITX
EP ERXMGLMX'MM, GETMXEPE PYQMM# 6IKMRE HIXVSREX! (EV VQRIEY VYMRIPI IM
MQIRWI, YVME#I, WYFPMQI, R GEVI WP#PYMI#XI, WTIGXVY PYQMRSW, EQMRXMVIE E XSX
GI E JSWX QEVI R XVIGYX.
2Y IVE RYQEM GETMXEPE PYQMM, HEV #M PIEKRYP EGIWXIM VIPMKMM W3RXI GEVI E
WJVQEX PER'YVMPI WGPEZMPSV, E RRSFMPEX YQERMXEXIE TR EXYRGM GPGEX R
TMGMSEVI; E EGIWXIM VIPMKMM EM GVIM TVMQM, EHIZVE'M ETSWXSPM, EY JSWX RZ'XSVMM
RE'MYRMPSV, IPMFIVEXSVMM TSTSEVIPSV, HEV EM GVSV YVQE#M HIKIRIVE'M, FEWXEV^M,
XVE3GER'M, EHIZVEXI 4EKIPYVM EPI -XEPMIM, #M-EY ZRHYX QEMGE, TI QEMGE
RSEWXV, E XYXYVSVE, WXVMRYPYM; RY! RY! 6SQE TI GEVI S ZIHIEQ R XMRIVI'IE
QIE RY IVE RYQEM 6SQE XVIGYXYPYM, IVE HI EWIQIRIE 6SQE ZMMXSVYPYM,
TYVXRH R WRYP TM MHIIE VIKIRIVEXSEVI E YRYM TSTSV YVQVMX HI TM^QE
XYXYVSV TYXIVMPSV, 3MRHG W-E RWGYX QEVI, 3MRHG E T#MX R JVYRXIE RE'MYRMPSV,
GPY^MXI HI IP WTVI GMZMPM^E'MI.
6SQE! %L! GRH Q KRHIEQ PE RIJIVMGMVIE IM, PE RNSWMVIE IM, PE
QEVXMVMYP IM, QM HIZIRIE WJRX #M WGYQT QEM TVIWYW HI SVMGI TI PYQI. 3
MYFIEQ HMR XSEXI TYXIVMPI WY4IXYPYM QIY, RY RYQEM R PYTXIPI WYTIVFI EPI
QVI'MIM IM, HI-E PYRKYP EXXSV WIGSPI, HEV #M R GIPI QEM QMGM'IZIRMQIRXI TI
GEVI PI WXVRKIEQ R MRMQE QIE GE TI YR TVI'MSW XI^EYV.
"M HITEVXI HI E WGHIE, HVEKSWXIE QIE TIRXVY 6SQE E WTSVMX TVMR
HITVXEVIE HI IE #M TVMR I\MP. %HIWIE, JSEVXI EHIWIE, HMRGSPS HI QVM, PE XVIM
QMM HI PIKLI HI IE, M GIVIEQ %XSXTYXIVRMGYPYM W-S VIZH. R WJV#MX, 6SQE IVE
TIRXVY QMRI -XEPME, TIRXVY G IY RY GSRGIT -XEPME HIGX VIYRMX R QHYPEVIPI
IM VMWMTMXI, 6SQE 3MRH TIRXVY QMRI WMRKYVYP #M YRMGYP WMQFSP EP YRMX'MM MXEPMIRI.
-RM'MIVIE QIE 'XZE XMQT EQ JGYX GEFSXEN9 GY XEXP QIY; ETSM Q-EQ
HYW PE 'EKPMEVM TI FVMKERXMRE )RIE, GTMXER 3MRH +MYWITTI +IVZMRS.
R XMQTYP EGIWXIM GPXSVMM, EQ JSWX QEVXSVYP YRIM KVSE^RMGI RIRSVSGMVM,
GEVI EZIE W PEWI R ZME'E QIE S EQMRXMVI HI RI#XIVW. 6IZIRMRH HI PE 'EKPMEVM,
RI-EQ E4EX PE YR QSQIRX HEX, TVMR HVITXYP GETYPYM 2SPI, R XSZV#ME GXSVZE
ZEWI, TVMRXVI GEVI WI E4E #M S JIVQIGXSEVI JIPYG 2 GEXEPER. (YT HSY WEY
XVIM ^MPI HI XMQT JVYQSW, EQ WMQ'MX GXIZE TEPI HI ZRX TI GEVI QEVMREVMM
RS#XVM P-EY RYQMX PMFMERYP TIRXVY G, QEM REMRXI HI E ENYRKI TI 1IHMXIVER,
IP XVIGI TIWXI HI#IVXYP 0MFMIM. 7YF FXEME PYM, QEVIE RGITY W WI YQ4I #M R
GYVRH WI TSVRM GY EXXE JYVMI, RGX RI QTMRWI GY JSV'E WTVI :EHS. *IPYGE
HIWTVI GEVI EQ ZSVFMX PE RGITYX, WI GSQTSVX EHQMVEFMP, #M RY #SZM W WTYR
G SVMGEVI HMRXVI RSM, TVIZ^RH GYQ ZE 3 ZVIQIE HYT QSHYP R GEVI WI
TVI^IRXE EGYQ, EV 3 TVIJIVEX W WI E4I TI TYRXIE EGIPIM JIPYGI, HIGX TI E
PYM. (EV FMIXYP ZEW IVE HIWXMREX W RI SJIVI GYVRH YR JSEVXI HYVIVSW
WTIGXEGSP; YR ZEP XIVMFMP P GPXMR #M RY QEM Z^YVQ TI TYRXIE PYM HIGX G'MZE
RIRSVSGM'M RXMR^RH QMRMPI WTVI RSM #M GEVI TIWXI TY'MR XMQT JYV PYE'M HI YR
ZEP #M QEM GYQTPMX HIGX TVMQYP. 'EXEWXVSJE WI TVSHYGIE R HVIETXE ZEWYPYM
RSWXVY, HEV RI IVE GY RITYXMR' W-M ENYXQ TI RIJIVMGM'MM REYJVEKME'M.
'IPIPEPXI FVGM GEVI RI YVQEY WI KWMV R EGIIE#M MQTSWMFMPMXEXI. 2SY
QIQFVM EM YRIM WMRKYVI JEQMPMM TMIVMV R EGIWX NEPRMG JIP, GLMEV WYF SGLMM RS#XVM.
'^YV PEGVMQM TR #M HMR SGLMM GIM QEM HYVM, HEV GYVRH JYV YWGEXI HI KVMNE
TVSTVMIM RSEWXVI TVMQINHMM. (EV, GE #M GYQ TYXIVMPI VYPYM EV 3 JSWX HSQSPMXI
TVMR EGIWXI NIVXJI SQIRI#XM, GIPIPEPXI FVGM WSWMV JV ZVIYR EGGMHIRX PE :EHS.
(I PE :EHS EQ TPIGEX PE +IRSZE #M HI PE +IRSZE, Q-EQ RXSVW PE 2MWE.
%XYRGM EQ RGITYX YR #MV HI GPXSVMM R VWVMX, R GYVWYP GVSVE EQ JSWX
TVMR#M #M NIJYM'M R XVIM VRHYVM HI TMVE'M. 0YGVYP WI RXQTP HI HSY SVM R
XMQTYP YRIM WMRKYVI GPXSVMM, GIIE GI M RJYVMI TI TMVE'MM YVQXSVM, RXVYGX
EGI#XME RY QEM KWMV RMQMG GI W RI ME. 'Y TVMPINYP EGIWXSV EXEGYVM EQ RGITYX
#M IY W Q JEQMPMEVM^I^ GY TVMQINHME #M W FEK HI WIEQ G, JV W 3Y
2IPWSR, WPEZ (SQRYPYM! TYXIEQ, GE #M IP, W Q RXVIF XSXY#M: 'I RWIEQR
JVMGE#
R XMQTYP YRIME HMR EGIWXI GPXSVMM TI FVMKERXMRE 0E 'SVXIWI, GTMXER
&EVPEWIQIVE, EQ G^YX FSPREZ PE 'SRWXERXMRSTSP. :EWYP JY WMPMX W VMHMGI
TR^IPI #M FSEPE QIE TVIPYRKMRHY-WI QEM QYPX HIGX GVIHIEQ, Q-EQ E4EX
JSEVXI WXVQXSVEX R TVMZMR'E FERMPSV. R SVMGI QTVINYVEVI RIRSVSGMX Q-E#M 3
E4EX, HI SVMGI TVMQINHMI E# 3 JSWX EQIRMR'EX, RXSXHIEYRE Q-EQ WMRGLMWMX TVIE
TY'MR HI RIRSVSGMVIE QIE, 'GM QIVIY EQ EZYX RSVSGYP W RXPRIWG GXI YR
WY4IX QMPSW GEVI W EMF KVMN HI WSEVXE QIE.
4VMRXVI EGIWXI WY4IXI QMPSWXMZI, WI RYQV YRYP TI GEVI R-EQ W-P YMX
RMGMSHEX: IWXI ZSVFE HI HSEQRE 0SYMWI 7EYZEMKS, HI PE 2MWE, S 3MR' FYR
GEVI Q-E GSRZMRW G HSY HMR GIPI QEM HIWZV#MXI JIQIM HMR PYQI IVEY
QEQE QIE #M IE. ) VITVI^IRXE JIVMGMVIE WS'YPYM IM, YR SQ I\GIPIRX #M JGIE,
GY S EHQMVEFMP MRXIPMKIR', XSEX IHYGE'ME QMGMM WEPI JEQMPMM.
'Y GI TVMPIN EQ ZSVFMX HIWTVI IE EMGM# 2-E# TYXIE WTYRI. &E HE, #XMY:
TIRXVY G, RXVYGX WGVMY HMRXV-S RIZSMI E MRMQMM, IE QM HMGXIE^ GIIE GI E#XIVR
EGYQE TI LVXMI.
6^FSMYP M^FYGRMX EXYRGM RXVI XYVGM #M VY#M Q-E WMPMX W-QM TVIPYRKIWG
#IHIVIE R GETMXEPE MQTIVMYPYM SXSQER. R EGIE TIVMSEH #M RXV-S ZVIQI GRH
RY #XMEQ GYQ EZIEQ W XVMIWG HI TI S ^M TI EPXE EQ MRXVEX GE TVIGITXSV R
GEWE ZHYZIM 8MQSRM. 7PYNFE QM JYWIWI RGVIHMR'EX R YVQE VIGSQERHVMM
HSQRYPYM (MIKS, HSGXSV R QIHMGMR, GVYME M QYP'YQIWG EMGM TIRXVY WIVZMGMYP
TI GEVI QM P-E JGYX. %Q VQEW R EGIEWX WPYNF QEM QYPXI PYRM, HYT G-EVI
EQ VIRGITYX W REZMKLI^, QFEVGRHY-Q TI FVMKERXMRE 2SXVI-(EQI HI
+VGI, GTMXER 'EWEFSRE.
%GIWXE E JSWX TVMQYP ZEW TI GEVI P-EQ GSQERHEX R GEPMXEXI HI GTMXER.
2-S W WXVYM EWYTVE GIPSVPEPXI GPXSVMM EPI QIPI, ZSM WTYRI RYQEM G,
QIVIY GLMRYMX HI YR EHRG WMQ'QRX TEXVMSXMG, R RMGM S QTVINYVEVI E ZMI'MM
QIPI R-EQ RGIXEX W GIV, 3I HI PE SEQIRM, 3I HI PE IZIRMQIRXI, 3I GLMEV HI
PE GV'M, W Q MRM'MI^I R QMWXIVIPI VIRE#XIVMM -XEPMIM; HEV TR PE ZVWXE HI
HSY^IGM #M TEXVY HI ERM, EGIEWX GYXEVI JY ^EHEVRMG #M IY Q-EQ XVYHMX R
ZER.
3*
R WJV#MX, RXV-S GPXSVMI PE 8EKERVSK, E4EM TI TYRXIE QIE YR TEXVMSX
MXEPMER GEVI GIP HMRXM QM HHY GXIZE RS'MYRM HIWTVI JIPYP GYQ WI HIWJ#YVEY
PYGVYVMPI R -XEPME.
)VE S PYQMR RHVITXEX WTVI RIJIVMGMXE RSEWXV 'EV.
3 HIGPEV WYW #M XEVI. 'VMWXSJSV 'SPYQF R-E JSWX QEM JIVMGMX, GRH, TMIVHYX
R QMNPSGYP %XPERXMGYPYM, EQIRMR'EX HI XSZEV#MM WM, GVSVE IP PI QEM GIVYWI XVIM
^MPI HI VKE^, EY^M, WTVI WJV#MXYP GIPIM HI E XVIME ^M, WXVMKRHY-WI: 4QRX,
HIGX EQ JSWX IY, EY^MRH TVSRYR'RHY-WI GYZRXYP TEXVMI, #M Z^RH
ETVMR^RHY-WI R ^EVI TVMQYP JEV, HI GXVI VIZSPY'ME JVERGI^ HI PE 1830.
)\MWXEY HIGM SEQIRM GEVI W WI TVISGYTI HI VIHI#XITXEVIE -XEPMIM.
EPX GPXSVMI EQ JGYX-S PE FSVHYP 'PSVMRHIM, YR ZEW GI XVERWTSVXE PE
'SRWXERXMRSTSP YR KVYT HI WEMRX-WMQSRMIRM1, GSRHY#M HI )QMMI &EVVEYPX.
%Y^MWIQ ZSVFMRHY-WI TY'MR HIWTVI WIGXE WEMRXWMQSRMWX, #XMEQ HSEV G
EGI#XM SEQIRM IVEY ETSWXSPMM TIVWIGYXE'M EM YRIM RSM VIPMKMM. 1 ETVSTMEM HI
#IJYP PSV #M Q TVI^IRXEM GE TEXVMSX MXEPMER.
%XYRGM, R EGIPI RST'M XVERWTEVIRXI EPI 3VMIRXYPYM, GEVI, E#E GYQ WTYRI
'LEXIEYFVMERH, RY WYRX FI^R, GM HSEV EFWIR'E ^MPIM, WYF YR GIV WTY^MX HI
WXIPI, TI S QEVI E GVIM FVM^ TYXIVRMG TEVI TPMR HI EWTMVE'MM KIRIVSEWI, EQ
HMWGYXEX, RY RYQEM VIWXVRWIPI GLIWXMYRM HI RE'MSREPMXEXI PE GEVI TR EXYRGM
WI PMQMXEWI TEXVMSXMWQYP QIY GLIWXMYRM (SGXVMR TVIGSRM^EX HI WSGMEPMWXYP
YXSTMG JVERGI^ 'PERHI-,IRVM 7EMRP-7MQSR (17+0-1825); R GEHVYP ZMMXSEVIPSV
SVRHYMVM WSGMEPI WYW'MRIE IP VSPYP TVIHSQMRERX XVIFYME W VIZMR #XMMR'IM #M
MRHYWXVMIM, WEZER'MPSV #M XILRMGMIRMPSV. 7SGMIXEXIE XVIFYME W EWMKYVI XYXYVSV
HVITXYP PE QYRG, 3IGEVI QYRGMRH HYT GETEGMX'MPI WEPI. 7EMRX-7MQSR
PMQMXEX R ZIHIVMPI WEPI R'IPIKIE W-#M GSRWXVYMEWG WSGMEPMWQYP YXSTMG TI
TVMRGMTMYP QTGVMM GPEWIPSV.
TVMZMXSEVI PE -XEPME, HMWGY'MM HI PE TVSZMRGMI PE TVSZMRGMI HEV #M QEVIE
GLIWXMYRI E YQERMX'MM.
1EM RXM ETSWXSPYP QM HSZIHM G SQYP GEVI #M ETV TEXVME WEY GEVI
EXEG TEXVME GIPSVPEP'M, RY-M HIGX YR WSPHEX GYGIVRMG R TVMQE MTSXI^
RIHVITX R E HSYE; ETSM G SQYP GEVI, HIZIRMRH GSWQSTSPMX, EHSTX GIE HI E
HSYE WE TEXVMI #M QIVKI W-#M SJIVI WTEHE #M WRKIPI YRYM RXVIK TSTSV GEVI
PYTX QTSXVMZE XMVERMIM, IWXI QEM QYPX HIGX YR WSPHEX: IWXI YR IVSY.
R WTMVMXYP QIY WI JGY EXYRGM S WXVERMI PYQMR PE E GVIM PMQTI^MQI R-
EQ QEM Z^YX RXV-S GSVEFMI HSEV ZILMGYPYP JSPSWMX WTVI E WGLMQFE TVSHYWIPI
YRIM 'VM GY GIPI EPI EPXIME, GM XVMQMWYP REVMTEX GEVI HYGI GYZRXYP (SQRYPYM #M
WTEHE EVLERKLIPYPYM. 4PIGEWIQ PEGSQ HI IQS'MM, GYVMSW W GYRSWG PYGVYVM RSM
#M Q RXVIFEQ EGYQE HEG EGIEWX ZSGE'MI MVI^MWXMFMP TI GEVI S GVI^YWIQ PE
RGITYX HSEV EGIIE E YRYM GTMXER HI GYVW PYRK, R-EZIE TIRXVY QMRI #M ^VM
RG RIFRYMXI.
: )ZIRMQIRXIPI HI PE 7ER-+MYPMERS :EWYP TI GEVI Q-EQ RXSVW HI EWX-
HEX HMR 3VMIRX EZIE GE HIWXMRE'MI TSVXYP 1EVWMPME.
7SWMRH PE 1EVWMPME EQ E4EX HIWTVI VIZSPY'ME RIM^FYXMX HMR 4MIQSRX #M
HIWTVI I\IGY'MMPI, TVMR QTY#GEVI, HI PE 'LEQFIV], %PIWWERHVME #M +IRSZE. 0E
1EVWMPME Q-EQ ETVSTMEX HI YR ERYQI 'SZI. 'SZI Q-E HYW PE 1E^^MRM.
)VEQ HITEVXI HI E FRYM TI EXYRGM QEVIE GSQYRMXEXI HI TVMRGMTMM GEVI
Q ZE YRM RXV-S ^M GY EGIWXE HMR YVQ. 2MQIRM RY-P GYRS#XIE RG TI XIREGIPI,
RGT'REXYP KRHMXSV, GVYME RSYE -XEPMI M HEXSVIE^ PEFSVMSEWE IM
VIKIRIVEVI #M TI GEVI RMQMG RY-P HIWGYVENE R STIVE WJRX TI GEVI E
RXVITVMRW-S, RMGM GLMEV MRKVEXMXYHMRIE.
2Y IY EQ GHIVIE W I\TVMQ S TVIVI HIWTVI 1E^^MRM; HEV W-QM 3I
RKHYMX W WTYR G, HYT GI M W-E TYW TI GET GSVSERE HI PEYV TI GEVI S
QIVMX, M WI RHIEW EGYQ TI GET S GSVSER HI WTMRM TI GEVI R-S QIVMX.
0E TVFY#MVIE PYM %RHVIE :SGGLMIVM, 1E^^MRM E WGSW YR EHIZVEX WXVMKX
HI V^FSM. )P E WGVMW R 8RVE -XEPMI: -XEPMIRM! E ZIRMX ^MYE, HEG ZVIQ W
VQRIQ HIQRM HI RYQIPI RSWXVY, W RI GSRXSTMQ WRKIPI GY GIP EP
QEVXMVMPSV TMIQSRXI^M.
R *VER'E, R 1833, EG'IWXI PYGVYVM RY WI WXVMKEY JV W 3M TIHITWMX. 0E
GXZE XMQT HYT GI-M JYWIWIQ TVI^IRXEX #M-M WTYWIWIQ G TYXIE W WI FM^YMI
TI QMRI, 1E^^MRM, ZI#RMGYP TVSWGVMW, JYWIWI WMPMX W TVWIEWG *VER'E #M W WI
VIXVEK PE +IRIZE.
RXV-EHIZV, R EGIP QSQIRX, TEVXXHYP VITYFPMGER TVIE GY HIWZV#MVI
RMQMGMX R *VER'E. %FME XVIGYWI YR ER HI PE EGIP 5 MYRMI, GXIZE PYRM HYT
TVSGIWYP PYTXXSVMPSV HI PE QRWXMVIE 7EMRX-1IVVM.
1E^^MRM, EGIWX SQ GY GSRZMRKIVM TIRXVY GEVI RY I\MWXEY TMIHMGM, EPIWIWI
EGIWX QSQIRX TIRXVY RSY RGIVGEVI.
4EXVMS'MM VWTYRWIWIV G IVEY KEXE, HEV IM GI* VIEY YR #IJ. 7I KRHMV PE
6EQSVMRS, RG WXVPYGMXSV R YVQE PYTXIPSV WEPI HMR 4SPSRME. 1E^^MRM RY ETVSF
EGIEWX EPIKIVI; WTMVMXYP PYM EGXMZ #M XSXSHEX TVSJYRH P TVIZIRIE QTSXVMZE
TVIWXMKMYPYM SEQIRMPSV QEVM; HEV QENSVMXEXIE P ZSME TI 6EQEVMRS; 1E^^MRM
GIH.
'LIQEX PE +IRIZE, 6EQSVMRS EGGITX GSQERHE I\TIHM'MIM. 0E TVMQE
GSRJIVMR' GY 1E^^MRM, WI GSRZIRM GE HSY GSPSERI VITYFPMGERI W WI RHVITXI
WTVI 4MIQSRX, YRE TVMR 7EZSME, GIEPEPX TVMR +IRIZE.
6EQSVMRS TVMQM TEXVY^IGM HI QMM HI JVERGM TIRXVY E JEGI JE'
GLIPXYMIPMPSV I\TIHM'MIM #M TPIG RXSZV#MX HI YR WIGVIXEV EP PYM 1E^^MRM GEVI
EZIE QMWMYRIE W ZIKLI^I EWYTVE KIRIVEPYPYM10. 8SEXI EGIWXIE WI TIXVIGIEY
R WITXIQFVMI 1833; I\TIHM'ME XVIFYME W EMF PSG R SGXSQFVMI.
(EV 6EQSVMRS XVKR TR RXV-EXX PYGVYVMPI RGX RY JY KEXE HIGX R
MERYEVMI 1834.
1E^^MRM, GY XSEXI XIVKMZIVWVMPI KIRIVEPYPYM GI PYTXEWI R 4SPSRME, WI
'MRYWI XEVI.
R WJV#MX, PE 31 MERYEVMI, 6EQSVMRS, WSQEX HI 1E^^MRM, WI RXPRIE GY IP
PE +IRIZE, GY EP'M HSM KIRIVEPM #M GY YR EKLMSXERX. 'SRJIVMR'E JY XVMWX #M
XYPFYVEX HI WYQFVI TVIZIWXMVM. 1E^^MRM TVSTYWI W WI SGYTI QMPMXVI#XI WEXYP
7ER-+MYPMERS, YRHI WI E4EY EHYRE'M TEXVMS'MM WEZSMEV^M #M VITYFPMGERMM JVERGI^M
GEVI VQRIEY GVIHMRGMS#M QM#GVMM.
(I EMGM YVQE W WI REP'I WXIEKYP VIZSPY'MIM.
6EQSVMRS GSRWMQ'M PE TVSTYRIVIE PYM 1E^^MRM. 'IPI HSY GSPSERI
XVIFYMEY W-S TSVRIEWG R QEV# R EGIIE#M ^M: YRE W TPIGI HI PE 'EVSYKI,
GIEPEPX HI PE 2]SR; YPXMQE W XVEZIVWI^I PEGYP TIRXVY E WI YRM GY TVMQE TI
HVYQYP WTVI 7ER-+MYPMERS.
6EQSVMRS TWXV GSQERHE TVMQIM GSPSERI; E HSYE JY RGVIHMR'EX
TSPSRI^YPYM +VEFWO].
+YZIVRQRXYP KIRIZI^, XIQRHY-WI W RY WI GIVXI TI HI S TEVXI GY
*VER'E, TI HI EPXE GY 4MIQSRXYP, ZIHIE GY SGLM VM EGIEWX QM#GEVI. )P ZVY W
WI QTSXVMZIEWG TPIGVMM HI PE 'EVSYKI E GSPSERIM TI GEVI S GSQERHE
6EQSVMRS; HEV TSTSVYP WI QTSXVMZM #M EYXSVMX'MPI JYV WMPMXI W RKHYMI
GSPSERIM W TSVRIEWG.
2Y EGIPE#M PYGVY WI RXQTP GY GIE GEVI TPIGE HI PE 2]SR.
(SY FVGM VMHMGEV TR^IPI, HYGRH YRE SEQIRM, GIEPEPX EVQI. 9R ZEW
GY EFYVM EP KYZIVRQRXYPYM, XVMQMW R YVQVMVIE PSV, WIGLIWXV EVQIPI #M
EVIWX SEQIRMM.
6EQSVMRS, Z^RH G RY WSWI#XI GSPSERE GI XVIFYME W M WI EPXYVI, R
PSG W-#M GSRXMRYI QEV#YP WTVI 7ER-+MYPMERS, S PY HI-E PYRKYP GSEWXIPSV
PEGYPYM. 1YPX XMQT QV#PYMV JV W #XMI RGSXVS QIVKIEY: RMQIRM RY
GYRS#XIE TPERYVMPI KIRIVEPYPYM; IVE XEVI JVMK, MEV HVYQYVMPI IVEY HIWJYRHEXI.
R EJEV HI G'MZE TSPSRI^M, GSPSERE IVE EPGXYMX HMR ZSPYRXEVM MXEPMIRM,
RIVFHXSVM W PYTXI, HEV SFSWMRH Y#SV HMR TVMGMRE HVYQYPYM PYRK #M KVIY.
(VETIPYP MXEPMER WXVFXIE RM#XI FMIXI WEXI; RMGM YR KPEW TVMIXIRSW RY-P
WEPYXE: RY RXPRIEY TI HVYQ HIGX SEQIRM GYVMS#M WEY MRHMJIVIR'M.
3FSWMX HI PYRKMPI PYM PYGVVM, 1E^^MRM, GEVI #M PWEWI TERE TIRXVY TY#G,
YVQE GSPSERE; QMWXYMX HI S JIFV EV^XSEVI, TI NYQXEXI QSVX HI SFSWIEP, WI
XVE TI HVYQYP KVIY, GY HYVIVIE RWGVMW TI JE'. P RXVIFEWI HI QEM QYPXI SVM
TI 6EQSVMRS GEVI M IVEY MRXIR'MMPI #M GI GEPI YVQE. (EV HI 3IGEVI HEX
VWTYRWYVMPI KIRIVEPYPYM RY-P WEXMWJGYWIV.
%NYRWIV PE 'EVVE #M WI STVMV EMGM TIRXVY E-#M TIXVIGI RSETXIE; 1E^^MRM
#M 6EQSVMRS WXXIEY EQRHSM R EGIIE#M GEQIV.
6EQSVMRS WI E4E PRK JSG, RJ#YVEX R QERXEYE PYM; 1E^^MRM #M TMVSRM
EWYTV-M S TVMZMVI WYQFV #M FRYMXSEVI. (ISHEX ZSG'IE PYM WSRSV, HIZIRMX
#M QEM ZMFVERX HMR GEY^E JIFVIM, ^MWI:
2Y YVQRH EGIWX HVYQ P ZSQ RXPRM TI HY#QER. 8VIFYMI W QIVKIQ
EGSPS YRHI EZIQ HI HSZIHMX GYVENYP RSWXVY. (EG ZMGXSVME IWXI GY RITYXMR',
GIP TY'MR W HSZIHMQ -XEPMIM G #XMQ W QYVMQ.
8MQTYP #M TVMPINYP RY RI ZSV PMTWM RMGMSHEX, WTVI E RJVYRXE VMWGYVM
MRYXMPI, VWTYRWI KIRIVEPYP, #M E# GSRWMHIVE HVITX S GVMQ W I\TYR R ^EHEV
4SEVIE XMRIVMQMM MXEPMIRI.
2Y I\MWX VIPMKMI JV QEVXMVM, VITPMG 1E^^MRM; W S RXIQIMIQ TI E
RSEWXV, 3I GLMEV GY TVI'YP WRKIPYM RSWXVY.
%FME VSWXM 1E^^MRM EGIWXI GYZMRXI, G WI #M EY^M ^KSQSXYP QTY#GXYVMPSV.
6EQSVMRS WVM R TMGMSEVI, 1E^^MRM ETYG S GEVEFMR, QYP'YQMRH PYM
(YQRI^IY G, R WJV#MX, PI ENYXEWI W RXPRIEWG HY#QERYP.
(EV EGIEWXE IVE YPXMQE WJSV'EVI E IRIVKMIM WEPI: JIFVE P QMWXYME;
XSZEV#MM WM GEVI EPIVKEY R RSETXI, M WI TVIEY RM#XI JERXSQI; XQTPIPI M
^ZGRIEY; TQRXYP M JYKM HI WYF TMGMSEVI; G^Y PI#MREX.
'RH #M ZIRM R 3VI, WI E4E R )PZI'ME, YRHI GY QEVI KVIYXEXI P
EHYWIWIV XSZEV#MM PYM; WEPZIPI HI EVQ HI PE 'EVVE JYWIWIV S JEPW EPEVQ.
6EQSVMRS HIGPEV EXYRGM G XSXYP IVE TMIVHYX, VIJY^ W QIEVK QEM
HITEVXI #M SVHSR VIXVEKIVIE.
R EGIWX XMQT, S GSPSER HI S WYX HI SEQIRM, HMR GEVI JGIE TEVXI YR
SEVIGEVI RYQV HI VITYFPMGERM JVERGI^M, TPIGE HI PE +VIRSFPI #M XVIGIE
JVSRXMIVIPI 7EZSMIM.
(EV TVIJIGXYP JVERGI^ TVIZIRM EYXSVMX'MPI WEVHI; VITYFPMGERMM JYV EXEGE'M
RSETXIE, TI RIE#XITXEXI, R ETVSTMIVI HI TI#XIVMPI )GLIPPIW #M QTV#XME'M
HYT S PYTX HI YR GIEW.
R EGIEWX PYTX, WSPHE'MM WEV^M PYEV HSM TVM^SRMIVM: TI %RKIPS :SPSRXMIVM
#M TI .SWITL &SVVIP. 'SRHY#M HMREHMRW PE 'LEQFIV] #M GSRHEQRE'M PE QSEVXI,
IM JYV QTY#GE'M TI EGIPE#M TQRX TI GEVI EFYVIE RG WRKIPI PYM )RVMGS
8SPPE.
"M EWXJIP PY WJV#MX EGIEWX RIRSVSGMX I\TIHM'MI GEVI JY RYQMX R
*VER'E RGMIVEVIE HI PE 7ER+MYPMERS.
:- (YQRI^IYP SEQIRMPSV FYRM 1M WI HHYWI R WJV#MX WEVGMRE TI GEVI
XVIFYME W-S RHITPMRIWG R QM#GEVIE GI YVQE W EMF PSG #M-S TVMQMWIQ JV W-S
QEM HMWGYX.
-RXVEWIQ R WIVZMGMYP WXEXYPYM GE QEXIPSX HI TVMQ GPEW, TI JVIKEXE11
)YV]HMGI. (EV QMWMYRIE QIE IVE HI E JEGI EGSPS TVS^IPM'M TIRXVY 6IZSPY'MI #M
Q EGLMXEWIQ HI IE GX TYXYWIQ QEM FMRI.
R GE^YP R GEVI QM#GEVIE M^FYXI, IY #M XSZEV#MM QIM XVIFYME W TYRIQ
WXTRMVI TI JVIKEX #M W-S 'MRIQ PE HMWTS^M'ME VITYFPMGERMPSV.
2YQEM G IY RY ZSMWIQ, R R4GVEVIE TI GEVI S WMQ'IEQ, W MEY TEVXI
PE EGIEWX JETX. %Y^MWIQ G EZIE W M^FYGRIEWG S QM#GEVI PE +IRSZE #M G,
R EGIEWX QM#GEVI, EZIEY W TYR WXTRMVI TI GE^EVQE NERHEVQMPSV WMXYEX
R TME'E 7EV^ERE. %Q PWEX R WIEQE XSZEV#MPSV QIM KVMNE HI E TYRI WXTRMVI
TI ZEW #M R GIEWYP R GEVI XVIFYME W M^FYGRIEWG QM#GEVIE PE +IRSZE, EQ
GSFSVX S FEVG TI QEVI #M EQ EGSWXEX PE ZEQ. (I EGSPS, HMR HSY WEPXYVM,
EQ JSWX R TME'E 7EV^ERE, YRHI, GYQ EQ QEM WTYW, IVE WMXYEX GE^EVQE.
%Q E#XITXEX EGSPS ETVSETI S SV; HEV RY EZMM PSG RMGM S EHYREVI.
'YVRH WI VWTRHM ^ZSRYP G TPERYP HHYWI KVI# #M G VITYFPMGERMM
JYKMWIV.
7I QEM WTYRIE G WI JGYWIV #M EVIWXVM.
'YQ RY Q ERKENEWIQ R QEVMRE WEVH HIGX TIRXVY E WPYNM QM#GEVIE
VITYFPMGER GI WI TVIKXIE. %Q WSGSXMX MRYXMP W Q QEM RXSVG TI FSVHYP
)YV]HMGIM #M Q-EQ KRHMX PE JYK.
R QSQIRXYP GRH QM JGIEQ EGIWXI TPERYVM, RM#XI XVYTI TVIZIRMXI, JV
RHSMEP, HI TVSMIGXYP VITYFPMGERMPSV HI E TYRI WXTRMVI TI GE^EVQE
NERHEVQMPSV, RGITYV W QTVIWSEVI TME'E. %Q R'IPIW G RY QEM IVE XMQT HI
TMIVHYX. 1-EQ VIJYKMEX PE S JVYGXVIEW #M M-EQ QVXYVMWMX WMXYE'ME R GEVI Q
E4EQ. %HQMVEFMPE JIQIMI RY #SZM; Q EWGYRWI R GEQIVE HMR JYRHYP
TVZPMIM, QM JGY VSWX HI LEMRI 'VRI#XM, #M WIEVE GXVI SVIPI STX, QIVKRH
GE #M GYQ Q-E# 3 HYW PE TPMQFEVI, EQ MI#MX HMR +IRSZE TVMR TSEVXE 0ERXIVRIM,
RGITRH EWXJIP EGIEWX ZME' HI I\MP, HI PYTX #M HI TVMKSER, TI GEVI, HYT
XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, R-EQ WXVFXYX-S RG TR PE GETX.
)VE R 5 JIFVYEVMI 1834.
*V E YVQE ZVIYR HVYQ ERYQMX, Q-EQ RHVITXEX WTVI QYRXI.
%ZIEQ S QYP'MQI HI KVHMRM HI XVEZIVWEX, S QYP'MQI HI ^MHYVM HI WVMX.
(MR JIVMGMVI, IVEQ SFM#RYMX GY EGIWX JIP HI I\IVGM'MM, #M, HYT S SV HI
KMQREWXMG, Q #M E4EQ HMRGSPS HI YPXMQE KVHMR, HI TEVXIE GIEPEPX E
YPXMQYPYM ^MH.
'SRHYGRHY-Q HYT GSRWXIPE'ME 'EWMSTIMM, EQ ENYRW TI RP'MQMPI HI PE
7IWXVM. (YT ^IGI ^MPI, WEY QEM FMRI ^MW HYT ^IGI RST'M, EQ WSWMX PE 2MWE,
YRHI Q-EQ HYW KPSR' PE GEWE QXY#MM QIPI, R TME'E :MGXSVMIM, HSVMRH W-S
TVIZMR TI QEQE, GE W R-S WTIVMM TVIE XEVI.
%GSPS, Q-EQ SHMLRMX S ^M, #M, R RSETXIE YVQXSEVI, EQ TSVRMX-S MEV PE
HVYQ, RXSZV#MX HI HSM TVMIXIRM, .SWITL .ERY #M %RKI +YWXEZMRM.
%NYR#M PE :EV, P KWL'Q YQ4EX HI TPSM; HEV, TIRXVY YR RSXXSV GE QMRI,
EWXE RY IVE S TMIHMG. P XVEZIVWEM NYQXEXI R TMGMSEVI #M NYQXEXI RSX. 'IM HSM
TVMIXIRM EM QIM VQWIWIV HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E 4YZMYPYM. 0I JGYM YR WIQR HI
EHMS. )VEQ WGTEX, WEY ETVSETI WGTEX, HYT GYQ WI ZE ZIHIE.
'Y EGIEWX GVIHMR', Q-EQ RHVITXEX JV #SZMVI WTVI YR. 'SVT HI
KEVH EP ZEQI#MPSV. 0I-EQ WTYW GMRI IVEQ #M TIRXVY GI TVWMWIQ +IRSZE.
:EQI#MM HIGPEVEV G IVEQ TVM^SRMIVYP PSV TR PE YR RSY SVHMR, #M G EGIWX
SVHMR EZIEY W-P GIEV HI PE 4EVMW.
+RHMRHY-Q G S W KWIWG R GYVRH ZVIYR TVMPIN W WGET, R-EQ STYW
RMGM S VI^MWXIR'. 1-EQ PWEX GSRHYW PE +VEWWI #M HI PE +VEWWI PE (VEKYMKRER.
0E (VEKYMKRER EQ JSWX FKEX RXV-S GEQIV HI PE TVMQYP IXEN, E GVIM
JIVIEWXV HIWGLMW HHIE RXV-S KVHMR.
1-EQ ETVSTMEX HI JIVIEWXV GE #M GYQ E# 3 GIVGIXEX TVMZIPM#XIE; HI PE
JIVIEWXV TR PE TQRX RY IVEY HIGX ZVIS GMRGMWTVI^IGI TMGMSEVI. %Q WVMX
#M R XMQT GI ZEQI#MM, QEM TY'MR WTVMRXIRM WEY 'MRRH QEM QYPX PE TMGMSEVIPI PSV
HIGX QMRI, JGIEY YR QEVI SGSP TI WGEV, IY EQ ENYRW TI TSXIG, MEV HI TI
TSXIG EQ TSVRMX-S WTVI QYRXI.
2Y GYRS#XIEQ HVYQYP; HEV IVEQ QEVMREV. (EG RY EZIEQ TQRXYP,
QM VQRIE GIVYP, EGIEWX QEVI GEVXI R GEVI IVEQ SFM#RYMX W-QM GMXIWG
HVYQYP. 'PY^MRHY-Q HYT WXIPI, Q-EQ RHVITXEX WTVI 1EVWMPME.
% HSYE ^M WIEVE, EQ ENYRW RXV-YR WEX EP GVYM RYQI RY P-EQ #XMYX
RMGMSHEX, EZRH EPXGIZE QEM FYR HI JGYX HIGX W Q MRXIVIWI^ HIWTVI EWXE.
%Q MRXVEX RXV-YR LER. 9R FVFEX XRV #M S JIQIMI XRV WI RGP^IEY
PRK QEWE TVIKXMX TIRXVY GMR.
'IVYM GIZE HI QRGEVI, RY TYWIWIQ RMQMG R KYV HMR ENYR. 'MRE IVE
FYR, ZMRYP HI VIKMYRI TPGYX, JSGYP ETVMRW. %Q RGIVGEX YRYP HMR EGIPI
QSQIRXI HI FYR HMWTS^M'MI GEVI XI GYTVMRHI HYT GI EM WGTEX HMRXV-S
TVMQINHMI #M GRH GVI^M G RY QEM EM E XI XIQI HI RMQMG. +E^HE Q JIPMGMX
TIRXVY WXVE#RMGE QIE TSJX HI QRGEVI #M TIRXVY GLMTYP QIY ZIWIP.
EQ WTYW G RY-M RMQMG HI QMVEVI R TSJXE QIE HI QRGEVI, GGM RY
QRGEWIQ HI STXWTVI^IGI SVI. 'X HIWTVI GLMTYP QIY ZIWIP, I\TPMGE'ME IVE PE
JIP HI WMQTP: R 'EVE QIE, WGTEWIQ TVSFEFMP HI QSEVXI, R *VER'E HI
RGLMWSEVI.
:SVFMRH EXXE, RY QEM TYXIEQ W 'MR WIGVIX VIWXYP. +E^HE QIE TVIE S
3VI EXX HI HIWGLMW, RIZEWXE TVIE EXX HI FYR, RGX PI-EQ TSZIWXMX XSXYP.
%XYRGM, WTVI QEVIE QIE WYVTVMRHIVI, EQ Z^YX GLMTYP KE^HIM
RXYRIGRHY-WI.
)M FMRI, GI EZI'M# P RXVIFEM.
(YT QVXYVMWMVIE TI GEVI QM-E'M JGYX-S, Q ZH WMPMX, GY GSR#XMMR'E
QTGEX, W Z EVIWXI^, QM VWTYRWI IP.
%Q RGITYX W VMH, RIZVRH W EQ EIVYP G MEY R WIVMSW GIPI WTYWI. (I
EPXJIP, R WMXYE'ME HI YRYP GSRXVE YRYP, RY I\MWXE SQ TI PYQI HI GEVI W-QM 3I
JVMG.
&MRI! EQ ^MW. 7 Q EVIWXE'M; S W EZI'M XSX XMQTYP W Q EVIWXE'M PE
HIWIVX. 0WE'M-Q W-QM WJV#IWG GMRE; GLMEV HEG Z TPXIWG HYFPY, XSX QEM QM-
I JSEQI.
"M GSRXMRYEM W QRRG JV W Q EVX GXY#M HI TY'MR RIPMRM#XMX.
(EV GYVRH EQ FKEX HI WIEQ G, HEG KE^HE QIE EV 3 EZYX RIZSMI
HI GMRIZE TIRXVY E-#M RHITPMRM TVSMIGXYP TI GEVI #M-P I\TVMQEWI, R-EV 3 JSWX
PMTWMX HI ENYXSV.
,ERYP WY IVE PSGYP HI RXPRMVI EP XMRIVIXYPYM WEXYPYM; R 3IGEVI WIEV,
ZIRIEY EMGM 4GM IE W FIE, W JYQI^I, W E4I RSYX'M, W HMWGYXI TSPMXMG.
3FM#RYMXE WSGMIXEXI WI EHYR RGIX-RIIX, #M R GYVRH WI E4EV R LER
ZVIS ^IGI XMRIVM GEVI NYGEY GV'M.
+E^HE RY QEM EHYWI ZSVFE HIWTVI EVIWXEVIE QIE, HEV XSXY#M RY Q
WPFIE HMR SGLM.
)WXI EHIZVEX G, RXVYGX RY EZIEQ RMGM GIP QEM QMG TEGLIX GY QMRI,
QFVGQMRXIE QIE RY TYXIE W EGSTIVI GSRWYQE'ME.
%ZIEQ GIZE FERM R FY^YREV #M-M JGYM W WYRI; ^SVRMXYP PSV TVY W-P
PMRM#XIEWG RXVYGXZE TI LERKMY.
%Q EPIW QSQIRXYP GRH YRYP HMRXVI FYXSVM XSGQEM WJV#MWI, R QMNPSGYP
WXVMKXIPSV HI FVEZS, YR GRXIG GI WI FYGYVEWI HMR TPMR HI WYGGIW #M, GY YR
TELEV R QR, EQ ^MW:
) VRHYP QIY.
"M EQ RGITYX W MRXSRI^ (YQRI^IYP SEQIRMPSV FYRM.
(EG R-E# 3 EZYX EPX ZSGE'MI, E# 3 TYXYX W Q JEG GRXVI'; EQ S ZSGI
HI XIRSV GEVI, HEG EV 3 JSWX GYPXMZEX, EV 3 TYXYX W HSFRHIEWG S ERYQMX
MRXIRWMXEXI.
:IVWYVMPI PYM &IVERKIV, JVERGLI'E GY GEVI IVEY GRXEXI, JVEXIVRMXEXIE
VIJVIRYPYM, TSTYPEVMXEXIE TSIXYPYM GYGIVMV XSEX EWMWXIR'E.
1 TYWIV W VITIX HSY, XVIM GYTPIXI, JYM QFV'M#EX PE YPXMQYP GYTPIX #M
WXVMKEV: 8VMEWG &IVERKIV! 8VMEWG *VER'E! 8VMEWG -XEPME!
(YT YR EXEVI WYGGIW RY QEM TYXIE 3 ZSVFE W 3Y EVIWXEX; KE^HE QIE
RY QEM WY4E YR GYZRX, EWXJIP RGX R-EQ #XMYX RMGMSHEX HEG ZSVFMWI WIVMSW
WEY JGYWI HSEV S KPYQ.
%Q TIXVIGYX RSETXIE GRXRH, NYGRH, FRH; ETSM E HSYE ^M, HMW-HI-
HMQMRIE', RXVIEKE GIEX ZIWIP WI SJIVM W Q GSRHYG, GMRWXI TI GEVI
FMRIR'IPIW G S TVMQMM; RY RI-EQ HIWTV'MX HIGX HYT #EWI QMPI HI HVYQ.
(IWMKYV, &IVERKIV E QYVMX JV W #XMI GI QEVI WIVZMGMY QM-E JGYX -RXVY
R WIVZMGMYP VITYFPMGMM 6MS-+VERHI %Q WSWMX PE 1EVWMPME JV EGGMHIRX, PE
HSY^IGM HI ^MPI HYT GI TVWMWIQ +IRSZE.
1 R#IP QM WI RXQTPEWI YR EGGMHIRX TI GEVI P-EQ GMXMX R 0I TIYTPI
WSYZIVEMR.
*YWIWIQ GSRHEQREX PE QSEVXI. )VE TIRXVY TVMQE SEV G EZIEQ
GMRWXIE W-QM ZH RYQIPI XMTVMX RXV-YR ^MEV.
(ISEVIGI HMR GPMTE EGIIE IVE TVMQINHMSW W-QM QEM TWXVI^ RYQIPI, P-
EQ WGLMQFEX GY EGIPE HI 4ERI.
%Q VQEW GXIZE PYRM JV SGYTE'MI PE 1EVWMPME, JSPSWMRHY-Q HI
SWTMXEPMXEXIE TI GEVI QM-S HHIE YRYP HMR TVMIXIRMM QIM, GY RYQIPI HI .SWITL
4EVMW.
R WJV#MX, EQ M^FYXMX W MRXVY GE WIGYRH TI FSVHYP ZEWYPYM 0'9RMSR14,
GTMXER +E^E.
(YQMRMGE YVQXSEVI, E4RHY-Q GXVI SVIPI GMRGM WIEVE PE JIVIEWXVE HMR
WTEXI, QTVIYR GY GTMXERYP, YVQVIEQ GY TVMZMVIE, TI WYF GLIMYP 7EMRXI-
%RRI, YR IPIZ R ZEGER', GEVI WI HMWXVE WVMRH HMRXV-S FEVG RXV-EPXE, GRH
HISHEX M EPYRIG TMGMSVYP. 7GSEWI YR 'MTX #M G^Y R QEVI.
)VEQ QFVGEX, HI WVFXSEVI; HEV PE ZIHIVIE EGGMHIRXYPYM, PE WXVMKXIPI
GSTMPYPYM, Z^RHY-P HMWTVRH, Q EVYRGEM, QFVGEX #M RGP'EX GYQ IVEQ, R
VEHE TSVXYPYM. (I HSY SVM Q GYJYRHEM R ^EHEV; E XVIME SEV, EQ EZYX RSVSGYP
W-P ETYG TI IPIZ HI WYF'MSEV #M W-P VIEHYG PE WYTVEJE'.
3 HEX EGSPS, RY-QM JY KVIY W-P QTMRK TR TI GLIM; S MQIRW QYP'MQI
WI #M WXVRWIWI EGSPS #M Q TVMQM GY ETPEY^I #M WXVMKXI HI FVEZS. &MEXYP IVE
YR XRV HI TEMWTVI^IGI ERM, GEVI WI RYQIE .SWITL 6EQFEYH. 0EGVMQMPI HI
FYGYVMI #M FMRIGYZRXVMMI QEQIM PYM Q VWTPXMV HMR TPMR TIRXVY FEME TI
GEVI S JGYWIQ. (ISEVIGI IY M-EQ WEPZEX ZME'E WYF RYQIPI HI .SWITL 4ERI,
IWXI TVSFEFMP G HEG QEM XVMI#XI, R-E #XMYX RMGMSHEX EHIZVEXYP RYQI EP
GIPYM GEVI P-E WEPZEX.
0E FSVHYP ZEWYPYM 0'9RMSR, EQ RXVITVMRW E XVIME QIE GPXSVMI PE
3HIWE; ETSM, PE RXSEVGIVI, Q-EQ QFEVGEX TI S JVIKEX E FIMYPYM HMR 8YRMW.
%Q TVWMX-S R TSVXYP 0E +SYPIXXI #M Q-EQ RXSVW GY YR FVMG XYVGIWG, MEV PE
RXSEVGIVI, EQ KWMX 1EVWMPME ETVSETI R EGIIE#M WXEVI R GEVI E Z^YX-S
HSQRYP HI &IP^YRGI, TI XMQTYP GMYQIM RIKVI HMR 1720.
3VE#YP WI E4E R TPMR VIGVYHIWGIR' E LSPIVIM.
8SEX PYQIE, R EJEV HI QIHMGM #M WYVSVM HI GEVMXEXI, JYKMWI HMR 1EVWMPME.
*MIGEVI IVE PE GEWE PYM HI PE 'EV; SVE#YP EZIE RJ'M#EVIE YRYM ZEWX GMQMXMV.
1IHMGMM GIVIEY FIRIZSPM12. 7I #XMI G EGIWXE IWXI RYQIPI GI WI H R
WTMXEPI ENYXSEVIPSV HI FYR ZSMI.
1-EQ SJIVMX, QTVIYR GY YR GIX'IER HMR 8VMIWX, GEVI WI VIRXSVGIE
QTVIYR GY QMRI HI PE 8YRMW. 2I WXEFMPMVQ HI3RMXMZ PE LSXIP #M RI QTV'MVQ
KV^MPI: 7IVZMGMYP HYV GMRGMWTVI^IGI ^MPI.
(YT XVIGIVIE EGIWXYM VWXMQT, HISEVIGI GMYQE WPFMWI R MRXIRWMXEXI #M
IY KWMWIQ YR TVMPIN W Q ERKENI^ #M, HIGM, W ZH 'VM RSM, Q-EQ XSGQMX GE
WIGYRH TI FSVHYP FVMGYPYM13 0I 2EYXSRRMIV HMR 2ERXIW, KEXE HI TPIGEVI WTVI
6MS-HI-.ERIMVS, GTMXER 3MRH &IEYVIKEVH.
1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM 'SVEFMI QEVI GY HSY GEXEVKI, GY TR^I
TXVEXI #M YRISVM GY QSXSV.
1YP'M HMRXVI TVMIXIRMM QIM QM-EY WTYW G IVEQ, REMRXI HI SVMGI, YR TSIX.
(EG RY I#XM TSIX HIGX GY GSRHM'ME HI E JYVM -PMEHE WEY (MZMRE
'SQIHMI, 1IHMXE'MMPI PYM 0EQEVXMRI WEY 3VMIRXEPIPI PYM :MGXSV ,YKS, EXYRGM IY
RY TSX 3 TSIX; HEV HEG I#XM TSIX 3MRHG-'M TIXVIGM GIEWYVMPI GXRH R ETIPI
E^YVMM #M EHRGM QMWXIVIPI ZIKIXE'MIM WYFQEVMRI; HEG I#XM TSIX 3MRHG VQM
R I\XE^ HMREMRXIE KSPJYPYM HI PE 6MS HI .ERIMVS, HI PE 2IETSPI WEY HI PE
'SRWXERXMRSTSP; HEG I#XM TSIX 3MRHG ZMWI^M PE HVEKSWXIE 3PMEP, PE EQMRXMVMPI
HMR GSTMPVMI WEY PE HVEKSWXIE HMR EHSPIWGIR', R QMNPSGYP KPSER'IPSV #M EP
KLMYPIPIPSV, JV W XI KRHI#XM G ZMWYP XY TSEXI W WI WJV#IEWG GY GETYP
WTEVX WEY GY YR FVE' WQYPW IM FMRI, EXYRGM WYRX #M IY TSIX.
QM EQMRXIWG G RXV-S ^M, R XMQTYP YPXMQYPYM V^FSM HI#M ^HVSFMX HI
SFSWIEP, RIHSVQMX HI HSY RST'M, EFME GSFSVX HI TI GEPYP TI GEVI GPVMWIQ
HSY ^MPI R #MV, RIWPFMRHY-P S GPMT TI JIPHQEVI#EPYP EYWXVMEG 9VFER, GE #M TI
GIM HSYWTVI^IGI QMM HI SEQIRM EM PYM, GY GIM TEXVY^IGM HI FIVWEPMIVM EM QIM,
TEXVY^IGM HI GEZEPIVM#XM #M S QMI HI SEQIRM REVQE'M HI FMRI HI VY, WYMRH S
QMG TSXIG HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E QYRXIPYM 3VJERS, QTVIYR GY GSPSRIPYP 8YVV
#M GY GMRGM WEY #EWI SEQIRM, Q-EQ STVMX HMRXV-S HEX, YMXRH HI SFSWIEP #M HI
TVMQINHMI, GE W EWGYPX S TVMZMKLIXSEVI GRXRH. )VE RSETXI, GY GPEV HI PYR #M
S ZVIQI WTPIRHMH; TEWVIE WIQRE, R ZRX, #MVYP IM HI RSXI EVQSRMSEWI #M
QM WI TVIE, EWGYPXRH-S TI EGIEWX QMG TVMIXIR E ERMPSV QIM HI XMRIVI'I,
G WMQ'IEQ GYQ TMGYV TIWXI QMRI S VSY FMRIJGXSEVI #M RXVIQXSEVI. 'IM
GI Q RGSRNYVEY GVI^YV WEY G #SZMEQ EWYTVE HVYQYPYM HI YVQEX, WEY G
EWGYPXEQ ZVIYR ^KSQSX RHITVXEX HI XYR, FYFYMRH, WEY HI XVSTSX HI GEM
VWYRRH TI #SWIE. 2Y, EWGYPXEQ GRXRH TVMZMKLIXSEVIE GVIME HI ^IGI ERM
TSEXI RY-M QEM EY^MWIQ ZMIVWYP #M I\XE^YP HYV RY RYQEM TR GRH GIM GEVI
Q RGSRNYVEY QM VITIXEV HI HSY WEY HI XVIM SVM: +IRIVEPI, YMXI
HY#QERYP!, GM TR GI HY#QERYP, WTYRRH IP RWY#M: -EX-Q!, #M XVKRH
EWYTVE RSEWXV, S JGY TI ZVNMXSEVIE RST'MM W-#M ME ^FSVYP.
%#EHEV, GRH, HYT GI-EQ QIVW HI-E PYRKYP WXRGMPSV HI KVERMX GEVI
EWGYRH EXX HI FMRI ZIHIVMM XYXYVSV TSVXYP 6MS HI .ERIMVS, RGX MRHMIRMM, R
PMQFENYP PSV I\TVIWMZ, P-EY RYQMX 2IPLIVS L], EHMG ET EWGYRW; GRH, HYT
GI-EQ WXVFXYX XVIGIVIE GI HYGI R QMGYP KSPJ PMRM#XMX GE YR PEG; GRH, TI
QEVKMRIE SGGMHIRXEP E EGIWXYM KSPJ, EQ Z^YX RP'RHY-WI SVE#YP HSQMREX HI
4S HI %GYGEV 1, MQIRW WXRG HI JSVQ GSRMG GI WPYNI#XI RY HI JEV, GM HI
NEPSR REZMKEXSVYPYM; GRH EQ Z^YX VMHMGRHY-WI R NYVYP QIY EGIEWX REXYV
PY\YVMERX HIWTVI GEVI %JVMGE #M %WME RY-QM TYXYWIV HE HIGX S WPEF MHII,
EQ VQEW GY EHIZVEX YPYMX HI TVMZIPM#XIE GI WI HIWJ#YVE R JE'E QIE.
3 HEX MRXVEX R TSVXYP SVE#YPYM 6MS HI .ERIMVS, RSVSGYP QM WGSEWI, JV
^FEZ, R GEPI GIP QEM VEV PYGVY GI I\MWX TI PYQIE EWXE: YR TVMIXIR.
4I EGIWXE R-E JSWX RIZSMI W-P GEYX, R-EQ EZYX RIZSMI W RI GIVGIXQ
WTVI E RI GYRSE#XI; RI-EQ RXPRMX, EQ WGLMQFEX S TVMZMVI #M XSXYP E JSWX
WTYW; HYT YR ^QFIX, HYT S WXVRKIVI HI QR, IVEQ, 6SWIXXM #M GY QMRI,
JVE'M TI ZME'.
1EM XV^MY ZSM EZIE TVMPINYP W WTYR GMRI IVE EGIWX WY4IX HI IPMX; #M
XSXY#M IY, TVMIXIRYP PYM, IY, JVEXIPI PYM, EXXE ZVIQI RIHIWTV'MX HI IP, ZSM QYVM
TSEXI JV W 3 EZYX QRKMIVIE HI E R3KI S GVYGI R EGIWX TYRGX RI#XMYX EP
TQRXYPYM EQIVMGER YRHI WI SHMLRIWG SEWIPI EGIWXYM SQ KIRIVSW #M ZMXIE^.
(YT GI 6SWWIXXM #M GY QMRI EQ TIXVIGYX GXIZE PYRM R XVRHZMI
RYQIWG XVRHZMI E TVEGXMGE YR GSQIV' TIRXVY GEVI RMGMYRYP, RMGM GIPPEPX RY
IVEQ RWGY'M RXQTPEVIE JGY W MRXVQ R VIPE'MI IY >EQFIGEVVM,
WIGVIXEVYP PYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW, TVI#IHMRXIPI VITYFPMGMM 6MS-+VERHI HI 7YP GEVI
WI E4E R V^FSM GY &VE^MPME. %QRHSM IVEY TVM^SRMIVM 'MI V^FSM PE 7ERXE 'VY^,
JSVXVIE' GI WI VMHMG HI TEVXIE HVIETX, PE MRXVEVIE R TSVX #M HI YRHI EVI PSG
WXVMKEVIE ZEWIPSV. >EQFIGEVVM, GEVI, W-S WTYRIQ R XVIEGX, IVE 3YP JEMQSWYPYM
EIVSREYX HMWTVYX RXV-S GPXSVMI R 7MVME #M HIWTVI GEVI RY W-E QEM EY^MX
ZSVFMRHY-WI RMGMSHEX, QM JGY GYRS#XMR' GY TVI#IHMRXIPI GEVI QM HHY
WGVMWSVM HI QTYXIVRMGMVI TIRXVY E WXZMPM I\TIHM'MMPI HI TMVE'M QTSXVMZE
&VE^MPMIM.
(YT GXZE XMQT, &IRXS +SR^EPIW #M >EQFIGEVVM WGTEV RSX #M
ENYRWIV GY FMRI R 6MS-+VERHI.
:--- 'SVWEV %Q EVQEX, HI V^FSM, QMGYP FEWXMQIRX 1E^^MRM, GEQ HI
ZVIS XVIM^IGM HI XSRI, PE FSVHYP GVYME JGIEQ GEFSXENYP; EQ TSVRMX-S TI QEVI
GY #EMWTVI^IGI XSZEV#M HI EZIRXYVM. )VEQ, E#EHEV, R WJV#MX, PMFIVM, REZMKEQ
WYF YR HVETIP VITYFPMGER, IVEQ HIGM GSVWEVM!
'Y #EMWTVI^IGI SEQIRM HVITX IGLMTEN #M GY S FEVG, RSM HIGPEVEQ V^FSM
YRYM MQTIVMY.
-I#MRH HMR TSVX, EQ PYEX-S HVITX WTVI MRWYPIPI 1EVMSE, WMXYEXI PE GMRGM WEY
#EWI QMPI HI MRXVEVIE R VEH, 'MRRH-S TI WXRKE; EVQIPI #M QYRM'MMPI PI
EWGYRWIWIQ WYF GEVRIE EJYQEX GY QERMSG, WMRKYVE LVER E RIKVMPSV. 1
RHVITXEM WTVI GIE QEM QEVI HMR EGIWXI. -RWYPI GEVI EVI YR PSG HI ERGSVEVI;
EQ EVYRGEX ERGSVE, EQ WVMX TI TQRX #M Q-EQ YVGEX TI GIP QEM REPX PSG.
%GSPS, QM-EQ HIWJGYX PEVK FVE'IPI, GY YR WIRXMQIRX HI FYR HMWTS^M'MI
#M HI QRGMVMI, #M EQ WGSW YR GLMSX EWIQIRIE ZYPXYVYPYM GI TPYXI#XI R XVMMPI
Z^HYLYPYM.
3GIERYP QM ETEV'MRIE #M IY MRXVEQ R TSWIWME MQTIVMYPYM QIY. 4VMPINYP RY
RXV^MI W WI EVEXI, TIRXVY E-QM HSZIHM TYXIVIE EWYTVE PYM.
R XMQT GI, RXSGQEM GE S TEWVI HI QEVI, WXXIEQ G'VEX WYW, R
SFWIVZEXSVYP QIY, EQ ^VMX S KSIPIX GI REZMKE WYF TEZMPMSR FVE^MPMER.
%Q JGYX WIQR W WI TVIKXIEWG XSXYP TIRXVY E S TSVRM MEV TI QEVI, #M
EQ GSFSVX TI TPEN.
2I-EQ RHVITXEX KPSR' WTVI KSIPIX, GEVI RY FRYME GI TVMQINHMI S
E#XIETX, PE HSY WEY XVIM QMPI HITVXEVI HI #IREPYP2 HMR 6MS HI .ERIMVS.
3TVMRH-S, EQ EVXEX GMRI WYRXIQ #M EQ WSQEX-S W WI TVIHIE; KSIPIX,
XVIFYMI W VIGYRSE#XIQ EGIWX PYGVY, RY STYWI RMGM S VI^MWXIR'. 2I-EQ YVGEX
TI FSVH #M EQ TYW WXTRMVI TI ZEW.
%XYRGM EQ Z^YX ZIRMRH WTVI QMRI YR TVPMX HI TEWEKIV TSVXYKLI^ GEVI
'MRIE R QR S GEWIX. 3 HIWGLMWI: IVE TPMR HI HMEQERXI; QM-S SJIVIE GE W-
#M VWGYQTIVI ZME'E.
%Q RGLMW GETEGYP GYXMIM #M M-EQ RETSMEX-S, WTYRRHY-M G ZME'E PYM RY WI
E4 R RMGM S TVMQINHMI; G, TVMR YVQEVI, TYXIE W-#M TWXVI^I HMEQERXIPI
TIRXVY YR TVMPIN QEM FYR.
(EV R-EZIEQ XMQT HI TMIVHYX; IVEQ RXVYGXZE WYF JSGYP FEXIVMMPSV HMR
TSVX. %Q XVERWTSVXEX EVQIPI #M EPMQIRXIPI HI TI 1E^^MRM41 TI KSIPIX, #M EQ
WGYJYRHEX ZEWYP 1E^^MRM44, GEVI; HYT GYQ ZIHI'M, EZY S KPSVMSEW, HEV
WGYVX I\MWXIR' HI GSVWEV.
+SIPIX ETEV'MRIE YRYM EYWXVMEG FSKEX GEVI PSGYME R MRWYPE +VERHI
WMXYEX TI HVIETXE, GYQ MI#M HMR TSVX, GEQ PE GMRGMWTVI^IGI QMPI HITVXEVI HI
YWGEX; ZEWYP IVE RGVGEX GY GEJIE, TI GEVI TVSTVMIXEVYP IM S XVMQMXIE R
)YVSTE.
4IRXVY QMRI IVE HIGM S TVEH RHSMX HI FYR, RXVYGX ETEV'MRIE YRYM
EYWXVMEG QTSXVMZE GVYME TYVXEWIQ V^FSM R )YVSTE #M YRYM RIKYWXSV
HSQMGMPMEX R &VE^MPME, 'EV QTSXVMZE GVIME TYVXEQ V^FSM R %QIVMGE.
1M-EQ FSXI^EX KSIPIX 7GEVVS TMPPE, HIVMZE'MI HMR *EVVETSM7, SEQIRM R
^HVIR'I, RYQI TI GEVI MQTIVMYP &VE^MPMIM P HHIE PSGYMXSVMPSV XMRIVIPSV
VITYFPMGM EPI %QIVMGMM HI 7YH, HYT GYQ *MPMT EP PIE M FSXI^EWI GEPMGM EM
TQRXYPYM #M EM QVMM44 TI V^ZVXM'MM HMR &VMPI HI .SW. 4R EXYRGM KSIPIXE WI
RYQMWI 0YM, WE.
%GIWX RYQI, HI EPXJIP, RM WI TSXVMZIE HIWXYP HI FMRI. 2Y XS'M XSZEV#MM
QIM IVEY RM#XI 6SWWIXXM #M XVIFYMI W QVXYVMWIWG G GLMTYVMPI QYPXSVE HMRXVI IM
RY EZIEY HEVYP W XI PMRM#XIEWG; EWXE #M I\TPMG TVIHEVIE KVEFRMG E KSIPIXIM
#M KVSE^E TSVXYKLI^YPYM GI-QM SJIVMWI HMEQERXIPI PYM.
(EV R XSX XMQTYP GX EQ I\IVGMXEX QIWIVME HI GSVWEV, SEQIRMM QIM EY
TVMQMX SVHMRYP W VIWTIGXI ZME'E, SRSEVIE #M EZIVIE GPXSVMPSV IVE W WTYR,
WYF EQIRMR'EVIE TIHITWIM GY QSEVXIE; HEV E# 3 KVI#MX HEG WTYRIEQ E#E,
3MRHG SVHMRIPI QIPI 3MRH VIWTIGXEXI RXSXHIEYRE R-EQ JSWX WMPMX RMGMSHEX W
TIHITWIWG TI RMQIRM.
-QIHMEX HYT TVMQIPI QWYVM PYEXI TI FSVH, RI-EQ RHVITXEX REZE WTVI
6MS HI PE 4PEXE; #M TIRXVY E HE YR I\IQTPY HI JIPYP GYQ ZSMEQ W 3I
VIWTIGXEXI TI ZMMXSV, ZME'E, PMFIVXEXIE #M FYRYVMPI TVM^SRMIVMPSV RS#XVM, GRH EQ
ENYRW R HVITXYP MRWYPIM 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, TY'MR QEM WYW HI GETYP -XETSGSVS]E,
EQ SVHSREX W WI PEWI PE ET MSP'E FEWXMQIRXYPYM GETXYVEX, EQ TYW W WI
GSFSEVI S HEX GY TEWEKIVMM XSX GI PI ETEV'MRIE, EQ SVHSREX W PM WI HIE
EPMQIRXI #M, HVYMRHY-PI MSPE, M-EQ PWEX PMFIVM W TPIGI YRHI ZSV HSVM.
'MRGM RIKVM, WGPEZM HI TI FSVHYP KSIPIXIM #M GVSVE PI VIHEWIQ PMFIVXEXIE,
WI ERKENEV TI FSVHYP QIY GE QEXIPS'M; ETSM RI-EQ GSRXMRYEX HVYQYP WTVI 6MS
HI PE 4PEXE.
2I-EQ HYW W EVYRGQ ERGSVE PE 1EPHSREXS, WXEX HMR 6ITYFPMGE
SVMIRXEP E 9VYKYE]YPYM.
%Q JSWX TVMQM'M EHQMVEFMP HI TSTYPE'MI, #M GLMEV HI EYXSVMX'MPI HMR
1EPHSREXS, GIIE GI RM W-E TVYX HI YR I\GIPIRX EYKYV. 6SWWIXXM TPIG, TVMR
YVQEVI, PMRM#XMX, WTVI 1SRXIZMHIS GE W EVERNI^I EGSPS QMGMPI RSEWXVI EJEGIVM,
EHMG W ZRH S TEVXI HMR RGVGXYVE RSEWXV #M W SF'MR FERM TI IE.
2SM EQ VQEW PE 1EPHSREXS, EHMG ME MRXVEVIE EGIWXYM WTPIRHMH 4YZMY
GEVI PE ZVWEVIE PYM QWSEV XVIM^IGM HI PIKLI R P'MQI, XMQT HI STX ^MPI GI WI
WGYVWIWIV R WIVFVM RIRXVIVYTXI GEVI IVEY GX TI-EGM W WI WJV#IWG RXV-YR
GLMT XVEKMG. 3VMFI, GEVI, R GEPMXEXIE PYM HI #IJ EP VITYFPMGMM 1SRXIZMHIS, RY
VIGYRS#XIE GIPIPEPXI VITYFPMGM, HHY SVHMR #IJYPYM TSPMXMG HMR 1EPHSREXS W Q
EVIWXI^I #M W TYR QRE TI KSIPIX QIE. (MR JIVMGMVI, #IJYP TSPMXMG HMR
1EPHSREXS IVE YR SQ HI XVIEF GEVI, R PSG W I\IGYXI SVHMRYP TVMQMX, GIIE GI
R-EV 3 JSWX KVIY, HEX 3MRH G RY TVIE EZIEQ ZVIS FRYMEP, Q TVIZIRM G
XVIFYMI W TVWIWG GX QEM VITIHI PSGYP HI ERGSVEVI #M W Q RHVITX WTVI
'MRXE QIE, HEG EZIEQ ZVIYRE.
%Q JKHYMX W TPIG R EGIIE#M WGEV; HEV QEM REMRXI, EZIEQ #M IY, R
GIIE GI Q TVMZIE, S QMG WSGSXIEP HI RGLIMEX.
:RHYWIQ YRYM RIKYWXSV HMR 1SRXIZMHIS G'MZE WEGM HI GEJIE, PYE'M HMR
RGVGXYVE RSEWXV #M YRIPI FMNYXIVMM GI-M ETEV'MRIEY EYWXVMEGYPYM QIY, GE W
GYQTV EPMQIRXI. -RW, 3I G GYQTVXSVYP QIY IVE YR VY TPEXRMG, 3I G
EY^MWI WTYRRHY-WI G IVEQ R TIVMGSP HI E 3 EVIWXEX, QM JYWIWI GY RITYXMR'
W-QM GETX FERMM. (EV, Z^RHY-Q WMPMX W TPIG WIEVE, RY QEM EZIEQ XMQT HI
TMIVHYX #M TIRXVY QMRI IVE MQTSVXERX W-QM TVMQIWG TPEXE REMRXI HI E TVWM
1EPHSREXS, RXVYIX QM-EV 3 JSWX QEM KVIY W-S SF'MR R PMTW.
4VMR YVQEVI, GXVI SVE RSY WIEVE EQ HEX SVHMR W WI JEG TVIKXMVMPI HI
HVYQ #M, TYRRHY-QM TMWXSEPIPI PE GMRKXSEVI, QM-EQ EVYRGEX QERXEYE TI
YQIVM #M Q-EQ RHVITXEX R PMRM#XI WTVI PSGYMR'E RIKYWXSVYPYM QIY.
)VE YR WTPIRHMH GPEV HI PYR, EWXJIP RGX P ZIHIEQ HI HITEVXI TI SQYP
QIY, PYRH EIV R TVEKYP Y#MM WEPI; IP HI EWIQIRIE Q Z^Y, Q VIGYRSWGY #M-
QM JGY WIQR GY QRE W Q RHITVXI^, HRHY-QM HI R'IPIW TVMR EGIWX
WIQR G WYRX R TVMQINHMI. '
4VIJGRHY-Q G RY ZH RMQMG, Q-EQ RHVITXEX KPSR' WTVI IP, #M HVITX
SVMGI I\TPMGE'MI, M-EQ TYW TMWXSPYP R KX, ^MSRHY-M:
&ERMM QIM!
)P ZVY W-QM HIE PQYVMVM; HEV GRH M-EQ VITIXEX TIRXVY E XVIME SEV
EGIWXI HSY GYZMRXI: &ERMM QIM, Q FK R GEW #M-QM RYQV GIM HSY QMM
HI TEXEKSRM TI GEVI QM-M HEXSVE.
1M-EQ ZVX MEV TMWXSPYP PE GMRKXSEVI, QM-EQ PYEX HIWEKE WYF FVE' #M Q-
EQ RXSVW TI KSIPIX JV W 3 JSWX GXY#M HI TY'MR RKVMNSVEX.
0E SVE YRWTVI^IGI WIEVE, EQ VMHMGEX ERGSVE PYRH-S R WYWYP 4YZMYPYM 0E
4PEXE.
-< 0E 4PEXE R ^SVMM ^MPIM, WTVI QEVIE QIE QMVEVI, Q E4EQ R QMNPSGYP
WXRGMPSV HI PE 4MIHVEW 2IKVEW.
'YQ SEVI ENYRWIWIQ RXV-S EWIQIRIE WMXYE'MI, IY, GEVI RY E'MTMWIQ RMGM
QGEV YR QMRYX, IY, GEVI RIRGIXEX QM-EQ TMVSRMX SGLMM EWYTVE GSEWXIM, IY,
GEVI R RSETXIE EGIIE, VIHIZIRMX WYQFV HYT ETYWYP WSEVIPYM, RY
RGIXEWIQ S GPMT W GSRWYPX FYWSPE #M W Q GSRHYG HYT MRHMGE'MMPI IM#
2Y IVE QSQIRXYP W-QM TYR EGIEWX RXVIFEVI; TVMQINHME IVE MQIRW:
ETVIEY WXRGM PE WYTVEJE', PE FEFSVH #M PE XVMFSVH, R JE' #M R WTEXI; TYRXIE
IVE GSQTPIX EGSTIVMX HI WTYQ. %Q WVMX TI TYRXIE HI PE XVMRG, HRH SVHMR
PE FEFSVH W WI GVQIEWG R HMVIG'ME ZRXYPYM; R XMQT GI IGLMTENYP RHITPMRIE
EGIEWX QERIZV, ZRXYP PY GY IP QMGYP RSWXVY KEFMIV.
8SXY#M, HMR PSGYP YRHI IVEQ, HSQMREQ ZEWYP #M WXRGMPI, EWXJIP RGX
TYXIEQ W MRHMG HVYQYP TI VEVI XVIFYME W-P YVQI^I KSIPIX; GX HIWTVI IE,
IE #M GYQ EV 3 JSWX RWY4I'MX #M EV 3 GYRSWGYX TVMQINHME GI-S EQIRMR'E,
HIZIRM PE JIP HI HSGMP PE GVQ, GYQ IWXI GEPYP R JVY; R WJV#MX, HYT YR
GIEW, XMQT R GEVI RI-EQ E4EX RXVI ZME' #M QSEVXI #M R GEVI M-EQ Z^YX GLMEV
#M TI GIM QEM FXVRM QEVMREVM TPMRH, MEV TI GIM QEM RIGVIHMRGMS#M VYKRHY-WI,
IVEQ R EJEV HI SVMGI TVMQINHMI.
Z R GPMTE R GEVI EQ TYXYX W VIWTMV R ZSMI, EQ ZVYX WGIVGIXI^ GEY^IPI
GEVI Q. QTMRWIWIV R QMNPSGYP EGIWXSV WXRGM TVMQINHMSEWI EXX HI FMRI
GYRSWGYXI HI REZMKEXSVM, EXX HI FMRI MRHMGEXI TI LV'M #M HIWTVI GEVI
GVIHIEQ G WYRX PE XVIM QMPI HITVXEVI, GRH HI JETX Q E4EQ GLMEV TVMRXVI
IPI.
1M-EQ GSRWYPXEX FYWSPE: GSRXMRYE W-S ME VE^RE; HEG E# 3 EWGYPXEX-S, Q-
E-# 3 M^FMX HI'VQ.
4R PE YVQ, QM-EQ I\TPMGEX XSXYP.
R QSQIRXYP R GEVI EQ TVWMX KSIPIX GE. 7 Q HYG W-QM VIGPEQ GIM
HSY QMM HI TEXEKSRM HI PE GYQTVXSVYP QIY HI GEJIE, HHYWIQ SVHMR W 3I
XVERWTSVXEXI, R GE^ HI EXEG, WFMMPI #M TY#XMPI TI TYRXI; SVHMRYP JYWIWI
I\IGYXEX #M EVQIPI JYWIWIV HITYWI RXV-S GEFMR ZIGMR GY LEFMXEGPYP'.
*MIVVME EVQIPSV EXVWIWI WTVI IE EGYM QEKRIXM^EX. (YT GI EVQIPI JYV
PYEXI HI EGSPS, FYWSPE #M VIPY HMVIG'ME IM RSVQEP.
2I-EQ GSRXMRYEX HVYQYP #M EQ ENYRW PE .IWYW1EVME, GEVI WI E4E HI
GIEPEPX TEVXI E 1SRXIZMHISYPYM #M ETVSETI PE EGIIE#M HMWXER' GE 1EPHSREXS.
%GSPS, RMQMG RSY, HIGX G RI-EY PMTWMX EPMQIRXIPI, RXVYGX RY EZYWIWIQ
XMQT W RI ETVSZM^MS RQ REMRXI HI TPIGEVI. (EV, TSXVMZMX SVHMRIPSV HE'I, RY
I\MWXE RMGM S TSWMFMPMXEXI HI E HIFEVGE, #M, XSXY#M, XVIFYME TSXSPMX JSEQIE E
HSMWTVI^IGI ZSMRMGM GY S KVS^EZ TSJX HI QRGEVI.
(HYM SVHMR W WI QERIZVI^I, HEV JV W RI RHITVXQ HI 'VQ.
RXV-S HMQMRIE', EQ HIWGSTIVMX PE S HMWXER' HI ETVSETI TEXVY QMPI HI
YWGEX, S GEW GI RM WX' TVY G EVI RJ'M#EVIE YRIM JIVQI. (HYM SVHMR W WI
ERGSVI^I GX QEM ETVSETI GY TYXMR' HI QEP #M, GYQ IY RY QEM EZIEQ FEVG,
HRH-S TI E QIE, E#E GYQ EQ QEM WTYW, TIVWSERIPSV TI GEVI PI HIFEVGEWIQ
R MRWYPE 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, EQ RNKLIFEX S TPYX HMRXV-S QEW #M HMR RM#XI
FYXSEMI #M, IGLMTEX GY S GERKI, Q-EQ EZIRXYVEX TI EGIEWX EQFEVGE'MI
SVMKMREP, GY YR WMRKYV QEXIPSX, XSX GY RYQIPI HI +EVMFEPHM GE #M QMRI, JV E-
QM 3 VYH; TVIRYQIPI PYM IVE 1EYVM^MS.
:EWYP IVE R'ITIRMX GY HSY ERGSVI, HMR TVMGMRE ZMSPIR'IM ZRXYPYM GI
FXIE HMRWTVI TEQTEW.
-EX-RI HIGM EVYRGE'M R QMNPSGYP WXRGMPSV, RY RW REZMKRH, GM
RZVXMRHY-RI #M HERWRH TI QEWE RSEWXV, VMWGRH R 3IGI GPMT W RI
VWXYVRQ. R WJV#MX, HYT GI-EQ WZV#MX EHIZVEXI QMRYRM HI IGLMPMFVMWXMG,
EQ M^FYXMX W I#YQ TI TPEN; P-EQ PWEX TI 1EYVM^MS HI TE^ PE TPYXE RSEWXV,
#M IY Q-EQ EZIRXYVEX R QMNPSGYP YWGEXYPYM.
< 'QTMMPI SVMIRXEPI J.0
4VMZIPM#XIE GI QM WI RJ'M# EXYRGM HMREMRXIE SGLMPSV #M EWYTVE GVIME
TVMZMVIE QM WI TPIGE TIRXVY TVMQE SEV, EV EZIE RIZSMI, WTVI E 3 HIWGVMW.TI
HI-E RXVIKYP #M GYQ WI GYZMRI, #M HI TERE YRYM TSIX #M HI TIRIPYP YRYM EVXMWX.
:IHIEQ YRHYMRH HMREMRXI-QM, GE ZEPYVMPI YRIM QVM WSPMHM3GEXI, MQIRWIPI ^VM
EPI GQTMMPSV SVMIRXEPI, RYQMXI EWXJIP HISEVIGI WI E4 TI QEPYP IWXMG EP
4YZMYPYM 9VYKYE], GI WI ZEVW R 4YZMYP 0E 4PEXE, R JE'E SVE#YPYM &YIRSW %MVIW
#M HIEWYTVE 'SPSRMIM. )VE, Z-S NYV, YR WTIGXEGSP GY XSXYP RSY TIRXVY YR SQ GI
ZIRIE HI HMRGSPS HI %XPERXMG, #M QEM EPIW TIRXVY YR MXEPMER GEVI W-E RWGYX #M E
GVIWGYX TI YR TQRX TI GEVI VEV KWI#XM YR TSKSR JV S GEW WEY ZVIS EPX
PYGVEVI MI#MX HMR QRE SQYPYM.
%GSPS, HMQTSXVMZ, XSXYP IVE RYQEM STIVE PYM (YQRI^IY; GYQ E MI#MX HMR
QMRMPI (SQRYPYM R ^MYE GVIE'MIM, TQRXYP E VQEW XSX E#E TR R ^MYE HI
EWX^M. )WXI S TENM#XI ZEWX, MQIRW, HI RIWXVFXYX, #M TVMZIPM#XIE IM, GEVI WI
RJ'M#IE^ GE YR GSZSV HI ZIVHIE' #M HI 4SVM, QEM VMHMGEX HMR PSG R PSG, RY WI
WGLMQF HIGX TI 'VQYVMPI VYPYM %VVSKE TI GEVI WI REP' #M WI PIEKR R
FXEME ZRXYPYM, QMRYREXI TMPGYVM HI EVFSVM GY YR JVYR^M# PY\YVMERX.
'EMM, FSMM, KE^IPIPI, WXVY'MM WYRX, R PMTWE JTXYVMPSV SQIRI#XM, WMRKYVIPI
ZMI'YMXSEVI EPI EGIWXSV MQIRWI WSPMXYHMRM TI GEVI PI WXVFEXI HSEV KEYGLS,
EGIWX GIRXEYV EP PYQMM RSM, TEVG TIRXVY GE RXVIEKE XYVQ HI ERMQEPI
WPFEXMGI W RY YMXI G (YQRI^IY PI-E HEX YR WXTR. (EV TI EGIWX WXTR. 'Y
GI SGLM P TVMZIWG XVIGRH, EVQWEVMM, XEYVMM, WXVY'MM, KE^IPIPI# 'EVI QEM HI GEVI
ZE TVSXIWXE QTSXVMZE TVIXMRWIM PYM HSQMRE'MM: EVQWEVYP TVMR RIGLI^EXYP PYM;
XEYVYP TVMR QYKIX, WXVY'YP #M KE^IPE TVMR JYK.
"M ZIHIVIE PSV QM VIGLIQE R QMRXI TQRXYP TI GEVI Q RWGYWIQ,
TQRX RIJIVMGMX TI GEVI, GRH XVIGI EYWXVMEGYP GI-P EWYTVI#XI, SEQIRMM,
EGIWXI 3MR'I JGYXI HYT GLMTYP PYM (YQRI^IY, 11 WEPYX #M WI ETPIEG
HMREMRXIE PYM, RIRHV^RMRH W HIE EGIPIE#M WIQRI HI MRHITIRHIR' GYQ HEY,
PE ZIHIVIE PYM KEYGLS, ERMQEPIPI WPFEXMGI HMR TEQTEW.
(YQRI^IYPI EXSXTYXIVRMG, (YQRI^IYPI WJRX, TR GRH ZIM RKHYM S
EXX HI EHRG RNSWMVI E GVIEXYVMM XEPI#
(EV W PWQ PYQIE ZIGLI, EXX HI XVMWX #M HI HI^RHNHYMX #M W
VIZIRMQ PE PYQIE RSY, EXX HI XRV, EXX HI TPMR HI ZMMXSV #M HI WTIVER'.
'I JVYQSW IWXI EVQWEVYP GQTMMPSV SVMIRXEPI, GY TMGMSEVIPI PYM
RGSVHEXI, GY RVMPI EFYVMRHI, GY FY^IPI JVIQXXSEVI GEVI R-EY WMQ'MX
RMGMSHEX GSRXEGXYP VIGI EP ^FEPIM! 'I PMFIV VIWTMV R ^ZGRIXYP GSEQIM #M EP
GS^MM WEPI, GVYTE PYM GI R-E JSWX RMGMGRH ETWEX HI KIRYRGLM, RMGM RWRKIVEX
HI TMRXIR! 'I QRHVY I GRH EHYR GY RIGLI^EXYP PYM, LIVKLIPME-M HI MITI
V^PI'MXI, #M GRH, EHIZVEX WYPXER EP HI#IVXYPYM, JYKI HI TVI^IR'E HSQMREXSEVI
E SQYPYM HYGRHY-PI GY IP, VITIHI GE YR ZVXIN!
3, QMRYRI E REXYVMM! 1MVEGSP EP GVIE'MIM! 'YQ TSEXI W-#M I\TVMQI
IQS'ME TI GEVI E WMQ'MX-S PE ZIHIVIE ZSEWXV EGIWX GSVWEV HI HSY^IGM #M GMRGM
HI ERM, GEVI TIRXVY TVMQE SEV #M RXMRHIE FVE'IPI WTVI MQIRWMXEXI!
(EV, 3MRHG EGIWX GSVWEV IVE TI NSW, RMGM XEYVYP, RMGM EVQWEVYP RY-P PYEY
HVITX SQ. R HIWIVXYVMPI %QIVMGMM, SQYP IWXI GSQTPIXEX HI GEP #M, JV IP,
HIZMRI GIP HMR YVQ HMRXVI ERMQEPI. 1EM RXM IM WI STVIEY YMQM'M PE ZIHIVIE
QIE; TI YVQ, GYVRH, HMWTVI'YMRHY-QM JV RHSMEP WPFMGMYRIE, WI ETVSTMEY
HI QMRI, QEM-QEM W-QM YQI^IEWG SFVE^YP GY VWY4EVIE PSV. 7 RY Z 3I
XIEQ RMGMSHEX HI GEP, ERMQEP RSFMP #M KIRIVSW; HEV W RY Z RGVIHIVM R XEYV,
ERMQEP ZMGPIER #M YVWY^. 'X HIWTVI KE^IPI #M WXVY'M, HYT GI EQ JGYX
GYRS#XMR' GY IPI, EWIQIRIE GEPYPYM #M XEYVYPYM, HEV RXV-YR GLMT QEM TVYHIRX,
JYKIEY MY'M GE WKI'MPI; ETSM, S HEX ENYRWI TI ZVJYP YRYM HIPY#SV WI RXSVGIEY
W ZEH HEG WYRX YVQVMXI.
4I ZVIQIE EGIIE, EHMG WTVI WJV#MXYP ERYPYM #M RGITYXYP PYM 1835,
EGIEWX TEVXI E TQRXYPYM SVMIRXEP IVE RG RITVMLRMX HI ZVIYR V^FSM; MEX
HI GI RXPRIEM EGSPS ERMQEPI WPFEXMGI R RYQV EXX HI QEVI.
1%.1
4SIXE "M R ZVIQIE EWXE REMRXEQ WTVI S IWXERGME14. %Q KWMX EGSPS S
XRV JIQIMI WMRKYV; IVE JIQIME YRYM GETEXE^15. 2Y TYXIE W-#M ME
VWTYRHIVIE W ZRH WEY W HVYMEWG YR FSY JV GSRWMQ'QRXYP WS'YPYM
IM; XVIFYME HIGM W E#XITXQ RXSEVGIVIE PYM. (I EPXJIP IVE XV^MY #M, TR E
HSYE ^M, RY I\MWXE RMGM YR QMNPSG HI E-P HYGI TR PE 'VQYP QVMM.
7YRX QSQIRXI R ZME' E GVSV EQMRXMVI, GY XSEXI G WI RHITVXIE^,
GSRXMRY W XVMEWG #M W WI REP'I GE RM#XI TMVEQMHI, WTVI E WTYRI EWXJIP, R
QIQSVMI, EXX HI FMRI, RGX, SVMGEVI EV 3 GIPIPEPXI IZIRMQIRXI EPI ZMI'MM
RSEWXVI, EGIEWX EQMRXMVI #M TWXVIE^ IY WXVYMR' PSGYP TI GEVI #M P-E
HSFRHMX! )VE WGVMW W RXPRIWG R QMNPSGYP EGIWXYM HI#IVX TI WS'ME YRYM FVFEX
TI NYQXEXI WPFEXMG, S XRV JIQIMI GY S IHYGE'MI GYPXMZEX, S TSIX GEVI-M
#XME TI HMREJEV TI (ERXI, 4IXVEVGE, 8EWWS.
(YT GI-EQ VSWXMX TY'MRIPI GYZMRXI WTERMSPI TI GEVI PI #XMEQ TI EXYRGM,
EQ JSWX TPGYX WYVTVMRW W-S EYH VWTYR^RHY-QM R MXEPMER. 1 TSJXM RXV-YR
GLMT TPMR HI KVE'MI W MEY PSG, E#XITXRH RXSEVGIVIE WS'YPYM IM. 4I GRH
ZSVFIEQ, KVE'MSEWE QIE KE^H Q RXVIF HEG GYRS#XIEQ TSI^MMPI PYM
5YMRXERE; #M PE VWTYRWYP QIY RIKEXMZ, IE QM HHY YR ZSPYQ GY EGIWXI
TSI^MM, WTYRRHY-QM G QM-P HVYMI#XI WTVI E RZ'E WTERMSPE HI HVEKYP IM. %Q
RXVIFEX-S HEG RY JGIE #M IE ZIVWYVM.
'YQ ZVI'M, QM VWTYRWI IE, W RY HIZMM TSIX R JE'E YRIM EWXJIP HI
REXYVM#
"M, JV W WI PEWI VYKEX, QM VIGMX QEM QYPXI TSI^MM TI GEVI PI-EQ
KWMX TPMRI HI YR TYXIVRMG WIRXMQIRX #M HI S JIVQIGXSEVI EVQSRMI. 1M-E# 3
TIXVIGYX XSEX WIEVE #M XSEX RSETXIE EWGYPXRH-S, JV W Q KRHIWG PE
FMIXYP QIY 1EYVM^MS, GEVI Q E#XITXE T^MRH QEWE-TPYX; HEV WS'YP IM WI
RXSEVWI #M TYWI GETX TV'MM TSIXMGI E WIVMM, WTVI E Q VIEHYGI ME WGSTYP
QEXIVMEP EP ZM^MXIM QIPI. M RJ'M#EM GIVIVIE QIE #M VQEWI WXEFMPMX GE E HSYE ^M
IP W EHYG YR FSY.TI TPEN #M W QM-P ZRH.
R ^SVM QM-EQ PYEX VQEW FYR HI PE JVYQSEWE QIE TSIX #M Q-EQ KVFMX
W Q HYG W Q RXPRIWG GY 1EYVM^MS; EGIWXE #M TIXVIGYWI RSETXIE
EHTSWXMX GYQ TYXYWI RXVI TEXVY FYXSEMI, JSEVXI RIPMRM#XMX G RY Q ZIHIE
VIRXSVGRHY-Q, #M XIMQRHY-WI W RY 3 JSWX QRGEX HI XMKVM JSEVXI VWTRHM'M
R EGIEWX TEVXI E %QIVMGMM, #M QEM TY'MR MRSJIRWMZM HIGX EVQWEVMM #M GLMEV
XEYVMM.
(YT TY'MR WI MZM #M GETEXE^-YP XVRH YR FSY R PE'. 'XIZE GPMTI #M
ERMQEPYP JY RNYRKLMEX, NYTYMX, XMEX R FYG'M, RXV-EXX HI QEVI PI IWXI
RHIQREVIE SEQIRMPSV HMR 7YH PE RHITPMRMVIE EGIWXIM GSVZI^M WRKIVSEWI.
7I TYRIE ETSM GLIWXMYRIE XVERWTSVXVMM FSYPYM, XMEX R FYG'M, HI TI QEP
TI ZEW, EHMG PE S HMWXER' HI GIP TY'MR S QMI HI TE#M, WXVFXRH WXRGM PI
EWGY'MXI TVMRXVI GEVI WI ^ZVGSPIE S QEVI JYVMSEW.
1EYVM^MS #M GY QMRI RI-EQ TYW TI PYGVY.
7I #XMI GYQ JYWIWI GSRWXVYMX FEVGE GI EZIE W RI HYG TI FSVHYP
ZEWYPYM: S QEW GY GXI YR FYXSM TVMRW HI 3IGEVI TMGMSV #M YR JIP HI 'ITY# R
QMNPSG. - E ZIRMVI EGIEWX 'ITY# WPYNMWI, W RI EK'Q HI IE QFVGQMRXIE;
PE RXSEVGIVI EZIE W WYW'MR LVERE RSEWXV GE W RY MRXVI R ET.
%Q QTMRW EQFEVGE'MYRIE R PEVK; RI-EQ E#I^EX HIEWYTVE IM #M 1EYVM^MS
GY S TVNMR R QR, IY GY S GERKI R TYQR, EQ RGITYX W RI PYTXQ GY ETE
TR PE KIRYRGLM, RXVYIX KVIYXEXIE TI GEVI S HYGIE FEVGE IVE TVIE QEVI;
HEV, 3I GI-S 3, RYQEM FEVGE W TPYXIEWG!
1ERIZVE RSEWXV WI RHITPMRIE R ETPEY^IPI TYXIVRMGI EPI EQIVMGERYPYM
#M EPI IGLMTENYPYM KSIMIXIM GEVI WI. 6YKEY TSEXI QEM QYPX TIRXVY WEPZEVIE
GVRMM HIGX TIRXVY E RSEWXV; PE RGITYX REZMKE'ME JY HIWXYP HI Y#SEV; HEV,
ENYR#M PE YR #MV HI WXRGM EWGY'MXI TI GEVI XVIFYME W PI WXVFEXIQ, RI-EQ
TSQIRMX R HSY VRHYVM RKLM'M'M ETVSETI GY XSXYP HI ET. 2SVSGYP JGY'W PI
WXVFEXIQ GY FMRI R GMYHE XYXYVSV KVIYX'MPSV.
(EV, ENYRKR 1 HMRGSPS HI HYFPYP #MV HI WXRGM EWGY'MXI, R PSG W WGTQ
HI TVMQINHMI, EGIEWXE HIZIRMWI #M QEM QEVI. 2-EQ QEM KWMX JYRHYP GY GRKMPI
RSEWXVI, HVITX GEVI RI IVE GY RITYXMR' W QEM GSRHYGIQ EQFEVGE'ME. R
EJEV HI EWXE, GYVIRXYP HIZIRMRH QEM TYXIVRMG TI QWYV GI REMRXEQ R
4YZMY, RI HYGIE HITEVXI HI GSZIVX.
:^YM EMIZIE GPMTE R GEVI EZIEQ W WXVFEXIQ %XPERXMGYP, #M W RY RI
STVMQ HIGX PE 7JRXE )PIRE WEY PE 'ETYP &YRIM 7TIVER'I.
8SZEV#MPSV RS#XVM, HEG ZSMEY W RI ENYRK, RY PI QEM VQRIE EPX
WSPY'MI HIGX W VMHMGI TR^IPI; GIIE GI #M JGYV #M GYQ ZRXYP WY4E HMRWTVI
YWGEX, KSIPIX RI ENYRWI GYVRH FE GLMEV RI #M RXVIGY.
(EV, R XVIGIVI, RI EVYRG S JYRMI; EQ PIKEX EQFEVGE'ME HI ZEW #M QEM
RXM EQ HEX EPMQIRXIPI; TI YVQ RI-EQ EK'EX #M RSM, 1EYVM^MS #M GY QMRI;
ETSM, HYT RSM, PE WJV#MX, ZIRM #M VRHYP QIWIM, GEVI JY TYW HMR RSY PE PSGYP IM,
R WYJVEKIVMI, 3MRH VIHEX JV ^FEZ HIWXMRE'MIM WEPI.
%Q JSWX VWTPXM'M HI SWXIRIEPE TI GEVI RI-S HHYWIQ WTVI E TVSGYVE
EPMQIRXIPI, Z^RH GY GI WXVE#RMG TSJX PI RJYPIGEY XSZEV#MM RS#XVM.
(YT GXIZE ^MPI, EQ GYQTVEX, GY XVIM^IGM HI QSRIHI, S FEVG HI PE S
FEPERHV GY GEVI RI-EQ RGVYGM#EX.
%Q QEM TIXVIGYX RG S ^M EZRH R JE'E SGLMPSV ZVJYP MRWYPIM .IWYW-
1EVME.
<-- &XPME 2I TIXVIGYWIQ RSETXIE PE ERGSV, PE #EWI QMPI HI GETYP
.IWYW-1EVME, EZRH R JE' &EVVERIEW HI 7ER +VIKSVMS; WY4E S FVM^ Y#SEV
HMRWTVI RSVH, GRH EQ SFWIVZEX ZIRMRH HMRWTVI 1SRXIZMHIS HSY FVGM TI
GEVI PI-EQ GVI^YX TVMIXIRI; HEV 3MRHG R-EZIEY WIQRYP GSRZIRMX, YR TEZMPMSR
VS#Y, EQ GVI^YX TVYHIRX W VMHMGQ TR^IPI, R E#XITXEVIE PSV; EQ QEM
SVHSREX GE W 3I YVGEXI TI TYRXI TY#XMPI #M WFMMPI.
4VIGEY'ME, GYQ WI ZE ZIHIE, RY IVE MRYXMP; TVMQE FEVG GSRXMRYE W
REMRXI^I WTVI RSM #M RY WI ZIHIEY TI FSVH HIGX XVIM TIVWSERI; ENYRW PE
G'MZE TE#M HI RSM, GIP GI TVIE #IJYP, VMHMG ZSGIE #M RI TSVYRGM W RI
TVIHQ; R EGIPE#M XMQT TYRXIE FVGMM WI YQTPY HI SEQIRM REVQE'M GEVI, JV
E RI HE VKE^ W VWTYRHIQ PE WSQE'MI, HIWGLMWIV JSGYP. %Q WXVMKEX: 0E
EVQI! #M QM-EQ PYEX TY#GE, HEV HISEVIGI ZEWYP WXXIE TI PSG, EQ GSQERHEX,
YVPRH HMR VWTYXIVM:
.SW TR^IPI HMR JE'!
7YVTVMRW G KSIPIX RY EWGYPX HI SVHMR, GE HI SFMGIM, Q-EQ YMXEX WTVI
GVQ #M EQ Z^YX G RG HI PE TVMQYP JSG HI EVQ GVQEGMYP, YRYP HMRXVI GIM
QEM FYRM QEXIPS'M, JYWIWI YGMW. 7I RYQIE *MSVIRXMRS #M WI RWGYWI RXV-YRE HMR
MRWYPIPI RSEWXVI.
2-EZIEQ XMQT HI TMIVHYX. 0YTXE RGITYWI GY JYVMI; PERGMSRE EGIWXE
IWXI RYQIPI EGIWXYM JIP HI FVGM QTSXVMZE GVSVE PYTXEQ PERGMSRE WI
EK'EWI HI GSEWXE RSEWXV HVIETX, #M G'MZE SEQIRM WI #M YVGEWIV TI
FEWXMRKENYP RSWXVY; HMR JIVMGMVI, GXIZE JSGYVM HI TY#G #M GXIZE PSZMXYVM HI
WEFMI PI ZIRMV HI LEG.
(YT GI QM-EQ ENYXEX SEQIRMM W VIWTMRK EGIWX EXEG, Q-EQ VITI^MX PE
TSWXYP HI EWGYPXEVI HI PE XVMRGE XVMFSVHYPYM, EGSPS YRHI JYWIWI PSZMX *MSVIRXMRS,
#M EQ ETYGEX GVQE TVWMX. (EV R QSQIRXYP GRH ETWEQ GY QRE GVQE
WTVI E S RXSEVGI, YR KPSR' HY#QER Q PSZM RXVI YVIGLI #M GEVSXMH, QM
WXVTYRWI KXYP #M Q VWXYVR JV GYRS#XMR' TI TYRXI.
6IWXYP PYTXIM, GEVI HYV YR GIEW, JY HEX HI GEHIXYP 0YMKM 'EVRMKPME, HI
4EWUYEPI 0SHSPE, HI +MSZERRM 0EQFIV'M, HI 1EYVM^MS +EVMFEPHM #M HI HSM
QEPXI^M. %#EHEV, MXEPMIRMM PYTXEWIV QMRYREX, R XMQT GI WXVMRMM #M GIM GMRGM
RIKVM EM RS#XVM WI EWGYRWIWIV R GEPE ZEWYPYM. R WJV#MX, SFSWMX HI VI^MWXIR'E
RSEWXV, EZRH ZVIS ^IGI SEQIRM WGS#M HMR PYTX, HY#QERYP JYKM, R XMQT GI,
ZMRXYP TSVRMRHY-WI, GEQEVE^MM RS#XVM GSRXMRYEV W QIEVK R WYWYP 4YZMYPYM.
'Y XSEXI G-QM VIGTXEWIQ GYRS#XMR'E #M G-QM ZIRMWIQ R 3VI, EQ
VQEW GY HIWZV#MVI RIQM#GEX, #M R GSRWIGMR' RIJSPSWMXSV, TR PE WJV#MXYP
RGMIVVMM.
1VXYVMWIWG G TVMQIPI QIPI WIR^E'MM, GRH EQ VIHIWGLMW SGLMM #M EQ
VIZIRMX PE ZME' EY JSWX JSEVXI TPGYXI. 4SX W ^MG G JYWIWIQ QSVX #M G
VIRZMEWIQ, EXX HI EHRG JYWIWI PI#MRYP QIY #M TR RXV-EXXE HI PMTWMX HI
SVMGI PMGVMVI HI ZME'. (EV W RI KVFMQ W EHYKQ G EGIEWX WXEVI HI
FYR HMWTS^M'MI 3^MG JY VITIHI RZMRW HI GSR#XMMR'E WMXYE'MIM R GEVI RI
E4EQ. 6RMX HI QSEVXI WEY ETVSETI, RIEZRH PE FSVH TI RMQIRM GEVI W EMF
RMGM GIE QEM QMG GYRS#XMR' HIWTVI REZMKE'MI, GIE QEM RIRWIQREX
GYRS#XMR' KISKVE3G, EQ GIVYX W QM WI EHYG LEVXE, EQ GSRWYPXEX-S GY SGLMM
EGSTIVM'M HI YR ZP TI GEVI P GVIHIEQ EP QSV'MM, #M EQ EVXEX GY HIKIXYP
7ERXE-*I HI TI 4YZMYP 4EVERE. 2MQIRM HMRXVI RSM RY QEM REZMKEWI ZVISHEX TI
0E 4PEXE, R EJEV HI 1EYVM^MS, GEVI GPXSVMWI S WMRKYV HEX R WYW, TI
9VYKYE]. 1EXIPS'MPSV RKVS^M'M. MXEPMIRMM, XVIFYMI W-S WTYR, RY QTVX#IEY
EGIWXI XIQIVM WEY #XMEY W #M PI EWGYRH QEXIPS'MPSV RKVS^M'M #M HI WXEVIE QIE
#M HI ZIHIVIE GEHEZVYPYM PYM *MSVIRXMRS, HI XIEQ W RY 3I TVMR#M #M PYE'M HVITX
TMVE'M, PM WI GMXIE WTEMQE TI JE' #M HSVMR'E HI E HI^IVXE PE TVMQYP TVMPIN MZMX. R
E#XITXEVI, R 3IGEVI FEVG, R 3IGEVI #EPYT, R 3IGEVI XVYRGLM HI EVFSVI
TPYXMXSV, IM ZIHIEY S PERGMSR HY#QER XVMQMW R YVQVMVIE PSV.
'EHEZVYP RIRSVSGMXYPYM RSWXVY GEQEVEH JY EVYRGEX R 4YZMY GY
GIVIQSRMEPYP SFM#RYMX RXV-S EWIQIRIE SGE^MI, GGM XMQT HI QEM QYPXI ^MPI R-
EQ TYXYX W HIFEVGQ TI RMGM YR TIXIG HI TQRX. 8VIFYMI W WTYR G EGIWX
JIP HI RQSVQRXEVI RY IVE XSGQEM R ZIHIVMPI QIPI, #M G WMQ'IEQ S VITYPWMI
GY EXX QEM EHRG GY GX, HYT XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, IVE GX T-EG-M W-P RGIVG
#M IY. --EQ HIWXMRYMX EGIEWX VITYPWMI WGYQTYPYM QIY 'EVRMKPME.
R JSGYP HIWXMRYMVMM, ZIVWYVMPI PYM *SWGSPS QM ZIRIEY GY MRWMWXIR' R
QMRXI: 0 TMEXV, S TMEXV GEVI W-QM HISWIFIEWG SWIQMRXIPI HI GIPI TI GEVI.
1SEVXIE PI WIEQR TI TQRX #M R SGIER!.
"M FMIXYP QIY TVMIXIR TPRKIE #M-QM JKHYME G R-S W PEWI W 3Y
EVYRGEX R ET, GM S W-QM WETI S KVSET #M S W Q GYPGI PMR R IE. 'MRI #XMI,
GY XSEX HSVMR'E 3IVFMRXI GI-S VIWMQ'IE, HEG EV QEM 3 TYXYX W-#M 'MR
JKHYMEPE! 'EHEZVYP QIY EV 3 WXYVEX ZVIYR PYT QEVMR, ZVIYR GEMQER HMR
MQIRWYP 0E 4PEXE. 2-E# QEM 3 VIZ^YX -XEPME, R-E# QEM 3 PYTXEX TIRXVY IE!
4IRXVY IE, WMRKYM-E WTIVER' E ZMI'MM QIPI! (EV RMGM R-E# QEM 3 Z^YX-S G^RH
HMR RSY R VY#MRI #M R QM#IPMI!
'MRI M-EV 3 TYXYX WTYRI EXYRGM TVIEWGYQTYPYM QIY 0YMKM G R QEM TY'MR
HI YR ER, EZIEQ W-P ZH TVZPMX HI TI WXRGM, HMWTVRH R QEVI #M G
EZIEQ W-M GEYX ^EHEVRMG GEHEZVYP TIRXVY E-QM 'MRI JE' HI IP JKHYMEPE TI
GEVI QM-S JGYWI IP QMI, HI E-P RQSVQRXE TI YR TQRX WXVMR #M HI E-M
E#I^E TI QSVQRX S TMEXV GEVI W RHIQRI GPXSVYP W WI VSEKI TIRXVY IP#
&MIXYP 0YMKM! % HSZIHMX JE' HI QMRI KVMNE YRIM QEQI R XMQTYP PYRKIM #M
HYVIVSEWIM QIPI FSPM, GEVI RY-#M KWIE EPMREVIE HIGX Z^RHY-P TI IP #M
EXIR'MMPI WEPI TV GEVI EGIEWX MRMQ HI EYV PI EZIE TIRXVY QMRI.
<--- 0YMKM 'EVRMKPME :VIEY W Z ZSVFIWG TY'MR HIWTVI 0YMKM. "M HI GI R-EV
XVIFYM W ZSVFIWG HIWTVI IP# *MMRHG IWXI YR WMQTPY QEXIPSX# *MMRHG RY IVE
3L! Z VWTYRH RHEX PE EWXE, WY4IXYP M IVE RSFMP, GE W WYW'MR SVMGRH #M
SVMYRHI SRSEVIE MXEPMER; RSFMP W RJVYRXI JYVXYRMPI HI XSX JIPYP; RSFMP, R
WJV#MX, W Q ETIVI, W Q T^IEWG, W Q RKVMNIEWG, E#E GYQ EV 3 JGYX
GY GSTMPYP PYM! 'RH WXXIEQ GYPGEX, R PYRKE QIE EKSRMI, TI TEXYP HI
WYJIVMR'; GRH, TVWMX HI XS'M, EMYVEQ R HIPMVYP QSV'MM, IP VQRIE PE
GTXMYP QIY, GY HIZSXEQIRXYP #M VFHEVIE YRYM RKIV, JV E Q TVWM S
GPMT, HIGX TIRXVY E WI HYGI W TPRK #M W-#M EWGYRH PEGVMQMPI. 3, 0YMKM!
SEWIPI XEPI, VMWMTMXI R KIRYRMPI %XPERXMGYPYM, QIVMXEY YR QSRYQIRX R GEVI
TVSWGVMWYP VIGYRSWGXSV EV 3 TYXYX RXV-S ^M W XI HIE HI I\IQTPY
GSRGIX'IRMPSV WM #M W-'M VIHIE EGIWXI PEGVMQM GEPHI TI GEVI XY PI-EM ZVWEX
TIRXVY IP!
0YMKM 'EVRMKPME IVE HMR (IMZE, YR QMG WEX HI TI 'VQYP 0IZERXYPYM. 2Y
TVMQMWI RMGM S MRWXVYMVI PMXIVEV, HEV WYTPMRIE EGIEWX PMTW TVMRXV-S QMRYREX
MRXIPMKIR'. *V W EMF GYRS#XMR'IPI REYXMGI RIGIWEVI YRYM TMPSX, IP E GSRHYW
FEWXMQIRXYP TR PE +YEPIKYE], GY R'IPITGMYRIE #M GY RSVSGYP YRYM TMPSX
HIWZV#MX. R PYTXE TI GEVI EQ TSZIWXMX-S, PYM RHISWIFM M-EQ HEXSVEX JETXYP G
R-EQ G^YX R QMRMPI HY#QERYPYM; REVQEX GY S 4MRX #M E#I^EX R PSGYP GIP
QEM TVMQINHMSW, IP E JSWX KVSE^E GIPSV GI HHIEY EWEPXYP. REPX HI WXEXYV,
VSFYWX, EZIE HISTSXVMZ WYTPI'I #M TYXIVI. &PRH TR PE HYMS#MI R ZME'E
SFM#RYMX, IP EZIE HEVYP EXX HI VEV HI E WI JEGI MYFMX HI GXVI XS'M. :EM! 'IM
QEM FYRM 3M EM RIJIVMGMXYPYM RSWXVY TQRX WJV#IWG EWXJIP, TVMRXVI WXVMRM, JV
W EMF QRKMIVIE YRIM PEGVMQM #M HE'M YMXVMM!
<-: 4VM^SRMIV %Q VQEW RSYWTVI^IGI ^MPI JV EPXI RKVMNMVM HIGX GIPI
GI-QM JYV HEXI HI 0YMKM 'EVRMKPME.
(YT RSYWTVI^IGI ^MPI, EQ ENYRW PE +YEPIKYE].
RXPRMWIQ, PE KYVE PYM -FMUYM, YR FVE' EP 4YZMYPYM 4EVERE, YR ZEW
GSQERHEX HI YR QELSRI^, RYQMX HSR 0YGEW 8EVXEYPS, YR SQ HI MWTVEZ GEVI
EZY XSX JIPYP HI EXIR'MM JE' HI QMRI, HRHY-QM GIIE GI GVIHIE G-QM TYXIE 3
HI JSPSW R WXEVIE QIE.
%Q TVMQMX XSX GIIE GI QM WI SJIVIE, GIM IVEQ PMTWM'M GY HIWZV#MVI HI
SVMGI TI FSVHYP KSIPIXIM, R EJEV HI GEJIE; HI EGIIE WI TYRIE GEJIE R SVMGI
WSW, JV GE GMRIZE W WI WMRGLMWIEWG HEG TIRXVY QMRI GEJIEYE IVE S
FYXYV WRXSEW #M YR PIEG I3GEGI.
1 QMWXYME S JIFV RKVS^MXSEVI RWS'MX HI KVIYXEXIE HI E RKLM'M GI
ENYRKIE ETVSETI TR PE MQTSWMFMPMXEXI HI E RKLM'M. 0YGVYP RY IVE HI QMVEVI,
GGM KPSR'YP, GE W ENYRK HMRXV-S TEVXI RXV-EPXE E KXYPYM, XVIGYWI, R HVYQYP
PYM, TVMRXVI ZIVXIFVIPI GIVZMGEPI #M JEVMRKI; TI YVQ, HYT STX WEY ^IGI ^MPI,
JIFVE QM-E WG^YX; EQ RGITYX W RKLMX #M WXEVIE QIE HIZIRM WYTSVXEFMP.
(SR 0YGEW JGY GIZE QEM QYPX; PE HIWTV'MVI QM HHY GE #M YRYME HMR
TEWEKIVMM PYM RYQMX H'%VVEKEMHE, YR FMWGEMER WXEFMPMX R %QIVMGE RM#XI WGVMWSVM
HI VIGSQERHE'MI PE +YEPIKYE] #M RHISWIFM GXVI KYZIVREXSVYP TVSZMRGMIM
H')RXVE6MSW, HSR 4EWGEP )GLEKYI, GEVI, 3MRH WMPMX W JEG S GPXSVMI, M-P PWEWI
PYM HSR 0YGEW TI TVSTVMYP PYM QIHMG, HSR 6EQSR (IPEVIE, YR XRV EVKIRXMRMER
HI QEVI ZEPSEVI; EGIWXE, GRH QM I\EQMR VERE, WMQ'MRH, R TEVXIE STYW
PSGYPYM TI YRHI MRXVEWI, KPSR'YP EPYRIGRHY-M WYF HIKIX, QM JGY I\XVEG'ME GY
QYPX RHIQREVI, #M, XMQT HI GXIZE WTXQRM, EHMG TR PE HITPMRE QIE
VIWXEFMPMVI, GSRXMRY W-QM HIE GIE QEM EJIGXYSEW RKVMNMVI #M, W-S WTYRIQ,
GIE QEM HI^MRXIVIWEX.
%Q WXEX #EWI PYRM PE +YEPIKYE] #M R XMQTYP EGIWXSV #EWI PYRM, EQ VQEW
R GEWE PYM HSR .EGMRXS %RHVIEW GEVI E JSWX TIRXVY QMRI, EXX IP GX #M JEQMPME
PYM, TPMR HI MR3RMXI EXIR'MM #M HI EQEFMPMX'M HIPMGEXI.
2YQEM G IY IVEQ TVM^SRMIV, WEY ETVSETI. 'Y XSEX FYRZSMR'E
KYZIVREXSVYPYM, HSR 4EWGEP )GLEKYI #M GY XSX MRXIVIWYP TI GEVI QM-P EVXE
FVEZE TSTYPE'MI HMR +YEPIKYE], IVEQ SFPMKEX W E#XITX HIGM^ME HMGXEXSVYPYM HMR
&YIRSW %MVIW, GEVI RY PYE RMGM S LSXVVI. (MGXEXSV R EGIP XMQT PE &YIRSW %MVIW
IVE 6SWEW, TIVWSREN HIWTVI GEVI ZSQ ZSVFM QEM XV^MY GRH RI ZSQ SGYTE HI
1SRXIZMHIS.
(YT GI QM W-E ZMRHIGEX VERE, EQ RGITYX W JEG YRIPI TPMQFVM; HEV,
HMR SVHMRYP EYXSVMX'MM, GEZEPGEHIPI QIPI IVEY PMQMXEXI. R WGLMQFYP KSIPIXIM
GSR3WGEXI, QM WI HHIE YR XEPIV TI ^M, GIIE GI IVE QYPX RXV-S 'EV YRHI XSXYP
IWXI TI RMQMG #M R GEVI R-EM RMGM YR TVMPIN W-'M GLIPXYMI#XM FERMM; HEV XSEXI
EWXIE RY TVI'YMEY GX PMFIVXEXIE.
(I EPXJIP, TVSFEFMP G #M EGIEWX GLIPXYMEP HI YR XEPIV TI ^M ETWE
EHQMRMWXVE'ME, GGM QM WI JGYV TVSTYRIVM W JYK; HEV SEQIRMM, GEVI-QM JGIEY
HI FYR GVIHMR' EGIWXI TVSTYRIVM, IVEY, JV W-S #XMI, EKIR'M TVSZSGEXSVM. 1M
WI WTYRIE G KYZIVRQQXYP, R-EV RGIVGE S TVIE QEVI HYVIVI PE ZIWXIE
HMWTEVM'MIM QIPI. 2Y IVE RIZSMI W 3Y QFSPHMX TIRXVY E PYE S LSXVVI EP GVIM
TPER P #M EZIEQ R QMRXI. (YT TPIGEVIE PYM HSR 4EWGEP )GLEKYI, KYZIVREXSV
R +YEPIKYE] VQEWI YR SEVIGEVI 0ISREVHS 1MPPER; TR EXYRGM IP RY WI
EVXEWI JE' HI QMRI RMGM FYR, RMGM VY; #M TR R ^MYE EGIIE, IY R-EZIEQ RMGM
YR QSXMZ W Q TPRK HI IP, GY XSEXI G-QM EVXEWI TY'MR MRXIVIW.
1-EQ LSXVX HIGM W JYK #M, R EGIWX WGST, QM-EQ RGITYX TVIKXMVMPI,
WTVI E 3 KEXE PE TVMQE J SGE^MI GI QM W-EV MZM. %#EHEV, RXV-S WIEV, TI JYVXYR,
Q-EQ RHVITXEX WTVI GEWE YRYM FXVR GYQWIGEHI TI GEVI P ZM^MXEQ HI SFMGIM,
#M GEVI PSGYME PE XVIM QMPI HI WEX; HI EWX HEX M QTVX#MM LSXVVIE QIE, #M-P
VYKEM W-QM KWIEWG S GPY^ #M GEM, GY GEVI WTIVEQ W ENYRK PE S JIVQ
'MRYX HI YR IRKPI^ #M WMXYEX, TI QEPYP WXRK EP 4YZMYPYM 4EVER. %GSPS, E# 3
KWMX, JV RHSMEP, YR ZEW GEVI W Q XVERWTSVXI MRGSKRMXS PE &YIRSW %MVIW
WEY. 0E 1SRXIZMHIS. )P QM KWM KLMH #M. 'EM #M EWXJIP EQ TSVRMX-S PE HVYQ TIWXI
GQTYVM, GE WRY 3Q HIWGSTIVM'M. %ZIEQ HI TEVGYVW ETVSETI GMRGM^IGM #M TEXVY
HI QMPI, GEVI WI TYXIEY JEGI, 'MRRH-S RYQEM R KEPST, RXV-S NYQXEXI HI
RSETXI.
'RH WI PYQMR HI ^MY, IVEQ R JE'E PYM -FMUYM, PE HMWXER' HI ETVSETI S
NYQXEXI HI QMP HI 4YZMY; GPY^E QM WTYWI W Q STVIWG R XYJVM#YP R GEVI
RI #M E4EQ, R XMQT GI IP S W WI HYG W ZSVFIEWG. *MMRH HI EGSVH GY EGIWX
PYGVY, GPY^E TPIG, MEV IY VQWIM WMRKYV.
%Q HIWGPIGEX, EQ EK'EX 1YP GEPYPYM HI GVEGE YRYM EVFSVI PE VHGMRMPI
GVYME Q-EQ. 'YPGEX, #M EQ E#XITXEX EGSPS HSY-XVIM GIEWYVM; HYT EGIIE,
Z^RH G RY WI QEM RXSEVGI GPY^E, Q-EQ VMHMGEX #M Q-EQ LSXVX W QIVK
TR PE QEVKMRIE XYJVM#YPYM GEVI IVE ETVSETI; HEV, R QSQIRXYP GRH W
ENYRK PE QEVKMRIE PYM, EQ EY^MX R WTEXIPI QIY S QTY#GXYV #M YR KPSR'
#YMIVRH TVMR MEVF. 1-EQ RXSVW #M EQ Z^YX YR HIXE#EQIRX HI GPVI'M GEVI
ZIRIEY WTVI QMRI GY WEFME WGSEW; HIXE#EQIRXYP WI #M E4E RXVI QMRI #M GEP.
'Y RITYXMR' W JYK, ^EHEVRMG W Q ETV; Q-EQ TVIHEX.
8SVXYVE GY JVRKLME 1M W-EY PIKEX QMRMPI PE WTEXI #M EQ JSWX YVGEX TI
GEP; 4I YVQ, RXSGQEM GE #M QMRMPI, QM W-EY PIKEX, #M TMGMSEVIPI, MQSFMPM^EXI
ETSM HI GLMRKE GEPYPYM.
R JIPYP EGIWXE EQ JSWX HYW PE +YEPIKYE], YRHI, GYQ. 7I ZE ZIHIE, Q
E#XITXE S WSEVX #M QEM GVYRX.
7 RY 3Y EGY^EX G WYRX TVIE HIPMGEX GY QMRI; IM, FMRI, QVXYVMWIWG,
WMQX G Q XVIG 3SVMM HI 3IGEVI HEX GRH QM VIEQMRXIWG EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI
HMR ZME'E QIE.
*MMRH HYW REMRXIE PYM HSR 0ISREVHS 1MPPER, EQ JSWX WSQEX HI IP W-M
HIRYR' TI GIM GI-QM RPIWRMWIV JYKE. 2Y QEM I RIZSMI W WTYR G-EQ HIGPEVEX
G IY WMRKYV QM TVIKXMWIQ JYKE #M-QM EHYWIWIQ PE RHITPMRMVI TPERYP; EXYRGM,
PIKEX GYQ IVEQ #M 3MRHG HSR 0ISREVHS 1MPPER R-EZIE WE WI XIEQ HI RMQMG,
WI ETVSTMI HI QMRI #M RGITY W Q PSZIEWG GY FMGMYP; HYT EGIIE Q RXVIF
HMR RSY, #M IY HMR RSY EQ XKHYMX.
%XYRGM TSVYRGM W 3Y HYW PE RGLMWSEVI #M VSWXM GY ZSGI RGIEX GXIZE
GYZMRXI PE YVIGLIE GIPSV GI Q RWS'MWIV.
(HYWI SVHMR W 3Y XSVXYVEX.
'RH EQ ENYRW R RGTIVIE GI-QM IVE HIWXMREX, TE^RMGMM, 'MRRHY-Q
XSX GY QMRMPI PIKEXI PE WTEXI, QM QEM WXVRWIV RGLIMIXYVMPI QMRMPSV GY RG
S JVRKLMI EP GVIM GETX P RJ#YVEV TI HYT S KVMRH #M, XVKRH HI IP, Q
VMHMGEV PE TEXVY-GMRGM TMGMSEVI HI PE TQRX.
%XYRGM HSR 0ISREVHS 1MPPER MRXV R RGLMWSEVI #M Q RXVIF HEG RY
ZSMEQ W JEG QVXYVMWMVM.
2Y TYXIEQ HIGX W-P WGYMT R SFVE^ #M QM-EQ #M SJIVMX EGIEWX
WEXMWJEG'MI.
&MRI, WTYWI IP. 6IXVKRHY-WI; GRH TVM^SRMIVYP S W EMF TSJX W
QVXYVMWIEWG, W Q GLIQE'M #M, HYT GI S W QVXYVMWIEWG, W-P HE'M NSW.
(YT EGIIE, MI#M.
%Q VQEW EWXJIP EXVREX HSY GIEWYVM. 8SEX KVIYXEXIE XVYTYPYM WI
WTVMNMRIE TI RGLIMIXYVMPI QMRMPSV RWRKIVEXI #M TI YQIVMM PY\E'M. 8SX XVYTYP
QM EVHIE IE YR GYTXSV; R 3IGI GPMT GIVIEQ ET #M, QEM SQIRS#M HIGX GPYP
QIY, TE^RMGMM QM HHIEY W. &IEY; HEV ETE, TXVYR^RHY-QM R WXSQEG,
HMWTVIE HI TEVG EV 3 JSWX EVYRGEX TI S TVWIE HI 3IV RVS#MX R JSG. 2Y-'M
TS'M JEGI S MHII HIWTVI GIIE GI EQ WYJIVMX HIGX GMXMRH HIWTVI XSVXYVMPI
ETPMGEXI TVM^SRMIVMPSV HMR )ZYP 1IHMY. R WJV#MX, HYT HSY GIEWYVM, TE^RMGMPSV
QIM, JGRHY-PM-WI QMP HI QMRI, WEY GVI^RHY-Q QSVX, Q HIXIV NSW. %Q
G^YX TI WTEXI GX IVEQ HI PYRK.
2Y QEM IVEQ HIGX S QEW MRIVX, JV EPX WMQ'MVI HIGX S HYVIVI WYVH
#M EHRG, YR GE HEZVY WEY ETVSETI.
R EGIEWX WXEVI #M JV QGEV W 3Y GSR#XMIRX HI GIIE GI QM WI
RXQTPE, EQ JSWX TYW R FYXYGM.
%Q WXVFXYX GMRGM^IGM HI QMPI TVMR QPE#XMRM, GY QMRMPI #M GY TMGMSEVIPI
PIKEXI; 'R'EVMM RYQIVS#M #M XYVFE'M R EGIWX ERSXMQT QM JGYV SFVENMM #M
QMRMPI RYQEM S VER. %Q RHYVEX HSY GIEWYVM S XSVXYV RKVS^MXSEVI, MEV
GRH QM-EQ ZIRMX R 3VI. 1 E4EQ PIKEX GSX PE GSX GY YR YGMKE#.
(I#M RMGM R QMNPSGYP GIPSV QEM EXVSGI GLMRYVM RY WGSWIWIQ YR WMRKYV
GYZRX #M HI#M, HI EPXJIP, RY. %ZYWIWI RMGM YR EQIWXIG R JYKE QIE, HSR .EGMRXI
%RHVIEW JYWIWI RGLMW; PSGYMXSVMM HMR TEVXIE PSGYPYM IVEY RWTMQRXE'M.
R GI Q TVMZI#XI, JV RKVMNMVMPI YRIM JIQIM GEVI E JSWX TIRXVY QMRI YR
RKIV HI FYRXEXI, E# 3 JSWX QSVX. 0WRH HI S TEVXI SVMGI XIEQ IE M ZIRM R
ENYXSV WVQERYPYM XSVXYVEX. 7I RYQIE HSEQRE %PPIQER. +VE'MI EGIWXIM FPRHI
FMRIJGXSEVI, R-EQ HYW PMTW HI RMQMG R RGLMWSEVIE QIE.
'XIZE ^MPI HYT EGIIE, KYZIVREXSVYP, Z^RH G IVE MRYXMP W RGIVGI W
Q JEG W ZSVFIWG #M GSRZMRW G E# TYXIE QYVM QEM REMRXI HI E HIRYR'E TI
ZVIYRYP HMR TVMIXIRMM QIM, RY RHV^RM TVSFEFMP W-#M ME EWYTVE PYM VWTYRHIVIE
EGIWXIM QSV'M #M SVHSR W 3Y HYW R GETMXEPE TVSZMRGMIM &ENEHE. %Q ^GYX R
RGLMWSEVIE HI EGSPS HSY PYRM: ETSM, KYZIVREXSVYP QM XVMQMWI ZSVF G-QM IVE
RKHYMX W TPIG PMFIV HMR EGIE TVSZMRGMI. (I#M TVSJIWI^ TVIVM STYWI GIPSV EPI
PYM )GLEKYI #M HI#M RY S WMRKYV HEX, HMR ^MYE EGIIE, EQ PYTXEX QTSXVMZE PYM,
R-E# TYXIE W-QM EWGYRH VIGYRS#XMR'E TI GEVI S WMQX XSXY#M JE' HI IP; #M E#
ZVIE #M EWX^M W 3Y R WMXYE'ME HI E-M HSZIHM EGIEWX VIGYRS#XMR' TIRXVY XSX
GIIE GI E JGYX TIRXVY QMRI #M QEM EPIW TIRXVY PMFIVXEXIE TI GEVI QM-E VIHEX-
S.'
1EM XV^MY, RSVSGYP JGY. 7-QM GEH R QR XS'M #I3M QMPMXEVM HMR
TVSZMRGME +YEPIKYE] #M XS'M JYV TY#M R PMFIVXEXI JV W PM WI EHYG GIE QEM
QMG NMKRMVI, RMGM TIVWSERIM #M RMGM FYRYVMPSV PSV.
'X HIWTVI HSR 0ISREVHS 1MPPER, RMGM R-EQ ZVYX W-P ZH, HI XIEQ G
TVI^IR'E PYM, EHYGRHY-QM EQMRXI HI GIIE GI WYJIVMWIQ, W RY Q JEG W
WZV#IWG ZVIS JETX RIHIQR HI QMRI.
'PXSVMI R TVSZMRGME 6MS-+VERHI (I -E &ENEHE, Q-EQ QFEVGEX TI S
FVMKERXMRE MXEPMER GSQERHEX HI GTMXERYP :IRXYVE. %GIWXE IVE YR SQ HI
RGVIHIVI #M HIQR R XSEXI TVMZMR'IPI; IP Q XVEX GY KIRIVS^MXEXI
GEZEPIVIEWG #M Q HYWI TR PE KYVE 4YZMYPYM -KYERR, YR E4YIRX EP 4EVERIM,
YRHI Q-EQ QFEVGEX TIRXVY 1SRXIZMHIS, TI S FEPERHV GSQERHEX HI 4EWGEP
'EVFSRM.
)VEQ RXV-S ^SHMI FYR; GGM #M IP WI TYVX QMRYREX GY QMRI.
*IVMGMVMPI GE #M RIRSVSGMVMPI ZMR KVQEH; TIRXVY QSQIRX WI WJV#MWIV
GY EGIWXIE HMR YVQ #M TVMQIPI WI 'MRIEY PER'.
0E 1SRXIZMHIS, EQ KWMX S QYP'MQI HI TVMIXIRM R JVYRXIE GVSVE XVIFYMI
W-P RYQV TI +MER&EXXMWXE 'YRIS #M TI 2ETSPISRI 'EWXIPPMRM. R GYVRH #M
6SWWIXXM, TI GEVI P PWEWIQ PE 1SRXIZMHIS, HYT GYQ Z VIEQMRXM'M, ZIRM W
Q RXPRIEWG EMGM; WSWIE HI PE 6MS +VERHI, YRHI JYWIWI TVMQMX EHQMVEFMP HI
EGI#XM QRHVM VITYFPMGERM.
0E 1SRXIZMHIS, TVSWGVMT'ME QIE HMRYME QIVIY. 6I^MWXIR'E QIE
QTSXVMZE PERGMSERIPSV, SEQIRMM PSV TI GEVI M SQSVWIQ, GSRWXMXYMEY YR
QSXMZ, GIP TY'MR R ETEVIR', WIVMSW. %Q JSWX HIGM WMPMX W WXEY EWGYRW R GEWE
TVMIXIRYPYM QIY 4E^ERXI, YRHI EQ VQEW S PYR.
6IGPY^MYRIE QIE, HI EPXJIP, IVE GYQ RY WI TSEXI QEM WYTSVXEFMP,
RHYPGMX HI ZM^MXIPI EXXSV GSQTEXVMS'M GEVI, R EGIE ITSG HI TVSWTIVMXEXI #M
HI TEGI, WI WXEFMPMWIV R 'EV #M EVXEY JE' HI TVMIXIRMM PSV HMR PYQIE ZIGLI
S SWTMXEPMXEXI KIRIVSEW. 6^FSMYP #M, QEM EPIW, EWIHMYP 1SRXIZMHISYPYM,
WGLMQFEWIV WMXYE'ME QENSVMX'MM HMRXVI IM, #M, HMR FYR GYQ IVE, PI-S JGYWIV
VIE, FE GLMEV JSEVXI VIE. &MI'MM SEQIRM! M-EQ TPRW HI QYPXI SVM; HMR RIJIVMGMVI,
RY TYXIEQ W JEG RMQMG EPXGIZE HIGX W-M TPRK.
(YT S PYR, WSWMRH ZVIQIE W-S TSVRIWG PE HVYQ, EQ TPIGEX, 6SWWIXXM #M
GY QMRI, WTVI 6MS +VERHI. 'PXSVME XVIFYME W-S JEGIQ #M EQ #M JGYX-S GPEVI;
EWXE E JSWX S RIKVMX FYGYVMI #M S RIKVMX TPGIVI TIRXVY QMRI. 'PXSVIEQ,
GYQ WI WTYRI, E PE IWGSXIVS.
7 I\TPMGQ GI RWIEQR EGIWX JIP HI E GPXSVM, GEVI, R GI TVMZI#XI
VETMHMXEXIE, PEW GY QYPX R YVQ TS#XEPMSRYP, SVMGX HI VETMH EV 3 IP R 'VMPI
GMZMPM^EXI.
*MI G WYRX HSM, XVIM WEY TEXVY, WI GPXSVI#XI GY ZVIS HSY^IGM HI GEM
SFM#RYM'M, W-M YVQI^I TI GIM GI QIVK GPEVI; GRH GPXSVYP #M WMQXI ERMQEPYP
SFSWMX, HIWGEPIG, XVIGI #EYE HI TI WTEXIPI GEPYPYM WY, TI EGIPE EP 3RYM GEP
PMFIV, RGEPIG, JEGI XVIM WEY TEXVY PIKLI R KEPST, ETSM P TVWI#XI TIRXVY YR
EPXYP, #M E#E QIVIY TR R QSQIRXYP R GEVI WI LSXV#XI W WI STVIEWG;
FMHMZMM SFSWM'M WI SHMLRIWG GSRXMRYRHY-#M HVYQYP, IPMFIVE'M HI #EYE #M HI
GPVI'YP PSV.
R XMQTYP WGYVXYPYM TSTEW TI GEVI P JEG GPVI'MM, WTVI E-#M WGLMQFE GEPYP,
GIPIPEPXI ERMQEPI TEWG R KVEF GXIZE QRYRGLMYVM HI MEVF #M FIEY ET,
HEG S KWIWG; QIWI EHIZVEXI WI MEY RYQEM HI HSY SVM TI ^M, HMQMRIE'E #M
WIEVE.
%Q ENYRW EWXJIP PE 4MVEXMRMR, WIHMYP KYZIVRQRXYPYM HMR 6MS-+VERHI; R
VIEPMXEXI GETMXEPE IVE 4SVXS-%PPIKVI, HEV HISEVIGI GETMXEPE WI E4E R TYXIVIE
MQTIVMEPMPSV, WIHMYP VITYFPMGMM IVE PE 4MVEXMRMR.
4MVEXMRMR IWXI, HIWMKYV, GY GIPI HSY VIKMYRM EPI IM: VIKMYRIE GQTMMPSV #M
VIKMYRIE QYR'MPSV, YRE HMR GIPI QEM JVYQSEWI 'VM HMR PYQI.
6IKMYRIE GQTMMPSV IWXI R RXVIKMQI XVSTMGEP; EGSPS GVIWG FERERI,
XVIWXMI HI ^ELV, TSVXSGEPM. 4VMRXVI XYPTMRMPI EGIWXSV TPERXI #M EVFSVM WI XVWG
#EVTIPI GY GPSTS'IM, #EVTIPI RIKVY, #EVTIPI VS#Y; TI EGSPS GE #M TVMR NYRKPIPI
-RHMIM WI RTYWXIWG XMKVYP, NEKYEVYP #M TYQE, TVIGYQ #M YR PIY MRSJIRWMZ, HI
QVMQIE YRYM GMRI 7EMRX-&IVREVH.
6IKMYRIE QYR'MPSV IWXI FPRH, GE HYPGIPI QIY GPMQEX HI PE 2MWE; EGSPS
WI GYPXMZ TMIVWMGMPI, TIVIPI, TVYRIPI, XSEXI JVYGXIPI )YVSTIM; XSX EGSPS GVIWG
EGIPI QEKRM3GI THYVM, E GVSV HIWGVMIVI RMGM S TER R-S ZE VIHE ZVISHEX, GY
TMRMM PSV HVIT'M GE RM#XI GEXEVKI HI GSVEFMI, REP'M HI HSY WYXI HI TMGMSEVI #M EP
GVSV XVYRGLM EFME HI-P TSX GYTVMRHI GY FVE'IPI GMRGM WEY #EWI SEQIRM. 0E
YQFVE EGIWXSV TMRM GVIWG XEGEVS#MM, XVIWXMM YVME#I GEVI, EWIQIRIE JIVMKIPSV
PYQMM HI HMREMRXI HI TSXST, ENYRK TR PE RP'MQIE HI STX^IGM HI TMGMSEVI #M
GEVI, PE FE^E PSV, HI-EFME EXMRK KVSWMQIE XVYTYPYM SQIRIWG; EGSPS GVI#XI
FEVFE HI TES, PMXIVEP XVEHYW FEVFE EVFSVMPSV, GEVI WI JSPSWI#XI GE YR JIP HI
#IVZI'IP #M EGIPI PMERI GEVI, TVMR QYPXMTPIPI PSV RPR'YMVM JEG GE THYVMPI W 3I
HI RIWXVFXYX; EGSPS WI E4 EGIPI PYQMRM#YVM RYQMXI GEQTIWXVIW, YRHI WI
REP' SVE#I RXVIKM: 'MQE HE 7IVVE. :EGGEVME, 0EKIW; RY RYQEM XVIM SVE#I, GM
XVIM HITEVXEQIRXI; S TSTYPE'MI GEYGE^MER, HI SVMKMRI TSVXYKLI^ #M HI S
SWTMXEPMXEXI LSQIVMG.
%GSPS GPXSVYP R-EVI RIZSMI W WTYR RMQMG, W RXVIFI RMQMG. -RXV R
GEW #M QIVKI HVITX WTVI GEQIVE HI SEWTI'M; WIVZMXSVMM ZMR JV W 3I GLIQE'M,
P HIWGEP', M WTEP TMGMSEVIPI. 6QRI EXXE XMQT GX ZVIE, TPIEG GRH M
TPEGI, RY-#M ME VQEW FYR, RY QYP'YQI#XI HEG R-EVI TSJX #M GY XSEX
EGIEWX YMXEVI, GIP GEVI S W ZMR HYT IP, ZE 3 PE JIP HI FMRI TVMQMX.
%WXE-M XMRIVI'IE REXYVMM, EWXE-M HMQMRIE'E YQERMX'MM.
<:-- 0EKYRE 0SW 4EXSW 'RH EQ ENYRW PE 4MVEXMRMR, EQ JSWX EHQMVEFMP
TVMQMX HI KYZIVRQRXYP VITYFPMGMM. &IRXS +SR^EPIW, EHIZVEX GEZEPIV
VXGMXSV HMR EPEMYP PYM 'LEVPIQEKRI, JVEXI HI GVYGI EP YRSV IVSM GE 3MMZMIV #M
6SPERH, TYXIVRMG, EKMP, PIEP GE #M IM, EHIZVEX GIRXEYV, QRYMRH GEPYP GYQ RY P-
EQ QEM Z^YX HIGX TI KIRIVEPYP 2IXXS, QSHIP HI GPVI' HIWZV#MX PMTWIE,
QV#PYMRH R JVYRXIE YRIM FVMKEHI HI GEZEPIVMI, GE W WI PYTXI GY 7]PZE
8EREVMW, YR #IJ MQTIVMEP, GEVI, HYT GI XVIGYWI GEREPYP HI PE 7ER +SR^EPIW,
HIZEWXE EGIEWX TEVXI E TVSZMRGMIM 4MVEXMRMR, TI EXYRGM WIHMY EP
KYZIVRQRXYPYM VITYFPMGER, YR QMG WEX JIVQIGXSV TVMR E#I^EVIE PYM EPTIWXV,
GETMXEP E HITEVXEQIRXYPYM GY EGIPE#M RYQI, RGSRNYVEX HI NYV QTVINYV HI S
TSTYPE'MI V^FSMRMG JSEVXI HIZSXEX GEY^IM PMFIVX'MM.
R EFWIR'E TVI#IHMRXIPYM, QMRMWXVYP 3RER'IPSV, %PQIMHE, JY GIP GI-QM JGY
SRSVYVMPI SVE#YPYM.
'XIZE GYZMRXI HIWTVI 6MS-+VERHI, HIWTVI GEVI W-EV TYXIE GVIHI, GYQ
S MRHMG RYQIPI WY, G I WMXYEX TI GYVWYP ZVIYRYM QEVI 4YZMY, WEY G I YR
QEVI 4YZMY IP RWY#M.
6MS-+VERHI IWXI PEKYRE HIPPE 0SW 4EXSW, PEGYP VE'IPSV; TSEXI W EMF ZVIS
XVIM^IGM HI PIKLI R PYRKMQI, R EJEV HI GXIZE TSV'MYRM HI GEVI RI ZSQ
SGYTE QEM XV^MY, PEKYRE IWXI EHRG #M TSTYPEX HI GEMQERM; IWXI EPGXYMX
HMR ETIPI E GMRGM VYVM GEVI WI ZEVW PE I\XVIQMXEXIE IM RSVHMG #M GEVI TEV G
JSVQIE^ GIPI GMRGM HIKIXI EPI YRIM QMRM E GM'IM TEPQ S GSRWXMXYMI GETXYP
PEKYRIM.
)\MWX YR PSG HI YRHI GYTVMR^M GY SGLMM XSEXI GIPI GMRGM VYVM #M GEVI HMR
EGIEWX TVMGMR WI #M RYQI#XI :MEQES, EHMG EQ Z^YX QRE.
:MEQES #M WGLMQFEWI RYQIPI #M WI RYQIE TI EXYRGM 7IXXIQFVMRE HVITX
GSQIQSVEVI E VITYFPMGMM TVSGPEQEXI R WITXIQFVMI.
(ISEVIGI R-EZIEQ GI JEGI PE 4MVEXMRMR, EQ GIVYX W XVIG R GSPSERE HI
STIVE'MM HI TI PRK TVI#IHMRXI, RHVITXEX WTVI 7ER +SR^EPIW. %GSPS P-EQ
Z^YX TI EGIWX ZMXIE^ TIRXVY TVMQE HEX #M QM-EQ TIXVIGYX GXIZE ^MPI R
TVIENQE PYM. )VE RXV-EHIZV YR GSTMP VWJ'EX EP 3VMM; REXYVE P HVYMWI GY XSX
GIIE GI JEGI GE YR IVSY W 3I EYXIRXMG. 'RH P-EQ GYRSWGYX, &IRXS +SR^EPIW
EXMRKIE ZVWXE HI #EM^IGM HI ERM. REPX #M ^ZIPX, GPVIE, GYQ EQ WTYW-S, GY S
KVE'MI #M S Y#YVMR' EHQMVEFMPI. 4I GEP, M-EM 3 HEX HSY^IGM #M GMRGM HI ERM. &VEZ
#M JIVMGMX, R-EV 3 #SZMX S GPMT, EWIQIRIE YRYM GEZEPIV EP PYM %VMSWXS, W WI
PYTXI GY YR YVME#, GLMEV HI-EV 3 EZYX WXEXYVE PYM 4SPMJIQ #M EVQYVE PYM *IVVEKYW.
7GSWIWI, TVMRXVI GIM HMRXM, WXVMKXYP HI V^FSM, RY HMR EQFM'MI TIVWSREP, GM GE
SVMGEVI EPX 3Y EP EGIWXYM TSTSV V^FSMRMG. 8VEMYP PYM PE 'EV IVE EWIQIRIE GIPYM
EP YPXMQYPYM PSGYMXSV EP TENM#XMPSV: GEVRI JVMTX #M ET GYVEX.
1-E MRZMXEX PE S QEW JVYKEP GLMEV HMR TVMQE ^M R GEVI RI-EQ Z^YX #M
EQ ZSVFMX GY EGIIE#M JEQMPMEVMXEXI GY GEVI EQ 3 ZSVFMX HEG EQ 3 JSWX XSZEV#M
HMR GSTMPVMI #M IKEPM. 'Y EXXIE HEVYVM REXYVEPI #M HSFRHMXI, &IRXS +SR^EPIW
E JSWX MHSPYP GSRGIX'IRMPSV WM #M, HI#M LV^MX GY EXXIE HEVYVM, PYGVY GMYHEX, E
JSWX ETVSETI RIRSVSGSW R EG'MYRMPI PYM V^FSMRMGI, GIIE GI Q JEGI W GVIH G
QEM QYPX HIGX KIRMYP, RXQTPEVIE IWXI GIE GEVI LSXV#XI M^FRHE R V^FSM
#M WSEVXE IVSMPSV.
%Q YVQEX GSPSERE TR PE 'EQSHSW, YR #IREP HI XVIGIVI HI PE 7ER
+SR^EPIW, GEVI PIEK PEKYRE HIPPE 0SW 4EXSW GY 1IVMR. 7]PZE 8EREVMW WI
VIXVWIWI R KVEF HI EGSPS, E4RH G WI ETVSTME S GSPSER E EVQEXIM
VITYFPMGERI.
2ITYXRH W-S ENYRK, TVI#IHMRXIPI WI RXSEVWI RETSM. *MVI#XI, EQ JGYX
PE JIP, #M EQ PYEX-S TI YVQIPI PYM, TI HVYQYP WTVI 4MVEXMRMR. 'EQ R ZVIQIE
EGIIE, EQ TVMQMX ZIWXIE HIWTVI FXPME HI PE 6MS-4EVHS, YRHI EVQEXE
MQTIVMEP E JSWX ^HVSFMX GY HIWZV#MVI HI GXVI VITYFPMGERM.
<:--- REVQEVIE -ERGMSERIPSV -E 'EQEGY %Q JSWX RWVGMREX GY
REVQEVIE E HSY PERGMSERI GI WI E4EY TI 'EQEGY, 4YZMY TEVEPIP WEY
ETVSETI TEVEPIP GY GEREPYP 7ER +SR^EPIW #M GEVI, GE #M IP, WI ZEVW R PEKYRE
0SW 4EXSW.
%HYREWIQ EXX QEXIMS'M ZIRM'M HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, GX #M HMR GIM KWM'M PE
4MVEXMRMR, ZVIS XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM HI XSEXI RE'MSREPMX'MPI. 7I R'IPIKI HI PE
WMRI G, HMR RIJIVMGMVI TIRXVY IP, WGYQTYP QIY 0YMKM 'EVRMKPME WI E4E TVMRXVI
IM. 1EM EZIEQ R TPYW YR RSY VIGVYX, YR JVERGI^ YVME#, FVIXSR TVMR RE#XIVI, TI
GEVI MP RYQIEQ +VSW-.IER, #M TI YR EPXYP, *VERGSMW, YR EHIZVEX TMVEX, JVEXI
ZVIHRMG HI TI GSEWX.
%Q WSWMX PE 'EQEGY: EGSPS EQ KWMX YR EQIVMGER RYQMX .SLR +VMKKW
GEVI XSGQEM WYTVEZIKLIE, HI PE S JIVQ E PYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW, YRHI PSGYME,
XIVQMREVIE E HSY EQFEVGE'MYRM IY GXI YR GEXEVK.
*YWIWIQ RYQMX #IJ EP EGIWXIM 4SXI RG R GSRWXVYG'MI, GY KVEHYP HI
GTMXER-PSGSXIRIRX.
)VE GMYHEX EGIEWX GSRWXVYG'MI GEVI JGIE GMRWXI FMRIGYRSWGYXIM
WXVYMR'I EQIVMGERI. 3EQIRMM WI HYGIEY W GEYXI PIQRYP RXV-S TEVXI #M 3IVYP
R EPXE; HSM XVIM HYPKLIVM XMEY PIQRYP #M YR QYPEXVY FXIE 3IVYP. %#E JYWIWIV
JEFVMGEXI, HI PE GYMI TR PE GIVGYVMPI HI 3IV EPI GEXEVKIPSV, GIPI HSY
EQFEVGE'MYRM.
(YT HSY PYRM 4SXE E JSWX KEXE. *MIGEVI ZEW E JSWX EVQEX GY HSY QMGM
TMIWI HI FVSR^; TEXVY^IGM HI RIKVM WEY HI QYPEXVM W-EY EHYKEX GIPSV XVIM^IGM
HI IYVSTIRM E#E G RYQVYP GIPSV HSY IGLMTENI W-E VMHMGEX PE #ETXI^IGM HI
SEQIRM.
"EPYTIPI TYXIEY W' 3I, YRE HI GMRGMWTVI^IGI TR PE STXWTVI^IGI XSRI,
MEV GIEPEPX HI HSYWTVI^IGI TR PE GMRGMWTVI^IGI XSRI.
%Q PYEX GSQERHE GIPIM QEM TYXIVRMGI, TI GEVI EQ FSXI^EX-S 6MS
4EVHS, Q .SLR +VMKKW E TVMQMX GSQERHE GIPIMPEPXI, GEVI E JSWX RYQMX 0I
6ITYFPMGEQ.
6SWWIXXM VQWIWI PE 4MVEXMRMR, RWVGMREX GY VIHEG'ME ^MEVYPYM 0I 4IYTPI.
RHEX HYT GI EQ XIVQMREX GSRWXVYMVIE REZIPSV, EQ RGITYX W
GSPMRHQ PEKYRE 0SW 4EXSW. 'XIZE ^MPI W-EY WGYVW JGRH HSEV YRIPI GETXYVM
RIRWIQREXI.
-QTIVMEPMM RI STYRIEY HSY EQFEVGE'MYRM HI HSY^IGM #M STX HI XSRI
EQRHSY, XVIM^IGM HI ZEWI HI V^FSM #M YR ZEW GY EFYVM. -EV RSM EZIEQ RM#XI
GMYVYGYVM.
0EKYRE RY IVE REZMKEFMP TIRXVY ZEWIPI QEVM HIGX TVMRXV-YR JIP HI
GEREP HI-E PYRKYP 'VQYPYM VWVMXIER.
4I 'VQYP STYW, HMQTSXVMZ, XIVIRYP YVGE R TERX #M GLMEV RSM, GY XSEXI
G R-EZIEQ RIZSMI HI ET QYPX, IVEQ WMPM'M W EXMRKIQ YWGEXYP GY QEM FMRI
HI XVIM^IGM HI QIXVM REMRXI HI E ENYRKI PE 'VQ.
&ERGYVMPI HI RMWMT REMRXEY R PEKYR ETVSETI GE HMR'MM YRYM TMITXIRI,
RYQEM G EGI#XM HMR'M IVEY JSEVXI HITVXE'M YRYP HI GIPPEPX.
'RH IVEQ WMPM'M W RI E#I^Q TI YWGEX #M GRH XYRYP ZVIYRYM FEWXMQIRX
HI V^FSM WEY EP ZVIYRYM ZEW IY EFYVM RI WXRNIRIE, IY WXVMKEQ:
,EMHI'M, V'SMM QIM, R ET!
"M V'SMM QIM WVIEY R ET, #M RGSVHRHY-#M FVE'IPI, VMHMGEY #EPYTE #M S
XVIGIEY HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E FERGYPYM HI RMWMT.
R EGIWX JIP, EQ GETXYVEX YR ZEW RGVGEX SGLM P-EQ GSRHYW TI 'VQYP
SGGMHIRXEP EP PEGYPYM, ETVSETI HI 'EQEGY #M EGSPS M-EQ HEX JSG, HYT YW GI-
EQ WGSW HMR IP XSX GIIE GI W-E TYXYX WGSEXI.
)VE TVMQE GETXYV TI GEVI S JGIEQ #M QIVMXE SWXIRIEPE, HI EGIIE M
FYGYV JSEVXI QYPX TI QEVMREVMM RS#XVM. 1EM RXM, 3IGEVI #M PY TEVXIE PYM HMR
TVEH, ETSM HMRXV-YR JSRH HI VI^IVZ PI-EQ JGYX SEQIRMPSV QIM YRMJSVQI.
-QTIVMEPMM, GEVI RI HMWTVI'YMWIV TVSJYRH #M RY WGTEY RMGMSHEX TVMPINYP W-#M
FEX NSG HI RSM, RGITYV W TVMGIET MQTSVXER'E RSEWXV R PEKYR #M JSPSWMV
RYQIVSEWI FEWXMQIRXI GE W-#M ETIVI GSQIV'YP. :ME'E TI GEVI S HYGIEQ IVE
EGXMZ #M TPMR HI TVMQINHMM HMR GEY^E WYTIVMSVMX'MM RYQIVMGI E HY#QERYPYM,
HEV R EGIPE#M XMQT EXVKXSEVI, TMXSVIEWG #M R EVQSRMI GY GEVEGXIVYP QIY.
2SM RY IVEQ RYQEM QEVMREVM, PE RIZSMI IVEQ #M GPVI'M; R GPMTIPI HI
TVMQINHMI, KWIEQ RXSXHIEYRE EX'ME GEM G'M RI XVIFYMEY, FE GLMEV #M QEM
QYP'M, TYXRH EPGXYM, R HSY GIEWYVM, YR IWGEHVSR RY TVIE IPIKERX, HEV
GYQTPMX. 4VIXYXMRHIRM, HI-E PYRKYP PEKYRIM, WI E4EY JIVQI TI GEVI TVSTVMIXEVMM
PI TVWMWIV HMR TVMGMRE PYTXIPSV HYWI R ETVSTMIVI: EGSPS KWIEQ XSX JIPYP HI
ERMQEPI, GEM #M LVER; TI PRK EWXE, R NYVYP 3IGVIM JIVQI WI E4EY TSV'MYRM
HI XIVIR GYPXMZEXI HI YRHI PYEQ HMR FIP#YK KVY, GEVXS3 HYPGM #M HIWISVM RM#XI
TSVXSGEPI KVS^EZI, GGM EMGM, R VIKMYRIE EGIEWXE, GVI#XIEY GIPI QEM KYWXSEWI
TSVXSGEPI HMR RXVIEKE %QIVMG HI 7YH. 8VYTE GEVI Q RXSZV#IE, S
EHIZVEX LSEVH GSWQSTSPMX, IVE EPGXYMX HMR SEQIRM HI XSEXI GYPSVMPI #M
HI XSEXI RE'MSREPMX'MPI. )Y S XVEXEQ GY S FPRHI'I TSEXI RITSXVMZMX YRSV
EWXJIP HI SEQIRM; HEV YR PYGVY TSX W E3VQ GY XVMI, G RY Q-EQ GMX
RMGMSHEX HI FYRXEXIE QIE, 3MRHG XS'M QM HHIEY EWGYPXEVI RG HI PE
TVMQYP SVHMR #M R-EQ JSWX WMPMX W Q SFSWIWG R ZER WEY W TIHITWIWG TI
GEVIZE.
)WXERGME HIPPE &EVFE 4I 'EQEGY, YRHI EZIEQ QMGYP EVWIREP #M HI YRHI
ETVYWI 4SXE VITYFPMGER, PSGYMEY, RXMR^RHY-WI TI S MQIRW WYTVEJE',
XSEXI JEQMPMMPI JVE'MPSV PYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW, TVIGYQ #M VYHIPI QEM RHITVXEXI;
GMVI^M JV HI RYQV T#XIEY TI EGIWXI IQTMM WTPIRHMHI, TI GEVI V^FSMYP PI
VIWTIGXEWI, HEX 3MRH G IPI RY WI E4EY R ETVSTMIVI HI QRE PYM
HMWXVYKXSEVI.
4VSHYWIPI EKVMGSPI IVEY RKVQHMXI EMGM GY YR FIP#YK, HIWTVI GEVI VXY-
'M TS'M JEGI S MHII R )YVSTE. %Q QEM WTYW #M EPXHEX G, R RMGM S 'EV HI TI
TQRX, R-EM TYXIE W RXPRI#XM S SWTMXEPMXEXI QEM HIWGLMW #M QEM GSVHMEP,
MEV SWTMXEPMXEXIE EWXE, RSM S E4EQ R EGIWXI GEWI YRHI RM W-E EVXEX GIE QEM
HITPMR WMQTEXMI.
*IVQIPI PE GEVI, HMR TVMGMRE ETVSTMIVMM PSV HI 4YZMY #M E FYRIM TVMQMVM TI
GEVI IVEQ WMKYVM G S ZSQ KWM EGSPS, TSTSWIEQ RHISWIFM, IVEY JIVQIPI
HSRIM %RRE #M EPI HSRIM %RXSRME, WYVSVMPI TVI#IHMRXIPYM. %GIWXI JIVQI IVEY
WMXYEXI, TVMQE TI 'VQYP 4YZMYPYM 'EQEGY, GIEPEPX TI GIP EP 4YZMYPYM %VVSZS-
+VERHI. 2Y #XMY HEG IVE IJIGXYP MQEKMRE'MIM QIPI, WEY HSEV TVMZMPIKMYP GIPSV
HSY^IGM #M #EWI HI ERM EM QIM, HEV SVMGI PYGVY QM WI TVIE RJVYQYWI'EX #M TSX
W E3VQ G RMGM S EPX TIVMSEH HMR ZME'E QIE RY-QM IWXI QEM ZMI R QMRXI #M
RJ'M#EX GY QEM QYPX JEVQIG GE GIE TI GEVI WYRX KEXE W-S TSZIWXIWG. 'EWE
HSRIM %RRE IVE, R QSH GY XSXYP HISWIFMX, YR EHIZVEX TEVEHMW; HI#M RY QEM
IVE XRV, EGIEWX JIVQIGXSEVI JIQIMI EZIE S 3VI ZIWIP. R TVIENQE IM WI
E4E S RXVIEK JEQMPMI HI IQMKVE'M HMR 4IPSXEW, SVE# HMRXV-S TVSZMRGMI EP GVIM
#IJ IVE HSGXSVYP 4ESPS *IVVIMVE; XVIM JIXI XMRIVI, YRE QEM RGVMXXSEVI HIGX
GIEPEPX, GSRWXMXYMEY TSHSEFE EGIWXYM PSG QMRYREX, YRE HMRXVI IPI, 1ERSIPE,
IVE WXTRE EFWSPYX E WY4IXYPYM QIY; HI#M JV WTIVER'E HI E-QM ETEV'MRI
ZVISHEX, RY Q TYXIEQ EF'MRI W R-S MYFIWG.
*EXE IVE PSKSHMX GY YRYP HMR 3MM PYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW.
8SXY#M, W-E MZMX YR TVMPIN GMRGM, E4RHY-Q R TVMQINIPMI, QM-E JSWX HEX W
GSRWXEX G RY-M IVEQ MRHMJIVIRX HSEQRIM MRMQMM QIPI #M JETXYP G #XMEQ G Q
FYGYV HI WMQTEXME IM, QM-E JSWX HI-ENYRW WTVI E Q GSRWSPE G RY TYXIE W 3I
E QIE. R KIRIVEP JIQIMPI HMR 6MS-+VERHI WYRX JSEVXI JVYQSEWI; FVFE'MM
RS#XVM HIZIRMWIV, R GLMT KEPERX, WGPEZMM PSV; HEV RMGMYRYP, XVIFYMI W-S WTYR, R-
EZIE TIRXVY MHSPYP PYM YR GYPX EXX HI HYQRI^IMIWG #M EXX HI HI^MRXIVIWEX GYQ
EZIEQ IY TIRXVY 1ERSIPE. %WXJIP, SVM HI GXI SVM YR ZRX TYXIVRMG, S JYVXYR,
S I\TIHM'MI RI QTMRKIE WTVI %VVS]S-+VERHI WEY WTVI 'EQEGY IVE
WVFXSEVI TVMRXVI RSM; QMGYP GVRK HI PE *MVMZE, GEVI MRHMGE MRXVEVIE TI YRYP
HMR 4YZMM WEY THYVIE HI TSVXSGEPM GEVI EWGYRHIE ZVWEVIE GIPYMPEPX, IVEY
WEPYXEXI* RXSXHIEYRE HI S WEPZ TYXIVRMG HI YVEPI GI HHIEY R ZMPIEK
IRXY^MEWQYP RSWXVY EQSVSW.
RXV-S ^M. (YT GI XVWIWIQ PE QEP EQFEVGE'MMPI #M RI E4EQ, PE JIVQE
HIPPE &EVFE GI-M ETEV'MRIE HSRIM %RXSRME,. 7SVE TVI#IHMRXIPYM HMREMRXIE
YRYM LEQFEV GEVI WPYNIE PE WVEXYP #M EJYQEXYP GVRMM #M GEVI HI EGIIE, PE 'EV,
WI #M RYQI#XI (PEPTSR HE GLEVKYIEHE, ZIRMV W RI TVIZMR G GSPSRIPYP .YER-
4MIXVS HI %FVIYW, TSVIGPMX HMR TVMGMRE #MVIXIRMIM PYM, 1SVMRKYI, EHMG HMLSRMM,
HIFEVGEWI PE HSY-XVIM PIKLI HITVXEVI HI RSM, GY #ETXI^IGM HI SEQIRM HMR
GEZEPIVMI #M GY STX^IGM HMR MRJERXIVMI.
0YGVYP IVE GY EXX QEM TVSFEFMP GY GX HI PE GETXYVEVIE JIPYVMM, TI GEVI S
EVWIWIQ HYT GI RI RWY#MWIQ XSX GI EZYWIWI IE QEM HI TVI', #XMEQ G
1SVMRKYI NYVEWI W-#M ME VIZER#E.
%GIEWX ZIWXI Q YQTPY HI FYGYVMI. 3EQIRMM TI GEVI M GSQERHE
GSPSRIPYP 1SVMRKYI IVEY QIVGIREVM KIVQERM #M EYWXVMIGM, GVSVE EVHIEQ HI
HSVMR'E W PI TPXIWG HEXSVME TI GEVI SVMGI FYR MXEPMER E GSRXVEGXEX-S JE' HI
JVE'MM PSV HMR )YVSTE.
2SM IVEQ GY XS'MM ZVIS #EM^IGM HI SEQIRM, HEV IY QM GYRS#XIEQ EGI#XM
#EM^IGM HI SEQIRM EM QIM #M GY IM Q GVIHIEQ R WXEVI W 'MR TMITX RY RYQEM PE
S WYX GMRGM^IGM, GM #M PE XVIM WYXI HI EYWXVMIGM.
4VMR YVQEVI, EQ XVMQMW GIVGIXE#M R XSEXI TV'MPI, STVMRHY-QM ETVSETI
GMRGM^IGM IPI SEQIRM.
'IM ^IGI WEY HSMWTVI^IGI SEQIRM TI GEVI'MM XVQMWIWIQ R VIGYRSE#XIVI
WI RXSEVWIV XS'M GY EGIPE#M VWTYRW:
2-EQ Z^YX RMQMG.
)VE S GIE' HIEW #M, HEXSVMX IM, HY#QERYP TYXYWI W WGETI HT MWGSEHI.
%Q LSXVX W RY Q FM^YM RYQEM TI MRXIPMKIR'E SQYPYM, GM. 7 Q
EHVIWI^ MRWXMRGXYPYM ERMQEPIPSV.
(I SFMGIM, GRH WI SVKERM^IE^ S I\TIHM'MI HI EGIWX JIP #M GRH SEQIRM
HMRXV-S EPX 'EV ZMR R TVIENQE ZVIYRIM JIVQI W RXMRH ZVIS GYVW,
ERMQEPIPI, GEVI P WMQX TI WXVMR, HEY WIQRI HI RIPMRM#XI GI RY-M R#EP
RMGMSHEX TI GIM GI PI MEY R WIEQ.
%RMQEPIPI, KSRMXI HI SEQIRMM QIM, WI VWTRHMV HI NYV QTVINYVYP
JIVQIM JV W HIE RW ZVIYR WIQR G W-EV TIXVIGI GIZE RISFM#RYMX TVMR
ETVSTMIVI.
'VI^RH G RY QEM EQ E Q XIQI HI RMGM S WYVTVM^, EQ TSVYRGMX
SEQIRMPSV W-#M TYR TY#XMPI, E#E RGVGEXI GYQ IVEY, GE #M QYRM'MMPI TI
VEWXIPIPI RNKLIFEXI R LEQFEV #M PI-EQ HEX S TMPH HI WMKYVER' E#I^RHY-Q
W QRRI #M TSJXMRHY-M W JEG PE JIP.
(I SFMGIM EGIEWXE IVE S MRZMXE'MI TI GEVI S TVMQIEY JV W WI PEWI
VYKE'M. 7PEZ (SQRYPYM, LVERE RY RI PMTWIE.
(YT XIVQMREVIE QIWIM, P-EQ XVMQMW TI 3IGEVI PE XVIEFE PYM.
3EQIRMM QIM QYRGIEY PE JIP HI FMRI GYQ #M QRGEY, EHMG HMR XSEX
MRMQE; RY WI PWEV HIGM VYKE'M: YRMM WI HYWIV PE PERGMSERIPI GEVI IVEY XVEWI
TI 'VQ #M TI GEVI PI VITEVEY; EP'MM PE TSXGSZMX GEMM; YRMM R THYVI W GEVI
GVFYRM; EP'MM PE TIWGYMX.
%Q VQEW WMRKYV GY FYGXEVYP-#IJ, GEVI-#M WXEFMPMWI FYGXVME WYF GIVYP
PMFIV R JE'E Y#MM LEQFEVYPYM #M GEVI-#M WYTVEZIKLIE GVEXM'E WEY PYE WTYQE HI
TI SEPE GY GMSVF.
'X HIWTVI QMRI, WEZYVEQ GY ZSPYTXEXI 3IVXYVE HI QEXI, YR JIP HI GIEM
HMR 4EVEKYE] GEVI WI FIE HMRXV-YR FSWXER GY ENYXSVYP YRYM XYF HI WXMGP WEY HI
PIQR.
2Y FRYMEQ GXY#M HI TY'MR G GSPSRIPYP 1SVMRKYI GEVI IVE HMR TEVXIE
PSGYPYM, HIVYXEWI TVMRXV-YR #MVIXPMG WYTVEZIKLIVIE SEQIRMPSV QIM, G#XMKEWI
RGVIHIVIE ERMQEPIPSV RSEWXVI #M GY GIM S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI EYWXVMIGM EM PYM, WI
GYPGEWI TI FYVX RXV-YR GVRK, PE GMRGM WEY #EWI WYXI HI TE#M HI RSM.
(ISHEX, WTVI QEVIE QIE WYVTVMRHIVI EQ EY^MX R WTEXIPI QIY, WYRRH
EXEGYP.
1-EQ RXSVW. -RJERXIVME #M GEZEPIVME EXEGEY, R KEPST, 3IGEVI GPVI'
EZRH YR SQ HYT IP; GIM GVSVE PI PMTWIEY GEMM, EPIVKEY TI NSW EK'E'M HI
GSEQIPI ERMQEPIPSV.
(MRXV-S WVMXYV EQ JSWX TI FERGE HMR LEQFEV; FYGXEVYP Q YVQ; HEV
HY#QERYP IVE EXX HI ETVSETI RGX R GPMTE R GEVI XVIGIEQ TVEKYP S PSZMXYV
HI PERGI QM WI R3TWI R TYRGL16.
%Q QEM WTYW G TY#XMPI WI KWIEY VRHYMXI, E#E RGVGEXI GYQ IVEY TI
VEWXIP. )VEY GY XSEXIPI #EM^IGM.
%Q ETYGEX YRE, EQ HIWGVGEX-S; TI YVQ TI E HSYE, ETSM TI E XVIME #M
EWXE GY S MY'IEP E#E HI QEVI RGX W 3I GSRZMR#M G RY WYRX WMRKYV, #M GY
EXXE WYGGIW, RGX G^YV XVIM SEQIRM.
% TEXVE, E GMRGIE, E #EWIE PSZMXYV YVQEV HYT TVMQIPI XVIM; 3MRHG
XVKIEQ R KVQEH, 3IGEVI PSZMXYV RMQIVIE R TPMR.
(EG QYP'MQMM EGIPIME HI WSPHE'M M-EV 3 ZIRMX R QMRXI W WI RTYWXIEWG
R LEQFEV EXX GSVWEVYP EHMG IY GX #M I\TIHM'ME PYM EV 3 TMIVMX RXV-S GPMT;
HEV FYGXEVYP QM WI EPXYVEWI #M, XVKRH #M IP, (MLSVYP, SVMGX HI TIVWTMGEGI
IVE, WI PW TVMRW R GYVW #M GVI^Y G WYRXIQ GY XS'MM R LEQFEV.
(VITX YVQEVI, WI VIXVEWI GY SEQIRMM PYM PE S WYX HI QIXVM HI LEQFEV #M
RGITY W XVEK. %WXE Q WEPZ. 'YQ FYGXEVYP RY IVE YR XVKXSV TVIE FYR #M
GYQ R WMXYE'ME RSEWXV SVMGI JSG HI TY#G TMIVHYX IVE S KVI#IEP, M-EQ
SVHSREX W-QM RGEVGI HSEV TY#XMPI #M W QM PI HIE PE QR.
)VEQ WMKYV HI YR PYGVY #M ERYQI G SEQIRMM QIM, EY^MRH QTY#GXYVMPI
ZSV FRYM G HY#QERYP E HIFEVGEX, ZSV TVMGITI XSXYP #M ZSV EPIVKE R ENYXSVYP
QIY.
2Y Q R#IPEWIQ. :MXIE^YP QIY 0YMKM 'EVRMKPME ETVY GIP HMRXM TVMR
RSVYP HI JYQ GI WI RXMRHIE RXVI LEQFEV #M XVYTE HY#QER, GEVI PE VRHYP IM,
XVKIE HI QEQE-JSGYPYM.
RHEX HYT IP WI MZMV -KRE^MS &MPFES, YR FVEZ FMWGEMER #M YR MXEPMER PE
JIP HI FVEZ, RYQMX 0SVIR^S. RXV-S GPMT SEQIRMM JYV PRK QMRI #M RGITYV W
Q MQMXI GEVI QEM HI GEVI; ZIRMV ETSM )HYEVH 1YXVY, 2EGIQIRXS 6ETLEIP #M
4VSGSTI; EGI#XME HSM HMR YVQ IVEY, YRYP QYPEXVY, GIPPEPX RIKVY; ETSM
*VERGIWGS HE 7]PZE; E# ZVIE, R PSG W WGVMY EMGM, TI LVXMI, W KVEZI^ R FVSR^
RYQIPI XYXYVSV EGIWXSV ZMXINM XSZEV#M, R RYQV HI XVIMWTVI^IGI SEVI QM WI
EPXYVEV #M PYTXEV XMQT HI GMRGM SVI QTSXVMZE E S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI HY#QERM.
%GI#XM HY#QERM TYWIWIV WXTRMVI TI XSEXI GEWIPI, TI XSEXI FEVGMPI
TI XSEXI GWY'IPI GI RI RGSRNYVEY #M HI EGSPS XVKIEY GYQTPMX EWYTVE
RSEWXV. %P'MM WI YVGEV TI EGSTIVM#, GVYME M VMHMGEWIV RZIPMXSEVIE,
QTY#GRHY-RI TVMR KYVM #M E^ZVPMRH R RSM GY XSV'I ETVMRWI. (EV R XMQT GI
YRMM WXMRKIEY XSV'IPI, GIMPEP'M VWTYRHIEY PE QTY#GXYVM #M HSM WEY XVIM G^YV
QSV'M R QMNPSGYP RSWXVY TVMR KYVMPI TI GEVI IM R#M#M PI JGYWIV.
0E VRHYP RSWXVY, HIWGLMWIVQ GY FEMSRIXIPI JIVWXVYMGM R ^MHYP
LEQFEVYPYM #M, SEVIGYQ PE EHTSWX, XVKIEQ TVMR IPI.
4I PE SVE XVIM, RIKVYP 4VSGSTI XVEWI R TPMR: ^HVSFM FVE'YP GSPSRIPYPYM
1SVMRKYI.
RHEX, GSPSRIPYP SVHSR W WI WYRI VIXVEKIVIE #M TPIG; #M PY VRM'MM,
HEV PW GMRGMWTVI^IGI QSV'M.
(MRXVI EM QIM, HMR XVIMWTVI^IGI SEQIRM, EZIEQ GMRGM QSV'M #M GMRGM VRM'M.
8VIM HMRXVI EGI#XME QYVMV HMR GEY^E VRMPSV, EWXJIP RGX EGIEWX RGMIVEVI Q-
E GSWXEX STX SEQIRM, 3MRH YRE HMR GIPI QEM ETVMKI PE GEVI EQ PYEX TEVXI.
%GIWXI PYTXI IVEY GY EXX QEM KVIPI TIRXVY RSM, GY GX RY EZIEQ RMGM
QIHMG, RMGM GLMVYVK. 6RMPI Y#SEVI WI SFPSNIEY GY ET VIGI, TI GEVI S
WGLMQFEY SVM HI GXI SVM IVE GY TYXMR'.
'X TVMZI#XI VRMPI KVEZI, IVE GY XSXYP EPXGIZE. R KIRIVEP VRMXYP #M
HHIE IP WMRKYV WIEQE; HEG RY RHNHYME W-#M QEM VIZMR, GLIQE TI GIP QEM
FYR TVMIXIR EP PYM, M HHIE TI WGYVX YPXMQIPI HMWTS^M'MM XIWXEQIRXEVI #M-P VYKE
W-P WYTVMQI TVMRXV-YR JSG HI TY#G. 4VMIXIRYP I\EQMRE VRMXYP #M HEG IVE HI
TVIVIE PYM, WI QFV'M#EY, #M WXVRKIEY QRE #M YR JSG HI EVQ WEY HI TMWXSP
GSRWXMXYME HI^RSHQRXYP HVEQIM.
)VE GIZE XVMWX, IVE GIZE FEVFEV TSEXI, HEV XI ZVI'M# 2Y I\MWXE RMGM YR
QMNPSG HI E TVSGIHE EPXJIP. . 6SWWIXXM, GEVI, HMR RXQTPEVI, WI E4E PE 'EQEGY,
GE #M VIWXYP XSZEV#MPSV RS#XVM, RY TYXY, WTVI QEVIPI PYM VIKVIX, W RI
RXPRIEWG. 9RMM JYV WMPM'M, 3MRH YVQVM'M #M JV EVQI, W XVIEG 4YZMYP RSX;
EP'MM WI RJYRHEV R THYVI; YRYP WMRKYV JY HIWGSTIVMX #M YGMW.
%GIEWX PYTX EXX HI TIVMGYPSEW #M GEVI E EZYX YR WJV#MX EXX HI
JIVMGMX, PI HHY S RGVIHIVI MQIRW SEQIRMPSV RS#XVM #M PSGYMXSVMPSV HI TI
EGIEWX GSEWX, I\TYW HI QYPX XMQT MRGYVWMYRMPSV EGIWXYM HY#QER EZIRXYVSW
#M RXVITVMR^XSV.
1SVMRKYI E JSWX, HI EPXJIP, GIP QEM FYR #IJ HI I\TIHM'MI EP MQTIVMEPMPSV.
2YQEM IP IVE R WXEVI HI EWIQIRIE WYVTVM^I, #M XVIFYMI W WTYR G TI EGIIE S
GSRHYWIWI GY S 3RI'I GEVI M-EV 3 EHYW R QSH WMKYV, TSVIGPE HI HMLSV HEG
R-EV 3 EZYX-S. 2WGYX RXV-S 'EV TI GEVI, GYQ EQ WTYW, S GYRS#XIE PE
TIVJIG'MI, R^IWXVEX GY S #MVIXIRMI #M S RHV^RIEP JV QEVKMRM, IP E EHYW QYPX
VY GEY^IM VITYFPMGERI #M MQTIVMYP &VE^MPMIM PYM M HEXSVIE^, JV RMGM S RHSMEP,
R GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI, WYTYRIVIE EGIWXIM TVSZMRGMM GYVENSEWI.
2SM, XSXY#M, RI-EQ WVFXSVMX ZMGXSVME. R GMRWXIE RSEWXV, HSRE %RXSRME
HHY S WIVFEVI PE JIVQE IM, PE S HITVXEVI HI ZVIS HSYWTVI^IGI QMPI HI
LEQFEVYP R GEVI WYW'MRYWIQ PYTXE. 4 0E EGIEWX WIVFEVI EQ E4EX G S JEX
JVYQSEW, PE ZIWXIE TVMQINHMIM R GEVI Q E4EWIQ, TPMWI #M GIVYWI GY GPHYV
#XMVM HIWTVI ZME'E #M HIWTVI WRXEXIE QIE M^FRH QEM HYPGI MRMQMM QIPI
HIGX M^FRHE WRKIVSEW TI GEVI S VITYVXEWIQ. %L, JEX JVYQSEW HI TI
GSRXMRIRXYP EQIVMGER! )VEQ QRHVY #M JIVMGMX HI E-'M ETEV'MRI R SVMGI JIP GLMEV
#M RYQEM R KRH. )VEM LV^MX #M E XVIFYMX W ETEV'MM EPXYME, HEV WSEVXE QM-E
VI^IVZEX S EPX 4SEVI E &VE^MPMIM, TI GEVI S TPRK EWX^M #M TI GEVI S ZSM TPRKI
XSEX ZME'E. (YPGIE QEQ E 3MPSV QIM! %Q GYRSWGYX-S RY R ZMGXSVMI, GM R VWX.
6M#XI #M R REYJVEKMY, #M QYPX QEM QYPX HIGX XMRIVI'IE, GLMTYP #M QIVMXIPI
QIPI S RPR'YMV TI ZME' HI QMRI, RIRSVSGMVMPI QIPI.
%RMXE! 7GYQT %RMXE! 17
)\TIHM'ME HI -E 7ERME 'EXEVMRE 4Y'MRI PYGVYVM, FE GLMEV RMQMG MQTSVXERX
RY WI QEM TIXVIGY TI PEKYRE HI PE 0SW 4EXSW HYT EGIEWX RXQTPEVI.
RGITYVQ W GSRWXVYMQ EPXI HSY ZEWI. 4VMQIPI QEXIVMEPI PI E4EVQ R
TVEHE RSEWXV HI QEM REMRXI; GX HIWTVI TVIPYGVEVIE PSV, EWXE R-E JSWX RYQEM
STIVE RSEWXV, GM #M E PSGYMXSVMPSV HMR QTVINYVMQM GEVI RI-EY ENYXEX XIQIMRMG.
(YT XIVQMREVIE #M EVQEVIE GIPSV HSY RSM ZEWI, EQ, JSWX GLIQE'M W
RI YRMQ GY EVQEXE VITYFPMGER, GEVI EWIHME TI EXYRGM 4SVXS-%PIKVI, GETMXEPE
TVSZMRGMIM. %VQEXE R-E JGYX RMQMG #M RMGM RSM R-EQ TYXYX W JEGIQ GIZE R
XSEX ZVIQIE TIXVIGYX R EGIEWX VIKMYRI E PEGYPYM.
%WIHMYP IVE XSXY#M GSRHYW HI &IRXS 1ERSIP, GVYME XSEX PYQIE M
EXVMFYME, TI FYR HVITXEXI, QEVM QIVMXI HI WSPHEX, HI KIRIVEP #M HI
SVKERM^EXSV. 8SX IP E JSWX GIP GEVI, QEM XV^MY, M-E XVHEX TI VITYFPMGERM #M E
XVIGYX HI TEVXIE MQTIVMEPMPSV.
7I TYRIE PE GEPI I\TIHM'ME HI PE 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE. )Y EQ JSWX GLIQEX W
JEG TEVXI HMR IE 3MRH TYW WYF SVHMRIPI KIRIVEPYPYM 'EREZEVVS.
2YQEM G I\MWXE S KVIYXEXI #M ERYQI G RY TYXIEQ W MI#MQ HMR PEKYR,
HEX 3MRH G KYVE IM IVE T^MX HI MQTIVMEPM.
RXV-EHIZV, TI 'VQYP QIVMHMSREP WI E4E SVE#YP JSVXM3GEX 6MS-+VERHI HI
7YP, MEV TI QEPYP WITXIRXVMSREP, 7ER .SWI HI 2SVXI, YR SVE# QEM QMG, HEV XSX
JSVXM3GEX. RW EGIWXI HSY PSGYVM GE #M 4SVXS-%PIKVI WI KWIEY RG R TYXIVIE
MQTIVMEPMPSV, GIIE GI M JGIE WXTRM TI MRXVEVIE #M TI MI#MVIE HMR -EG. 'I-M
HVITX, RY WXTRIEY HIGX EGIWXI XVIM TYRGXI, HEV IVEY TVIE HI-ENYRW.
8SXY#M, GY RM#XI SEQIRM GE GIM TI GEVI M GSQERHEQ, RMQMG RY IVE GY
RITYXMR'.
%Q TVSTYW W PWQ TI PEKYR GIPI HSY ZEWI QEM QMGM; #IJYP PSV EZIE
W 3I YR FYR QEVMREV, GY RYQIPI HI >I2IVMRS H'9XVE. )Y, GY GIPIPEPXI HSY,
EZRH WYF SVHMRIPI QIPI TI +VMKKW #M TI GIM QEM RHV^RI'M HMRXVI SEQIRMM
RS#XVM, YVQE W RWS'IWG I\TIHM'ME, STIVRH TI QEVI, R XMQT GI KIRIVEPYP
'EREZEVVS EV 3 STIVEX TI YWGEX.
)VE YR TPER JSEVXI JVYQSW, RY QEM VQRIE HIGX W 3I TYW R ETPMGEVI.
%Q TVSTYW W WI GSRWXVYMEWG HSY GEVI HI-ENYRW HI QEVM #M HI-ENYRW
HI WSPMHI WTVI E TYXIE XVERWTSVXE, TI 3IGEVI HMR IPI, GXI S EQFEVG-E'MI #M W
WI RLEQI PE EGIWXI GEVI EX'ME FSM #M GEM GX IVEY RIGIWEVM GE W PI XVEK.
4VSTYRIVIE QIE E JSWX TVMQMX, MEV IY EQ JSWX RWVGMREX W-M HEY GYVW.
2YQEM G, VI4IGXRH EWYTVE IM, M-EQ EHYW YVQXSEVIPI QSHM3GVM: EQ TYW W
WI JEG HI GXVI YR VSXEV TVMGITYX, STX VS'M IRSVQI, WSPMHI #M VI^MWXIRXI PE
SVMGI RGIVGEVI, GY FYXYGMM TSXVMZMX KVIYX'MM TI GEVI XVIFYMEY W-S WYTSVXI.
0E YRE HMR I\XVIQMX'MPI PEGYPYM GIE STYW PYM 6MS-+VERHI HI 7YP, EHMG
PE RSVH-IWX I\MWX, R JYRHYP YRIM VTI, YR QMG TVY GI GYVKI HMR PEKYRE 0SW
4VSW R PEGYP 8VQRHM, TI GEVI IVE ZSVFE W WI XVERWTSVXI GIPI HSY
PERGMSERE.
%Q TYW W WI GSFSEVI R EGIEWX VT YRYP HMR GEVIPI RSEWXVI,
EJYRHRHY-P GX QEM QYPX; GY TYXMR'.; ETSM., E#E GYQ JGIEQ WTVI E PI
XVERWTSVXE TI HIEWYTVE FERGYVMPSV HI RMWMT, EQ VMHMGEX PERGMSRE, TR GI GLMPE
IM W-E WTVMNMRMX TI SWME HYFP.
3 WYX HI FSM HSQIWXMGM'M, RLQE'M PE GVQ, GY ENYXSVYP GIPSV QEM
XVEMRMGI JVRKLMM EPI RSEWXVI, JYV TSVRM'M HMRXV-S HEX #M Z^YM GY S WEXMWJEG'MI
TI GEVI RY TSX W-S HIWGVMY, TYRRHY-WI R QM#GEVI GE YR FEKEN SFM#RYMX, GIP
QEM QEVI HMRXVI GIPI HSY ZEWI EPI QIPI.
%P HSMPIE GEV JY GSFSVX PE VRHYP PYM, RGVGEX GE #M TVMQYP, #M, GE #M
TVMQYP, S PY HMR PSG R QSH JIVMGMX.
0SGYMXSVMM WI FYGYVEV HI WTIGXEGSPYP GMYHEX #M RISFM#RYMX EP GIPSV HSY
FEWXMQIRXI GEVI XVIGIEY R GEVI GY HSY VS'M #M IVEY XVEWI HI GXI HSY WYXI
HI FSM TI S HMWXER' HI GMRGM^IGM #M TEXVY HI QMPI, EHMG HI STXWTV-I^IGI PIKLI
#M XSXYP JV GIE QEM QMG HM3GYPXEXI #M JV GIP QEM QMG EGGMHIRX.
3 HEX ENYR#M TI QEPYP PEGYPYM 8VQRHM, PERGMSERIPI EY JSWX PERWEXI PE
ET R EGIPE#M JIP R GEVI JYWIWIV QFEVGEXI; EGSPS, PM WI JGYV QMGMPI
VITEVE'MM TI GEVI PI RIGIWMXE GPXSVME, HEV GEVI RY RWIQREY QEVI PYGVY,
HISEVIGI RYQEM HYT XVIM ^MPI IVEY R WXEVI W REZMKLI^I.
0EGYP 8VQRHM IWXI JSVQEX HMR HSY ETI GYVKXSEVI, GI M^ZSVWG HI
TI ZIVWERXYP SVMIRXEP EP PER'YPYM HI QYR'M (S )WTMREWWS; IP WI ZEVW R %XPERXMG,
HEV IWXI EXX HI TY'MR EHMRI, RGX RYQEM R XMQTYP QEVMPSV QEVII EHRGMQIE
PYM EXMRKI TEXVY WEY GMRGM TMGMSEVI.
8VIFYMI W QEM WTYRIQ G TI EGIEWX GSEWX, HIWGLMW HMR XSEXI TV'MPI,
'QEVIE RY IWXI ETVSETI RMGMSHEX GEPQ, GM HMQTSXVMZ, QEM XSX XMQTYP I
EKMXEX.
>KSQSXYP WXRGMPSV HI PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM, GEVI WI RXMRH HI-E PYRKYP
GSEWXIM #M TI GEVI QEVMREVMM PI RYQIWG GEMM1- HMR TVMGMRE WTYQIM TI GEVI S
QTV#XMI R NYVYP PSV, WI EYHI TR PE QEM QYPXI QMPI R MRXIVMSVYP 'VMM #M
EHIWIE IWXI PYEX HVITX FYFYMXYP XYRIXYPYM.
<<- 4PIGEVIE #M REYJVEKMYP R WJV#MX, KEXE HI TPIGEVI, EQ E#XITXEX SVE
QEVIIM REPXI, #M RI-EQ EZIRXYVEX W MI#MQ R PEVK GXVI SVE TEXVY HYT-
EQME^.
R EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI, YVQE W 3Q JSEVXI WEXMWJGY'M HI RHIPYRKEXE
HITVMRHIVI TI GEVI S EZIEQ HI E REZMKE TVMR QMNPSGYP WXRGMPSV HI PE
WYTVEJE'E ETIM; #M GY XSEX EGIEWX HITVMRHIVI, R-E# TYXIE W QEM WTYR EWX^M
TVMR GI QERIZV, QEM QYPX RHV^RIE' HIGX EFMP, EQ M^FYXMX W WGSEXIQ
GIPI HSY ZEWI R PEVK, HI#M RSM EPIWIWIQ, GYQ EQ QEM WTYW-S EHMRIESVM, SVE
GRH QEVIIE IVE HITPMR, ' GGM RMGMIVM RY EZIEQ EHRGMQIE RIGIWEV #M
EFME PE GHIVIE RST'MM M^FYXMVQ HYT QYPXI WJSV'VM W EVYRGQ ERGSVE R
3GIER, HMRGSPS HI RWTYQEXIPI WXRGM HI PE WYTVEJE', E GVSV QRMI TVIE W
WTSVIEWG Z^RH G PI WGTQ.
8VIFYMI W GSRWIQRQ EMGM G RMGMSHEX, REMRXIE RSEWXV, RY MI#MWI
ZVIYR ZEW HMR PEGYP 8VQRHM.
'XVI GIEWYVMPI STX WIEVE, EQ VMHMGEX ERGSVE #M EQ TSVRMX-S PE HVYQ.
% HSYE ^M, PE SVE XVIM RSETXIE REYJVEKMEQ PE ZVWEVIE 4YZMYPYM
%WWIVMKYE, GI-#M EVI M^ZSVYP R 7MIVVE HI )WTMREWWS #M GEVI WI ZEVW R QEVI R
TVSZMRGME 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, RXVI 8SYVW #M 7ERXE 1EYVE.
(MRXVI GIM XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM EM IGLMTENYPYM, #EMWTVI^IGI WI RIGEWIV.
7 TSZIWXMQ GYQ W-E TVSHYW EGIEWX R3SVXSEVI GEXEWXVSJ.
(I GY WIEV, GLMEV HMR QSQIRXYP TPIGVMM, ZRXYP HMR WYH RI #M EQIRMR'E,
RKVQHMRH RSVMM #M FXRH GY JYVMI. 2SM EQ QIVW TEVEPIP GY GSEWXE; 6MS
4EVHS1EZIE, GYQ EQ WTYW, XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM PE FSVH, YR XYR HI GEPMFVEM
HSMWTVI^IGI TI TMZSX, S KVQEH HI P^M, S QYP'MQI HI SFMIGXI HI XSX JIPYP,
XSEXI EWXIE PYEXI HMR TVIGEY'MI, GGM RY #XMEQ GX XMQT ZSQ VQRI TI QEVI,
GI 'VQ ZSQ EXMRKI #M R GI WXEVI ZSQ ENYRKI PE IP, HEX 3MRH G RI RHVITXEQ
WTVI S 'EV HY#QER.
:EWYP WI E4E, E#EHEV, TIWXI QWYV HI RGVGEX, #M HIWISVM IVE EGSTIVMX
R RXVIKMQI HI ZEPYVMPI, GEVI, R 3IGI GPMT GVI#XIEY S HEX GY ZRXYP #M YRISVM
GLMEV EQIRMR'EY W-P RKLMX. ,SXVM HIGM W Q ETVSTMM HI GSEWX #M, HEG
PYGVYP IVE GY TYXMR', W EGSWXI^ RXV-YR PSG HI TI TPEN GEVI RM W-EV 3 TVYX
EGGIWMFMP; HEV HISEVIGI QEVIE, GI WI XSX YQ4E, RY RI PWE W RI EPIKIQ
TS^M'ME GEVI RI GSRZIRIE, EQ JSWX EGSTIVM'M HI YR ZEP YVME#, GI RI ETPIG GY
XSXYP RXV-S TEVXI.
R. %GIP QSQIRX, Q E4EQ R ZVJYP GEXEVKYPYM XVMRGLIXIM, HI YRHI
WTIVEQ W HIWGSTV S XVIGIVI TVMRXVI WXRGMPI HI PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM; PERGMSRE
WI RGPMR PE XVMFSVH #M JYM EVYRGEX PE S HMWXER' HI ZVIS XVIM^IGM HI TMGMSEVI.
(I#M IVEQ RXV-S WMXYE'MI TVMQINHMSEW, RGVIHIVIE TI GEVI S EZIEQ R
JSV'IPI QIPI HI RSXXSV JGY W RY Q KRHIWG RMGM S GPMT PE QSEVXI; HEV,
EZRH GY QMRI G'MZE SEQIRM GEVI RY IVEY QEVMREVM #M TI GEVI GY S GPMT QEM
REMRXI M Z^YWIQ RXMR#M TI TYRXI, GLMRYM'M HI VYP HI QEVI R PSG W RSX
WTVI GSEWX, Q-EQ ETYGEX W EHYR S TEVXI HMR SFMIGXIPI GEVI, 3MRH Y#SEVI
TVIEY G ZSV VQRI PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM, #M W PI QTMRK WTVI ZEW, WXVMKRH
SEQIRMPSV QIM W WI EVYRGI R QEVI, W ETYGI SVMGI ITEZ'#M W RGIVGI W
ENYRK TI GSEWXE GEVI WI E4E PE QEM FMRI HI S QMP HITVXEVI HI RSM. :EWYP WI
VWXYVREWI, RW GEXEVKIPI P QIR'MRIEY GY TEVXIE HI PE FEFSVH HIEWYTVE ETIM.
4VMQYP SQ TI GEVI\P-E. 1 Z^YX VQWIWI EK'EX HI SHKSERI; IVE
)HYEVH 1YXVY, YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM TVMIXIRM EM QIM; EQ QTMRW WTVI IP S
FYGEX HMR XEQFYGLM ', WJXYMRHY-P W RY-M HIE HVYQYP. 1YXVY, P'MMRH TI GEPI HI
E WI WEPZE, QM-EQ EVYRGEX TVMZMVIE WTVI ZEW.
4VMQYP SQ TI GEVI P-EQ Z^YX JY WGYQTYP #M GYVENSWYP QIY 0YMKM
'EVRMKPME. R QSQIRXYP GEXEWXVSJIM IP WI E4E PE IVQ #M VQWIWI EK'EX HI
ZEW, R TEVXIE TYTIM STYW ZRXYPYM; HMR RIRSVSGMVI R EGIE GPMT IVE QFVGEX
IY S NEGLIX HI TSWXEZ JSEVXI KVSW, TI GEVI R-EZYWIWI ZVIQI W #M-S QEM
WGSEX #M GEVI M WXVRKIE EXX HI XEVI FVE'IPI, RGX M IVE GY RITYXMR' W
RSEXI GX XMQT EZIE W 3I TVM^SRMIVYP IM.
:^RH G Q RHVITXEQ WTVI IP, Q WXVMK.
RGIEVG W XI 'MM FMRI, M-EQ VWTYRW, 'M ZMR R ENYXSV.
"M RXV-EHIZV, YVGRHY-Q MEV#M TI ZEW, GE S TMWMG, EQ ENYRW TR PE
IP; Q-EQ EK'EX GY S QR HI S MI#MXYV #M GY GIEPEPX WGS'RH HMR FY^YREV YR
GY'MXE# GEVI HMR TGEXI RY XME FMRI, Q-EQ ETYGEX W-M WTMRXIG KYPIVYP #M
WTM'IPI NEGLIXIM; RG S WJSV'EVI #M E# 3 M^FYXMX W-P PMFIVI^ TI FMIXYP 'EVRMKPME
HMR EGIEWX WXVRWSEVI, GRH S RZSPFYVEVI XIVMFMP E QVMM RI EGSTIVM, JGRH
'RHVM ZEWYP, #M EVYRGRHY-M R QEVI TI XS'M GIM G'M QEM VQWIWIV TI FSVH.
'EVRMKPME JY E^ZVPMX S HEX GY GIMPEP'M #M RY QEM ETVY PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM.
'X HIWTVI QMRI, EVYRGEX R JYRHYP QVMM GE YR TVSMIGXMP, EQ VIZIRMX PE
WYTVEJE'E ETIM FYMQGMX GY HIWZV#MVI, HEV GY XSEX FYMQGIEPE QIE
KRHMRHY-Q PE YR WMRKYV PYGVY: W-M HEY ENYXSV WGYQTYPYM QIY 0YMKM. %Q
RSXEX HIGM R NYVYP GEVGEWIM ZEWYPYM ILIQRHY-P IY WXVMKXI TYXIVRMGI, R
QMNPSGYP #YMIVXYVMPSV JYVXYRMM #M EP FYFYMXYPYM ZMNIPMIM, HEV IP RY QM-E VWTYW:
JYWIWI RKLM'MX TIRXVY XSXHIEYRE, FYRYP QIY XSZEV# GEVI-QM WEPZEWI ZME'E TI
IWXYEVYP 0E 4PEXE #M JE' HI GEVI, GY XSEXI WJSV'VMPI QIPI, RY TYXYWIQ W Q
VIZER#I^!
R QSQIRXYP R GEVI TMIVHIEQ WTIVER'E HI E-M QEM TYXIE HE ENYXSV PYM
'EVRMKPME, QM-EQ EVYRGEX SGLMM R NYVYP QIY. % JSWX S QMRYRI E PYM (YQRI^IY,
JV RHSMEP, HEV R EGIP QSQIRX HI EKSRMI TIRXVY XSEX PYQIE, RY Q-EQ
RHSMX RMGM S GPMT HI WEPZEVIE QIE, EWXJIP RGX EQ TYXYX W Q SGYT HI
WEPZEVIE GIPSVPEP'M.
1M-EQ Z^YX XSZEV#MM VMWMTM'M #M RSXRH WTVI TPEN, V^PI'M'M YRMM HI EP'MM,
HYT EFMPMXEXIE WEY TYXIVIE PSV. --EQ ENYRW RXV-S GPMT #M, XVMQM'RHY-PI YR
GYZRX HI RGYVENEVI, M-EQ HIT#MX #M Q-EQ TSQIRMX TVMRXVI TVMQMM, HEG RY
GLMEV TVMQYP, RXVI WXRGMPI HI PE WYTVEJE', XMRH ZEPYVM YVME#I, GX QYR'MM HI
REPXI.
%Q ENYRW TI 'VQ. (YVIVIE TIRXVY TMIVHIVIE MYFMXYPYM QIY 'EVRMKPME Q
JGY RITWXSV JE' HI WSEVXE QIE, HRHY-QM S TYXIVI HI RIFMVYMX.
(I GYQ EQ TYW TMGMSVYP TI TQRX, Q-EQ #M RXSVW, QTMRW HI S YPXMQ
WTIVER'.
0I-EQ RXVIFEX TI VRH TI XSEXI EGIWXI 3MR'I WTIVMEXI, II TYXIEY 3
EGSTIVMXI R SVMGI QSQIRX HI ZEPYVM, HEV 'EVRMKPME JYWIWI RKLM'MX HI-E
FMRIPIE; EHRGYVMPI 3GIERYPYM RY QM-P QEM RETSMEV.
%XYRGM P-EQ VIZ^YX TI )HYEVH 1YXVY, GIP GEVI, HYT 'EVRMKPME, QM IVE
GIP QEM WGYQT, GIP GVYME M RXMRWIWIQ S FYGEX HMR XEQFYILM, RHIQRRHY-P
W WI EKE'I HI IE HMR XSEXI TYXIVMPI. *V RHSMEP, ZMSPIR'E QVMM M WQYPWIWI
ITEZE HMR QMRM. )P GSRXMRYE W RSEXI, HEV IVE MWXSZMX #M QM#GVMPI WEPI
WEGEHEXI EVXEY WXEVIE HI I\XVIQ SFSWIEP R GEVI WI E4E. %Q WTYW GX P
MYFIEQ; IP IVE GIP HI-EP HSMPIE JVEXI EP QIY TI GEVI EZIEQ W-P TMIVH R GYVWYP
^MPIM. 2-EQ ZVYX W VQR RXV-S GPMT PMTWMX HI XSX GIIE GI MYFIEQ QEM QYPX TI
PYQI. %Q QTMRW R QEVI FYGEXE HI ZEW GI-QM WPYNMWI QMI RWYQM W ENYRK PE
'VQ #M Q-EQ EVYRGEX R QMNPSGYP ZEPYVMPSV, RXSVGRHY-Q GY S XSXEP
RITWEVI W GEYX TVMQINHME HMR GEVI HI-EFME WGTEWIQ. (YT YR QMRYX, RY
QEM IVEQ HIGX PE GXIZE PYRKMQM HI FVE' HI )HYEVH; M WXVMKEM:
&MRI-XI FMRI! 'YVEN -EX-Q! )#XM WGTEX!
>EHEVRMG WTIVER', WJSV'VM MRYXMPI; R GPMTE R GEVI QTMRKIEQ WTVI IP
ITEZE TVSXIGXSEVI, WI WGYJYRH #M HMWTVY.
7GS'RH YR 'MTX, EQ HEX HVYQYP ITEZIM HI GEVI Q 'MRIEQ #M Q
GYJYRHEM. (EV RIKWMRHY-P, Q-EQ KRHMX G VIZIRMWI TSEXI PE WYTVEJE'E ETIM.
1-EQ YVGEX PE WYTVEJE'. %Q VIZIRMX: RMQMG! 1-EQ GYJYRHEX HMR RSY, HMR RSY
Q-EQ VMHMGEX PE WYTVEJE'. %Q WGSW EGIPIE#M WXVMKXI HI HMWTIVEVI GE #M TIRXVY
'EVRMKPME; GE #M TIRXVY 'EVRMKPME XSXYP E JSWX ^EHEVRMG; JYWIWI RKLM'MX #M IP, R
EHRGYVMPI SGIERYPYM TI GEVI RY WI XIQYWI W-P WXVFEX G-E W ZMR W Q
RXPRIEWG, WTVI E WPYNM GEY^ETSTSEVIPSV.
RG YR QEVXMV EP PMFIVX'MM MXEPMIRI, GEVI RY-#M ZE EZIE YR QSVQRX #M S
GVYGI E PYM!
'EHEZVIPI GIPSV #EMWTVI^IGI RIGE'M TI GEVI RSM M TMIVHYWIVQ R EGIWX
HI^EWXVY #M GEVI-QM JYWIWIV TR EXYRGM GVIHMRGMS#M XSZEV#M HI EVQI S HEX
RKLM'MXI HI QEVI, JYV PYEXI HI ZEPYVM #M HYWI HI GYVIR'M PE QEM FMRI HI
XVIM^IGM HI QMPI. (ITVXEVI, WTVI RSVH. %Q GYXEX EXYRGM TVMRXVI GIM
TEMWTVI^IGI GEVI WYTVEZMI'YMWIV #M GEVI R EGIP QSQIRX ENYRWIWIV GY XS'MM PE
'VQ, YR GLMT HI TVMIXIR, S 3KYV HI MXEPMER. 2MGMYRE! 'IM #EWI MXEPMIRM GEVI Q
RWS'IEY IVEY QSV'M: 'EVRMKPME, 1YXVY, 7XEHIVMRM, 2EZSRI, +MSZERRM. 2Y-QM QEM
EQMRXIWG RYQIPI GIPYM HI EP #EWIPIE.
M GIV MIVXEVI TEXVMIM HI E-P 3 YMXEX; #XMY TVIE FMRI G WGVMY EGIWX PYGVY
HYT YR MRXIVZEP HI HSMWTVI^IGI ERM, #XMY TVIE FMRI G, HI EXYRGM, QYPXI EPXI
IZIRMQIRXI #M QEM KVSE^RMGI HIGX GIP TI GEVI P-EQ TSZIWXMX W-EY TIXVIGYX R
ZME'E QIE; #XMY TVIE FMRI G EQ Z^YX TVFY#MRHY-WI S RE'MYRI, G EQ
RGIVGEX ^EHEVRMG W ETV YR SVE#; #XMY TVIE FMRI G YVQVMX, I\MPEX, LMXYMX GE
S 3EV WPFEXMG, EQ GSFSVX R QSVQRX TI JIQIME GEVI HIZIRMWI MRMQE
MRMQMM QIPI; #XMY TVIE FMRI G HI-EFME WI RGLMWIWI EGIWX QSVQRX #M EQ JSWX
WMPMX W Q RHITVXI^ HI IP, GE HEQRE'MM PYM (ERXI, GEVI QIVK REMRXI, HEV EP
GVSV GET VWYGMX TVMZI#XI RHVX; #XMY TVIE FMRI G RY QEM EQ RMGM YR
EHTSWX; G HMR GETXYP I\XVIQ EP %JVMGMM, TVMZIWG GXVI EGIEWX )YVST GEVI
Q EPYRK GE TI YR FERHMX, TI QMRI, GEVI R-EQ EZYX XSXHIEYRE HIGX YR
KRH, HIGX S HVEKSWXI HIGX S RHINHI: TEXVME. "XMY TVIE FMRI XSEXI EWXIE,
HEV RY-M QEM TY'MR EHIZVEX G EV XVIFYM W-QM EQMRXIWG HI EGIWX RYQI.
(EV, ZEM! RY QM-P QEM EQMRXIWG!
8ERKIV, QEVXMI-ETVMPMI 1859.
+. +.
<<-- .SLR +VMKKW 0YGVY GMYHEX, GIM GEVI HMWTVYWIV IVEY RSXXSVM FYRM,
HIWXSMRMGM; JV RHSMEP G, RGVI^RHY-WI TIWXI QWYV R MWGYWMR'E PSV,
RIKPMNEV W TYR QRE TI VIWXYVMPI TPYXMXSEVI, #M WTIVEWIV W MWG QIR'MR TI
ET JV EGIWX WTVMNMR, R XMQT GI, HMQTSXVMZ, TVMRXVI GIM GEVI M VIKWIEQ
WRXS#M #M XIJIVM R NYVYP QIY, IVEY G'MZE XMRIVM EQIVMGERM TI GEVI M Z^YWIQ
WXMRKLIVM'M TR #M PE XVIGIVIE YRYM FVE' HI VY PEX RYQEM HI ^IGI TMGMSEVI.
1M WI TVIE YR PYGVY HI RIGVI^YX, 'M XSXY#M EGIWXE IVE EHIZVYP.
0YQIE QM TVIE YR TYWXMY.
1-EQ HYW TI TPEN, QM-EQ WTVMNMRMX GETYP R TEPQI, #M GVIH G EQ TPRW.-
R XSMYP EGIWXIM ETEXMM, ENYRWI TR PE QMRI YR ZEMIX. 1M-EQ EQMRXMX
EXYRGM G, HI#M EGI#XM SEQIRM QM IVEY RIGYRSWGY'M, ETVSETI WXVMRM, 3MRH #IJYP
PSV #M R PYTX #M PE REYJVEKMY, XVIFYME W PI 3Y TVMRXI #M R RIRSVSGMVI.
%Q RP'EX GETYP.
'I IWXI, GMRI WI ZEMX# EQ RXVIFEX.
(SY-WEY XVIM KYVM, GPR'RMRH, VWTYRWIV:
1M-I JVMK.
MIY, GEVI TR EXYRGM RY Q KRHMWIQ P EWXE, EQ WMQ'MX G #M QMI QM-
IVE JVMK.
1-EQ VMHMGEX R TMGMSEVI #M Q-EQ WGYXYVEX; G'MZE HMRXVI XSZEV#MM QIM,
HI-EGYQ EQSV'M'M, WI E#I^EWIV NSW WEY WI GYPGEWIV GY KRHYP HI E RY WI QEM
VMHMGE.
--EQ XVEW HI FVE'I.
8VIM WEY TEXVY WI #M E4EY R EGIE IXET E XSVSTIPMM GEVI XI JEGI W TVIJIVM
PRGI^IEPE QSV'MM R PSGYP WYJIVMR'IM HI E XI QEM QM#GE.
--EQ GLIQEX R ENYXSV TI GIM QEM ZMKYVS#M, M-EQ WMPMX TI GIM EQSV'M'M W WI
VMHMGI, TI YRYP P-EQ PYEX HI QR, PI-EQ WTYW GIPSV GI RY-#M TMIVHYWIV RG
TYXIVMPI W JEG PE JIP #M PI-EQ WXVMKEX:
7 EPIVKQ!
R EGIPE#M XMQT, EQ HEX IY RWYQM TMPH.
0E RGITYX EQ WMQ'MX S KVIYXEXI E# ^MGI QEM QYPX GLMEV, S HYVIVI JSEVXI
QEVI, WMPMRHY-RI W RI TYRIQ R QM#GEVI EVXMGYPE'MMPI R'ITIRMXI; HEV, TY'MR
GXI TY'MR, QIQFVIPI RSEWXVI #M VIHSFRHMV IPEWXMGMXEXIE.
%Q JGYX EGIWX I\IVGM'MY XMQT HI ETVSETI S SV, HYT GEVI WRKIPI
RGP^MX #M-E VIPYEX GMVGYPE'ME TVMR ZMRIPI RSEWXVI.
%GIEWX KMQREWXMG WI HIWJ#YVEWI R ETVSTMIVI HI 4YZMYP %WWIVMKYE GI
GYVKI TEVEPIP GY QEVIE #M WI ZEVW R IE PE S HMWXER' HI S NYQXEXI HI QMP
HI PSGYP R GEVI RI E4EQ; EQ TSVRMX-S R WYW, TI 'VQYP HVITX EP 4YZMYPYM #M
GEQ PE TEXVY QMPI HI TYRGXYP RSWXVY HI TPIGEVI, EQ KWMX S JIVQ #M EGSPS
SWTMXEPMXEXIE GI HMRYMI HI-E TYVYVM R TVEKYP YRIM GEWI EQIVMGERI.
'IP HI-EP HSMPIE ZEW EP RSWXVY, GSQERHEX HI +VMKKW #M RYQMX 7IMZEP,
HI#M HI-EFME GIZE QEM QEVI HIGX 6MS-4EVHS, HEV HI S GSRWXVYG'MI HMJIVMX,
TY'Y W PYTXI QTSXVMZE JYVXYRMM, W S RJVYRXI GY GYVEN #M W-#M GSRXMRYI
ZMGXSVMSW HVYQYP.
8VIFYMI W QEM WTYR G +VMKKW IVE YR I\GIPIRX QEVMREV.
7GVMY HI TI S ^M TI EPXE, WMPMX TSEXI W TVWIWG QMRI EHTSWXYP R GEVI
Q SHMLRIWG EWX^M RY #XMY HEG ZSM EZIE XMQT QEM XV^MY W WTYR HIWTVI
EGIWX I\GIPIRX #M ZEPSVSW XRV XSX FMRIPI TI GEVI-P KRHIWG HIWTVI IP; M ZSM
TPXM HIGM, HISEVIGI RYQIPI PYM WI E4 WYF TERE QIE, XVMFYXYP TI GEVI P
HEXSVI^ QIQSVMIM WEPI.
7VQERYP +VMKKW! %FME HEG EQ WTYW YR GYZRX HIWTVI IP #M XSXY#M GRH
SEVI EQ QEM RXPRMX ZVISHEX YR SQ R^IWXVEX GY EWIQIRIE GYVEN #M GY YR
GEVEGXIV EXX HI JIVQIGXSV# 2WGYX HMRXV-S JEQMPMI FSKEX, IP ZIRMWI W-#M
SJIVI EYVYP, KIRMYP #M WRKIPI VITYFPMGMM GEVI WI R#XIE EXYRGM, #M GVIME M-E HEX
XSX GIIE GI-M SJIVMWI. RXV-S ^M WSWM S WGVMWSEVI HI PE TVMR'MM PYM, HMR %QIVMGE HI
2SVH, TVMR GEVI P TSJXIEY W WI HYG W-#M ME R TVMQMVI S QS#XIRMVI GSPSWEP;
RYQEM G IP #M TVMQMWI GIE QEM JVYQSEW QS#XIRMVI LV^MX SQYPYM HI
GSRZMRKIVI #M HI GVIHMR' ZMGXSVME QEVXMVMYPYM QYVMRH TIRXVY YR TSTSV
RIJIVMGMX, HEV KIRIVSW #M ZMXIE^. "M IY GEVI EQ EWMWXEX PE EXXIE QSV'M
KPSVMSEWI, EQ Z^YX XVYTYP WVQERYPYM QIY TVMIXIR XMEX R HSY GE XVYRGLMYP
YRYM WXINEV, HI WIGYVIE XMIXSVYPYM HI PIQRI; TEVXIE HI WYW E XVYTYPYM M
VQWIWI HVIETX, TI TYRXIE ZEWYPYM 'EWWETEVE, GY GLMTYP RIRJVMGEX,
QFYNSVEX RG HI TVNSPYP PYTXIM, RYQEM G QIQFVIPI, ^HVSFMXI #M HIWTVMRWI
HI XVYT ^GIEY QTV#XMEXI R NYVYP PYM; S PSZMXYV HI XYR RGVGEX GY QMXVEPMM P
PSZMWI HI PE HSY^IGM HI TE#M #M EWXJIP QYXMPEX QM WI RJ'M# R ^MYE R GEVI IY,
QTVIYR GY YR EPX XSZEV#, HYT GI-EQ HEX JSG 4SXMPIM HMR SVHMRYP KIRIVEPYPYM
'EREZEVVS, RI-EQ YVGEX TI ZEWY PYM +M'MKKW, GEVI XSGQEM JYWIWI PSZMX R TPMR HI
IWGEHVE MREQMG.
3L, PMFIVXEXI! PMFIVXEXI! GEVI VIKMR HI TI TQRX TSEXI W WI PEYHI G
EVI R YVQE IM EPEMYP IVSMPSV TI GEVI P EM XY R GIV!
<<--- 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE 4EVXIE HMR TVSZMRGME 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, YRHI
REYJVEKMEWIQ, WI VMHMGEWI, HMR JIVMGMVI, QTSXVMZE QTVEXYPYM PE ZIWXIE
ETVSTMIVMM JSV'IPSV VITYFPMGERI; R PSG W KWMQ HY#QERM, EQ E4EX EGSPS EPME'M;
R PSG W 3Q EXEGE'M, EQ JSWX WVFXSVM'M; EQ EZYX, E#EHEV RXV-S GPMT, PE
HMWTS^M'MI, XSEXI QMNPSEGIPI HI XVERWTSVX TI GEVI TYXIEY W RM PI SJIVI FMI'MM
PSGYMXSVM GVSVE PI GIVYWIQ SWTMXEPMXEXI.
'TMXERYP &EPHSRMRS TSVYRGM W QM WI HIE GEPYP PYM #M S TSVRMVQ MQIHMEX
PE HVYQ WTVI E ENYRKI HMR YVQ EZERKEVHE KIRIVEPYPYM 'EREZEVVS, GSQERHEX
HI GSPSRIPYP 8I\IMVE, EZERKEVH GI WI RHVITXE R QEVI KVEF WTVI PEKYRE HMR
7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, R WTIVER'E G S ZE PYE TVMR WYVTVMRHIVI18.
8VIFYMI W QVXYVMWIWG G RY RI-E JSWX TVIE KVIY W TYRIQ QRE TI
SV#IPYP GEVI HSQMRE PEKYRE #M GEVI M-E HEX #M RYQIPI. +EVRM^SERE FXY
VITIHI R VIXVEKIVI #M XVIM QMGM REZI HI V^FSM WI TVIHEV HYT S PYTX WGYVX;
EQ XVIGYX GY REYJVEKME'MM QIM TI FSVHYP KSIPIXIM -XETEVMOE11 EVQEX GY #ETXI
XYRYVM.
R TVMQIPI #ETXI ^MPI EPI EGIWXIM SGYTE'MM, RSVSGYP TVIE G JGYWI YR
TEGX GY VITYFPMGERMM: RIZIRMRHY-PI W GVIEH RXV-S MRZE^MI EXX HI KVEFRMG
HIWTVI GEVI RY EZIEQ HIGX #XMVM ZEKM, MQTIVMEPMM SVHSREWIV GE PEKYRE W 3I
ETVSZM^MSREX GY EVQI, QYRM'MM #M WSPHE'M; HEV EVQIPI, QYRM'MMPI #M WSPHE'MM
WSWMV GRH RSM IVEQ HI-EGYQ WXTRM TI SVE# #M TVMR YVQEVI G^YV R
QMRMPI RSEWXVI JV RMGM S WJSV'EVI, HMR TEVXI-RI; GX HIWTVI PSGYMXSVM, IM RI
TVMQMV GE TI RM#XI JVE'M #M GE TI RM#XI IPMFIVEXSVM, XMXPY TI GEVI RSM R-EQ #XMYX
W-P NYWXM3GQ, R XMQTYP #IHIVMM RSEWXVI R QMNPSGYP EGIWXIM TSTYPE'MM TVMIXIRI.
'EREZEVVS #M WXEFMPM GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP R SVE#YP PEKYRIM, FSXI^EX HI
VITYFPMGERM -YPMER, RXVYGX MRXVEWIV R IP R PYRE MYPMI. )P JKHYM MRWXEYVEVIE
YRYM KYZIVRQRX TVSZMRGMEP, EP GVYM TVMQ-TVI#IHMRXI JY YR TVISX ZIRIVEFMP #M
GEVI WI FYGYVE HI YR QEVI TVIWXMKMY R JE'E RXVIKYPYM TSTSV; 6SWWIXXM, GY XMXPYP
HI WIGVIXEV, E JSWX EHIZVEXYP WY4IX EP EGIWXYM KYZIVRQRX; GI-M HVITX
6SWWIXXM TVIE JGYX TIRXVY XSEXI JYRG'MMPI.
8SXYP QIVKIE HIGM HI QMRYRI: GSPSRIPYP 8I\IMVE, IY FVEZE WE GSPSER HI
EZERKEVH, #M YVQVMWI HY#QERMM TR GI-M WMPMWI W WI RGLMH R GETMXEPE
TVSZMRGMIM #M TYWIWI WXTRMVI TI GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI HMR 'EV; TVIXYXMRHIRM
IVEQ TVMQM'M GY FVE'IPI HIWGLMWI #M YR QEVI RYQV HI HI^IVXSVM MQTIVMEPM
XVIGIEY HI TEVXIE RSEWXV.
4VSMIGXI QEKRM3GI JYWIWIV RXSGQMXI HI KIRIVEPYP 'EREZEVVS, WSPHEX
GMRWXMX GYQ R-E JSWX EPXYP; EWTVY R ETEVIR', HEV R JSRH I\GIPIRX, IP EZIE
SFMGIMYP W WTYR G HMR EGIEWX PEKYR HI PE 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE ZE MI#M LMHVE GI
ZE HIZSVE MQTIVMYP #M TSEXI G ZSVFIPI PYM W-EV 3 EHIZIVMX HEG EV 3 I\MWXEX
QEM QYPX KVMN, QEM QYPX GLMF^YMEP #M TVIZIHIVI R PIKXYV GY EGIEWX
I\TIHM'MI; HEV TYVXEVIE RSEWXV XVYJE# JE' HI PSGYMXSVM #M PMTWE HI QMNPSEGI
JGYV W WI TMEVH VSEHIPI EGIWXIM WXVPYGMXI GEQTERMM.
<<-: 3 JIQIMI 2Y Q KRHMWIQ RMGMSHEX PE GWXSVMI #M Q WSGSXIEQ
GY HIWZV#-MVI MRGETEFMP W HIZMR WS', HEX 3MRH TVIE QEVIE QIE
MRHITIRHIR' HI GEVEGXIV #M ZSGE'ME QIE MVI^MWXMFMP TIRXVY S ZME'
EZIRXYVSEW; W EM S JIQIMI #M GSTMM QM WI TVIE YR PYGVY EFWSPYX MQTSWMFMP
TIRXVY YR SQ GI #M-E GSRWEGVEX ZME'E YRIM GEY^I EP GVIM WYGGIW, SVMG-X HI
HITPMR EV 3, RY TSEXI W-M RKHYMI RMGMSHEX PMRM#XIE RIGIWEV YRYM XEX HI
JEQMPMI. (IWXMRYP LSXVWI RW EPXJIP; HYT QSEVXIE PYM 0YMKM, E PYM )HYEVH #M E
XSZEV#MPSV QIM, Q E4EQ RXV-S GSQTPIX M^SPEVI #M QM WI TVIE G WYRX WMRKYV
TI PYQI.
2Y-QM QEM VQWIWI RMGM QGEV YRYP HMR EGI#XM TVMIXIRM, HI GEVI MRMQE
EZIE RIZSMI GYQ EVI ZME'E RIZSMI HI LVER. 'IM GI WYTVEZMI'YMWIV, EQ QEM
WTYW-S, QM IVEY WXVMRM; JV RHSMEP EZIEY #M IM WY4IXI ZMXI^I #M MRMQM FYRI,;
HEV M GYRS#XIEQ HI TVIE TY'MR XMQT WTVI E 3 TVMIXIR GY ZVIYRYP HMR IM. R
EGIWX KSP MQIRW TI GEVI P JGYWI R NYVYP QIY XIVMFMPE GEXEWXVSJ, WMQ'IEQ
RIZSME YRYM WY4IX GEVI W Q MYFIEWG; JV EGIWX WY4IX, I\MWXIR'E QM
IVEETVSETI GY RITYXMR' HI WYTSVXEX.
P VIKWMWIQ, I HVITX, TI 6SWWIXXM, EHMG YR JVEXI; HEV 6SWWIXXM, SGYTEX
GY SFPMKE'MMPI QMWMYRMM WEPI, RY TYXIE W XVMEWG PRK QMRI; #M EFME HEG-P
ZIHIEQ S HEX TI WTXQR. %ZIEQ HIGM RIZSMI, GYQ EQ QEM WTYW, HI
GMRIZE GEVI W Q MYFIEWG #M GEVI W Q MYFIEWG JV RXV^MIVI. (EV
TVMIXIRME IWXI VSHYP XMQTYPYM; M XVIFYMI ERM GE W WI GSEG, R XMQT GI
HVEKSWXIE IWXI GE JYPKIVYP, YRISVM RWGYX HMR JYVXYR. (EV GI GSRXIE^, IY
WYRX HMRXVI GIM GI TVIJIV JYVXYRMPI, SVMGYQ EV 3 IPI, GEPQYPYM ZMI'MM, EGEPQMIM
MRMQMM.
QM XVIFYME, E#EHEV, S JIQIMI; RYQEM S JIQIMI TYXIE W Q ZMRHIGI, S
JIQIMI, EHMG YRMGYP VIJYKMY, WMRKYVYP RKIV GSRWSPEXSV, WXIEYE JYVXYRMM; S
JIQIMI, EHMG HMZMRMXEXIE TI GEVI R-S MQTPSVM RMGMSHEX R ^EHEV GRH S MQTPSVM
GY MRMQE #M QEM EPIW GRH S MQTPSVM R RIJIVMGMVI.
'Y EGIWX KRH WXVYMXSV, HMR GEFMRE19 QIE HI TI -XETEVMOE QM-EQ
RXSVW TVMZMVIE WTVI YWGEX. 1MGYP QYRXI HI PE &EVVE IVE ETVSETI, #M HI TI
TYRXIE QIE ZIHIEQ QYPXI JIXI XMRIVI, JVYQSEWI, SGYTEXI GY XVIFYVM HI-EPI
GEWIM. 9RE HMRXVI IPI Q EXVKIE RW QYPX QEM QYPX HIGX GIPIPEPXI. 1
LSXVM W HIFEVG #M Q RHVITXEM R KVEF WTVI GEWE EWYTVE GVIME QM
E'MRXIEQ HI EXXE XMQT TVMZMVIE; MRMQE QM FXIE W WI WTEVK, HEV IE #M PYEWI,
SVMSX HI EKMXEX IVE, YRE HMR EGIPI LSXVVM HI RI^HVYRGMREX. 9R FVFEX Q
TSJXM W MRXVY, E# 3 MRXVEX GLMEV #M HI Q-EV 3 STVMX; TI EGIWX FVFEX P QEM
Z^YWIQ S HEX. 3 Z^YM TI XRV JEX #M-M ^MWIM: 'STMP, ZIM 3 E QIE! 4VMR
EGIWXI GYZMRXI GVIEWIQ S PIKXYV TI GEVI RYQEM QSEVXIE TYXIE W-S QEM
VYT. (HYWIQ TIWXI S GSQSEV ETVEX, HEV S GSQSEV EXX HI RITVI'YMX!.
(EG EQ WZV#MX, TVMR EWXE, S KVI#IEP, KVI#IEPE E JSWX R RXVIKMQI E QIE. %
JSWX S KVI#IEP HEG HSY MRMQM, YRMRHY-WI, WJ#MEV MRMQE YRYM RIZMRSZEX#
(EV IE E QYVMX #M IP IWXI V^FYREX1. 9RHI EQ GYRSWGYX QVI'ME KVI#IPMM#
%GSPS, PE KYVMPI 4YZMYPYM )VMHER, R ^MYE GRH RHNHYMRH W-S WQYPK QSV'MM, M
ETWEQ TVMR GSRXVEGXVM ZMSPIRXI TYPWYP WTVI E-M RYQVE YPXMQIPI FXM, M
WSVFIEQ VIWTMVE'ME XSX QEM VEV, M GYPIKIEQ, IY FY^IPI QIPI, VWY4EVIE IM
KJMXSEVI, WVYXEQ, ZEM! RM#XI FY^I QYVMFYRHI, ZEM! IM ZVWQ PEGVMQM HI
HI^RHINHI20.
<<: 'YVWE +IRIVEPYP LSXVWI GE IY W MIW GY XVIM ZEWI EVQEXI WTVI E
EXEGE YRMX'MPI MQTIVMEPI, REZMKRH TI PRK XVQYP &VE^MPMIM. 1 TVIKXMM
TIRXVY EGIEWX KVIE QMWMYRI, WXVRKRH XSX GI-QM IVE RIGIWEV REVQVMM. 'IPI
XVIM ZEWI EPI 'QIPI IVEY 6MS-4EVHS,. 'SQERHEX HI QMRI , 'EWWETEVE,
GSQERHEX HI +VMKKWEQMRHSY KSIPII #M 7IMZEP GSQERHEX HI MXEPMERYP
0I-RIRE (V). +YVE PEKYRIM IVE FPSGEX HI FEWXMQIRXIPI OSTIVMEMI HI VIWFSM;
HEV RSM MI#MVQ RSETXIE, JV W 3Q WXR NIRE'M. %RMXE, HI EGYQ REMRXI
XSZEV#E RXVIKMM QIPI ZMI'M #M, TVMR YVQEVI, E XYXYVSV TVMQINHMMPSV QIPI, 'MRYWI
QSV'M# W WI QFEVGI QTVIYR GY QMRI.
%NYR#M R HVITXYP PYM 7ERXSW, RXPRMVQ S GSVZIX MQTIVMEP GI RI YVQVM
HIKIEFE XMQT HI HSY ^MPI. R GIE HI-E HSYE ^M, RI ETVSTMEVQ HI MRWYPE HI
%FVMKS HI YRHI -Y EVQ HSY WYQEGI RGVGEXI GY SVI^. 2I GSRXMRYEVQ
GVSE^MIVE #M QEM PYEVQ GXIZE TV^M. (YT STX ^MPI HI PE TPIGEVIE RSEWXV, QM
RHVITXEM REZE WTVI PEKYR.
2Y #XMY HI GI, HEV EZIEQ S RIEKV TVIWMQ'MVI TVMZMXSV PE GIIE GI WI
TIXVIGIE EGSPS, HEX 3MRH G #M QEM REMRXI HI TPIGEVIE RSEWXV WI QERMJIWXE S
SEVIGEVI RIQYP'YQMVI QTSXVMZE RSEWXV. R TPYW IVEQ TVIZIRMX HI ETVSTMIVIE
YRYM GSRWMHIVEFMP GSVT HI XVYTI GSQERHEX HI KIRIVEPYP %RHVIE, GVYME
TEGM3GEVIE VIKMYRMM HIP 4EVE M EHYWIWI S QEVI VITYXE'MI.
4I GRH RI RXSVGIEQ, RXPRMVQ R HVITXYP MRWYPIM 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE YR
ZEW HI V^FSM TIRXVY TE^E GSEWXIM FVE^MPMIRI. 2SM IVEQ GY 6MS-4EVHSY #M GY
7IMZEPE ('EWWETEVEXX WI HIWTV'MWI HI RSM HI QEM QYPXI ^MPI, TI S RSETXI
RXYRIGEX). P HIWGSTIVMVQ PE TVSVE RSEWXV #M RY I\MWXE RMGM YR QMNPSG W-P
TYXIQ IZMXE. 2I RHVITXEVQ HIGM EWYTVE PYM #M-P EXEGEVQ GY LSXVVI. %Q
HIWGLMW JSGYM, HY#QERYP RI-E VWTYRW PE JIP; HEV YVQVMPI PYTXIM EY JSWX
RIRWIQREXI HMR TVMGMRE QVMM JYVMSEWI. 6I^YPXEXYP FXPMIM JY TMIVHIVIE
IXSVZE HMR TV^MPI RSEWXVI HI V^FSM, GSQERHER'MM PSV, -VMWTMQRXE'M HI
WYTIVMSVMXEXIE HY#QERYPYM, TMIVM RH Y-RI WXIEK Y VMPI.
%P'MM S PYEV WTVI GSEWXE ETVSTMEX.
9RE WMRKYV HMR TV^M JY WEPZEX; IVE GSQERHEX HI -KRE^MS &MPFES
FVEZYP RSWXVY FMWGEMER, GEVI EGSWX GY IE R TSVXYP -QFMXYFE, TI EXYRGM R
TYXIVIE RSEWXV. 7IMZE, EP GVYM XYR JYWIWI HIQSRXEX #M PYE ET, EZY
EGIIE#M WSEVX: Q-EQ Z^YX HIGM WMPMX W JEG #M IY GE IM, 3MRH TVIE WPEF GE W
REZMKLI^ WMRKYV R PEVK.
-RXVEVQ R -QFMXYFE, QTMR#M HI ZRXYP HI RSVHIWX; TI YR EWIQIRIE
ZRX RI IVE GY RITYXMR' W TXVYRHIQ MEV#M R PEKYR #M HIWMKYV G
FEWXMQIRXIPI MQTIVMEPI WXE'MSREXI PE 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, MRJSVQEXI HI
%RHY\MROE, YR FEWXMQIRX HI V^FSM GY GEVI EZYWIWIQ HI-E JEGI, EZIEY W
ZMR W RI EXEGI; E XVIFYMX E#EHEV W RI TVIKXMQ HI PYTX. 8YRYP HIQSRXEX HI
TI 7IMZEP JY RP'EX TI YR TVSQSRXSVMY GI EPGXYME QMGYP KSPJ HMRWTVI VWVMX,
#M TI EGIWX TVSQSRXSVMY GSRWXVYMVQ S FEXIVMI ETVEX GY KEFMSERI.
RXV-EHIZV, HI-EFME WI PYQMR HI ^MY, GRH ^VMVQ XVIM FEWXMQIRXI
RHVITXRHY-WI WTVI RSM. 6MS-4EVGMS JY ERGSVEX R JYRHYP KSPJYPYM #M RGITY S
PYTX JSEVXI MRIKEP, MQTIVMEPMM 3MRH MRGSQTEVEFMP QEM TYXIVRMGM HIGX RSM.
:SMWIQ W-S HYG TI %RMXE TI YWGEX, HEV IE VIJY^EWI #M GYQ, R EHRGYP
MRMQMM QIPI M EHQMVEQ GYVENYP #M IVEQ QRHVY HI IP, S HEX TVMQIPI VYKQMR'M
VIWTMRWI, R-EQ JGYX RMQMG R EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI GE HI EPXJIP #M R GIPIPEPXI GE
W-M RKIRYRGLI^ ZSMR'E.
(Y#QERYP, JEZSVM^EX R QERIZVE WE HI ZYMXYP GI WI RXI'IE, WI QIR'MRIE
PE ZIP, GY REMRXVM WGYVXI #M XVKRH JYVMSW GY XYRYP. R JIPYP EGIWXE TYXIE W
HIWGLMH, HYT GYQ ZVSME, XSEXI YRKLMYVMPI HI HMZIVWMYRI TIRXVY JSGYP PYM #M
W-P RHVITXI R RXVIKMQI EWYTVE KSIPIXIM RSEWXVI. 'Y XSEXI EWXIE, PYTXEQ PE
VRHYP RSWXVY GY GIE QEM RHVNMX LSXVVI #M, GYQ EXEGEQ EXX HI ETVSETI
RGX RI TYXIEQ WPYNM HI GEVEFMRI, JSGYP IVE #M HMRXV-S TEVXI #M HMR GIEPEPX,
HMRXVI GIPI QEM YGMKXSEVI; R VETSVX GY RYQVYP RSWXVY VIHYW, EZIEQ TMIVHIVM
QEM QEVM HIGX MQTIVMEPMM #M TYRXIE RM WI EGSTIVMWI HI GEHEZVI #M HI QYXMPE'M;
HEV, HI#M GSEWXE FEWXMQIRXYPYM RI IVE GMYVYMX HI KLMYPIPI, HI#M GEXEVKIPI
WYJIVMWIV QEVM EZEVMM, IVEQ LSXV'M W RY GIHQ #M W QYVMQ TR PE YPXMQYP
QEM HIKVEF HIGX W RI TVIHQ. )WXI EHIZM'EX G IVEQ WXMQYPE'M R EGIEWX
KIRIVSEW LSXVVI, #M HI EQE^SERE FVE^MPMER TI GEVI S EZIEQ TI FSVH. 2Y
RYQEM G %RMXE, GYQ EQ WTYW, RY ZSME W HIFEVGI, GM QEM QYPX, GY GEVEFMRE R
QR, PYE TEVXI PE PYTX; IVEQ, XVIFYMI W-S QVXYVMWIWG, WYW'MRY'M ZMXINI#XI HI
FVEZYP 1ERSIP 6SHVMKYI^, GSQERHERXYP FEXIVMIM RSEWXVI HI TI' YWGEX #M EXX
GX HYV WGYVXE PYTX, JSGYVMPI PYM JYV GSRHYWI GY MWGYWMR' #M GY JSV'.
(Y#QERYP IVE JSEVXI RHVNMX, RHISWIFM QTSXVMZE KSIPIXIM. (I QEM
QYPXI SVM, R XMQTYP PYTXIM, IP WI ETVSTMI EXX HI QYPX, RGX EQ GVI^YX G ZVIE
W RI EFSVHI^I. %V 3 JSWX FMRI ZIRMX, GGM IVEQ TVIKXM'M TIRXVY SVMGI.
R WJV#MX, HYT GMRGM SVI HI PYTX RZIV#YREX, HY#QERYP, WTVI QEVIE
RSEWXV WYVTVMRHIVI, RGITY W WI VIXVEK, GYQ EQ E4EX QEM XV^MY, HMR
TVMGMRE QSV'MM GSQERHERXYPYM, YGMW TI PSG, HI TI ZEWYP *VYQSEWE EQIVMGER,
QSEVXI GI TYWIWI GETEX, PYTXIM.
R XMQTYP EGIWXIM PYTXI, EQ RGIVGEX YRE HMR GIPI QEM TYXIVRMGI #M QEM
HYVIVSEWI IQS'MM HMR ZME'E QIE. R ZVIQI GI %RMXE, TI TYRXIE KSIPIXIM M
RGYVENE TI SEQIRMM RS#XVM GY WEFME R QR, S KLMYPIE HI XYR S VWXYVR
QTVIYR GY HSM HMRXVI IM. 1-EQ VITI^MX WTVI IE GVI^RH G RY ZSM QEM KWM
HIGX YR GEHEZVY; HEV %RMXE WI VMHMG WRXSEW #M XIEJV; GIM HSM SEQIRM
RW JYWIWIV YGM#M. %Q MQTPSVEX-S W GSFSEVI TI MRXIVTYRXI.
(E, S W GSFSV RXV-EHIZV YRHI WTYM, ^MWI IE, HEV GE W-M WMPIWG TI
JVMGS#MM GEVI W-EY EWGYRW EGSPS W MEW EJEV.
RXV-EHIZV IE GSFSV TI MRXIVTYRXI #M MI#M VITIHI, QTMRKRHY-M REMRXI
TI HSM-XVIM QEXIPS'M GYQTPMX HI VY#MRE'M G WI EVXEWIV QEM TY'MR GYVENS#M
HIGX S JIQIMI.
6IWXYP ^MPIM P-EQ JSPSWMX GE W RKVSTQ QSV'MM #M W VITEVQ WXVMGGMYRMPI
TVMGMRYMXI KSIPIXIM RSEWXVI HI JSGYP HY#QER, WXVMGGMYRM GEVI IVEY QEVM. %
HSYE ^M, MQTIVMEPMM RIQEMEVXRHY-WI #M TVIKXMRHY-WI JV RHSMEP HI ZVIYR
RSY EXEG QTSXVMZE RSEWXV, EQ QFEVGEX XYRYP, EQ VMHMGEX ERGSVE PE GHIVIE
RST'MM #M RI-EQ RHVITXEX HMR RSY WTVI PEKYR.
'RH HY#QERYP FK HI WIEQ G EQ TPIGEX, RSM IVEQ HITEVXI; TSVRM
XSXY#M R YVQVMVIE RSEWXV, HEV HI-EFME E HSYE ^M TYXY W XVEK HYT RSM
GXIZE PSZMXYVM HI XYR, RW JV RMGM YR VI^YPXEX; EWXJIP G VIMRXVEVQ, JV
EGGMHIRX, R PEKYR, YRHI JYVQ WVFXSVM'M HI-EM RS#XVM GEVI WI QMRYREY GYQ
TYXYWIQ WGTE HI YR HY#QER WYTIVMSV RSY GE RYQV.
<- 1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM 0EGYP HMR -QIVYM %PXI IZIRMQIRXI RI
E#XITXEY R PEKYR.
(ISEVIGI HY#QERMM GSRXMRYEY W REMRXI^I QTSXVMZE RSEWXV TI YWGEX
RXV-YR RYQV WYTIVMSV RSY, EWXJIP RGX RY I\MWXE RMGM S #ERW HI E PI VI^MWXE;
GYQ, TI HI EPX TEVXI, RIKLMSFMMPI #M FVYXEPMX'MPI RSEWXVI RM-M RWXVMREWIV TI
PSGYMXSVMM TVSZMRGMIM 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, IM 3MRH KEXE W WI VIZSPXI #M W WI EPXYVI
MQTIVMEPMPSV; GYQ TSTYPE'ME SVE#YPYM -QIVYM, WMXYEX PE I\XVIQMXEXIE PEGYPYM,
GLMEV WI #M VIZSPXEWI, IY EQ TVMQMX SVHMR HMR TEVXIE KIRIVEPYPYM 'EREZEVVS W
TIHITWIWG EGIEWX 'EV RIJIVMGMX, XVIGRH-S TVMR JSG #M WEFMI; EQ XSWX RIZSMX
HIGM W-M EWGYPX TSVYRGE.
0SGYMXSVMM #M KEVRM^SERE JGYWIV TVIKXMVM HI ETVEVI HMRWTVI QEVI; EQ
HIFEVGEX HIGM PE XVIM QMPI HMWXER' #M RXV-YR QSQIRX GRH RY WI E#XITXEY HI
PSG, M-EQ EWIHMEX HMRWTVI QYRXI; PYEX TVMR WYVTVMRHIVI #M RZMRW, KEVRM^SERE
JY TYW TI JYK #M RSM RI-EQ XVI^MX WXTRM TI -QIVYM.
(SVIWG TIRXVY QMRI GE #M TIRXVY SVMGI EPX JTXYV GEVI R-E RGIXEX HI E
QEM 3 SQ, W RY TVMQIEWG RMGMSHEX YR SVHMR EWIQRXSV GIPYM TI GEVI P
TVMQMWIQ IY #M GEVI WYRE EXX HI LSXVX, RGX RY EZIEQ RMGM S TSWMFMPMXEXI
HI E RY-P RHITPMRM. (I#M I\MWX PYRKM #M TVSPM\I VIPEXVM HIWTVI EWXJIP HI JETXI,
GVIH G RMGM GIE QEM XIVMFMP VIPEXEVI RY WI TSEXI ETVSTME HI VIEPMXEXI.
(YQRI^IY W Q EMF R QMPE PYM #M W Q MIVXI, HEV RMGMSHEX R ZME'E QIE R-
EQ XVMX S ^M GEVI W-QM PEWI R WY4IX S EQMRXMVI EXX HI EQEV: RMQIRM RY-#M
TSEXI JEGI S MHII, HEG WI H JVY PMFIV NEJYPYM, HIWTVI WXVHERME TI GEVI EQ
HITYW-S GE W QTMIHMG ZMSPIR'E QTSXVMZE TIVWSERIPSV #M W PMQMXI^
HMWXVYKIVIE RYQEM PE PYGVYVMPI RIRWY4I'MXI; GY XSEXI EWXIE, EQ M^FYXMX, GVIH,
TIWXI E#XITXVMPI QIPI; GX TVMZI#XI FYRYVMPI, QM-E JSWX GY RITYXMR' W IZMX
HI^SVHMRIE. 2MQMG R-E JSPSWMX, RMGM EYXSVMXEXIE GSQERHERXYPYM, RMGM TIHITWIPI,
RMGM GLMEV PSZMXYVMPI. %Q ENYRW TR PE EQIRMR'EVIE GY RXSEVGIVIE
HY#QERYPYM. %Q VWTRHMX ^ZSRYP G, RXVYGX TVMQMWI RXVMVM, MREQMGYP ZIRIE
HMR RSY QTSXVMZE RSEWXV, HEV XSXYP E JSWX ^EHEVRMG #J HEG HY#QERYP EV 3
VIZIRMX RXV-EHIZV, GYQ RI-EV 3 KWMX R HI^SVHMRI, RI-EV 3 QGIPVMX R XSEX
PIKIE. (MR RIRSVSGMVI, SVE#YP, HI#M QMG, EZIE S QYP'MQI HI QEKE^MRI, XMGWMXI
GY ZMRYVM #M PMGLMSVYVM, EWXJIP RGX, R EJEV HI QMRI, GEVI RY FIEY RMGMSHEX
HIGX ET, #M HI G'MZE S3'IVM TI GEVI EQ. -^FYXMX W-M 'MR R JVY, FI'ME JY
ETVSETI KIRIVEP. %HYKE'M PE EWXE JETXYP G TI GIM QEM QYP'M HMRXVI SEQIRM
HI-EFME M GYRS#XIEQ, 3MRH RSM VIGVY'M, TVMR YVQEVI MRHMWGMTPMRE'M. (SEV
GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM JSEVXI LSXV'M, HEG EV 3 ZIRMX W RI EXEGI TVMR
WYVTVMRHIVI, GY WMKYVER' G RI-EV 3 HEX KEXE. R WJV#MX, HYT EQIRMR'VM
TIWXI EQIRMR'VM #M QYPX WXVHERMI, EQ M^FYXMX W QFEVG MEV#M 3EVIPI
WPFEXMGI HI^PR'YMXI.
(YT GI JYV RGVGEXI, TI TYRXIE REZIM, EPMQIRXI #M GXIZE IJIGXI
WEPZEXI HI PE NEJ #M HIWXMREXI HMZM^MIM, RI-EQ RXSVW R PEKYR.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, EZERKEVHE GSQERHEX HI GSPSRIPYP 8I\IMVE, WI VIXVKIE
HMREMRXIE HY#QERYPYM, GEVI REMRXE VITIHI, R RYQV QEVI.
'RH RI-EQ RETSMEX R PEKYR, XSGQEM WI JGIEY TVIKXMVM TIRXVY
XVERWTSVXEVIE FEKENIPSV TI 'VQYP HVITX #M R GYVRH XVYTIPI XVIFYMV W
XVIEG #M IPI R YVQE FEKENIPSV.
<<:-- 2SM PYTXI %Q EZYX QYPX HI PYGVY R ^MYE GRH HMZM^ME E XVIGYX TI
'VQYP QIVMHMSREP, GGM HEG EVQEXE IVE TY'MR RYQIVSEW, FEKENIPI #M
RGYVGXYVMPI HI XSX JIPYP RY WI QEM WJV#IEY. 0E GIP QEM RKYWX TYRGX EP KYVMM,
GYVIRXYP IVE HI S ZMSPIR' RHSMX. %Q QYRGMX E#EHEV HI PE VWVMXYP WSEVIPYM
TR PE EQME^, GE W TYXIQ XVIGI HMZM^ME, JSPSWMRHY-RI HI XSEXI FVGMPI GI W-
EY TYXYX KWM.
7TVI EQME^ RGITY W-#M JEG ETEVM'ME 4SXMPE MREQMGYPYM, EPGXYMX HMR
HSY^IGM #M HSY HI ZEWI; IE #M GSQFMR STIVE'MMPI GY XVYTIPI HI TI YWGEX #M
RWI#M ZEWIPI XVERWTSVXEY, R EJEV HI IGLMTENI, YR QEVI RYQV HI WSPHE'M. 1-
EQ YVGEX TI QYRXIPI GIP QEM ETVSTMEX WTVI E SFWIVZE HY#QERYP #M EQ
VIGYRSWGYX RXV-S GPMT G TPERYP PYM IVE HI E-#M VIYRM JSV'IPI PE MRXVEVIE
PEKYRIM; M-EQ HEX MQIHMEX HI #XMVI KIRIVEPYPYM 'EREZEVVS #M IP E HEX RHEX
SVHMRI R GSRWIGMR' HEV, GY XSEXI SVHMRIPI, SEQIRMM RS#XVM R-EY ENYRW PE XMQT
WTVI E ETVE MRXVEVIE PEKYRIM. 3 FEXIVMI MRWXEPEX HI RSM PE I\XVIQMXEXIE
HMKYPYM GSQERHEX HI FVEZYP 'ETSXXS RY STYWI HIGX S WPEF VI^MWXIR',
HISEVIGI RY EZIE HIGX XYRYVM HI GEPMFVY QMG, TVSWX WIVZMXI HI EPXJIP HI GXVI
EVXMPIVM#XM RIRHIQREXMGM. 1EM VQRIEY GIPI XVIM QMGM ZEWI VITYFPMGERI EPI
RSEWXVI, RYQEM GY NYQXEXI HMR IGLMTEN, VIWXYP SEQIRMPSV 3MRH XVMQM#M TI
YWGEX, GE W ENYXI PE XVIGIVIE XVYTIPSV. 9RMM, 3MRHY-PI GY RITYXMR', EP'MM, TIRXVY
G 'MRIEY QYPX W WXIE HITEVXI HI PYTXE XIVMFMP GI WI TVIKXIE, GY XSEXI
SVHMRIPI TI GEVI PI-EQ XVMQMW, RY RI-EY ZIRMX R ENYXSV, PWRH TI YQIVMM RS#XVM
XSEX KVIYXEXIE PYTXIM.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, HY#QERYP ZIRIE EWYTVE RSEWXV GY XSEXI TR^IPI,
QTMRW HI ZRX #M HI QEVII. 1-EQ KVFMX HIGM, R GI Q TVMZIE, W Q HYG PE
TSWXYP QIY, TI FSVHYP PYM 6MS-4EVHS'- HI YRHI GYVENSEWE QIE %RMXE #M
RGITYWI GERSREHE, 'MRXMRH #M XVKRH IE RW#M GY XYRYP TI GEVI #M'PYEWI
SFPMKE'ME W-P GSQERHI #M RWY4I'MRHY-M GY KPEWYP IM TI SEQIRMM RS#XVM
MRXMQMHE'M RXVYGXZE.
0YTXE E JSWX XIVMFMP #M QEM YGMKXSEVI HIGX W-EV 3 TYXYX GVIHI. 2SM R-
EQ TMIVHYX QYP'M SEQIRM, GGM QEM FMRI HI NYQXEXI HMR IGLMTEN WI E4E TI
YWGEX, HEV HMR GIM #EWI S3'IVM VITEVXM^E'M TI GIPI XVIM ZEWI, HSEV IY WMRKYV EQ
WYTVEZMI'YMX. 8SEXI XYRYVMPI RSEWXVI IVEY HMWXVYWI. 8SXY#M PYTXE GSRXMRYE GY
'GEVEFMRE #M R-EQ RGIXEX W XVEKIQ EXXE ZVIQI GX' HY#QERYP XVIGY
HMREMRXIE RSEWXV. R XSX EGIWX XMQT, %RMXE E VQEW PRK QMRI, R PSGYP GIP
QEM TVMQINHMSW, RIZVRH RMGM W HIFEVGI, RMGM W WI JSPSWIEWG HI ZVIYR
EHTSWX, HMWTVI'YMRH TR #M W WI ETPIGI, E#E GYQ JEGI GIP QEM FVEZ SQ GRH
ZIHI 3XMPYP ETVSTMMRHY-WI HI XYRYP MREQMG.
R WJV#MX GVI^YM G EQ KWMX YR QMNPSG W S 'MR HITEVXI HI TVMQINHMI.
--EQ SVHSREX, 3MRH RIZSMI HI YR SVHM EP QIY TIRXVY GE IE W EWGYPXI #M,
QEM EPIW, HI TVSFEFMPMXEXIE G HEG E# XVMQMXI YR EPX SQ EV KWM ZVIYR TVIXI\X
W RY WI QEM RXSEVG, M-EQ SVHSREX HIGM W WI HYG W, GIEV RXVMVM
KIRIVEPYPYM, JKHYMRHY-M EGIWXYME G, HEG QM ZE XVMQMXI EGIWXI RXVMVM, ZSM
VIMRXVE R PEKYR R YVQVMVIE MQTIVMEPMPSV #M RXV-EXX PI ZSM HE HI JYVG, RGX
IM RY W-EV QEM KRHM W HIFEVGI GLMEV HI-EV XVIFYM GE IY, GY XSV'E R QR, W
PI MRGIRHMI^ 4SXE. %Q SF'MRYX HI PE %RMXE TVSQMWMYRIE G ZE VVRRITI YWGEX
#M G-QM ZE XVMQMXI VWTYRWYP TVMRXV-YR SQ WMKYV; HEV WTVI QEVIPI QIY VIKVIX,
ZIRM IE RW#M: KIRIVEPYP R-EZIE SEQIRM W-QM XVMQMX; QM SVHSRE RY W
MRGIRHMI^ 4SXE HY#QER, GIIE GI IP WSGSXIEHVITX S WJSV'EVI HMWTIVEX #M
MRYXMP, GM W Q VIRXSVG, WEPZRH EVQIPI HI QR #M QYRM'MMPI.
%Q EWGYPXEX. %XYRGM, WYF YR JSG GI RY WI HSQSPM S GPMT, EQ M^FYXMX W
XVERWTSVXQ TI YWGEX GY WYTVEZMI'YMXSVMM, EVQIPI #M QYRM'MMPI, STIVE'MI TI
GEVI, R PMTWE YRYM S3'IV, S GSRHYGIE %RMXE, R XMQT GI IY, XVIGRH HI TI YR
ZEW TI EPXYP, TYRIEQ R PSGYP GIP QEM MR4EQEFMP HI TI FSVHYP 3IGVYME HMR IPI
JSGYP GI XVIFYME W PI QMWXYMI.
% JSWX S QMWMYRI XIVMFMP, RXVYGX EQ JSWX WMPMX W XVIG HI MVIM SVM R
VIZMWX QSV'MM #M VRM'MM. )VE YR EHIZVEX EFEXSV HI GEVRI SQIRIEWG. %Q
GPGEX, TI XVYRGLMYVM HIWTV'MXI HI GETIXI; PE 3IGEVI TEW, QTMRKIEQ GY
TMGMSVYP QHYPEVI VMWMTMXI. 'SQERHERXYP HI TI -XETEVMOE, .YER )RVMUYI^ HI PE
6EKYRE, ^GIE PYRKMX R QMNPSGYP E HSM-XVIM SEQIRM HMR IGLMTENYP WY, GY S
KLMYPIE GI-M JGYWI R QMNPSGYP TMITXYPYM, S KEYV TVMR GEVI-'M TYXIEM XVIGI
FVE'YP. &MIXYP .SLR +VMKKW, GYQ EQ WTYW-S R EPX TEVXI, JYWIWI XMEX HVITX R
HSY HI. 8MVYP TVMQMX ETVSETI R JE' EP YRIM RGVGXYVM GY QMXVEPMM. 0E ZIHIVIE
YRIM EXEVI TVMZIPM#XM Q TMTMEQ #M Q RXVIFEQ RIGVY'RHY-Q HI PSG QEM
QYPX HIGX. 'IMPEP'M, GYQ HI TYXYWIQ W WGET XIEJV.
RXV-S GPMT, YR RSV HI JYQ RI EGSTIVM ZEWYP #M FVEZMM RS#XVM QSV'M EZYV
GIP TY'MR 3MRH EV#M TI TYRXIE ZEWYPYM PSV, YR VYK HIQR HI IM. R ZVIQI GI-QM
WZV#IEQ STIVE HI HMWXVYKIVI, %RMXE #M WZV#IE STIVE HI WEPZEVI. (EV R GI
JIP, (SEQRI, (YQRI^IYPI! RXV-YR JIP GEVI Q JEGI W Q GYXVIQYV. 4IRXVY
XVERWTSVXYP EVQIPSV TI 'VQ #M TIRXVY RXSEVGIVIE IM TI ZEW, E JGYX TIWXI
HSY^IGM HI HVYQYVM, XVIGRH RIRGIXEX TI WYF JSGYP MREQMGYPYM. 7I E4E RXV-S
FVGY' GY HSM ZWPE#M #M FMI'MM HI IM WI RHSMEY GX TYXIEY QEM QYPX WTVI E
IZMXE KPSER'IPI #M KLMYPIPIPI.
(EV IE, R TMGMSEVI PE TYT, R QMNPSGYP JSGYPYM HI QMXVEPMM, WXXIE
HVIETX, GEPQ #M QRHV GE S WXEXYMI E ^IM'IM 4EPEW, #M (YQRI^IY, GEVI-#M
RXMRHIE S QR EWYTVE QIE, S EGSTIVIE #M TI IE GY YQFVE EGIPIME#M QMRM.
%TVSETI HI GHIVIE RST'MM, HYT GI M-EQ EHYREX TI WYTVEZMI'YMXSVM Q-
EQ RXPRMX GY YPXMQIPI VRHYVM EPI HMZM^MIM RSEWXVI, R VIXVEKIVI WTVI
6MS+VERHI, #M EQ ETYGEX TI EGIPE#M HVYQ TI GEVI P YVQEWIQ GY GXIZE PYRM
QEM REMRXI, GY MRMQE TPMR HI WTIVER' #M TVIGIHE'M HI ZMGXSVMI.
<<:--- 'PEVI R RSMERYP TIVMTI'MMPSV EZIRXYVSEWIM QIPI I\MWXIR'I, EQ
EZYX RXSXHIEYRE GIEWYVM FYRI, QSQIRXI RSVSGSEWI #M HI#M GPMTE R GEVI Q
E4EQ RY TVIE PE TVMQE ZIHIVI G JEGI TEVXI HMR GIPI GI QM-EY PWEX S
EQMRXMVI TPGYX, S VIZIRHMG XSXY#M, HEG RY GE TPMR HI JIVMGMVI, GIP TY'MR GE
TPMR HI IQS'MM.
R JVYRXIE IXSVZE SEQIRM VQE#M HMR EX'ME PYTXXSVM GI QIVMXEWIV, TI
FYR HVITXEXI, RYQIPI HI FVEZM, QIVKIEQ GPEVI, QRHVY HI GIM ZMM, QRHVY
HI GIM QSV'M, ETVSETI QRHVY GLMEV HI QMRI RWYQM. %PXYVM HI QMRI GPVIE
VIKMRE MRMQMM QIPI, JIQIME HIQR HI XSEX EHQMVE'ME. 1 EZRXEQ RXV-S
GEVMIV #M QEM EXVKXSEVI HIGX GIE E QEVMRIM: GI-QM TWE G RY EZIEQ, GE
3PSWSJYP KVIG, HIGX GIIE GI HYGIEQ GY QMRI# ' WPYNMWIQ S VITYFPMG WVEG
GI RY TPXIE RMQRYM #M GEVI GLMEV HI-EV 3 JSWX FSKEX XSX R-E# 3 ZVYX W 3Y
TPXMX HI IE# 2-EZIEQ SEVI S WEFMI FXRHY-QM #SPHYP, S GEVEFMR TYW HI-E
GYVQI^M#YP EVQXYVMM #IMM# 2-S EZIEQ SEVI PRK QMRI TI %RMXE, GSQSEVE
QIE, MRMQ PE JIP HI R4GVEX GE #M E QIE TIRXVY GEY^E TSTSEVIPSV# 2Y
TVMZIE IE PYTXIPI HVITX YR HMZIVXMWQIRX, S WMQTP HMWXVEG'MI E ZMI'MM HI XEFV#
:MMXSVYP QM WYVHIE WIRMR #M RSVSGSW; #M GY GX WMRKYVX'MPI EQIVMGERI WI
RJ'M#EY QEM WPFEXMGI GY EXX QM ETVIEY QEM JVYQSEWI #M QEM
EHIQIRMXSEVI.
2I-EQ GSRXMRYEX, E#EHEV, HVYQYP VIXVKRHY-RI TR PE 0EW 8SVVIW,
KVERM' E HSY TVSZMRGMM, YRHI RI-EQ E#I^EX XEFVE. (Y#QERYP WI QYP'YQMWI
W ME R WXTRMVI HMR RSY PEKYRE, #M RGIXEWI W RI QEM YVQVIEWG. 9RMRHY-
WI GY HMZM^ME %GYRLE GI ZIRIE HMR TVSZMRGME 7S 4EYPS, WI RHVITX WTVI 'MQE
HE 7IVVE, 'MRYX QYRXSW GI ETEV'MRI TVSZMRGMIM 6MS-+VERHI.
4VMIXIRMM RS#XVM HI PE QYRXI, EXEGE'M HI JSV'I WYTIVMSEVI, GIVYV ENYXSV
KIRIVEPYPYM 'EREZEVVS, #M IP LSXV W PI ZMR R ENYXSV GY S I\TIHM'MI WYF
SVHMRIPI GSPSRIPYPYM 8I\IMVE. 2SM EQ JGYX TEVXI HMR EGIEWX I\TIHM'MI. 4VMQM'M
HI GXVI WIVVERMIRM GSQERHE'M HI GSPSRIPYP %VERLE, EQ ^HVSFMX GY XSXYP HMZM^ME
HY#QER PE 7ERXE :MXXSVME. %GYRLE WI RIG R 4YZMYP 4IPEVEW #M GIE QEM QEVI
TEVXI HMR WSPHE'MM WM G^YV TVM^SRMIVM.
%GIEWX ZMGXSVMI VIEHYWI WYF GSQERHEQIRXYP VITYFPMGMM GIPI HSY
'MRYXYVM, :EGGEVME #M 0EKIW, MEV RSM MRXVEVQ XVMYQJXSVM R GETMXEPE EGIWXYME HMR
YVQ.
:IWXIE MRZE^MIM MQTIVMEPI VMHMGEWI TEVXMHYP FVE^MPMER #M 1IPPS, YR #IJ
HY#QER, #M WTSVMWI R EGIEWX TVSZMRGMI EVQEXE GY ZVIS GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM
HMR GEZEPIVMI. +IRIVEPYP &IRXS-1ERSIP, RWVGMREX W PYTXI QTSXVMZE PYM RY E
TYXYX W-S JEG HMR TVMGMRE VIXVEKIVMM WEPI E#E G WI QYP'YQMWI W-P XVMQMX TI
GSPSRIPYP 4SVXMROS R YVQVMVIE PYM 1IPPS GEVI WI RHVITXE WTVI 7S 4EYPS.
4S^M'ME #M JSV'IPI RSEWXVI RI RKHYMEY GY TVMWSWMR' RY RYQEM W RI
STYRIQ XVIGIVMM PYM 1IPPS, FE GLMEV W-P #M ^HVSFMQ. 7SEVXE RW R-E ZVYX-S;
GSPSRIPYP 8I\IMVE, RI3MRH WMKYV HEG HY#QERYP ZIRIE TVMR :EGGEVME WEY TVMR
'SVMXMFERM, #M QTV'M EVQEXE R HSY GSVTYVM, XVMQM'RHY-P TI GSPSRIPYP %VERLE
PE :EGGEVME GY GIE QEM FYR GEZEPIVMI E WE, R ZVIQI GI RSM, GY MRJERXIVME #M
GY EP'M G'MZE SEQIRM, XS'M GPVM, PYE'M ETVSETI RYQEM HMRXVI TVM^SRMIVM, RI-EQ
RHVITXEX WTVI 'SVMXMFERM. )VE HVYQYP TI XEVI P YVQ HY#QERYP.
%GIEWX QTV'MVI E JSV'IPSV RI-E JSWX JEXEP: VIGIRXE RSEWXV ZMGXSVMI,
3VIE R4GVEX E #IJYPYM RSWXVY #M ZI#XMPI TI GEVI PI EZIEQ HIWTVI MREQMG, RI
JGIEY W-P HMWTVI'YMQ TVIE QYPX. R XVIM ^MPI HI QEV#, EQ JSWX PE 'SVMXMFERM #M
RI-EQ MRWXEPEX XEFVE PE S QMG HITVXEVI HI 1EVSQFE, TI YRHI WI
TVIWYTYRIE G EZIEY W XVIEG MQTIVMEPMM. 4I QEP JY E#I^EX YR TSWX #M
WERXMRIPI R PSGYVMPI WSGSXMXI RIGIWEVI, ETSM RI-EQ HYW, TI HITPMR PMRM# XM'M, PE
GYPGEVI. 'X HIWTVI QMRI, HITVMRHIVIE TI GEV (G) S EZIEQ IY EWXJIP HI
V^FSEMI Q JGY W HSVQ MITYVI#XI. 'XVI QMI^YP RST'MM, TSWXYP HI TI 4YZMY
E JSWX EXEGEX GY EXXE JYVMI., RGX HI-EFME EZY XMQT, W JYK WGLMQFRH HSEV
GXIZE QTY#GXYVM GY HY#QERYP.
0E TVMQE QTY#GXYV Q #M VMHMGEWIQ R TMGMSEVI, WXVMKRH: 0E EVQI!
0E EGIWX WXVMKX XSEX PYQIE WI XVI^M #M JY KEXE HI PYTX. 0E GXZE ZVIQI
HYT VIZVWEXYP ^SVMPSV, WI MZM #M HY#QERYP #M HYT GI XVIGY 4YZMYP, WI STVM PE
SEVIGEVI HITVXEVI HI RSM, TVIKXMX HI PYTX. 3VMGEVI EPXYP R EJEV HI
8I\WIMVE, Z^RH WYTIVMSVMXEXIE PYM RYQIVMG, EV 3 I\TIHMEX GYVMIVM GE W
GLIQI R ENYXSV GIP HI EP HSMPIE GSVT, #M, TR PE NSRG'MYRIE GY %VERLE, P-EV 3
R#IPEX TI HY#QER; HEV ZMXIE^YP VITYFPMGER WI XIQY GE RY GYQZE MREQMGYP W
WI VIXVEK #M EWXJIP, TVMR JYKE PYM, W RY TMEVH TVMPINYP HI E PYTXE. 7I EVYRG
HIGM R PYTX, WMRGLMWMRHY-WI TVIE TY'MR HI TS^M'ME EZERXENSEW TI GEVI S
SGYTE EHZIVWEVYP PYM.
(Y#QERYP, TVS3XRH HI XIVIRYP EGGMHIRXEX, #M WXEFMPMWI PMRME HI FXEMI
TI S GSPMR RHIENYRW HI VMHMGEX, R JE'E GVIME WI E4E S ZEPI EHRG,
EWXYTEX HI QYP'M QVGMRM; R EJEV HI EWXE, IP TYWIWI GE WXVEN EWGYRW TI
GSEWXIPI IM, GXIZE TPYXSERI. 8I\IMVE SVHSR EXEGYP; SVHMRYP JY RHITPMRMX GY
WXV#RMGMI. %XYRGM HY#QERYP WMQYP S VIXVEKIVI. 3EQIRMM RS#XVM TSVRMV R
YVQVMVIE PYM JV W RGIXI^I WGLMQFYP HI JSGYVM; HEV HISHEX IM JYV EXEGE'M
HI TPYXSERIPI EWGYRWI, TI GEVI RY PI Z^YWIV #M GEVI, PYRHY-M HMR 4ERG, M
WMPMV W XVIEG RHVX ZEPIE, R HI^SVHMRI. %Q TMIVHYX, R EGIEWX RGMIVEVI,
TI YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM S3'IVM EM RS#XVM, 1ERYIP 2., GEVI IVE JSEVXI MYFMX HI
#IJYP RSWXVY. (EV PMRME R GYVRH VIJGYX, EM RS#XVM WI EVYRGEV REMRXI GY YR
RSY EZRX; HY#QERYP HHY RETSM #M RGITY W WI VIXVEK.
2-E JSWX YR RYQV QEVI HI QSV'M #M VRM'M, RMGM HMRXV-S TEVXI RMGM HMR
GIEPEPX, GGM HSEV TY'MRI XVYTI PYEWIV TEVXI PE PYTX.
'Y XSEXI EGIWXIE, HY#QERYP WI VIXVKIE R KVEF #M RSM P YVQVIEQ GY
RHVNMVI; HEV GYQ GIPI HSY PMRMM HI GEZEPIVMI EPI WEPI GIRXMRYEV W JYK TI
S HMWXER' HI RSY QMPI, RSM R-EQ TYXYX W-P YVQVMQ GY MRJERXIVME.
%TVSTMMRHY-RI HI 4EWWE HI 1EVSQFE, GSQERHERXYP RSWXVY HI EZERKEVH,
QEMSVYP +MEGMRXS, P TVIZIRM TI GSPSRIP G HY#QERYP #M XVIGIE, R GIE QEM
QEVI HI^SVHMRI, FSMM #M GEMM TIWXI 4YZMY, GIIE GI, WSGSXIE IP, IVE HSZEHE G
ZVSME W-#M GSRXMRYI VIXVEKIVIE. 8I\IMVE RY #SZM S GPMT: SVHSR QMGYPYM
RSWXVY TPYXSR HI GEZEPIVMI W-S TSVRIEWG R KEPST #M-QM VIGSQERH W-P YVQI^
GX QEM HI-ETVSETI GY MRJERXIVME QIE.
(EV EGIEWX VIXVEKIVI RY IVE HIGX S GETGER HMR TEVXIE ZMGPIERYPYM
RSWXVY HY#QER; #M HMR RIRSVSGMVI, EGIEWX GETGER VIY#M HMR TPMR. (MR TVMGMRE
XIVIRYPYM EGGMHIRXEX #M E KVEFIM GY GEVI P WXVFXYWI, IP WI E4E R EJEVE
TVMZMVMPSV RSEWXVI #M, S HEX ENYRW PE 4YZMY, #M XVIGYWI TI QEPYP GIPPEPX, FSMM #M
GEMM E#E GYQ RI TVIZIRMWI QEMSVYP +MEGMRXS, HEPEVQEXE #M-S TMXMWI R HSWYP
GSPSERIPSV QTHYVMXI GEVI-S EWGYRHIEY GY HIWZV#MVI SGLMPSV RS#XVM.
3 HEX PYEXI EGIWXI QWYVM #M HYT GI-EY MRWXEPEX YR TPYXSR WTVI E PI
WYW'MRI PMRME HI. 8VKXSVM, MQTIVMEPMM, TVIZIRM'M HI MQTVYHIR'E TI GEVI S HSV
ZIHMWIQ, P WR HY-RI MRJERXIVME R YVQ, JGYV YR QEV# R WIRW MRZIVW #M
GYVRH IWGEHVSERIPI PSV RGITYV W YVGI TEVXIE PMR E YRIM ZM.
4PYXSRYP RSWXVY GEVI-P YVQVIE T'I MREQMG R JYKE PYM WMQYPEX, JY TVMQYP
GEVI SFWIVZ GETGERE, JV RW E QEM EZIE XMQT W-S IZMXI. %XEGEX HMR 4ERG, IP
JY GY HIWZV#MVI HEX TIWXI GET; GIPIPEPXI XVIM IWGEHVSERI HI GEZEPIVMI EPI
RSEWXVI EZYV EGIIE#M WSEVX #M EWXE GY XSX GYVENYP #M LSXVVIE PYM 8I\IMVE #M E
GXSVZE HMR S3'IVMM RS#XVM HI PE. 6MS-+VERHI; R GXIZE GPMTI GEZEPIVM#XMM RS#XVM
JYV ^HVSFM'M #M VMWMTM'M GEVI RGSXVS. '
%GI#XME IVEY, EQ QEM WTYW-S, ETVSETI XS'M TVM^SRMIVMM HI PE 7ERXE
:MXXSVME, TI GEVI TSEXI G RI FM^YMWIQ GY TVIE QEVI Y#YVMR'; RXV-EHIZV, IM
RY TYXIEY 3 GXY#M HI TY'MR HIZSXE'M GEY^IM RSEWXVI; ETSM, WSPHE'MM RSM ZIRM'M
HMR TVSZMRGMI, RY IVEY SFM#RYM'M GY GPVMXYP; EWXJIP G WI QTV#XMEV R
HI^SVHMRI PE TVMQE GMSGRMVI #M, R EJEV HI G'MZE QSV'M, QYP'M HMRXVI IM WI
PWEV PYE'M TVM^SRMIVM. 2Y-QM WGT RMQMG HMR MRGMHIRXIPI GEXEWXVSJIM. 9VGEX TI
YR GEP FYR, HYT GI QM-EQ QFSPHMX MRJERXIVM#XMM W QIEVK GX QEM VITIHI GY
TYXMR', EQ TSVRMX-S REMRXI #M, (ENYR#M R ZVJYP YRIM GSPMRI, EQ RGITYX W
YVQVIWG GY TVMZMVIE XVMWXYP WJV#MX EP PYTXIM.
-RJERXIVM#XMM QIM JGYV XSX GI I GY TYXMR' TI PYQIE EWXE GE W ENYRK PE
ZVIQI, HEV R ^EHEV. (MR :VJYP RP'MQMM TI GEVI Q E4EQ, EQ NYHIGEX G IVE
TVIE XV^MY TIRXVY GE IM W RI QEM TSEX EHYGI ZMGXSVME, HEV RG HIWXYP HI
HIZVIQI TIRXVY E QTMIHMGE W RY 3I TMIVHYX XSXYP. 'LIQEM PE QMRI
HSMWTVI^IGI HMR ZIGLMM QIM XSZEV#M, TI GIM QEM MY'M #M QEM GYVENS#M; ZIRMV R
JYK. 0-EQ PWEX TI QEMSVYP 4IMGLSXXS W ZEH HI VIWX #M GY EGIEWX QR HI
ZMXINM EQ SGYTEX, TI ZVJYP YRYM HIEP, S TS^M'MI JSV. 8M3GEX HI EVFSVM. (I EGSPS,
EQ 'MRYX TMITX HY#QERYPYM GEVI FK HI WIEQ G RY IVE TI HITPMR FMVYMXSV #M
EQ WPYNMX HVITX TYRGX HI EHYREVI EGIPSVE HMRXVI EM RS#XVM GEVI RY-#M TMIVHYWIV
GY XSXYP GYVENYP. 'SPSRIPYP #M G'MZE GEZEPIVM#XM WI VITPMEV, HYT GI JGYWIV
QMRYRM HI ZMXINMI; VIWXYP MRJERXIVMIM RI ENYRWI R EGIWX PSG #M EXYRGM ETVEVIE
HIZIRM XIVMFMP #M YGMKXSEVI.
8SXY#M, TYXIVRMGM TI TS^M'ME RSEWXV #M R RYQV HI #ETXI^IGM #M XVIM, EQ
PYTXEX EZRH YR EZERXEN; HY#QERYP, PMTWMRHY-M MRJERXIVME #M 3MRH TVIE TY'MR
SFM#RYMX W PYTXI QTSXVMZE EGIWXIM EVQI, #EVNE R ^EHEV: GMRGM WYXI. (I SEQIRM
HMRXV-S I\GIPIRX GEZEPIVMI, R3IVFRXEX #M JPMRHY-WI GY ZMGXSVME, WI MWXSZMV
R ^EHEV R JE'E GXSVZE SEQIRM LSXV'M, JV W TSEX QGEV S GPMT W PI
WXVTYRK VRHYVMPI. 8SXY#M, GY XSX EGIWX EZERXEN HI QSQIRX, RY XVIFYME W-M
HQ XMQT HY#QERYPYM W-#M WXVRK JSV'IPI, HMR GEVI QEM QYPX HI NYQXEXI
GSRXMRYEY W-M YVQVIEWG TI JYKEVMM RS#XVM; #M QEM EPIW XVIFYME W RI GYXQ
YR EHTSWX QEM XIQIMRMG HIGX GIP GEVI RI ETVEWI TR EXYRGM.
9R TPG HI EVFSVM WI RJ'M# TVMZMVMM RSEWXVI, PE HITVXEVI GEQ HI S QMP.
%Q RGITYX W RI VIXVEKIQ RHVITXRHY-RI RXV-EGSPS. R ^EHEV HY#QERYP
RGIVG W RI WXVTYRK VRHYVMPI, R ^EHEV #EVNE SVM HI GXI SVM E4E YR XIVIR
TVSTMGI, XSXYP JY R ZER.
(I EPXJIP, R EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI, HI QEVI JSPSW TIRXVY RSM E JSWX JETXYP
G S3'IVMM IVEY REVQE'M GY GEVEFMRI; #M, GYQ IVEQ GY XS'MM SEQIRM GPM'M, 3MRH
WXVR#M PESPEPX #M TYXRH JEGI JE' HY#QERYPYM HMR SVMGI TEVXI W-EV 3 MZMX,
VIXVKRHY-RI RXSXHIEYRE R FYR SVRHYMEP, GY YR WGLMQF HI JSGYVM XIVMFMP
#M FMRI 'MRXMX, EQ ENYRW PE VIJYKMYP RSWXVY YRHI HY#QERYP RY QEM GYXI^ W
TXVYRH.
3 HEX PE EHTSWX, R THYVMGI, EQ KWMX S TSMER #M, WXVR#M KVQEH,
JV W PWQ TY#GE HMR QR, EQ E#XITXEX GHIVIE RST'MM.
(MR XSEXI TV'MPI HY#QERYP RI WXVMKE: 4VIHE'M-Z! HEV RSM RY-M
VWTYRHIEQ HIGX TVMR XGIVI.
<<-< 6IXVEKIVIE HEX GY GHIVIE RST'MM, RI-EQ TVIKXMX HI TPIGEVI;
MRXIR'ME RSEWXV IVE W-S TSVRMQ MEV TIHVYQYP WTVI 0EKIW. 'IE QEM QEVI
HM3GYPXEXI E EGIWXIM TPIGVM S GSRWXMXYME XVERWTSVXEVIE VRM'MPSV. 1EMSVYP
4IMGLSX'S, QEM EPIW, RY TYXIE W WI QM#XI HI PSG, 3MRH EXMRW HI YR KPSR' PE
TMGMSV.
'EQ TI PE SVE ^IGI WIEVE, VRM'MM 3MRH EVERNE'M GX QEM FMRI GY TYXMR',
RI-EQ RGITYX QEV#YP, TVWMRH TMPGYP HI GSTEGM #M RGIVGRH W YVQQ PMRME
THYVMM. 4HYVIE EGIEWXE, TSEXI GIE QEM QEVI HMR PYQI, WI RXMRHI HI PE
EPYZMYRMPI 4YZMYPYM 0E 4PEXE TR PE GIPI EPI 4YZMYPYM %QE^SR, EGIWXI HSY
VIKMRI EPI ETIPSV, RGYRYRRH GVIWXIPI QYR'MPSV 7MIVVE HI )WTMREWWS, TI S
RXMRHIVI HI XVIM^IGM #M TEXVY HI KVEHI PEXMXYHMRI; RY-M GYRSWG RXMRHIVIE, R
PSRKMXYHMRI, HEV XVIFYMI W 3I MQIRW.21
'IPI XVIM HITEVXEQIRXI, 'MQE HE 7IVVE, :EGGEVME #M 0EKIW WYRX, GVIH G
EQ QEM WTYW-S, E#I^EXI R PYQMRM#YVMPI EGIWXIM THYVM. 'SVMXMFERM, YR JIP HI
GSPSRMI RXIQIMEX HI PSGYMXSVMM SVE#YPYM 'SVMXMFE, E#I^EX R HMWXVMGXYP 0EKIW,
HMR TVSZMRGME 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE, JY XIEXVYP IZIRMQIRXYPYM TI SEVI-P TSZIWXIWG;
QIVKIQ HIGM, TPGYP RSWXVY WMRKYVEXMG, WTVI E RI ETVSTME GX QEM QYPX GY
TYXMR' HI THYVI #M WTVI E RGIVGE W RI VIYRMQ R HMVIG'ME 0EKIWYPYM, GY
GSVTYP HI EVQEX EP PYM %VERLE. %4EX HITEVXI HI RSM RXV-YR QSQIRX EXX HI
RITSXVMZMX.
0E MI#MVIE HMR THYVI, RM WI RXQTP YRYP HMR EGIPI IZIRMQIRXI GEVI
HSZIHIWG GX HI QYPX WI E4 IQYP R ZSME QTVINYVVMPSV #M GX HI TYXIVRMG
EG'MSRIE^ WTEMQE RWS'MX HI TERMG, GLMEV #M EWYTVE GIPSV QEM GYVENS#M.
1V#PYMEQ R XGIVI, TSXVMZMX GY WMXYE'ME RSEWXV, KEXE W PYTXQ QTSXVMZE
HY#QERYPYM, HEG RM W-EV 3 STYW VIXVEKIVMM. 9R GEP, E4EX R QEVKMRIE THYVMM, PE
^KSQSXYP WPEF TI GEVI P JGYWIQ, WI WTIVMI #M S VYTWI PE JYK. 7I EY^M S ZSGI
WXVMKRH:
(Y#QERYP!
R EGIIE#M GPMT, EGI#XM #ETXI^IGM #M XVIM HI FVFE'M GEVI 'MRYWIV TMITX PE
GMRGM WYXI, GY EXXE GYVEN, RGX WI TYXIE WTYRI G-P RZMRWIWIV, WI WTIVMEV #M
S PYEV PE JYK, VMWMTMRHY-WI R E#E JIP, RGX E JSWX S EHIZVEX QMRYRI G
RMGMYRYP HMRXVI JYKEVM RY W-E GMSGRMX: HI HY#QER #M RY P-E XVI^MX.
R WJV#MX, EQ VIY#MX W WXVRK S QR HI SEQIRM, GVIME XVITXEX-XVITXEX
M WI EPXYV VIWXYP, EWXJIP RGX, PE VIZVWEXYP ^SVMPSV, RI E4EQ PE QEVKMRIE
THYVMM, RHVITXRHY-RI WTVI 0EKIW.
(Y#QERYP, TI GEVI RMQMG RY-P TVIZIRMWI EWYTVE JYKMM RSEWXVI, RI GYX
^EHEVRMG E HSYE ^M.
R ^MYE PYTXIM TVMQINHME JYWIWI QEVI, SFSWIEPE RWTMQRXXSEVI,
JSEQIE GYQTPMX, WIXIE EV^XSEVI; HEV XVIFYME W PYT'M, W PYT'M TIRXVY ZME' #M
KRHYP EGIWXE MI WXTRIE TI XSEXI GIPIPEPXI. RXVRH R THYVI, 'R-E QEM JSWX
PE JIP; RI-E PMTWMX XSXYP #M TVISGYTEVIE TVMQINHMIM RIQEMI\MWXRH, E TYW
WXTRMVI TI RSM QM^IVME KVSE^RMG, GVYH, HI RIRHYVEX. 0MTWE QIVMRHIPSV,
HIWGYVENEVIE XYXYVSV, VRMPI YRSVE, PMTWE QMNPSEGIPSV HI E PI SFPSNM JYV KEXE W
RI EVYRGI R HI^RHINHI. 8MQT HI TEXVY ^MPI R-EQ KWMX EPXGIZE HI QRGEVI
HIGX VHGMRM; VIRYR' W QEM HIWGVMY KVIYXEXIE TI GEVI EQ RXQTMREX-S GE
W RI GVSMQ HVYQ TVMR MQIRWE THYVI, YRHI RY I\MWXE RMGM QGEV S TSXIG #M
YRHI REXYVE, RIGVY'XSV HI JIGYRH, JEGI W GVIEWG #M W WI RHIWIEWG TI
WYF TMRMM YVME#M S E. (SYE THYVI HI XVIWXMM, EPI GVSV VQ#M'I JSVQIE^, R
YRIPI PSGYVM, QIXIVI^I HI RIXVIGYX. ''MZE HMR SEQIRMM RS#XVM, HMWTIVE'M,
HI^IVXEV; E JSWX S EHIZVEX XVYH W-M EHYGIQ RETSM #M W-M WMPMQ GY JSV'E W
WI WYTYR. 2Y I\MWXE TSEXI HIGX YR WMHKYV PIEG TIRXVY EGIEWX HIWGYVENEVI
#M IY EQ JSWX GIP GEVI P-E KWMX. --EQ EHYREX #M PI-EQ WTYW G WYRX PMFIVM 3I W
WI VIXVEK, 3IGEVI TI WIEQE PYM, GYQ M-GV XME GETYP, 3I W GSRXMRYI E
QV#PYM YRM'M #M R GSVTSVI, SGVSXMRHY-M TI VRM'M #M ETVRHY-WI YRMM TI EP'MM.
0IEGYP E JSWX I3GEGI: RGITRH HMR EGIP QSQIRX, 3IGEVI 3MRH PMFIV W TPIGI,
RMQIRM RY WI QEM KRHM W HI^IVXI^I #M RGVIHIVIE R TSWMFMPMXEXIE WEPZVMM M
GYTVMRWI HMR RSY, TI XS'M.
'MRGM ^MPI HYT PYTX, EQ KWMX S TMGEHE, S TSXIG PEX GX W XVIEG, YR
SQ, VEV QEM PEX GE TIRXVY HSM SEQIRM, GVSMX TVMR THYVI. %GIEWX TSXIG RI-
E HYW PE S GEW, YRHI RI-EQ TSXSPMX JSEQIE, RNYRKLMMRH HSM FSM.
(I EGSPS, RI-EQ GSRXMRYEX HVYQYP WTVI 0EKIW, YRHI EQ ENYRW RXV-S ^M,
TI S TPSEMI XSVIR'MEP.
"IHIVIE PE 0EKIW #M R QTVINYVMQM 0EKIW, EGIEWX 'EV FYR GEVI RI
WVFXSVMWI EXX. (I WXVE#RMG GRH EQ JSWX ZMGXSVMS#M, PE ZIWXIE RJVRKIVMM
RSEWXVI, #M WGLMQFEWI WXMRHEVHYP #M YRMM HMRXVI GIM QEM LSXV'M VIWXEFMPMWIV
WMWXIQYP MQTIVMEP. %GIME, HI EPXJIP, JYKMV PE WSWMVIE RSEWXV #M, GYQ IVEY
RIKY'XSVM, QENSVMXEXIE HMRXVI IM #M PWEWIV QEKE^MRIPI ETVSZM^MSREXI GY XSX
JIPYP HI PYGVYVM. % JSWX YR RSVSG, 3MRHG EQ GVI^YX G TYXIQ, JV VIQY#GVM,
W RI RWY#MQ QVJYVMPI HY#QERMPSV RS#XVM #M, HEXSVMX GSQIV'YPYM ZEVMEX TI
GEVI P I\IVGMXEY, W RI QFYRX'MQ R QSH WMQ'MXSV WMXYE'ME.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, 8I\IMVE M WGVMWI PYM %VERLE, SVHSRRHY-M W RM WI EPXYVI
#M XSX GEQ R EGIWX VWXMQT, TVMQM ZIWXIE WSWMVMM GSPSRIPYPYM 4SVXMROS, XVMQMW HI
&IRXS 1ERSIP GE W YVQI^I EGIPE#M GSVT HI EVQEX EP PYM 1IPPS, RXPRMX HI RSM
RXV-YR GLMT EXX HI RIJIVMGMX PE 'SVMXMFERM.
R %QIVMGE, EQ WPYNMX GEY^E TSTSEVIPSV, #M EQ WPYNMX-S WMRGIV; IVEQ,
E#EHEV, EHZIVWEVYP EFWSPYXMWQYPYM, EGSPS GE #M R )YVSTE, RHVKSWXMX HI
WMWXIQYP R EVQSRMI GY GSRZMRKIVIE QIE #M TVMR YVQEVI HY#QER EP WMWXIQYPYM
STYW. --EQ EHQMVEX YRISVM TI SEQIRM, GIP QEM EHIWIE M-EQ TPRW, RMGMSHEX
RW RY M-EQ YVX. 'RH EQ HIWGSTIVMX G WYRX IKSM#XM #M VM, EQ TYW IKSMWQYP
#M VYXEXIE PSV TI WIEQE RIJIVMGMXIM RSEWXVI 3VM. (I EXYRGM, Q-EQ RHITVXEX
HI XIEXVYP YRHI W-EY TIXVIGYX IZIRMQIRXIPI TI GEVI PI TSZIWXIWG; R
QSQIRXYP R GEVI WGVMY EGIWXI VRHYVM, Q E4Y PE HSY QMM HI PIKLI HMWXER',
WI TSEXI GVIHI, TVMR YVQEVI, R MQTEV'MEPMXEXIE QIE. )M FMRI, S WTYR EXX
TIRXVY TVMIXIRMM GX #M TIRXVY. (Y#QERMM QIM, GIM GY GEVI Q PYTXEQ IVEY RM#XI
GSTMM GYXI^XSVM EM GSRXMRIRXYPYM EQIVMGER, HEV RY QEM TY'MR GYXI^XSVM IVEY #M
GIM R VRH YVMPI GVSVE QM E4EWIQ PSGYP.
% JSWX HIGM S JETX RHV^RIE' GIE TI GEVI EQ LSXVX-S HI E ETVE
0EKIW-YP QTSXVMZE YRYM HY#QER HI ^IGI SVM WYTIVMSV RSY #M GVYME S ZMGXSVMI
VIGIRX M HYFPEWI RGVIHIVIE R WMRI. (IWTV'M'M HI IP TVMR 4YZMYP 'ERSEW, TI
GEVI RY-P TYXIEQ RXVM RHIENYRW TIRXVY E-P ETVE, E#XITXEVQ XMQT IPI QEM
QYPXI ^MPI NSRG'MYRIE GY %VERLE #M GY 4SVXMROS; R XSX EGIWX VWXMQT HY#QERYP
JY 'MRYX R PSG HI S QR HI SEQIRM. RHEX GI RI-EY WSWMX RXVMVMPI, EQ TSVRMX
GY LSXVVI WTVI MREQMG; HEV EXYRGM IP JY EGIPE GEVI RY QEM TVMQM PYTXE,
VIXVKRHY-WI R TVSZMRGME ZIGMR, 7S 4EYPS, YRHI WTIVE W KWIEWG YR
WTVMNMR TYXIVRMG.
R EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI EQ GSRWXEXEX HIJIGXIPI #M ZMGMMPI VITVS#EXI R
KIRIVEP EVQEXIPSV VITYFPMGERI'; EWXJIP HI EVQEXI WI GSQTYR HI SFMGIM HMR
SEQIRM RWY4I'M'M HI TEXVMSXMWQ #M HI GYVEN, HEV GEVI. 2Y R'IPIK W VYQR
WYF HVETIP HIGX EXXE XMQT GX HY#QERYP EQIRMR', #M WI RHITVXIE^ HI IP,
P TVWIWG, GRH HY#QERYP HMWTEVI. %GIWX ZMGMY ETVSETI G E JSWX VYMRE
RSEWXV, EGIWX HIJIGX E JSWX KEXE W RIHYG PE TMIMVI, R QTVINYVEVIE R GEVI
HY#QERYP, QEM FM.RS MRJSVQEX,.EV 3 TYXYX W RI RMQMGIEWG HEG EV 3 TVS3XEX
HI GE.
7IVVERMIRMM HHYV; I\IQTPYP TVWMVMM VRH YVMPSV. 3EQIRMM PYM 4SVXMROS M
YVQEV. &MRI'M WIEQE G HI^IVXSVMM, RY RYQEM G-#M PYEY GEMM TVSTVMM, HEV #M TI
GIM EM HMZM^MIM, EWXJIP RGX JSV'IPI RSEWXVI WI QMG#SVEV HMR ^M R ^M, GY S MY'IEP
EXX HI QEVI, RGX RI-EQ Z^YX VITIHI WMPM'M W TVWMQ 0EKIW-YP #M W RI
VIXVEKIQ WTVI TVSZMRGME 6MS-+VERHI, XIQRHY-RI HI TVI^IR'E YRYM HY#QER
GEVI JYWIWI WMPMX W JYK HMREMRXIE RSEWXV #M E GVYM JYK RI EHYWIWI
RJVRKIVIE.
%GIWX JETX W, WPYNIEWG HVITX TMPH TSTSEVIPSV GEVI ZSV W 3I PMFIVI; W
#XMI FMRI G RY GY 4SVM, GY WIVFVM, GY MPYQMRE'MM XI PYT'M QTSXVMZE WSPHE'MPSV
GPM'M #M HMWGMTPMRE'M EM HIWTSXMWQYPYM, GM GY ENYXSVYP YRSV SWXE#M QEM HMWGMTPMRE'M
#M QEM GPM'M HIGX IM; W RY WI ETYGI HIGM HI S EWXJIP HI QYRG KVIE GIM GI RY
WYRX. R WXEVI W GPIEWG #M W HMWGMTPMRI^I YR TSTSV HYT GI P-EY VMHMGEX PE
PYTX.
)\MWX HI EWIQIRIE TSTSEVI GEVI RY QIVMX SWXIRIEPE W 3I QTMRWI PE
PYTX, GGM KERKVIRE RY WI ZMRHIG.
6IWXYP JSV'IPSV RSEWXVI, EWXJIP QMG#SVEXI R ZVIQI GI RSM IVEQ PMTWM'M
HI PYGVYVMPI GIPI QEM XVIFYMRGMSEWI #M RHISWIFM HI QFVGQMRXI, PMTW
KVSE^RMG PE ETVSTMIVIE MIVRMM QSLSVXI #M EWTVI HMR VIKMYRMPI REPXI VIWXYP
JSV'IPSV RSEWXVI, GYQ WTYRIEQ, RGITY W WI HIQSVEPM^I^I #M W GIEV, GY
KPEW XEVI, W WI RXSEVG PE GEWIPI PSV. 8I\IMVE JY EWXJIP WMPMX W GIHI^I GIVIVMM #M-
QM TSVYRGM W GSFSV HMR QYR'M #M W Q YRIWG GY EVQEXE, TVIKXMRHY-WI PE
VRHYP PYM W JEG PE JIP. %GIEWX VIXVEKIVI E JSWX KVIE #M HMR TVMGMRE HM3GYPX'MM
HVYQYVMPSV #M HMR TVMGMRE HY#QRMMPSV EWGYRWI EPI PSGYMXSVMPSV HMR THYVI,
ZVNQE#M RZIV#YRE'M EM VITYFPMGERMPSV.
R RYQV HI ETVSETI #ETXI^IGM, EQ ISFSVMX HIGM TI TMGEHE HM 4IPS2S.
%Q QEM WTYW GI IVE S TMGEHE, #M EQ EZYX HI RJVYRXEX RIRYQVEXI #M
RITVIZ^YXI GYVWI, TI GEVI PI-EQ XVIGYX EZRH YR RSVSG RIQEMTSQIRMX,
KVE'MI LSXVVMM SEQIRMPSV TI GEVI M GSRHYGIEQ #M SEVIGYQ HEXSVMX RGVIHIVMM
RIQVKMRMXI TI GEVI, R KIRIVI, S MRWTMV GIPSV TI GEVI M GSQERH. 4SXIGE GI-S
YVQEQ IVE RKYWX, PWRH W XVIEG HI-EFME HSM SEQIRM #M HMR XSEXI TV'MPI
RGSRNYVEX HI HIWM#YVM; HY#QERYP, RWGYX R 'EV, SFM#RYMX GY XSEXI
PSGEPMX'MPI, WI EWGYRHIE R PSGYVMPI GIPI QEM TSXVMZMXI, ETSM RI RGIVGYME,
VMHMGRHY-WI HMRXV-S HEX GY WXVMKXI JYVMSEWI, R XMQT GI YR FVY HI 4GVM WI
ETVMRHIE, XVSWRMRH, R NYVYP RSWXVY, JV IE RSM W-M TYXIQ ZIHIE TI XVKXSVM,
HMR JIVMGMVI QEM QYPX ^KSQSXS#M HIGX RHIQREXMGM. (I EPXJIP, TYVXEVIE
EHQMVEFMP E SEQIRMPSV QIM, YRMVIE PSV R TVMQINHMI EY JSWX HI E#E REXYV,
RGX RYQEM G'MZE JYV Y#SV. 6RM'M #M R-EQ EZYX HIGX YR GEP SQSVX.
%WIQIRIE RXQTPVM EQMRXIWG RXV-EHIZV HI THYVMPI ZVNMXI EPI PYM
8EWWS, YRHI 3IGEVI EVFSVI XVME #M EZIE KPEW #M WRKI.
%Q ENYRW PE GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP HI PE 1EPE 'EWE, YRHI WI E4E TI EXYRGM
&IRXS +SR^EPIW, RHITPMRMRH JYRG'MMPI WEPI HI TVI#IHMRXI #M HI GSQERHERX
WYTVIQ.
<<<- &XPME HI PE 8EUYEVM %VQEXE VITYFPMGER WI TVIKXIE W
TSVRIEWG R QEV#. 'X HIWTVI HY#QER, HYT TMIVHIVIE FXPMIM HI PE 6MS-
4EVHS, WI VIJGYWI PE 4SVXS-%PIKVI, TPIGEWI HI EGSPS WYF SVHMRIPI FXVRYPYM
KIRIVEP +ISVKMS #M-#M WXEFMPMWI XEFVE TI 'VQYVMPI 4YZMYPYM 'ELI, E#XITXRH
NSRG'MYRIE GY KIRIVEPYP 'EPHIVSR, GEVI, GY YR MQTYRXSV GSVT HI GEZEPIVMI,
TPIGEWI HI PE 6MS-+VERHI #M XVIFYME W WI YRIEWG GY IP, WXVFXRH GQTME.
1EVIPI RIENYRW TI GEVI P-EQ WIQREPEX QEM WYW, EHMG VMWMTMVIE XVYTIPSV
VITYFPMGERI HYT GI-'VMY WI QEM E4EWIV R JE'E HY#QERYPYM, RPIWRIE
MQTIVMEPMPSV SVMGI EG'MYRI ZSMEY W RXVITVMRH, EWXJIP RGX, R QSQIRXYP GRH
KIRIVEPYP 2IXXS, GEVI GSQERHE JSV'IPI RSEWXVI HMR GQTMI, #M EHYREWI YR
RYQV WY3GMIRX HI SEQIRM WTVI E-P FEXI TI 'EPHIVSR, EGIWXE WI #M RXPRMWI,
TI 'ELI, GY KVSWYP EVQEXIM MQTIVMEPI.
4VI#IHMRXIPI EZIE EFWSPYX RIZSMI W-#M EPXYVI HMZM^ME 2IXXS, HEG ZVSME
W 3I R WXEVI W PYTXI QTSXVMZE MREQMGYPYM; HI EGIIE VMHMG EWIHMYP. %GIEWX
QERIZV #M NSRG'MYRIE GI-M YVQ EY EZYX YR VI^YPXEX JIVMGMX #M EY EHYW S QEVI
GMRWXI GETEGMX'MM QMPMXEVI E PYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW. 2SM EQ TPIGEX GY EVQEXE HI PE
1EPE 'EWE, PYRH-S WTVI 7ER 0ISTSPHS #M XVIGRH PE HSY QMPI HITVXEVI HI
EVQEXE MREQMG; HYT HSY ^MPI #M HSY RST'M HI QEV# RIRXVIVYTX, R XMQTYP
GVSVE R-EQ QRGEX #M R-EQ FYX HI PSG WEY ETVSETI HI PSG, EQ ENYRW R
ETVSTMIVI HI 8EUYEM'M, YRHI RI-EQ RXPRMX GY KIRIVEPYP 2IXXS GEVI ZIRIE R
RXQTMREVIE RSEWXV.
%Q ^MW G R-EQ QRGEX HI PSG #M EQ WTYW EHIZVYP. (I RHEX II
HY#QERYP TVMRWI HI ZIWXI HI QM#GEVIE RSEWXV, QV#PYM GY LSXVVI WTVI RSM
#M, R QEM QYPXI VRHYVM, RI ENYRWI #M RI EXEG R XMQT GI RI SHMLRIEQ S GPMT
WEY IVEQ SGYTE'M W RI JVMKIQ GEVRIE GEVI GSRWXMXYME WMRKYVE RSEWXV LVER.
-RW HI ZVIS ^IGI SVM, XSGQEM GRH GEVRIE IVE KEXE JVMTX, WERXMRIPIPI EY
WXVMKEX PE EVQI #M E XVIFYMX W PYTXQ R PSG W PYQ QEWE HI TVR^ WEY HI
WIEV. R WJV#MX, EQ JGYX TSTEW PE 4MRLYVMRLS, PE #EWI QMPI HI 8EUYEVM #M RI-
EQ PYEX XSRXI QWYVMPI TIRXVY E PYTXE.
%VQEXE VITYFPMGER, EPGXYMX HMRXV-S QMG HI SEQIRM HMR MRJERXIVMI #M HMR
GMRGM QMM HI GEZEPIVM#XM SGYTE RP'MQMPI HI PE 4MRLYVMRLS, YR QYRXI EGSTIVMX
HI TMRM, HYT GYQ S MRHMG #M RYQIPI, RY TVIE REPX, HEV GEVI XSXY#M HSQMRE
RP'MQMPI RZIGMREXI. -RJERXIVME WI E4E R GIRXVY GSQERHEX HI FXVRYP
GSPSRIP 'VI^YR^MS. %VMTE HVIETX EWGYPXE HI KIRIVEPYP 2IXXS, MEV EVMTE WXMRK
HI 'EREZEVVS. 'IPI HSY EVMTM IVEY EPGXYMXI, E#EHEV, RYQEM HMR GEZEPIVMI #M,
JV RHSMEP, GIE QEM FYR GEZEPIVMI HMR PYQI. -RJERXIVME, IVE #M IE I\GIPIRX.
(SVMR'E HI E WI RGMIVE IVE HIGM KIRIVEP.
'SPSRIPYP %RXSRMS 7., GY YR GSVT HI GEZEPIVMI, VITVI^IRXE VI^IVZE.
(Y#QERYP, PE VRHYP PYM, EZIE TEXVY QMM HI MRJERXIVM#XM, #M, WI WTYRIE,
XVIM QMM HI GEZEPIVM#XM #M GXIZE XYRYVM; SGYTEWI S TS^M'MI HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E
YRYM QMG XSVIRX GI RI HIWTV'IE HI IP, #M EG'MYRIE WE RY IVE GXY#M HI TY'MR
HI HMWTVI'YMX. %VQEXE PYM WI GSQTYRIE HMR GIPI QEM FYRI XVYTI EPI MQTIVMYPYM,
GSQERHEXI HI YR KIRIVEP JSEVXI FXVR #M JSEVXI GETEFMP.
+IRIVEPYP MREQMG QV#PYMWI TR EXYRGM GY R4GVEVI R YVQVMVIE
RSEWXV #M-#M 1 M; EWI XSEXI QWYVMPI TIRXVY YR EXEG R VIKYP. (SY XYRYVM
E#I^EXI TI QEPYP HMRWTVI TEVXIE XSVIRXYPYM WGYMTEY JSG R PMRME RSEWXV HI
GEZEPIVMI. :MXINMM RS#XVM HMR TVMQE FVMKEH, PE SVHMRIPI PYM 2IXXS, #M #M XVWIWIV
WFMMPI HMR XIEG #M RY QEM E#XITXEY HIGX WYRIXYP XVSQTIXIM WTVI E WI EVYRGE
EWYTVE GIPSV HSY FEXEPMSERI GEVI XVIGYWIV XSVIRXYP. %GI#XM GYVENS#M
GSRXMRIRXEPM GVIHIEY R ZMGXSVMI, GE #M 2IXXS, RI3MRH TR EXYRGM RJVR'M
RMGMSHEX. -RJERXIVME, E#I^EX R HMZM^MM TI ZVJYP GSPMRIM #M EWGYRW HI YR XIVIR
EGGMHIRXEX, EVHIE HI HSVMR'E HI E WI PYTXE. 8IVMFMPMM PRGMIVM EM PYM 'EREZEVVS #M
REMRXEWIV, RZPYMRH 4ERGYP HVITX EP HY#QERYPYM #M WMPMRHY-P EWXJIP W-#M
WGLMQFI JVSRXYP, WGLMQFEVI GI WI TVSHYWIWI R HI^SVHMRI.
)VE S EHIZVEX THYVI HI PRGMM EGIWX GSVT JV IKEP, EPGXYMX ETVSETI
R RXVIKMQI HMR WGPEZM IPMFIVE'M HI GXVI VITYFPMG #M EPI#M HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM
QFPR^MXSVM HI GEM HMR TVSZMRGMI; XS'M IVEY RIKVM, R EJEV HI S3'IVMM WYTIVMSVM.
2MGMSHEX HY#QERYP RY Z^YWI YQIVMM EGIWXSV GSTMM EM PMFIVX'MM, PRGMMPI PSV
HIT#MRH QVMQIE SFM#RYMX E EGIWXIM EVQI; JI'IPI PSV SEGLI#I, QHYPEVIPI
PSV ZRNSEWI, RXVMXI #M QEM QYPX TVMR I\IVGM'MMPI EWTVI #M SFSWMXSEVI, HMWGMTPMRE
TIVJIGX, R WJV#MX XSXYP, JGIE GE IM W 3I WTEMQE HY#QERYPYM.
+PEWYP RWY4I'MXSV EP GSQERHERXYPYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW GYXVIQYVEWI XSEXI
TMITXYVMPI: *MIGEVI W PYTXI EWX^M GE #M GYQ EV EZIE TEXVY XVYTYVM WTVI E-#M
ETVE TEXVME #M TEXVY MRMQM WTVI E S MYFM!, WTYWIWI EGIWX ZMXIE^ GEVI EZIE
XSEXI RWY#MVMPI YRYM QEVI GTMXER, R EJEV HI RSVSG.
'X HIWTVI RSM, WY4IXYP RSWXVY, GE W ^MGIQ E#E, WMQ'IE XSX JVIEQXYP
FXPMIM #M IVE GSTPI#MX HI RGVIHIVIE R FMVYMR'. 2MGMSHEX RY QM WI RJ'M#EWI
ZVIS ^M QEM JVYQSEW, RMGMSHEX ZVIS TVMZIPM#XI QEM QVIE'. %4EX R QMNPSGYP
MRJERXIVMIM RSEWXVI, TI YPXMQE GVIEWX E GSPMRIM, QM WI HIWGSTIVIE XSXYP,
GQTYP HI PYTX #M GIPI HSY EVQEXI. 'QTMMPI TI GEVI EZIE PSG YGMKXSVYP NSG
EP V^FSMYPYM IVEY EGSTIVMXI HI S ZIKIXE'MI WGYRH #M VEV, GI RY WXRNIRIE HI
JIP RMGM QM#GVMPI WXVEXIKMGI, RMGM TVMZMVIE GI PI YVQVIE; MEV IY TYXIEQ W-QM
WTYR G PE TMGMSEVIPI QIPI, WYF QMRI, ZSV 3 LSXVXI R GXIZE QMRYXI
HIWXMRIPI GIPIM QEM QEVM TV'M E GSRXMRIRXYPYM EQIVMGER, TSEXI GLMEV E GIPYM
QEM QEVI MQTIVMY EP PYQMM.
:E I\MWXE YR TSTSV WEY RY# %GIWXI GSVTYVM HI EVQEX EXX HI GSQTEGXI,
EXX HI FMRI WYHEXI YRIPI GY EPXIPI, ZSV 3 RZMRWI #M QTV#XMEXI# 8SEXI EWXIE,
RXV-S GPMT RY ZSV QEM 3, HIGX GEHEZVI #M QHYPEVI ^HVSFMXI, HIWTVMRWI HI
'XVYT, RSXRH R WRKI# 8SEX EGIEWX XMRIVI'I JVYQSEW #M ZMI ZE RKV#E, GY
VQ#M'IPI IM, EGIWXI IQTMM QEKRM3GI# ,EMHI'M! 7YRE'M JERJEVI, FYFYM'M
XYRYVM, YVP FXPMI #M XSXYP W WI LSXVEWG PE JIP GE PE >EQE, GE PE *EVWEPE, GE
PE %GXMYQ!
(EV RY, RY E#E EZIE W WI RXQTPI: GQTME EGIEWXE RY IVE LV^MX
QGIPYPYM. +IRIVEPYP MREQMG, MRXMQMHEX HI TS^M'ME RSEWXV TYXIVRMG #M HI
EXMXYHMRIE RSEWXV LSXVX, #SZM; TSVYRGM GIPSV HSY FEXEPMSERI W XVIEG
HMR RSY XSVIRXYP #M HI PE EXMXYHMRIE SJIRWMZ TI GEVI S PYEWI, VIZIRM MEV PE GIE
HIJIRWMZ. +IRIVEPYP 'EPHIVSR JYWIWI SQSVX GLMEV HI PE RGITYXYP EXEGYPYM;
HMR TVMGMRE EWXE TSEXI #SZM +MSVKMS.
(MR QSQIRX GI IP RY RI QEM EXEGE, RY XVIFYME W-P EXEGQ RSM# %WXE IVE
TVIVIE QENSVMX'MM. %Q 3 JGYX FMRI# (EG PYTXE W-EV 3 HEX R GSRHM'MMPI HI PE
RGITYX #M RY W-EV 3 'MRYX WIEQE HI EHQMVEFMPE RSEWXV TS^M'MI, XS'M WSV'MM HI
M^FRH EV 3 JSWX HI TEVXIE RSEWXV. (EV TVWMRH EGIEWX TS^M'MI TIRXVY E
YVQVM YR HY#QER HI TEXVY SVM QEM TYXIVRMG HIGX RSM R GI TVMZI#XI
MRJERXIVME, XVIFYME W HQ PYTXE TI GIPPEPX QEP P XSVIRXYPYM.
)VE VMWGERX, HI#M MWTMXMXSV.
R WJV#MX, RY RI-EQ PYTXEX HI PSG WEY EFME HI RI-EQ PYTXEX; RI-EQ
TIXVIGYX XSEX ^MYE JE'-R JE', QYP'YQMRHY-RI HSEV W RI LV'YMQ.
%VQEXE RSEWXV HYWIWI PMTW HI GEVRI #M MRJERXIVME RHISWIFM IVE
RJSQIXEX; #M QEM KVIY HI RHYVEX HIGX JSEQIE IVE WIXIE; RMGMIVM RY WI QEM
KWIE ET, R EJEV HI EGIWX XSVIRX, E4EX R TYXIVIE HY#QERYPYM. (EV SEQIRMM
RS#XVM WI GPMWIV PE XSEXI PMTWYVMPI #M YR WMRKYV ZEMIX MI#M HMR KYVE EGIWXSV
QYVMFYR^M HI JSEQI #M HI WIXI: W RY WI QEM PYTXI. 3, MXEPMIRM! MXEPMIRM! R ^MYE
GRH ZI'M 3 YRM'M #M GYQTXE'M #M VFHXSVM PE SFSWIEP, #M PE PMTWYVM, WXVMRYP, 3'M
WMKYVM, R-S W QEM GEPGI R TMGMSEVI TQRXYP ZSWXVY #M R-S W Z QEM
RIGMRWXIEWG RMGMSHEX GQMRYP. R ^MYE EGIIE, S, MXEPMIRM! -XEPME #M ZE VIGTXE
PSGYP RY RYQEM R QMNPSGYP, GM R JVYRXIE RE'MYRMPSV PYQMM.
R XMQTYP RST'MM FXVRYP KIRIVEP +ISVKMS HMWTVYWI #M S HEX GY MZMVIE
^MPIM P-EQ GYXEX ^EHEVRMG TI HY#QER; EFME GXVI SVE ^IGI HMQMRIE'E, TI GRH
GIE'E WI VMWMTIE, P-EQ Z^YX MEV#M TI TS^M'MMPI RXVMXI HI PE 8EUYEVM.
(YT TY'MR XMQT RM W-E HEX HI ZIWXI G HMR RSY GEZEPIVME WE XVIGIE
4YZMYP. -QTIVMEPMM WI E4EY, E#EHEV, R TPMR VIXVEKIVI; XVIFYME W-M EXEGQ #M
KIRIVEPYP RSWXVY RY #SZM.
'EZEPIVME HY#QER XVEZIVWEWI 4YZMYP, ENYXEX HI GXIZE ZEWI*
HY#QERI; HEV MRJERXIVME XSEX VQWIWI R WXMRK, ETVEX HI EGIPIE#M ZEWI #M
HI THYVI: TS^M'ME IM IVE YRE HMR GIPI QEM TVMIPRMGI. % HSYE FVMKEH E RSEWXV
HI MRJERXIVMI, EPGXYMX HMR FEXEPMSERIPI EP XVIMPIE #M EP HSY^IGMPIE, EZIE
QMWMYRIE W RGIET EXEGYP. )E #M-S RHITPMRM GY XSX GYVENYP HI GEVI IVE R
WXEVI. (EV, HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI RYQIVMG, HY#QERYP IVE RXV-EXX HI WYTIVMSV
EGIWXSV FVEZM, RGX, HYT GI JGYV QMRYRM HI ZMXINMI EY JSWX WMPM'M W WI
VIXVEK, WYW'MRY'M HI FVMKEHE RXME, HI FEXEPMSRYP HI EVXMPIVMI JV XYR #M HI
GXVI QEVMR. 0YTXE JY GYQTPMX, QEM EPIW R THYVI YRHI ^KSQSXYP
QTY#GXYVMPSV #M EP EV FSVMPSV HSFSV'M TVIE, R QMNPSGYP YRYM JYQ KVSW,
^KSQSXYP YRIM ZMNIPMM HI MEH.
%Q RYQVEX RY QEM TY'MR HI GMRGM WYXI HI QSV'M #M HI VRM'M HI 3IGEVI
TEVXI. 'EHEZVIPI ZMXINMPSV RS#XVM VITYFPMGERM EY JSWX KWMXI TR #M TI QEPYP
VTSW EP 4YZMYPYM, YRHI VIWTMRWIWIV MREQMGYP #M ETVSETI P QTMRWIWIV R
GYVIRXYP ETIM. (MR RIRSVSGMVI, EGIWXI TMIVHIVM EY JSWX JV RMGM YR VI^YPXEX
RWIQREX; HISEVIGI FVMKEHE E HSYE WI E4E R VIXVEKIVI, PYTXE RGIX.
RXVI XMQT, WI PW RSETXIE #M HY#QERYP TYXY W XVIEG 4YZMYP R XSEX
ZSME.
'Y XSEXI GEPMX'MPI WEPI WXVPYGMXI, HIWTVI GEVI GVIH G EQ QEM ZSVFMX, ZSM
EQMRXM GXIZE HIJIGXI EPI KIRIVEPYPYM &IRXS +SR^EPIW: GIP QEM KVEZ HMRXVI IPI
IVE S SEVIGEVI #SZMEP, TVMGMRE TVSFEFMP E VI^YPXEXIPSV HI^EWXVYSEWI EPI
STIVE'MMPSV WEPI. %V 3 JSWX HI HSVMX GE, R PSG W-M EVYRGI R PYTX TI GIM GMRGM
WYXI HI SEQIRM, RYQV MRJIVMSV GIPSV TI GEVI M EXEGEY, W-M 3 QTMRW QTSXVMZE
HY#QERYPYM RY RYQEM TI XS'M MRJERXIVM#XMM TI GEVI M EZIEQ, HEV GLMEV #M TI
GEZEPIVM#XM, PYTXRH NSW, RY TI GEP, HISEVIGI, HMR TVMGMRE XIVIRYPYM EGGMHIRXEX,
IM RY TYXIEY W PYTXI R JIPYP SFM#RYMX; S EXEVI QERIZV RI-EV 3 EHYW GY
WMKYVER' S WTPIRHMH ZMGXSVMI, HEG, JGRHY-P TI HY#QER W #SZMI, EQ 3
M^FYXMX W-P EVYRGQ R 4YZMY; HEV, HMR RIJIVMGMVI, KIRIVEPYP WI XIQIE W-#M
TYR R TVMQINHMI XSEX MRJERXIVME, WMRKYVE TI GEVI E EZYX-S IP, WMRKYVE TI
GEVI E EZYX-S 6ITYFPMGE.
R 3P-MGI GE^, VI^YPXEXYP E JSWX, TIRXVY RSM, S TMIVHIVI MVITEVEFMP RI#XMMRH
GYQ W-M RPSGYMQ TI FVEZMM RS#XVM MRJERXIVM#XM, R ZVIQI GI MRJERXIVME
VITVI^IRXE, HMQTSXVMZ, TVMRGMTEPE JSV' E HY#QERYPYM, #M R ZVIQI GI
RYQIVS#M VIGVY'M YQTPIEY MQIHMEX KSPYP JGYX R VRHYVMPI IM.
-REQMGYP, R WJV#MX, VQEWI TI QEPYP HVITX EP 4YZMYPYM 8EUYEVM WXTR,
TVMR YVQEVI, TI RXVIEKE GQTMI; 'X HIWTVI RSM, RI-EQ VIPYEX HVYQYP WTVI
1EPE 'EWE.
8SEXI EGIWXI QERIZVI KVI#MXI RVYX'IEY WMXYE'ME 6ITYFPMGMM. 2I-EQ
RXSVW PE 7ER 0ISTSPHS #M PE 7IXXIQFVMRE; #M R WJV#MX, PE ZIGLIE RSEWXV XEFV
HI PE 1EPE 'EWE, TVWMX RW HYT GXIZE ^MPI TIRXVY GIE HI PE &IMPE :MWX.
3 STIVE'MI TPRYMX TI ZVIQIE EGIIE HI GXVI KIRIVEP EV 3 TYXYX W RI
VIEHYG RXV-S TS^M'MI I\GIPIRX, HEG RSVSGYP EV 3 ENYXEX, E#E GYQ EV 3
XVIFYMX, WJSV'VMPI EGIWXYM SQ, TI GX HI WYTIVMSV XSX TI EXX HI RIJIVMGMX.
<<<-- %WIHMYP HI PE 7ER .SWI HI 2SVXI 7TVI E 3 R WXEVI W-#M JEG
MRGYVWMYRMPI TI GQT, HY#QERYP JYWIWI WMPMX W-#M PMTWIEWG JSVXVI'IPI HI
MRJERXIVMI; 7ER .SWI HI 2SVXI IVE R QSH HISWIFMX WPFMX.
%GIEWX JSVXVIE', WMXYEX TI QEPYP WITXIRXVMSREP EP PEGYPYM 0SW
4EXSWIVE YRE HMR TS^M'MMPI GLIMI EPI TVSZMRGMIM, EXX HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI
GSQIVGMEP: GX #M HMR TYRGX HI ZIHIVI TSPMXMG; PYEVIE IM R WXTRMVI EV 3 TYXYX
W WGLMQFIJ E'E PYGVYVMPSV, EXX HI WYQFV R EGIP QSQIRX TIRXVY VITYFPMGERM;
SGYTEVIE IM HIZIRIE QEM QYPX HIGX JSPSWMXSEVI, IVE RIGIWEV. RXV-EHIZV,
SVE#YP GYTVMRHIE SFMIGXI HI XSX JIPYP, MRHMWTIRWEFMPI QFVGQMR'MM WSPHEXYPYM,
GEVI, R GI RI TVMZIE, WI E4E R GIE QEM NEPRMG WXEVI: RW, RY RYQEM R
EGIEWX TVMZMR' GM #M E RWIQRX'MM WEPI WXVEXIKMGI, HI YRMG TSVX EP TVSZMRGMIM,
7ER .SWI HI 2SVXI QIVMXE XSEXI WEGVM3GMMPI TIRXVY E 3 WXTRMX, IY EXX QEM
QYPX, GY GX R TEVXIE EWXE WI KWIE EXEPEKE, EHMG YR GEXEVK HI WIQREPM^EVI
TIRXVY ZEWI, GEVI MRHMGE EGIWXSVE EHRGMQIE PE TYRGXYP HI ZVWEVI E ETIPSV.
(MR RIJIVMGMVI R EGIEWX I\TIHM'MI, WI RXQTP EGIPE#M PYGVY IKVI WI
RXQTPEWI #M PE 8EUYEVM. 'SRHYW GY S EHQMVEFMP R'IPITGMYRI #M R GIP QEM
QEVI WIGVIX, IE HHY GY HIWZV#MVI KVI# HEXSVMX JETXYPYM G #SZMWIV W
PSZIEWG TR PE GETX.
9R QEV# WYW'MRYX HI STX ^MPI, GY HSY^IGM #M GMRGM HI QMPI TEVGYVWI TI ^M
RI EHYWI TR WYF ^MHYVMPI JSVXVI'IM.
)VE YRE HMR EGIPI RST'M HI MEVR, R XMQTYP GVSVE YR EHTSWX #M YR JSG
WYRX S FMRIJEGIVI E 4VSZMHIR'IM #M FMI'MM RS#XVM WSPHE'M EM PMFIVX'MM, RJSQIXE'M,
EGSTIVM'M HI ^HVIR'I, GY QHYPEVIPI R'ITIRMXI HI JVMK, GY XVYTYP RKLI'EX HI
TPSEMI, TI S JYVXYR RKVS^MXSEVI GI RI RXSZV#MWI QEM XSX XMQTYP GX
QV#PYMWIQ, REMRXEY XGY'M WTVI JSVXYVMPI #M XVER#IIPI QTR^MXI HI
WERXMRIPI.
0E S QMG HMWXER' HI ^MHYVM, GEMM #I3PSV JYV PWE'M R TE^E YRYM
IWGEHVSR HI GEZEPIVMI, GSQERHEX HI GSPSRIPYP %QEVEM #M 3IGEM'I, EHYRRHY-#M
YPXMQIPI JSV'I, WI TVIKXM HI PYTX.
4EVSPE WERXMRIPIM JY WIQREPYP EWEPXYPYM; VI^MWXIR'E WI HSZIHM WPEF #M HI
WGYVX HYVEX TI ^MHYVM, MEV XYRYVMPI JSVXYPYM EFME XVEWIV. 0E SVE YRY #M
NYQXEXI HMQMRIE'E HHYVQ EWEPXYP, PE SVE HSY TYWIVQ WXTRMVI TI
XVER#II #M TI XVIM, TEXVY JSVXYVM GI PI T^IEY #M GEVI JYV PYEXI TVMRXV-YR EXEG PE
FEMSRIX.
7XTRM TI RXVIEKE XVER#II, WXTRM TI JSVXYVM, S HEX MRXVE'M R SVE#
TVIE GY RITYXMR' GE. )P W RI QEM WGETI. )M, FMRI! #M HI HEXE EWXE RI E#XITXE
GIIE GI TVIE GY RITYXMR'.
3 HEX ENYR#M TI ^MHYVM, TI WXV^MPI HMR 7ER NSWI, WSPHE'MM RS#XVM GVI^YV
G XSXYP WI WJV#MWI: GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI HMRXVI IM WI QTV#XMI EXVEW HI
QSQIEPE NEJYPYM. R XMQTYP EGIWXE, VIZIRM'M HMR WYVTVM^E PSV, MQTIVMEPMM WI
EHYREV RXV-YR GEVXMIV JSVXM3GEX EP SVE#YPYM. 2SM M EXEGEVQ EGSPS, HEV IM
VIWTMRWIV EXEGYP; #I3M GYXEY TVIXYXMRHIRM WSPHE'M WTVI E HE RSM EXEGYVM, HEV
GYXEY ^EHEVRMG, WEY GLMEV, HI-M RXPRIEY, IVEY 3I QTSZVE'M HI TVEH, 3I
FI'M, WEY GY TY#XMPI VYTXI WEY WXVMGEXI HI GX PSZMWIV WEY HMWXVYWIWIV TSV'MPI
GEWIPSV.
R GI-P TVMZIE, HY#QERYP RY-#M TMIVHIE XMQTYP: QEM QYPXI ZEWI HI V^FSM,
E4EXI R TSVX PYEV TS^M'MI, QTVS#IRH GY XMVYP PSV WXV^MPI TI GEVI RI E4EQ.
7-E GIVYX ENYXSV PE 6MS +VERHI HI 7YP, SVE# E#I^EX TI 'VQYP STYW PEGYPYM 0SW
4EXSW, R ZVIQI GI YR WMRKYV JSVX, TI GEVI RSM RIKPMNEWIQ W-P SGYTQ, WPYNIE
HVITX VIJYKMY MREQMGYPYM. 4VMQYP HMRXVI XSEXI JSVXYVMPI, GIP EP QTVEXYPYM, E
GVYM SGYTEVI RI GSWXEWI YR KPSVMSW #M YGMKXSV EWEPX, JY JGYX MRYXMP HI XIVMFMPE
I\TPS^MI E TYPFIVVMIM, GEVI RI YGMWI YR QEVI RYQV HI SEQIRM.
R WJV#MX, GIP QEM KPSVMSW HMRXVI XVMYQJYVM WI WGLMQFEWI GXVI EQME^ R
GIE QEM VY#MRSEW VIXVEKIVI; GIM QEM FVEZM TPRKIEY HI QRMI #M HI
HMWTIVEVI. R GSQTEVE'MI GY WMXYE'ME RSEWXV #M GY WJSV'VMPI JGYXI HI RSM,
TMIVHIVIE E JSWX MQIRW.
RGITRH HMR EGIWX QSQIRX, MRJERXIVME RSEWXV RY QEM JY HHGX YR
WGLIPIX; GX TVMZI#XI TY'MRE GEZEPIVMI GI ZIRMWI N8 I\TIHM'MI, IE WPYNM WTVI E
EGSTIVM VIXVEKIVIE.
(MZM^ME VIMRXV R PSGYMR'IPI IM HI PE &IPPE :MWXE, MEV IY EQ VQEW PE 7ER-
7MQSR GY QEVMRE.
8SEX XVYTE QIE WI VIHYWIWI PE ZVIS TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM, S3'IVM #M
WSPHE'M.
<<<--- %RMXE 1SXMZYP TPIGVMM QIPI PE 7ER-7MQSR EZIE GE WGST, HEG RY
GE VI^YPXEX, W TYR W WI GSRWXVYMEWG RM#XI FVGM JYVMXI HMRXV-YR WMRKYV
XVYRGLM HI GSTEG, GY ENYXSVYP GVSVE ZSMEQ W GSQYRMG GY S EPX TEVXI E
PEGYPYM. (EV R XMQTYP GIPSV GXIZE PYRM GX EQ VQEW EGSPS, GSTEGMM JKHYM'M
RY WI MZMV #M, TVMR YVQEVI, RMQMG HMR TPERYP RSWXVY RY TYXY W WI
RHITPMRIEWG. 7-E RXQTPEX G, RXVYGX QM-I KVSE^ HI XVRHZMI, R PSG W
Q SGYT HI FVGM, Q-EQ SGYTEX HI GEM. 0E 7ER-7MQSR WI E4EY, RXV-EHIZV, S
QYP'MQI HI GVPERM, GI WPYNMV W JEG HMR QEVMREVMM QIM, GPVI'M.
7ER-7MQSR IVE S JIVQ JSEVXI JVYQSEW #M RGTXSEVI, HI#M TI EXYRGM
TVWMX #M, R TEVXI, HMWXVYW; IE ETEV'MRIE YRYM GSRXI HI 7EQX-7MQSR, I\MPEX
SHMRMSEV, HYT GYQ GVIH, #M EM GVYM QS#XIRMXSVM IVEY IM R#M#M I\MPE'M GE
HY#QERM EM 6ITYFPMGMM. 2Y #XMY HEG IVE GYQZE VYH GY JEMQSWYP GSRXI HI
7EQX-7MQSR, RXIQIMIXSVYP EGIPIM VIPMKMM EM GVIM EHIT'M Q MRM'MEWIV R
GSWQSTSPMXMWQ #M R JVEXIVRMXEXI YRMZIVWEP.
(EV, TIRXVY QSQIRX, RXVYGX EGI#XM 7EMRX-7MQSRM HI EMGM IVEY TIRXKY
RSM HY#QERM, RI TYVXEVQ #M RSM GY JIVQE PSV GYQ XI TSV'M GY YR FYR GYGIVMX:
EHMG TYWIVQ WXTRMVI TI GEWI, WTVI E RI JEGI HMR IPI WPE#YVM, #M TI
ERMQEPI, WTVI E RI WIVZM HVITX LVER.
'X HIWTVI HMWXVEG'MM, IPI GSRWXEY HMR HSQIWXMGMVIE MITIPSV RSEWXVI WEY,
QEM HIKVEF, E GVPERMPSV HSQRMPSV HI 7EMRX-7MQSR.
%GSPS QM-E TYW R FVE'I WGYQTE QIE %RMXE TI TVMQYP RSWXVY RSY-RWGYX.
R PSG W-M HEY RYQIPI YRYM WJRX, M P-EQ HEX TI EGIPE EP YRYM QEVXMV. 7I
RYQI#XI 1IRSXXM.
7-E RWGYX PE 16 WITXIQFVMI 1840 #M E JSWX, HYT XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI,
GSRGITYX R ^MYE PYTXIM HI PE 7ERXE :MXXSVME. :IRMVIE PYM JV EGGMHIRX TI
EGIEWX PYQI IVE S EHIZVEX QMRYRI, HYT TVMZE'MYRMPI #M TVMQINHMMPI
RHYVEXI HI QEMI-WE. %GIWXI TVMZE'MYRM #M WYJIVMR'I HIWTVI GEVI R-EQ ZSVFMX
WTVI' E RY-QM RXVIVYTI TSZIWXMVIE, XVIFYMI W-#M E4I EGYQ PSGYP, R TYRGXYP PE
GEVI EQ ENYRW; #M IWXI TIRXVY QMRI YR EGX HI TMIXEXI W JEG GYRSWGYX, HEG
RY PYQMM, GIP TY'MR GIPSV G'MZE TVMIXIRM GI ZSV GMXM EGIWX NYVREP', 3MR'E
EHQMVEFMP TI GEVI EQ TMIVHYX-S.
%RMXE, GE RXSXHIEYRE, ZSMWI W Q RWS'IEWG #MQ RWS'MWI R
GEQTERME TI GEVI XSGQEM S JGYWI, #M TI GEVI WYRX TI GEPI W-S TSZIWXIWG.
2I EQMRXMQ G, YRM'M GY WIVVERMIRMM, GSQERHE'M HI GSPSRIPYP %VERLE, P-
EQ FXYX -E 7ERXE :MXXSVME TI FVMKEHMIVYP %GYRLE, R E#E JIP RGX HMZM^ME
MREQMG JY GY HIWZV#MVI HMWXVYW. R XMQTYP EGIWXIM PYTXI, %RMXE VQEWI
GPEVI R QMNPSGYP JSGYPYM, WTIGXEXSEVI E ZMGXSVMIM RSEWXVI #M E RJVRKIVMM
MQTIVMEPMPSV. R ^MYE EGIIE, IE JY TVSZMHIR'E VRM'MPSV -RYXMP W. 1EM VITIX G
EGIWX NYVREP RY JYWIWI WGVMW HIGX TIRXVY G'MZE TVMIXIRM, #M G E JSWX RIZSMI HI
MR4YIR'E GIPSV QEM ETVSTME'M TIRXVY GE +EVMFEPHM W QM-P RGVIHMR'I^I (%P.
(YQEW).
RS#XVM, GEM'I, RIEZRH RMGM GLMVYVK, RMGM EQFYPER', IVEY, HI FMRI, HI VY,
TERWE'M HI RSM R#MRI. %GIEWX ZMGXSVMI VIEHYWI, GIP TY'MR TIRXVY YR QSQIRX,
GIPI XVIM HITEVXEQIRXI, 0EKIW, :EGGEVME #M 'MQE HE 7IVVE, WYF EYXSVMXEXIE
6ITYFPMGMM #M EQ TSZIWXMX QEM REMRXI GYQ, HYT GXIZE ^MPI, MRXVEVQ
ZMGXSVMS#M R 0EKIW.
(EV RY WI RXQTP XSX PE JIP #M R PYTXE HI PE 'SVMXMFERM.
%Q TSZIWXMX GYQ, GY XSX GYVENYP PYM 8I\IMVE, GEZEPIVME RSEWXV JY RZMRW
#M GYQ, QTVIYR GY GIM #ETXI^IGM #M XVIM HI MRJERXIVM#XM EM QIM, EQ VQEW
QTVIWYVEX HI QEM FMRI HI GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM HMR GEZEPIVME MREQMG.
R ^MYE EGIIE %RMXE PY TEVXI PE GIPI QEM RXYRIGEXI TIM'MTI'MM EPI
V^FSMYPYM.
2IWYTYRRHY-WI HIGX GY VIKVIX VSPYPYM HI WMQTP WTIGXEXSEVI E PYTXIM,
IE KVFIE EHYGIVIE QYRM'MMPSV, XIQRHY-WI W RY PI PMTWIEWG PYTXXSVMPSV,
GEVXY#IPI; HEG RXV-EHIZV QYRM'MMPI RSEWXVI R-EV 3 JSWX. 6IRRSMXI, IPI W-EV 3
MWTVZMX R GYVRH #M EQ 3 RGIXEX JSGYP TI GEVI RI WMPIEQ W-P RXVI'MRIQ; IE
WI ETVSTMI R EGIWX WGST HI PSGYP TVMRGMTEP EP PYTXIM, GRH ZVIS HSY^IGM HI
GEZEPIVM#XM MREQMGM, YVQVMRHY-M TI G'MZE HMRXVI JYKEVM HHYV TIWXI WSPHE'MM
RS#XVM HI PE XVIRYP HI PYTX. 'PVIE' I\GIPIRX, #M GPVMRH YR GEP EHQMVEFMP,
%RMXE TYXIE W JYK #M W PI WGETI; HEV EGIWX TMITX HI JIQIMI RGLMHIE R IP S
MRMQ HI IVSY: R PSG W JYK, IE M HIXIVQMR TI WSPHE'MM RS#XVM W WI ETIVI #M
WI TSQIRM HMRXV-S HEX RGSRNYVEX HI MQTIVMEPM. 9R FVFEX W-EV 3 TVIHEX: IE
HHY TMRXIRM GEPYPYM #M, PYRHY-#M EZRX GY TYXIVI, XVIGY TVMR QMNPSGYP
HY#QERYPYM RITVMQMRH HIGX YR WMRKYV KPSR' R TPVMI, GEVI-M ^FVPM TVYP,
JV W-M EXMRK QGEV 'IEWXE. 4SEXI G EV 3 WGTEX, HEG RY M W-EV 3 TVFY#MX
GEPYP, PSZMX HI QSEVXI HI YR EPX KPSR'; XVI' FYM EXYRGM W WI TVIHIE #M JY HYW
HMREMRXIE GSPSRIPYPYM MREQMG.
(I YR GYVEN WYFPMQ R TVMQINHMI, %RMXE HIZIRIE #M QEM QVIE', HEG
EGIWX PYGVY I GY TYXMR', R RIRSVSGMVI; EWXJIP G, R TVI^IR'E EGIWXYM WXEX
QENSV YMQMX HI GYVENYP IM, HEV GEVI RY EZY FYRYP WMQ' W-#M EWGYRH HMREMRXIE
YRIM JIQIM SVKSPMYP ZMGXSVMIM, IE VIWTMRWI GY S QRHVMI EWTV #M HMWTVI'YMXSEVI
GIPI GXIZE GYZMRXI R GEVI M WI TVY G VWYR HMWTVI'YP JE' HI VITYFPMGERMM
RZMR#M #M PYTX PE JIP HI HV^ GY ZSVFE TVIGYQ PYTXEWI GY EVQIPI.
%RMXE Q GVIHIE QSVX. 'Y EGIEWX GVIHMR', GIVY #M SF'MRY RZSMVIE W
WI HYG R QMNPSGYP GEHEZVIPSV W-QM GEYXI XVYTYP TI GQTYP HI PYTX. :VIQI
RHIPYRKEX VXGM WMRKYV #M, EWIQIRIE YRIM YQFVI TI GQTME RWRKIVEX, P
GYX TI GIP TI GEVI WI XIQIE W-P RXPRIEWG, RXSVGRHY-M TI GIM G^Y'M GY
JE'E PE TQRX, GVSVE, HYT QFVGQMRXI WEY HYT WXEXYV, PI E4E ZVIS
EWIQREVI GY QMRI.
'YXEVIE JY ^EHEVRMG; HMQTSXVMZ, WSEVXE QM VI^IVZE QMI HYVIVIE HI
E-M YHE GY PEGVMQMPI QIPI SFVENMM IM RKLI'E'M; #M GRH EGIWX GLMR WYTVIQ Q
ENYRWI, RY QM WI RKHYM RMGM W EVYRG YR TYQR HI 'VR WEY W HITYR S
4SEVI TI QSVQRXYP QEQIM 3MPSV QIM!
(I RHEX GI JY ETVSETI WMKYM' G IY XVMEQ, %RMXE RY QEM EZY HIGX YR
KRH, EGIPE HI E JYKM; TVMPINYP RY RXV^MI W M WI MZIEWG. 4VS3XRH HI JETXYP
G HY#QERYP, ZMGXSVMSW, WI QFXEWI, IE MRXV RXV-S GEW ZIGMR GY GIE R GEVI
S 'MRIEY TVM^SRMIV, #M YRHI, JV W-S GYRSEWG, S JIQIMI S TVMQM #M EZY KVMN
HI IE. ,EMRE TI GEVI S EVYRGEWIQ HITEVXI HI QMRI WTVI E 3 QEM PMFIV R
QM#GVM, G^YWI R QRE YRYM HY#QER; IE S SF'MRY R WGLMQFYP LEMRIM WEPI QEM
JVYQSEW #M HI S ZEPSEVI QEM QEVI. :IRMRH RSETXIE, %RMXE WI RJYRH R
THYVI #M HMWTVY; XVIFYMI W EM S MRMQ #M HI PIY #M HI KE^IP, GE E EGIWXIM
JTXYVM W3RXI, TIRXVY E XI LE^EVHE EWXJIP. 2YQEM GIP GI E Z^YX MQIRWIPI
THYVM GI EGSTIV GVIWXIPI HI PE )WTMREW, GY TMRMM PSV WIGYPEVM, GI TEV WSVXM'M W
WYW'MR GIVYP #M GEVI WYRX TMPE#XVMM EGIWXYM WTPIRHMH XIQTPY EP REXYVMM, XVIWXMMPI
YVME#I GI YQTPY MRXIVZEPIPI HMRXVI IM, #M R GEVI QM#YR ERMQEPI JIVSGI #M
VITXMPI E GVSV QY#GXYV IWXI QSVXEP, RYQEM EGIPE TSEXI W-#M JEG S MHII
HIWTVI TVMQINHMMPI TI GEVI EZIE W PI RXQTMRI, HIWTVI KVIYX'MPI TI GEVI
EZIE W PI RZMRK. (MR JIVMGMVI, 3MGE WXITIPSV EQIVMGERI RY #XME GI-M JVMGE: HI
PE 'SVMXMFERM PE 0EKIW, EZIE HI JGYX HSY^IGM HI PIKLI TVMR GSHVM HI
RITXVYRW, JV EPMQIRXI; GYQ HI E WGSW-S PE GETX# 2YQEM (YQRI^IY #XMI.
4Y'MRMM PSGYMXSVM HMR EGIEWX TEVXI E TVSZMRGMIM TI GEVI IE TYXIE W-M
RXPRIEWG, IVEY SWXMPM VITYFPMGERMPSV #M RHEX GI EGI#XME E4EV HI
RJVRKIVIE RSEWXV, WI REVQEV #M TYWIV GETGERI R QEM QYPXI PSGYVM,
RHISWIFM TI HVYQYVMPI TI GEVI XVIFYMEY W PI YVQI^I JYKEVMM HI PE 'SVMXMFERM
PE 0EKIW.
R GEFIGEIW, EHMG R TV'MPI ETVSETI HI RIXVIGYX EPI EGIWXSV TSXIGM, E
EZYX PSG YR KVSE^RMG QGIP EP RIRSVSGM'MPSV RS#XVM XSZEV#M. %RMXE XVIGY
RSETXIE EGIWXI TWYVM TVMQINHMSEWI #M, 3I HEXSVMX WXIPIM IM FYRI, 3I LSXVVMM
EHQMVEFMPI GY GEVI PI WXVFXY RJ'M#EVIE IM M JGY RXSXHIEYRE TI YGMKE#M, W-
S ME PE KSER 3MRHG, WTYRIEY IM, JYWIWIV YVQVM'M HI S 3MR' QMWXIVMSEW.
RXV-EHIZV, IVE YR PYGVY GMYHEX W-S ZI^M TI EGIEWX ZMXIE^ GPEVI TI YR
EVQWEV R4GVE'M GIVYX #M HSFRHMX HMRXV-S GEW YRHI TVMQMWI K^HYMVI #M
EWXE; TI S RSETXI JYVXYRSEW, EZRXRHY-WI R KEPST, TVMRXVI WXRGM, PE PYQMRE
JYPKIVIPSV, #M ^KSQSXIPI XVWRIXYPYM, GGM E#E E JSWX GY EHIZVEX EGIEWX
RSETXI EHYGXSEVI HI RIRSVSGMVI. 4EXVY GPVI'M, E#I^E'M PE XVIGIVIE 4YZMYPYM
'ERSEW, S PYEV PE JYK PE ETEVM'ME EGIWXIM RPYGM, RTYWXMRHY-WI RHVXYP
XY3#YVMPSV HI TI QEPYP VYPYM; R ZVIQIE EWXE, %RMXE ENYRKIE, R WJV#MX, TI
QEPYP XSVIRXYPYM; XSVIRXYP, YQ4EX HI TPSM, GY ETIPI WTSVMXI HI TVEMIPI
GSFSVXI HMR QYR'M, HIZIRMWI YR 4YZMY; #M XSXY#M IE XVIGY EGIWX 4YZMY JYVMSW RY
GYQ JGYWI GY GXIZE ^MPI QEM REMRXI, RXV-S FEVG FYR, GM RSX, EK'EX HI
GSEQE GEPYPYM TI GEVI-P RGYVENE GY KPEWYP IM.
8SVIRXYP WI EVYRGE XYRRH, RY R WXVQXE PYM EPFMI, GM TI S RXMRHIVI HI
GMRGM WYXI HI TE#M. )M FMRI, XIEJV #M RIZXQEX, IE ENYRWI TI GIPPEPX 'VQ.
3 GIE#G HI GEJIE, RKLM'MX R KVEF R 0EKIW, JY XSX GI FY XIQIVEVE
GPXSEVI, HI-E PYRKYP GIPSV TEXVY ^MPI GX M XVIFYMV GE W ENYRK HMR YVQ PE
:EGGEVME, GSVTYP I\TIHM'MSREV EP GSPSRIPYPYM %VERLE. %GSPS RI-EQ VIRXPRMX,
%RMXE #M GY QMRI, HYT S HIWTV'MVI HI STX ^MPI, R GEVI 3IGEVI GVI^YWI HIWTVI
GIPPEPX G QYVMWI.
#M TSEXI SVMGMRI RGLMTYM GEVI RI-E JSWX FYGYVME.
)M FMRI, S #M QEM QEVI FYGYVMI Q E#XITXE R ^MYE GRH %RMXE QIE, R
TIRMRWYPE GI RGLMHI PEKYRE 0SW 4EXSW, HMRWTVI TEVXIE %XPERXMGYPYM, HHY
RE#XIVI, RXV-YR VRILS, YRHI TVMQMWI GIE QEM KIRIVSEW SWTMXEPMXEXI, MYFMXYPYM
RSWXVY 3Y 1IRSXXM.
'STMPYP ZIRM TI PYQI GY S GMGEXVMGI PE GET; EGIEWX GMGEXVMGI IVE
GSRWIGMR'E GHIVMM HI TI GEP WYJIVMX HI QEQE PYM.
"M EMGM, LI S HEX, VIRRSMIWG XSEXI QYP'YQMVMPI QIPI JE' HI SEQIRMM
EHQMVEFMPM GEVI RI-EY HEX SWTMXEPMXEXI; PI TWXVI^, W 3I RGVIHMR'E'M, S ZI#RMG
VIGYRS#XMR'. 4I IQTYP HI PYTX YRHI RSM HYGIEQ PMTW TR #M HI GIPI QEM
RIGIWEVI PYGVYVM #M YRHI WMKYV G R-E# 3 KWMX RMGM S FEXMWX GE W M-S HEY FMIXIM
PY^I, IE R-EV 3 TYXYX FMVYM EGIWX QSQIRX WYTVIQ, R GEVI JIQIME EVI RIZSMI
HI EXXE TYXIVI #M HI EXXE RKVMNMVI.
1 LSXVM XSXY#M, WTVI E-M ENYXE TI WGYQTMM QIM, RXVYGX PI PMTWIEY
EXXIE, W JEG S WGYVX GPXSVMI TR PE 7IXXIQFVMRE GE W GYQTV
QFVGQMRXI. %ZIEQ EGSPS TVMIXIRM FYRM #M TVMRXVI IM TI YRYP EHQMVEFMP RYQMX
&PMRKMRM; TSVRMM E#EHEV PE HVYQ, TIWXI GQTMMPI MRYRHEXI, YRHI ETE M ENYRKIE
GEPYPYM TR PE TRXIGI; XVIGYM TVMR QMNPSGYP YRYM GM QT EPXHEX GYPXMZEX,
RYQMX 6SWWE-:IPLE, YRHI P RXPRMM TI GTMXERYP HI PRGMIVM 1EWWMQS, GEVI Q
TVMQM GE TI YR FYR XSZEV#; IP WI E4E RXV-YR I\GIPIRX PSG HI MIVREX, TYW W
T^IEWG FMHMZMMM.
7SWMM EGSPS WIEVE, TI S TPSEMI XSVIR'MEP; E HSYE ^M, XMQTYP 3MRH PE JIP HI
VY, FYRYP GTMXER JGY XSX GI TYXY GE W Q VI'MR.
(EV HSVIEQ TVIE QYPX W-QM VIEPM^I^ WGSTYP TIRXVY GEVI TPIGEWIQ, GE
W Q STVIWG HMR HVYQ #M, R GMYHE XYXYVSV WJEXYVMPSV EGIWXYM FYR TVMIXIR, EQ
TSVRMX-S MEV TIWXI GQTMMPI EGIPIE GEVI WIQREY GY YR PEG RXMRW. 0E S
HITVXEVI HI GXIZE QMPI EQ EY^MX QTY#GXYVM TYXIVRMGI XSGQEM HMRWTVI
HMVIG'ME TI GEVI S TVWMWIQ; EQ EZYX YRIPI FRYMIPM TPMRI HI RIPMRM#XI, HEV RY
TYXIEQ W Q RXSVG RHVX.
7SWMM HIGM PE 7IXXIQFVMRE, HI YRHI GYQTVEM GXIZE SFMIGXI HI GEVI
EZIEQ RIZSMI; HYT GEVI, QIVIY RIPMRM#XMX HI EGIWXI QTY#GXYVM, S TSVRMM PE
HVYQ WTVI 7ER-7MQSR; XVIGRH MEV#M TI PE 6SWWE:IPLE, E4EM TVMGMRE
^KSQSXYPYM TI GEVI P EY^MWIQ #M XVMWXE RXQTPEVI TIXVIGYX GLMEV R ^MYE
TPIGVMM QIPI.
1SVMRUYI, EGIPE#M GEVI Q WYVTVMRWIWI PE 'EQEGY #M TI GEVI, QTVIYR
GY GIM TEMWTVI^IGI SEQIRM EM QIM P WMPMWIQ W FEX R VIXVEKIVI, GY YR FVE'
VYTX, 1SVMRUYI P WYM'TVMRWIWI TI GTMXERYP 1EWWMQS GY XS'M SEQIRMM WM #M GY
XSEXI ERMQEPIPI PSV, HMRXVI GEVI GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI IVEY GEM; GIM QEM FYRM
JYWIWIV QFEVGE'M, GIMPEP'M YGM#M. 1SVMRUYI I\IGYXEWI EGIEWX QERIZV HI
WYVTVMRHIVI GY ZEWI HI V^FSM #M GY MRJERXIVMI; HYT GEVI, QFEVGRHY-#M HMR
RSY MRJERXIVM#XMM, WI RHVITXEWI GY GEZEPIVME WE WTVI 6MS+VERHI HI 2SM'XI,
RWTMQRXRH R GEPIE PYM XSEXI QMGMPI GIXI VITYFPMGERI GEVI, GVI^RHY-WI R
WMKYVER' WI VWTRHMWIV TI EGIWX XIVMXSVMY; TVMRXVI IPI WI E4EY #M GIM G'MZE
QEVMREVM EM QIM GEVI JYV WMPM'M W WI VIJYKMI^I R THYVI.
4VMQYP QIY WXVMKX, GYQ IVE #M HI E#XITXEX, E JSWX: %RMXE! 'I W-E
RXQTPEX GY %RMXE#
%RMXE, E HSYWTVI^IGIE ^M HYT GI RWGYWI, WMPMX W WI VIJYKMI^I R
THYVI, TI S JYVXYR RKVS^MXSEVI, WI YVGEWI TI GEP, TI NYQXEXI KSEP, GY
FMIXYP IM GSTMP E#I^EX HI-E GYVQI^M#YP #IMM.
%#EHEV R-EQ KWMX PE VERGL RMGM TI %RMXE, RMGM TI FYRMM SEQIRM GEVI M
HHYWIV K^HYMVI; HEV M-EQ ENYRW PE QEVKMRIE YRIM THYVM, YRHI WI STVMWIV,
RI#XMMRH TVIE FMRI YRHI WI E4 HY#QERYP #M HEG QEM XVIFYMEY W WI XIEQ
HI GIZE.
2I-EQ VIRXSVW PE 7ER-7MQSR #M EQ QEM VQEW EGSPS GXZE XMQT; ETSM
RI-EQ WXVQYXEX XEFVE #M EQ WXEFMPMX-S TI 'VQYP WXRK EP 4YZMYPYM 'ETMZEVM,
EHMG TI EGIPE#M 4YZMY TI GEVI, GY YR ER QEM REMRXI, RI WXVHYMEQ W RI
XVERWTSVXQ GY GEVIPI, ZEWIPI TIRXVY I\TIHM'ME HI PE 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE,
I\TIHM'MI GI WI WJV#MWI EXX HI VY.
:EM! MRMQE QM FXYWI EGSPS TPMR HI WTIVER'I GEVI WI WTYPFIVEWIV R
GLMT EXX HI XVMWX!
'ETMZEVM WI JSVQIE^ HMR HMJIVMXI TVEMI M^ZSM'XS HMR RYQIVSEWIPI PEGYVM
GI QTSHSFIWG TEVXIE WITXIRXVMSREP E TVSZMRGMIM 6MS-+VERHI TI 'VQYVMPI
QVMM #M TI ZIVWERXYP HI VWVMX EP PER'YPYM QYR'MPSV )WTMREWS; IP #M ME RYQIPI
HI PE GETMREVE, YR JIP HI XVIWXMM JSEVXI VWTRHMXI R %QIVMGE QIVMHMSREP; R
GSPSRMM IPI WI RYQIWG GETMRIMSW.
(I PE 'ETMZEVM #M HI PE 7ERKVEHSV HI %FVIY, TI YR GEREP GI WIVZI#XI
HVITX GEPI HI GSQYRMGE'MI RXVI S QPE#XMR #M YR PEG TI GEVI WXVRWIWIQ RM#XI
FVGM RIRGLMTYMX, HI QTSZVEXI, EQ JGYX GXIZE GPXSVMM TI GSEWXE
SGGMHIRXEP E PEGYPYM, WXEFMPMRH PIKXYVE RXVI GIPI HSY QEPYVM, #M XVERWTSVXQH
HIPPE KIRXI1.
<<<-: 6MHMGEVIE EWIHMYPYM.
6SWWIXXM R ZVIQIE EWXE WMXYE'ME EVQEXIM VITYFPMGERI WI RVYX'IE
HMR ^M R ^M; PMTWYVMPI HIZIRIEY XSX QEM QEVM, MEV VIWYVWIPI XSX QEM QMGM; GIPI
HSY FXPMM, HI PE 8EUYEVM #M HI PE 7ER .SWI HI 2SVXI, HIGMQEWIV MRJERXIVME,
GEVI, HI#M TY'MR RYQIVSEW, IVE RIVZYP STIVE'MYRMPSV EWIHMYPYM. 1EVMPI PMTWYVM
HYWIWIV PE HI^IVXEVI; TSTYPE'ME, GYQ WI RXQTP R EGIWXI V^FSEMI TVIE
QYPX TVIPYRKMXI, SFSWM; FSEPE MRHMJIVIR'IM, GIE QEM VIE HMRXVI XSEXI, S GYTVMRWI
#M 3IGEVI HMR TV'M WMQ'IE G ZIRMWI QSQIRXYP W WI WJV#IEWG SHEX.
R EGIEWX WXEVI HI PYGVYVM MQTIVMEPMM JGYV TVSTYRIVM HI GSQTVSQMW,
GEVI, HI#M VIPEXMZ EZERXENSEWI TIRXVY VITYFPMGERM, JYV VIWTMRWI: EGIWX VIJY^
JGY W GVIEWG RIQYP'YQMVIE TV'MM GIPIM QEM RIRSVSGMXI, #M TVMR YVQEVI E
GIPIM QEM SFSWMXI HMR EVQEX #M E TSTSVYPYM; R WJV#MX, WI LSXV GE EWIHMYP W
3I VMHMGEX #M W WI WYRI VIXVEKIVIE.
(MZM^ME 'EREZEVVS, HMR GEVI JGIEY TEVXI QEVMREVMM, JY EPIEW WTVI E
RGITI QM#GEVIE #M E HEWGLMHI XVIGIVMPI TVMR QYR'MM SGYTE'M HI KIRIVEPYP
0EFEXXYI, JVERGI^ HMR WIVZMGMYP QTVEXYPYM. &IRXS +SR^EPIW, GY VIWXYP EVQEXIM,
EV QV#PYM YPXMQYP #M EV JSVQE EVMIVKEVHE.
+EVRM^SERE VITYFPMGER HI PE 7IXXIQFVMRE XVIFYME W-P YVQI^I #M W
QV#PYMEWG HYT IP; HEV IE RY TYXY W I\IGYXI EGIEWX QERIZV, GGM JY
WYVTVMRW HI JEMQSWYP 1SVMRUYI; SVE#YP JY GYGIVMX.
%GSPS JY YGMW WGYQTYP QIY 6SWWIXXM.
'^YX HI TI GEP, HYT GI JGYWI QMRYRM HI ZMXINMI, VRMX KVEZ, WSQEX W
WI TVIHIE, IP TVIJIV W 3I SQSVX HIGX W-#M HIE WEFME.
RG S VER KVIE TIRXVY MRMQE QIE. 1-E'M EY^MX ZSVFMRH RY S WMRKYV
HEX HIWTVI 6SWWIXXM; WI #XMI GX P MYFIEQ; W-QM 3I RKHYMX HIGM, SVMGX HI
RIENYXSVEX QM-EV 3 TERE, W-M WTYR RG S HEX -XEPMIM GIIE GI M-EQ QEM WTYW-
S HI EXXIE SVM:
3, -XEPMI! QEMGE QIE, RSM EQ TMIVHYX, IY, TI YRYP HMR JVE'MM QIM GIM
QEM WGYQTM, XY, TI YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM KIRIVS#M 3M EM XM!
6SWWIXXM IVE YR 3Y EP +IRSZIM. *YWIWI LV^MX FMWIVMGMM HI RM#XI TVMR'M
GEVI-M GYRS#XIEY TVIE TY'MR 3VIE; IVE YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM R4GVE'M
TEXVMS'M'MXEPMIRM TI GEVI M-EQ GYRSWGYX ZVISHEX. RGPMREX WTVI S ZME'
EZIRXYVSEW #M RITYXRH VIWTMVE R -XEPME, IP TPIG WTVI 6MS HI .ERIMVS, YRHI
JGY, GRH GSQIV', GRH QMWMXMI; HEV 6SWWIXXM RY IVE RWGYX W 3I RIKYWXSV,
IVE S TPERX I\SXMG, S TPERX GVIME RY-M TVME TQRXYP WTIGYPE'MMPSV
GSQIVGMEPI #M EP GEPGYPYPYM; RY G 6SWWIXXM R-EV 3 JSWX S MRXIPMKIR' 3R #M S
REXYV GETEFMP W WI QFSK'IEWG GY XSEXI GYRS#XMR'IPI; RIRHSMSW G R
XSEXI PYGVYVMPI, IP TYXIE W EWTMVI PE TVMQYP VERK; HEV 6SWWIXXM IVE GIP QEM
MXEPMER HMRXVI XS'M MXEPMIRMM, EHMG GIP QEM KIRIVSW #M GIP QEM VMWMTMXSV HMRXVI
SEQIRM. RW GY EWXJIP HI ZMGMM GSQIVGMEPI, RY JEGM EZIVI, GM QIVKM GY TE#M
YVME#M WTVI VYMR.
%WXJIP WI RXQTP #M GY 6SWWIXXM. @TEV &YR GY XS'M, GEWE PYM IVE GEWE
XYXYVSV, RHISWIFM E MXEPMIRMPSV RIRSVSGM'M. 2-E#XITXE GE TVSWGVM#MM W ZMR W-P
GEYXI, QIVKIE IP R RXQTMREVIE PSV; EWX* JIP G R GYVRH WI TSQIRM PE
GETXYP VIWYVWIPSV 2IJIVMGMX IP RWY#M, EGIEWX MRMQ HI RKIV RY TYXIE W
ZEH YR MXEPMER WYJIVMRH; HEG RY TYXIE W-P ENYXI GY TYRKE, M GIVIE W
E#XITXI R FMEXE PYM GSPMF, FXIE WXV^MPI SVE#YPYM #M RY WI RXSVGIE RETSM JV
YR WTVMNMR TIRXVY GIP GI-P E#XITXE; IWXI EHIZVEX G FYRXEXIE, JVERGLI'IE,
PIEPMXEXIE WE P JGYWIV TVMIXIRYP PYQMM RXVIKM #M G, R KIRIVSEWIPI PYM
RGYVGXYVM, XSEX PYQIE P ENYXE GY TPGIVI.
7I HHY FXPME HI PE 8EVMJE, R GEVI VITYFPMGERMM JYV RZMR#M HI GXVI
MQTIVMEPM; &IRXS +SR^EPIW #M #I3M TVMRGMTEPM JYV JGY'M TVM^SRMIVM #M HY#M E 6MS
HI .ERIMVS. 4VMRXVI IM WI E4E #M GTMXERYP RSWXVY >EQFIGGEVM, TI GEVI P-EQ
GYRSWGYX, HYT GYQ EQ TSZIWXMX, R RGLMWSVMPI HI PE 7ERXE 'VY^.
7I ZSVFIE W TPIGQ RXV-S I\TIHM'MI HI TMVE'M, W RM WI RGVIHMR'I^I
WGVMWSVM HI QTYXIVRMGMVI; HMR EGIP QSQIRX 6SWWIXXM #M GY QMRI R-EQ QEM E4EX
PMRM#XI TR GI RY RI-EQ EZRXEX TI MQIRWMXEXIE 3GIERYPYM, WYF TEZMPMSR
VITYFPMGER. 6SWWIXXM PY EWYTVE PYM XSXYP #M EXMRWI 'MRXE TI GEVI RI-S
TVSTYWIWIQ.
6IWXYP WI #XMI, HISEVIGI, RGITRH HMR EGIP QSQIRX, R-EQ QEM JSWX
WPFM'M HMR SGLM.
:EM! 2Y I\MWX RMGM YR GSP' HI TQRX YRHI W RY WI SHMLRIEWG SEWIPI
ZVIYRYM MXEPMER KIRIVSW; HI EWXE -XEPME R-EV XVIFYM W WI FYGYVI, GM, HMQTSXVMZ,
W WI QFVEGI R HSPMY. 3, FMEX -XEPMI! XY PI ZIM WMQ'M GY EHIZVEX PMTWE HSEV R
^MYE GRH ZIM RGIVGE W WQYPKM GEHEZVYP XY GSVFMPSV GEVI-P HIZSVIE^.
<<<: 0E 4MGEHE 0EW %RXEW %GIEWX VIXVEKIVI IJIGXYEX R ERSXMQTYP
MIVRMM, RXV-S 'EV QYRXSEW #M TI S TPSEMI RIRGIXEX, JY GIE QEM GYQTPMX #M
QEM HI^EWXVYSEW TI GEVI EQ Z^YX-S ZVISHEX.
(YGIEQ GY RSM, RWYQRH XSEXI TVSZM^MMPI, GXIZE ZEGM R PER', #XMMRH HI
QEM REMRXI G R-EZIEQ W KWMQ RMGM YR ERMQEP FYR TIRXVY LVER R HVYQYP
TI GEVI EZIEQ W-P WXVFEXIQ.
(I#M VIXVKRHY-RI RSM R#MRI, YVQVIEQ HMZM^ME KIRIVEPYPYM 0EFEXXYI,
RW JV W S TYXIQ ENYRKI ZVISHEX. 2YQEM WIPZEKMIRMM, PSGYMXSVMM THYVMPSV,
QERMJIWXRHY-#M WMQTEXME JE' HI RSM, M EXEGEV EZERKEVHE. --EQ Z^YX HI
ETVSETI TI EGI#XM SEQIRM EM REXYVMM #M IM RY RI-EY JSWX SWXMPM.
R XMQTYP EGIWXIM VIXVEKIVM HI XVIM PYRM, %RMXE MRHYV XSX GIIE GI WI TSEXI
SQIRI#XI RHYVE, JV W-#M HIE WY4IXYP. %L! XSXYP! RHYV XSXYP GY YR WXSMGMWQ
#M GY YR GYVEN HI RIHIWGVMW.
8VIFYMI W GYRS#XM GX HI GX THYVMPI HMR EGIEWX TEVXI E &VE^MPMIM,
TIRXVY E-'M TYXIE JEGI S MHII HIWTVI PMTWYVMPI RHYVEXI HI S XVYT PMTWMX HI
QMNPSEGI HI XVERWTSVX, RIEZRH EPX GEPI HI E WI ETVSZM^MSRE HIGX PEWWS-YP, S
EVQ JSEVXI YXMP TI GQTMMPI XMGWMXI HI ZMXI WEY HI ZREX QEVI, HEV GY
HIWZV#MVI MRYXMP R EGIWXI THYVM HIWI, EHIZVEXI EHTSWXYVM TIRXVY PIM #M
XMKVM.
'E S GYPQI E RIRSVSGMVMM, 4YZMMPI JSEVXI RYQIVSEWI TVMR EGIWXI THYVM
ZMVKMRI, WI YQ4EY TIWXI QWYV. (MR TVMGMRE TPSMM RKVS^MXSEVI GEVI RI
YVQVIE TIWXI XSX, RIGSRXIRMX, EHIWISVM S TEVXI HMR XVYTIPI RSEWXVI WI
TSQIRIE RGLMW RXVI HSY GYVWYVM HI ET, VQRRH EGSPS PMTWMX HI SVMGI
LVER. %XYRGM, JSEQIE, EVXRHY-#M GSP'MM, TYVGIHIE PE YR QGIP TVMRXVI JIQIM
#M GSTMM #M QEM NEPRMG HIGX GIP TI GEVI P-EV 3 TYXYX JEGI KPSER'IPI #M KLMYPIPIPI.
&MEXE RSEWXV MRJERXIVMI IVE TVEHE YRSV WYJIVMR'I #M E YRSV TVMZE'MYRM GI
RY TSX 3 HIWGVMWI, GGM R-EZIE, E#E GYQ M WI RXQTP GEZEPIVMIM, TSWMFMPMXEXIE
W-#M QRRGI GEMM. 4Y'MRI JIQIM #M QEM TY'MRM GSTMM RG M^FYXMV W MEW HMR
THYVI. 4Y'MRMM G'M WGTEV JYV WEPZE'M HI GEZEPIVM#XMM GEVI, EZRH RSVSGYP W-
#M TWXVI^I GEMM, WI QMPSWXMZMWIV HI EGIWXI FMIXI QMGM JTXYVM TVWMXI HI
QEQIPI PSV QSEVXI WEY QYVMFYRHI HI JSEQI, HI JVMK #M HI SFSWIEP.
%RMXE WI GYXVIQYVE PE KRHYP HI E-P TMIVHI TI 1IRSXXM EP RSWXVY TI GEVI
RY P-EQ WEPZEX, HI EPXJIP, HIGX TVMRXV-S QMRYRI. R PSGYVMPI GIPI QEM
TVMQINHMSEWI EPI HVYQYPYM #M PE XVIGIVIE 4YZMMPSV, P TYVXEQ TI FMIXYP GSTMP, R
ZVWX HI XVIM PYRM, EXVREX HI KXYP QIY RXV-S FEWQE; R GLMTYP EGIWXE,
TYXIEQ W-P RGP^IWG GY VWY4EVIE QIE. (MRXV-S HY^MR HI ERMQEPI, GEM #M
GEXVM, GI MRXVEWIV GY QMRI R THYVI, EXX TIRXVY WIVZMGMYP QIY GX #M EP
IGLMTENYPYM QIY, VQWIWIQ RYQEM GY HSM GEXVM #M GY HSM GEM; GIMPEP'M
G^YWIV QSV'M HI JSEQI WEY ^HVSFM'M HI SFSWIEP. 'YPQI E RIRSVSGMVMM,
GPY^IPI TMIVHYWIV HVYQYP #M EWXE JY TVMRGMTEPE GEY^ E WYJIVMR'IPSV RSEWXVI
RHYVEXI R KVSE^RMGE THYVI 0EW %RXEW 1.
'Y GX QIVKIEQ QEM QYPX, GY EXX QEM TY'MR ZIHIEQ ETVSTMMRHY-WI
WJV#MXYP EGIWXIM FPIWXIQEXI TMGEHI: EQ VQEW TR PE YVQ QTVIYR GY HSM
GEXVM, KVSE^RMG HI SFSWM'M, TI GEVI RHNHYMEQ W-M WEPZI^, WMPMRHY-M W
REMRXI^I QIVKRH PE TEW #M LVRMRHY-M GY JVYR^I HI XEUYEVE, RM#XI XVIWXMM HI PE
GEVI #M-EY PYEX RYQIPI XEUYEVMM. R ZVIQIE EWXE, EQ XVMQMW-S TI %RMXE REMRXI
GY YR WIVZMXSV #M GY GSTMPYP, GE W GEYXI MI#MVIE HMR EGIEWX THYVI JV WJV#MX
#M W RGIVGI W KWIEWG #M TY'MR LVER.
'IM HSM GEM TI GEVI M PWEWIQ %RMXIM, GPVM'M TI VRH HI GYVENSEWE
JIQIMI, RI WEPZEV TI XS'M. )E KWM, R WJV#MX, GETXYP THYVMM #M, PE GETXYP
THYVMM, YR TMGLIX EP FVEZMPSV QIM WSPHE'M, GY YR JSG ETVMRW, GIIE GI RY IVE HI
PSG SFM#RYMX TI S EWXJIP HI TPSEMI.
8SZEV#MM QIM, GEVI, HMR JIVMGMVI, #M TWXVEWIV RM#XI LEMRI HI PR,
RJ#YVEV GSTMPYP R IPI, P RGP^MV #M-P VIEHYWIV PE ZME', GRH FMEXE PYM
QEQ RGITYWI W-#M TMEVH SVMGI RHINHI. (EV EWXE R-E JSWX XSXYP: EGI#XM
SEQIRM EHQMVEFMPM WI ETYGEV W GEYXI, TPMRM HI S GEPH RHEXSVMVI, GXIZE
EPMQIRXI TI GEVI RY PI-EV 3 GYXEX TIRXVY IM, GM HSEV HMR HVEKSWXI TIRXVY
QMRI, #M GY ENYXSVYP GVSVE M-EQ QEM RXVIQEX TY'MR TI QEQ #M TI GSTMP.
'IP GEVI PI-E EHYW TVMQIPI #M GIPI QEM I3GEGI ENYXSEVI WI RYQIE
1ER^MS: FMRIGYZRXEX W-M 3I RYQIPI!
1 XVYHMWIQ ^EHEVRMG W-QM WEPZI^ GIM HSM GEM; TR PE YVQ Q-EQ
Z^YX WMPMX W TVWIWG FMIXIPI ERMQEPI RYGMXI #M HI-EFME MGRMRH #M, ^HVSFMX IY
RWYQM HI SFSWIEP, W JEG, TI NSW, VIWXYP HVYQYPYM TVMR THYVI.
R EGIIE#M ^M, QM-EQ VIKWMX WS'ME #M GSTMPYP #M EQ E4EX XSX GI JGYWIV
XSZEV#MM QIM TIRXVY IM.
(YT RSY ^MPI HI PE MRXVEVIE R THYVI, VIWXYP HMZM^MIM RSEWXVI HI EFME
MI#IE HMR IE. (SEV TY'MRM S3'IVM M^FYXMWIV W-#M WEPZI^I GEMM. -REQMGYP, GEVI RI-
S PYEWI REMRXI, JYKMRH HMR JE'E RSEWXV, PWEWI R TMGEHE HSY XYRYVM; HEV,
XVIGRH TI PRK IPI, EFME HI PI-EQ RZVIHRMGMX GY S TVMZMVI. 1MNPSEGIPI HI
XVERWTSVX RI PMTWIEY #M, JV RHSMEP XYRYVMPI WI QEM E4 #M EGYQ R EGIPE#M PSG
YRHI PI-EQ Z^YX PE XVIGIVIE RSEWXV.
*YVXYRMPI TVIEY W WI PMQMXI^I PE THYVI. (I GYQ MI#MVQ HMR IE,
ETVSTMMRHY-RI HI 'MQE HE 7IVVE #M :EGGEVME, ZVIQIE HIZIRM JVYQSEW #M
G'MZE FSM GI RI TMGEV R QR #M RI VWTPXMV HI RHIPYRKEXYP RSWXVY TSWX,
RI JGYV W YMXQ SFSWIEPE, JSEQIE #M TPSEME.
%Q VQEW R HITEVXEQIRXYP :EGGEVME GXIZE ^MPI, W E#XITXQ HMZM^ME PYM
&IRXS +SR^EPIW, GI RI ENYRWI HMR YVQ, R HI^SVHMRI #M VIHYW PE S XVIMQI.
*ETX I G RISFSWMXYP 1SVMRKYI, MRJSVQEX HI VIXVEKIVIE EGIWXIM HMZM^MM, S
TSVRMWI R YVQVMVIE EVMIVKEVHIM WEPI, JV E S WPFM GXY#M HI TY'MR, EXEGRH-S
GY SVMGI TVMPIN, YRMRHY-WI, TIRXVY EGIEWX STIV HI HMWXVYKIVI, GYSEQIRMM HI
PE QYRXI, ZI#RMG SWXMPM VITYFPMGERMPSV. 8SEXI EGIWXIE M HHYV PYM 0EFEXXYI
XMQTYP W-#M VIEPM^I^I VIXVEKIVIE, ETSM NSRG'MYRIE WE GY EVQEXE MQTIVMEP; HEV,
HYT EGIEWX NSRG'MYRI, HI-EFME HI QEM EZIE GXIZE WYXI HI SEQIRM R YVQE
PYM; EGIPIE#M RIENYRWYVM TI GEVI PI RHYVEWIVQ RSM, PI RXQTMREWI #M IP.
(Y#QERYP, R EJEV HI EWXE, EZY HI RZMRW YR SFWXEGSP RITVIZ^YX #M TI GEVI P
RSXI^ HMR TVMGMRE GMYH'IRMIM WEPI.
+IRIVEPYP 0EFEXXYI, XVIFYMRH W XVEZIVWI^I R HVYQYP PYM HSY THYVM
RYQMXI (SW 1EXXSW, KWM R QMNPSUYP PSV GXIZE HMR XVMFYVMPI MRHMKIRI GYRSWGYXI
WYF RYQIPI HI FYKVIW, GEVI WYRX GIPI QEM WPFEXMGI HMR GXI WI GYRSWG R
&VE^MPME. %GIWXI XVM-; FYVM, E4RH HI XVIGIVIE MQTIVMEPMPSV, M EXEGEV R XVIM WEY
TEXVY VRHYVM #M PI G#YREV XSX VYP GY TYXMR'. 'X HIWTVI RSM, IM RY RI-EY
XYPFYVEX HI PSG #M, HI#M TI HVYQ WI E4EY RIRYQVEXI GETGERI HMR. %GIPIE TI
GEVI MRHMIRMM PI E#E^ R GEPIE HY#QERMPSV, R PSG GE IPI W 3I EWGYRWI WYF
MEVF WEY VEQYVM, IVEY HIWGSTIVMXI #M, TVMR YVQEVI, RMGMYRE TVMQINHMSEW.
R XMQTYP WGYVXIM STVMVM TI GEVI S JGYVQ PE QEVKMRIE YRYME HMR EGI#XM
GSHVM YVME#M, Z^YVQ MI#MRH HMR WMLP S JIQIMI GEVI, R XMRIVI'IE IM, JYWIWI
VTMX HI WPFEXMGM #M TVS3XEWI HI ZIGMRXEXIE RSEWXV GE W JYK.
&MEXE JTXYV IVE RXV-S WXEVI NEPRMG.
(ISEVIGI RSM RY QEM EZIEQ RMGM YR HY#QER HI GEVI W JYKMQ WEY TI
GEVI W-P YVQVMQ R EGIWXI VIKMYRM REPXI, RI GSRXMRYEVQ QEV#YP, R IXETI
WGYVXI, I EHIZVEX, GGM RI PMTWIEY GY HIWZV#L'I GEMM, #M XVIFYME W
QFPR^MQ QRNM, TI HVYQ.
'SVTYP PRGMIVMPSV VITYFPMGERM 3MRH GY HIWZV#MVI HIWGSQTPIXEX, JY WMPMX
W WI VIJEG RPSGYMRH GEMM GY QRNM.
7TIGXEGSPYP RIKVMPSV XMRIVM #M VSFY#XM, HMRXVI GEVI 3IGEVI QIVMXE ITMXIXYP
HI QFPR^MXSV HI GEM, ITMXIX TI GEVI :IVKMPMY P H PYM 4IPSTW, IVE WTPIRHMH,
QIVIY RSY, HI#M WI VITIXE ^MPRMG. 8VIFYME W-M ZI^M TI EGI#XM WPFEXMGM GSTMM EM
WXITIPSV, GI RY GYRS#XIEY ^FEPE, #EYE #M TMRXIRYP WVMRH, EK'RHY-WI HI
GSEQE QRNMPSV #M RZVXMRHY-WI GY IM TI GQTMITR GI, WYTYRRHY-WI
SQYPYM, TEXVYTIHYP WI HIGPEVE RZMRW.
(EV PYTXE IVE PYRK; ERMQEPYP RY WI TVIHE HIGX HYT GI JGYWI XSEXI
WJSV'VMPI GE W WGETI HI XMVERYP PYM; SQYP, PE VRHYP WY, EHQMVEFMP R GI
TVMZI#XI RHIQREVIE, TYXIVIE #M GYVENYP, EXIRX PE XSEXI QM#GVMPI ERMQEPYPYM,
WXVRKRHY-P RXVI TYPTI GE RXV-YR GPI#XI, WVMRH, VSWXSKSPMRHY-WI #M VMHMGRHY-
WI S HEX GY IP, RY-M HHIE HVYQYP HIGX EXYRGM GRH, PEG HI WYHSEVI, EPF HI
WTYQ, JVIQXRH HMR TMGMSEVI, GEPYP IVE QFPR^MX.
8VIM ^MPI M WYRX HI ENYRW YRYM FYR QFPR^MXSV HI GEM WTVI E-M TYRI ^FEPE
GLMEV #M GIPYM QEM RVZE# ERMQEP.
(EV VEVISVM M^FYXIWG WSPHE'MM W QFPR^IEWG QRNMM GYQ XVIFYMI, QEM
EPIW R XMQTYP QEV#YVMPSV GRH RIRYQVEXIPI PSV SGYTE'MM M QTMIHMG TI EGI#XM
QFPR^MXSVM W PI HIE XSEXI RKVMNMVMPI RIGIWEVI.
-'3 3 HEX XVIGY'M HI 1EXXSW, WXVFXYVQ TVSZMRGME 1MWWMSRIW,
RHVITXRHY-RI WTVI 'VY^-%PXE, GETMXEPE EGIWXIM QMGM TVSZMRGMM; ETSM HI PE 'VY^-
%PXE QV#PYMVQ WTVI 7ER-+EFVMIP, YRHI JY WXEFMPMX GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP #M YRHI
WI GSRWXVYMV FEVGMPI TIRXVY XEFVE EVQEXIM.
"EWI ERM HI ZME' TPMR HI EZIRXYVM #M HI TVMQINHMM RY Q SFSWMWIV
EXXE ZVIQI GX JYWIWIQ WMRKYV; HEV EGYQ, GRH EZIEQ S QMG JEQMPMI,
EGIEWX HIWTV'MVI HI XSEXI ZIGLMPI QIPI GYRS#XMR'I, JETXYP G HYT EX'ME ERM
RY #XMEQ RMQMG HIWTVI TVMR'MM QIM, JGYV W WI REWG R QMRI HSVMR'E HI E
Q ETVSTME HI YR PSG YRHI #XMVMPI HIWTVI XEXP #M QEQE QIE W-QM TSEX
TEVZIRM; S ZVIQI JYWIWIQ R WXEVI W-QM RGLMH R MRMQ XSEXI EGIWXI GEPHI
WMQ'QMRXI, HEV IPI WI EHYREWIV #M EGYQE #M GIVIEY HVITXYP. %HYKE'M PE
EWXE G RY QEM #XMEQ RMQMG RMGM HIWTVI GIEPEPX QEQ, GEVI WI RYQI#XI -XEPME!
*EQMPME IWXI TYXIVRMG, HEV MTEXVME IWXI HI RIRZMRW.
1 LSXVM, E#EHEV, W Q RXSVG PE 1SRXIZMHIS, GIP TY'MR TIRXVY GXZE
XMQT #M-M GIVYM ZSMI TVI#IHMRXIPYM, GY TIVQMWMYRIE XSXSHEX HI E-QM EPGXYM S
QMG GMVIEH HI FSM, HMR E GVSV ZR^EVI, YRYP GXI YRYP, XVIFYME W WGSX FERMM
GY GEVI, HI-E PYRKYP RXVIKYPYM HVYQ, W TSX JEGI JE' GLIPXYMIPMPSV.
<<<:- 'SRHYGXSV HI FSM -EX-Q HIGM XVYTTMIVI, EHMG GSRHYGXSV HI
FSM.
'E YVQEVI, RXV-S JIVQ RYQMX HIP 'SVVEP HI 4IHVEW, EQ M^FYXMX, GY
EYXSVM^E'ME QMRMWXVYPYM HI 3RER'I, W WXVRK R HSY^IGM HI ^MPI #M GY S XVYH
HI RIHIWGVMW, ZVIS RSY WYXI HI ERMQEPI; EGIWXI ERMQEPI IVEY GY HIWZV#MVI
WPFEXMGI. 3 #M QEM QEVI SWXIRIEP Q E#XITXE RW R XMQTYP HVYQYPYM, TI
GEVI EQ RXPRMX SFWXEGSPI ETVSETI HI RIXVIGYX; IGP QEM QEVI HMRXVI XSEXI JY
6MS-2IKVS, YRHI IVE GX TI-EGM W ZH VMWMTMRHY-WI XSX GETMXEPYP QIY. (I
TIVMGSPYP XVIGIVMM 4YZMYPYM, HI PMTWE QIE HI I\TIVMIR' R RSYE QIWIVMI, #M, QEM
EPIW HI LS'ME YRSV GETMXE^ QIVGIREVM, ERKENE'M HI QMRI HVITX GSRHYGXSVM, EQ
WEPZEX ETVSETI GMRGM WYXI SI' ZMXI, GEVI, HEX 3MRH LVERE TVSEWX, HVYQYP PYRK
#M SFSWIEPE XVEZIVWVMPSV, EY JSWX WSGSXMXI MRGETEFMPI W ENYRK PE HIWXMRE'MI.
,SXVM TVMR YVQEVI W PI SQSV, W PI NYTSM #M WE PI ZRH TMIMPI, STIVE'MI
HYT GEVI, GLIPXYMIPMPI (G) HEX WGSEWI, QM VQEWI ZVIS WYX HI QSRIHI GI-
QM WPYNIEY W JEG JE' RIZSMPSV YVKIRXI EPI JEQMPMIM.
%MGM XVIFYMI W GSRWIQRI^ S RXPRMVI GI-QM EHYWI TI YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM
WGYQTM, GIM QEM FYXMM #M GIM QEM HVEKM TVMIXIRM EM QIM.
:EM! RG YRYP GEVI W-E HYW W E#XITXI RXV-EPX PYQI, QEM FYR,
IPMFIVEVIE -XEPMIM.
E 4I GRH Q ETVSTMEQ HI 7ER +EFVMIP, R VIXVEKIVIE TI GEVI XSGQEM S
I\IGYXEQ, EY^MWIQ ZSVFMRHY-WI HIWTVI YR S3'IV MXEPMER GE HIWTVI YR WTMVMX
QEVI, S MRMQ QEVI, YR QEVI MRWXVYMX, GEVI, WYVKLMYRMX HVITX GEVFSREV, WI
PYTXEWI R *VER'E, PE 5 MYRMI 1832, ETSM PE 3TSVXS, R XMQTYP PYRKYPYM EWIHMY GI-
M EHYWIWI EGIWXYM SVE# RYQIPI HI RILZZMRW #M GEVI, R WJV#MX, WMPMX GE #M QMRI
W TEV WIEWG )YVSTE, ZIRMWI W-#M TYR GYVENYP #M TVMGITIVIE R WIVZMGMYP
EGIWXSV XMRIVI VITYFPMGM HMR %QIVMGE HI 7YH.
7I TSZIWXIEY HIWTVI IP JETXI HI GYVEN, MWTVZM HSZIHMRH WRKI VIGI #M
JSV' GEVI Q JGYWIV W VITIX HI ^IGM HI SVM: 'RH P ZSM RXPRM TI EGIWX
FVFEX, ZE 3 TVMIXIRYP QIY11.
%GIWX FVFEX WI RYQIE %R^ERM.
9RE HMR EGIWXI JETXI, RHISWIFM, JGYWI QEVI ZPZ.
7SWMRH, R %QIVMGE, %R^ERM WI RJ'M#EWI, GY S WGVMWSEVI HI
VIGSQERHE'MI, PE HSM HMRXVI GSQTEXVMS'MM RS#XVM, HSQRMM <., RIKYWXSVM HI PE 7ER
+EFVMIP. %GI#XM HSQRM JGYWIV HMR IP JEGXSXYQ-Y0 PSV.
%R^ERM IVE XSXSHEX GEWMIVYP, GSRXEFMPYP, SQYP PSV HI RGVIHIVI; QEM
QYPX: IVE KIRMYP FYR EP GEWIM PSV. 'E XS'M SEQIRMM TYXIVRMGM #M GYVENS#M, %R^ERM
IVE GEPQ #M FPENMR. 1EKE^MRYP, EP GVYM EHIZVEX HMVIGXSV HIZIRMWI, IVE YRYP HMR
EGIPI QEKE^MRI GYQ WI E4 RYQEM R %QIVMGE HI 7YH #M GEVI 'MR XSX GI I GY
TYXMR' HI RGLMTYMX, VIYRMRH RXV-YR WMRKYV JIP HI GSQIV' ETVSETI XSEXI
JIPYVMPI HI GSQIV' GYRSWGYXI.
3VE#YP YRHI #M EZIEY VI#IHMR'E GIM HSM GSQTEXVMS'M EM RS#XVM IVE RW HMR
RIJIVMGMVI TIRXVY EGIWX QEKE^MR, ZIGMR GY THYVIE GI WPYNIE HVITX VIJYKMY
XVMFYVMPSV HI MRHMIRM FYKVIW HIWTVI GEVI EQ TSQIRMX GXIZE GYZMRXI R
GETMXSPYP TVIGIHIRX.
9RYP HMR #I3M EGIWXSV MRHMIRM HIZIRMWI WTEMQE SV#IPYPYM YRHI, HI HSY
SVM TI ER, GSFSVE GY XVMFYP WY #M NIJYME HYT FYRYP PYM TPEG, JV GE SVE#YP W
RHV^RIEWG E M WI QTSXVMZM.
'SFSVRH QEM RXMM GY HSY WEY XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM, TI YVQ GY S WYX,
ETSM GY GMRGM^IGM, 3MRHG Z^YWI WTSVMRH XIVSEVIE #M RXVMRHY-M-WI TYXIVIE,
WJV#MWI TVMR E WI WMQ'M EXX HI WXTR EGSPS, RGX ZIRIE GLMEV WMRKYV #M GLMEV
E#E WMRKYV GYQ IVE #M MQTYRIE SVHMRIPI #M-#M QERMJIWXE TVIXIR'MMPI, HI TEVG
EV 3 EZYX R WTEXIPI PYM RXVIKYP XVMF KEXE W XVIEG SVE#YP TVMR JSG #M WRKI.
%R^ERM EY^MWI ZSVFMRHY-WI QYPX HIWTVI EGIWX QEXEQSV #M EWGYPXEWI XSX
GI WI WTYWIWI HIWTVI IP JV E-#M QERMJIWXE R ZVIYR JIP TVIVIE TVMZMXSV PE
RHV^RIEPE #IJYPYM WPFEXMG #M PE XIVSEVIE TI GEVI S MRWTMVE JIVSGMXEXIE PYM.
8IVSEVIE IVE EXX HI QEVI, RGX, GRH VWYRE WXVMKXYP: "IJYP
QEXXSWMPSV! XSEXI JIVIWXVIPI WI RGLMHIEY, XSEXI TSV'MPI WI ^ZSVIEY, GE #M
GYQ W-EV 3 WXVMKEX G XVIGI YR GMRI XYVFEX.
-RHMERYP IVE SFM#RYMX GY EGIWXI QERMJIWXVM HI XIVSEVI, GI-M 4EXEY
SVKSPMYP. )P EPIKIE TSEVXE GEVI-M TPGIE W M WI HIWGLMH, PSZIE R IE #M, HYT
GI TSEVXE WI HIWGLMHIE PYGVY GI WI RJTXYME GY MY'IEP HEXSVMX KVSE^IM IP
TYXIE W NIJYMEWG XSEX GEWE JV GE WXTRMM, ZIGMRMM WEY EP'M PSGYMXSVM, SVMGEVI
EV 3 JSWX IM, W WI KRHIEWG QGEV W-M WXRNIRIEWG R ZVIYR JIP VIXVEKIVIE.
(I HSY PYRM HIGM, %R^ERM GSRHYGIE GEWE HI GSQIV' TR R GIPI QEM
QMGM EQRYRXI, WTVI QEVIE WEXMWJEG'MI E GIPSV HSM TEXVSRM EM PYM, GRH VWYR
GYQTPMXYP WXVMKX:
"IJYP QEXXSW-MPSV!
'E HI SFMGIM, TSV'M #M SFPSERI HI JIVIWXVI WI RGLMWIV R KVEF.
%R^ERM IVE WMRKYV R GEW, SGYTEX W RGLIMI WSGSXIPMPI HI TIWXI
WTXQR. )P RY KWM HI GYZMMR' G ZIWXIE ^KSQSXSEW GI WI VWTRHMWI
QIVMX SWXIRIEPE W WI HIVERNI^I #M TVMR YVQEVI VQEWI R HSWYP XINKLIPIM, GY
Y#E #M JIVIWXVIPI HIWGLMWI.
-RHMERYP WI STVM QMVEX HMREMRXIE EGIWXIM GEWI GEVI R XSMYP ^TGIPMM
KIRIVEPI TI GEVI S TVMGMRYME TVI^IR'E PYM, TVIE MRHMJIVIRX PE ZIRMVIE WE.
-RXV #M Z^Y, HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E XINKLIPIM, YR FVFEX, GY GLMTYP PMRM#XMX, GEVI-#M
JGIE WSGSXIPMPI.
7I STVM R JE'E PYM GY FVE'IPI RGVYGM#EXI, TVMZMRHY-P GY YMQMVI.
%R^ERM RP' GETYP. %R^ERM IVE TSPMXI'IE TIVWSRM3GEX.
'I HSVI#XM, TVMIXIRI# P RXVIF IP TI MRHMER.
'YQ, GI ZVIEY# RXVIF EGIWXE.
*V RHSMEP, ^MWI %R^ERM, GRH MRXVM RXV-YR QEKE^MR, RWIEQR G
HSVI#XM W GYQTIVM GIZE.
-RHMERYP M^FYGRM R VW. 1
%#EHEV, RY Q GYRS#XM# P RXVIF IP TI %R^ERM.
(I YRHI ZVIM W XI GYRSWG# )WXI TIRXVY TVMQE SEV G XI ZH.
)Y WYRX #IJYP QEXXSW-MPSV, VWTYRWI MRHMERYP, HIWJGRHY-#M FVE'IPI #M
EVXRHY-#M GMRKXSEVIE GY YR EVWIREP EPGXYMX HMR TEXVY TMWXSEPI #M YR
TYQREP.
)M FMRI, #IJ EP QEXXSW-MPSV, GI ZVIM# RXVIF %R^ERM.
:VIEY W FIEY, VWTYRWI EGIWXE.
"M GI ZVIM W FIM#
9R TELEV HI VEGLMY.
2MQMG QEM WMQTPY; TPXI#XI QEM RXM, #M ETSM S W-'M EHYG TELEVYP.
-RHMERYP RGITY W VH HMR RSY.
%R^ERM RGVYRX Y#SV WTVRGIRIPI.
9MXI, ^MWI IP, IWXI TIRXVY E HSYE SEV G, R PSG W-QM VWTYR^M, QM
V^M R REW. *ETXYP RY QM WI TEVI TSPMXMGSW. 8I TVIZMR, E#EHEV G, HEG QEM JEGM
EWXE #M E XVIME SEV, XI HEY EJEV.
%R^ERM VSWXMWI EGIWXI GYZMRXI GY YR XSR EXX HI LSXVX, RGX SVMGEVI EPX
MRHMER W-EV 3 HYQMVMX GY GI JIP HI SQ EVI HI-E JEGI.
4SEXI G WPFEXMGYP E R'IPIW, HEV #M-E PYEX YR EIV GE #M GYQ R-EV 3
R'IPIW.
&M-EQ WTYW W-QM HEM YR TELEV HI VEGLMY, VITIX IP PSZMRH GY TYQRYP
R XINKLIE.
"M IY 'M-EQ WTYW QEM RXM W TPXI#XM, VITIX %R^ERM, #M HEG RY
TPXI#XM, R-S W GETI'M RMQMG.
-RHMERYP M EVYRG S TVMZMVI QRMSEW PYM %R^ERM, HEV TVMZMVIE PYM %R^ERM
S RJVYRX TI E WE; JYPKIVYP WI RGVYGM#EWI GY JYPKIVYP.
%R^ERM EZIE SFMGIMYP W WTYR:
2Y I\MWX RMGM S EPX JSV' HIGX JSV'E QSVEP. 4VMZI#XI GY RHV^RIEP,
'MRXI#XI GY RGT'REXI TI SQYP GEVI XI TVMZI#XI; HEG-#M TPIEG SGLMM, I#XM
WXTRYP PYM; HEV XY RY-'M TPIGE SGLMM 3MRHG EXYRGM S W-'M 3I IP WXTR.
4VMZMVIE PYM %R^ERM EZIE S TYXIVI HI RIRZMRW. -RHMERYP JY GIP GI-#M TPIG
SGLMM.
)P #M WMQ'M MRJIVMSVMXEXIE; #M, JYVMSW HI EGIEWX HSQMRE'MI RIGYRSWGYX
PYM, ZVY W-#M HIE GYVEN, FRH.
)M FMRI, ^MWI IP, MEX S NYQXEXI HI TMEWXVY; 7IVZI#XI-Q.
)WXI SFPMKE'ME QIE W-M WIVZIWG TI SEQIRMM GEVI Q TPXIWG, ^MWI
PMRM#XMX %R^ERM.
"M-P WIVZM TI MRHMER GY YR TELEV HI VEGLMY.
-RHMERYP P HHY TI KX.
%PXYP, ^MWI IP.
%R^ERM P WIVZM HMR RSY.
-RHMERYP P RKLM'M GE #M TI TVMQYP.
RG YRYP, ^MWI IP MEV.
%XXE XMQT GX FERMM EGSTIVMV PMFE'NYRMPI MRHMERYPYM, %R^ERM RY JGY RMGM
S SFWIVZE'MI; HEV HYT 7'7 GI FYXSVYP RKLM'M VEGLMY R ZEPSEVI IKEP GY GIE
E QSRIHIM TI GEVI S HHYWI, IP WI STVM.
)M FMRI# RXVIF MRHMERYP.
%R^ERM M JGY WSGSXIEPE.
"M-EGYQE# MRWMWX WPFEXMGYP.
"M-EGYQE# 2-EM FERM, R-EM VEGLMY, VWTYRWI %R^ERM.
-RHMERYP WSGSXMWI FMRI. 'IPI GMRGM WEY #EWI TELEVI HI VEGLMY TI GEVI PI
FYWI M HHYV GYVENYP TI GEVI TVMZMVIE HI PIY E PYM %R^ERM P JGYWI W #M-P
TMEVH.
6EGLMY! ^MWI IP HYGRHY-#M QRE PE YRYP HMR TMWXSEPIPI PYM; VEGLMY WEY
XI SQSV!.
%R^ERM, GEVI FRYME G PYGVYVMPI EZIEY W WJV#IEWG EWXJIP, IVE KEXE
TVIKXMX. )VE YR FVFEX REPX HI GMRGM TMGMSEVI #M RSY MRGM22 R^IWXVEX GY S
JSV'E YMQMXSEVI, IY S RHIQREVI RIQEMTSQIRMX. #M WTVMNMRM QRE HVIETX TI
XINKLIE, WVM R TEVXIE GIEPEPX #M WI TVZPM, GY XSEX KVIYXEXIE, TIWXI MRHMER,
ETYGRH GY WXRKE RGLIMIXYVE QMRMM HVITXI E EHZIVWEVYPYM, QEM REMRXI GE
EGIWXE W EMF XMQT W-#M EVQI^I TMWXSPYP.
-RHMERYP RY VI^MWX EXEGYPYM. '^Y TI WTEXI; %R^ERM G^Y TIWXI IP #M-M
TYWI KIRYRGLMYP: R TMITX.
%TSM GY QRE WXRK 'MRY HVIETXE MRHMERYPYM, EWXJIP RGX W JEG
MRSJIRWMZ EVQE, MEV IY GIEPEPX QR M PY HI PE GMRKXSEVI TMWXSEPIPI #M
TYQREPYP TI GEVI PI EVYRG R TVZPMI; TI YVQ, M WQYPWI TMWXSPYP HMR QR,
ETYG 'IEZE #M-P TPIWRM HMR VWTYXIVM, TIWXI JE', GY QRIVYP; R WJV#MX GRH
GVI^Y G MRHMERYP, IE W JSPSWMQ XIVQIRMM TSXVMZM'M, RGEWEWI HIWXYP, WI VMHMG #M
GVRHY-M TI WXYVEXI PE PSZMXYVM GY TMGMSEVIPI P QTMRWI WTVI Y# #M-P VSWXSKSPM
TR-R WXVEH, R QMNPSGYP GVIME P #M PW.
-RHMERYP, RXV-EHIZV, RGEWEWI HIWXYP. 3 #XIVWI HIGM GYQ TYXY #M RY WI
QEM EVX RMGMSHEX PE 7ER+EFVMIP.
%R^ERM JGYWI, WYF YR EPX RYQI HIGX GIP VIEP
7YF RYQIPI HI *IVVEVM V^FSMYP R 4SVXYKEPME. 7YF EGIWX RYQI, IP WI
TYVXEWI EHQMVEFMP, HSFRHMRH KVEHYP HI GTMXER; WYF EGIWX RYQI GTXEWI
HSY VRM KVEZI, YRE PE GET, GIEPEPX R TMITX. %XX HI KVEZI, RGX, GLMEV HYT
#EMWTVI^IGI ERM, QYVM HI TI YVQE YRIME HMR IPI.
6ERE HI PE GET IVE S PSZMXYV HI WEFMI GEVI M HIWGLMWIWI GVERMYP. 'IE HI
PE TMITX WI HEXSVE YRYM KPSR' GEVI WI STVMWI R TPQR #M GEVI, QEM XV^MY, M
TVSZSG S XYFIVGYPS^ TYPQSREV.
'RH M WI ZSVFIE PYM %R^ERM HIWTVI QMRYRMPI HI GYVEN TI GEVI PI
WZV#MWI WYF RYQIPI HI *IVVEVM, IP ^QFIE #M WYW'MRIE G EGIWX *IVVEVM RY IVE
YRE #M EGIIE#M TIVWSER GY IP..
(MR RIJIVMGMVI, FMIXYP %R^ERM RY TYXIE GE S HEX GY ZMXINMMPI WEPI TI GEVI
PI EXVMFYME 3MR'IM TI GEVI S TPWQYMWI, W-M XVERWQMX #M VRMPI WEPI.
%GIWXE IVE SQYP HIWTVI GEVI QM WI ZSVFMWI.; SQYP TI GEVI HSVIEQ W-P
GYRSWG #M TI GEVI ZSMEQ W QM-P JEG TVMIXIR.
0E 7ER-+EFVMIP, EQ E4EX G TPIGEWI GY XVIFYVM PE ZVIS #EM^IGM HI QMPI
HITVXEVI. 1-EQ MRJSVQEX #M EQ WVMX R #E GE W Q HYG W-P RXPRIWG..
4I HVYQ, TI QEPYP YRYM VYPI', EQ RXPRMX YR FVFEX GY TMITXYP KSP GEVI-
#M WTPE GQE#E'; QM-EQ HEX WIEQE G EGIWXE IVE FVFEXYP TI GEVI-P GYXEQ.
1-EQ HYW PE IP, M-EQ RXMRW QRE, QM-EQ WTYW RYQIPI.
(MR EGIP QSQIRX, EQ JSWX GE JVE'MM.
4I EXYRGM IP RY QEM EZIE GEW HI GSQIV', GM, GE #M QMRI, MRXVEWI R
WIVZMGMYP VITYFPMGMM 6MS-+VERHI. 'SQERHE MRJERXIVME HMZM^MIM .YER %RXSRMS, YRYP
HMRXVI GIM QEM VIRYQM'M #I3 VITYFPMGERM. 'E #M QMRI, HI EPXJIP, IP TVWIE
WIVZMGMYP, RHVITXRHY-WI WTVI EP WEPXS23.
(YT GI EQ TIXVIGYX QTVIYR S ^M, RI-EQ HEX EHVIWIPI VIWTIGXMZI #M
EQ LSXVX G RY ZSQ RXVITVMRHI RMQMG MQTSVXERX, TR RY RI ZSQ R#XMMR'E
YRYP TI GIPPEPX.
7 QM WI RKHYMI E HE YR EQRYRX GI RI ZE EVXE EXX WVGME GX #M
JVEXIVRMXEXIE RSEWXV.
%R^ERM R EZIE HIGX S GQE#, R WGLMQF EZIE HSY TIVIGLM HI
TERXEPSRM.
)Y IVEQ PE JIP HI WVEG GE #M IP R QEXIVMI HI GQ#M, R XMQT GI IP IVE
QEM FSKEX HIGX QMRI GY S TIVIGLI HI TERXEPSRM.
2I-EQ GYPGEX WYF EGIPE#M EGSTIVM#, HEV %R^ERM TPIG REMRXI HI E WI
PYQMRE #M JV W Q XVI^IEWG.
'RH Q-EQ HI#XITXEX, EQ KWMX TI TEXYP QIY GIE QEM FYR HMR GIPI
HSY TIVIGLM HI TERXEPSRM EM WM..
(I-EFME P GYRSWGYWIQ TI %R^ERM, HEV EGIWXE IVE YR SQ TI GEVI-P TYXIEM
GRXVM HI PE TVMQE ZIHIVI; HI EGIIE, GRH EQ MRXVEX R WIVZMGMYP VITYFPMGMM
1SRXIZMHIS #M GRH EQ JSWX RWVGMREX W SVKERM^I^ PIKMYRIE MXEPMER, TVMQE
QIE KVMN E JSWX W-M WGVMMY PYM %R^ERM W ZMR W QTEVX EGIEWX QYRG GY
QMRI.
:IRM #M RY RI-EQ QEM HIWTV'MX TR R ^MYE GRH, TYRRH TMGMSVYP TI
TQRXYP -XEPMIM, IP E QYVMX R FVE'IPI QIPI.
4VSJIWSV HI QEXIQEXMG #M GSQMW-ZSMENSV %Q HIWGMRW PE 1SRXIZMHIS R
GEWE YRYME HMRXVI TVMIXIRMM QIM GY RYQIPI HI 2ETSPISRI 'EWXIPPMVE.
%QEFMPMX'MM PYM #M E WS'MIM WEPI M HEXSVI^ QYPX TVIE QYPX WTVI E Q TYXIE
EGLMXE ZVISHEX MRXV-EPXJIP HIGX TVMR VIGYRS#XMR'E TI GEVI PI-EQ NYVEX-S, IE #M
GIPSVPEP'M WGYQTM TVMIXIRM, +. &. 'YRIS
9R EPX TVMIXIR HI S ZME' RXVIEK JVE'MM %RXSRMQ #M +MSZERRM 6MWWS.
4Y'MRMM FERM WGS#M HMR ZR^EVIE TMIMPSV HI FSY S HEX GLIPXYM'M WTVI E RY
3 IY, WS'ME #M GSTMPYP S TSZEV TIRXVY TVMIXIRMM QIM, Q-EQ ETYGEX HI HSY
SGYTE'MM GEVI, XVIFYMI W-S QVXYVMWIWG, EQRHSY PESPEPX HI-EFME ENYRKIEY GE
W-QM 'MR ^MPIPI.
4VMQE IVE GIE HI GSQMW-ZSMENSV HI QVJYVM: HYGIEQ GY QMRI XSX JIPYP HI
I#ERXMSERI HI PE QEKMYR MXEPMIRIWG TR PE WXSJI HI 6SYIR. % HSYE, GIE HI
TVSJIWSV IPI QEXIQEXMG R GEWE SRSVEFMPYPYM HSQR 4ESPS 7IQMHIM.
%Q HYW EGIWX XVEM TR PE MRXVEVIE QIE R PIKMYRIE SVMIRXEP.
8VIEFE HI PE 6MS-+VERHI RGITIE W TVMRH #M W WI TYR TI VSEXI. 2Y
QEM EZIEQ RMQMG HI JGYX R EGIEWX TVMZMR'. 6ITYFPMGE 3VMIRXEP, EWXJIP WI
RYQIE VITYFPMGE 1SRXIZMHIS, #XMMRHY-Q PMFIV, RY RXV^MI W-QM SJIVI S
RHIPIXRMGMVI QEM TSXVMZMX GY TSWMFMPMX'MPI QIPI, #M RHISWIFM GY GEVEGXIVYP
QIY, HIGX GIE HI TVSJIWSV HI QEXIQEXMG #M HI GSQMW-ZSMENSV.
1M WI SJIVM #M TVMQMM GSQERHE GSVZIXIM24 0E 'SRWXMXYXMSR.
)WGEHVE SVMIRXEP WI E4E WYF SVHMRIPI GSPSRIPYPYM 'SWWI; GIE HI PE
&YIRSW-%MVIW, WYF SVHMRIPI KIRIVEPYPYM &VS[R.
-RXVI GIPI HSY IWGEHVI EZYWIWIV PSG QEM QYPXI GMSGRMVM #M PYTXI, HEV
IPI RY HHYWIV HIGX WPEFI VI^YPXEXI.
'EQ R EGIIE#M ZVIQI, YR ERYQI :MHEM, HI XVMWX EHYGIVI EQMRXI, JY
RWVGMREX GY EHQMRMWXVEVIE KIRIVEP E 6ITYFPMGMM.
9RYP HMR TVMQIPI #M GIPI QEM VIKVIXEFMPI EGXI EPI EGIWXYM SQ JY W WGETI
HI IWGEHV, TI GEVI IP S WSGSXIE TVIE GSWXMWMXSEVI TIRXVY WXEX. %GIEWX
IWGEHV GI GSWXEWI 6ITYFPMGE WYQI MQIRWI #M GEVI, HI-EV 3 JSWX TWXVEX,
PYGVY Y#SV TI EXYRGM, EV 3 TYXYX W GSRWXMXYMI S WYTIVMSVMXEXI RWIQREX JE'
HI PE 4PEXE, JY HMWXVYW GY HIWZV#MVI, MEV QEXI' VMEPYP JYVEX.
)Y EQ JSWX HIWXMREX YRIM I\TIHM'MM, HI VI^YPXEXYP GVIME EZIEY W EXVRI
QYPXI IZIRMQIRXI.
%Q JSWX XVMQMW PE 'SVVMIRXIW25, GY FVMKERXMRE 4IVI]VE, EZRH PE FSVH
STXWTVI^IGI XYRYVM. R EJEV HI EGIWXI STXWTVI^IGI TMIWI HI EVXMPIVMI, QEM
EZIE HSY XYRYVM GY TMZSX.
%PXYVM HI QMRI XVIFYME W REZMKLI^I KSIPIX 4VSGMHE!
'SVVMIRXIW PYTXE TI EXYRGM QTSXVMZE PYM 6SWEW 1, MEV IY XVIFYME W-P ENYX
R QERIZVIPI WEPI QTSXVMZE JSV'IPSV HMGXEXSVYPYM. 4SEXI G I\TIHM'ME EZIE YR
EPX WGST, HEV IM IVE WIGVIXYP HSQRYPYM QMRMWXVY KIRIVEP.
) 7-M 3I RKHYMX GIPYM GI TYFPMG EGIWXI 1IbQSVMM2 W HIE GMXMXSVMPSV
GXIZE I\TPMGE'MM EWYTV WXVMM VITYFPMGMM 1SRXIZMHIS R 1841 TI GEVI KI-X
RIVEPYP +EVMFEPHM R-E GVI^YX G XVIFYMI W PI HIE RXV-YR NYVREP WGVMW HI TI S ^M
TI EPXE.
%GIWXI I\TPMGE'MM ZSV 3 GY EXX QEM I\EGXI, GY GX1 EY JSWX HMGXEXI GIPYM
GI PI TYFPMG EWX^M, R 1849J HI GXVI YR FVFEX GEVI E NYGEX YR VSP MQTSVXVMM
R IZIRMQIRXIPI 6ITYFPMGMM 3VMIRXEPI: HI GXVI KIRIVEPYP 4EGLIGS ] 3FIW, MQYP
HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM TVMIXIRM EM RS#XVM.
%TSM, 3'M PMRM#XM'M, WGYQTM GMXMXSVM, M ZSQ GIHJ RHEX TERE GIPYMPEPX
TVMIXIR EP RSWXVY, XSX EXX HI FYR, GY RYQIPI HI +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM.
'GM, HYT GYQ ZIHI'M, EWIQIRIE PYM 'IWEV, EGIP; TVMQ IPMFIVEXSV EP
-XEPMIM, IP QRYMI#XI TERE PE JIX HI FMRI GE #M WTEHE. .
;.; :Z. *M 1328):-()3
*] 'PXSVYP GEVI WSWI#XI HMR )YVSTE, TI YRYP HMR ZEWIPI TI GEVI
ZIGLMM PSGYMXSVM EM 'VMM PI WSGSXMWIV HVITX GEWI ^FYVXSEVI, ^VI#XI QEM RXM
HI XSEXI, .YER 6SWEW (1793-1877), HMGXEXSV EP WXEXYPYM EVKIRXMRMER, RXVI
1829-1831 #M 1835-1852. % JSWX VWXYVREX HI S GSEPM'MI MRXIVR.
8 ) ZSVFE HI %PI\ERHVI (YQEW., R GPMTE GRH QEXIPSXYP HI GEVX WXVMK:
4QRX!, HSM QYR'M: YR QYRXI HI TMEXV GEVI IWXI GEXIHVEPE, FMWIVMGE-
QEQ, 0E QEXVM^, GYQ WI WTYRI EGSPS. %TSM YR QYRXI HI KVERMX, TXEX HI
TSV'MYRM ZIV^M #M HSQMREX HI YR JEV. )P WI RYQI#XI 'IVVS.
4I QWYV GI WI ETVSTMI HI XYVRYVMPI GEXIHVEPIM, EPI GVSV HSQYVM HI
TSV'IPER WXVPYGIWG R WSEVI, GPXSVYP HMWXMRKI RIRYQVEXI QMVEHSVIW1 HI
HMJIVMXI JSVQI, GEVI HSQMR ETVSETI XSEXI GEWIPI; ETSM HMWXMRKI #M GEWIPI, VS#MM
WEY EPFI, GY XIVEWIPI PSV, VGSVSEWI TSTEWYVM HI WIEV; TI YVQ, PE TSEPIPI
QYRXIPYM 'IVVS, E#E-RYQMXIPI WEPEHSVEW, ]EWXI IHM3GMM YRHI WI TYRI GEVRIE PE
WVEX; ETSM, R WJV#MX, R JYRHYP KSPJYPYM, XMZMRH QEVIE, JIVQIGXSEVIPI UYMRXEW,
HIPMGMY #M QRHVMI E PSGYMXSVMPSV #M GEVI JEG GE, R ^MPIPI HI WVFXSEVI, W R-
EY^M ''WYRRH TI WXV^M HIGX EGIWXI ZSVFI:
7 QIVKIQ PE 1MKYIPIXI; 7 QIVKIQ PE %KYEHE; 7 QIVKIQ PE
%VVS]S-7IGSE.
%XYRGM, HEG ZI'M EVYRGE ERGSVE RXVI 'IVVS #M TVE#YP HSQMREX, HMR SVMGI
TYRGX P-E'M TVMZM, HI YVME#E GEXIHVEP; HEG MSPE Z HYGI GY VITI^MGMYRI WTVI
TPEN, TVMR IJSVXYVMPI GIPSV #EWI ZWPE#M EM WM; HEG ^MYE ZI'M ZIHIE TI HVYQ
JVYQSEWI KVYTYVM HI JIQIM QFVGEXI GE RM#XI EQE^SERI, SVM HI GEZEPIVM R
GSWXYQI HI GPVMI; HEG, WIEVE, TVMR JIVIWXVIPI HIWGLMWI GI VIZEVW TI WXVEH
XSVIRXI HI PYQMR #M HI EVQSRMI, ZI'M EY^M WYRIXIPI TMERYPYM WEY ZEMIXIPI
LEVTIM, XVMPYVMPI WGTVXSEVI EPI GEHVMPIPSV WEY RSXIPI HI NEPI EPI VSQER'IM,
EWXE RWIEQR G Z ZI'M E4E R PSGEPMXEXIE 1SRXIZMHIS, ZMGIVIKMRE 4YZMYPYM
EVKMRXMY E GVYM VIKMR TVIXMRHI W 3I &YIRSW %MVIW, 4YZMY GI WI ZEVW R
%XPERXMG TVMRXV-S KYV PEX HI STX^IGM HI PIKLI.
RMJ:IVERHI (WTR.).
.YER-(MWW HI 7SPMW JY GIP HMRXM GEVI, PE RGITYXYP ERYPYM 1516, HIWGSTIVM
GSEWXE #M VYP 0E 4PEXE. 4VMQYP PYGVY TI GEVI-P ^VM WIRXMRIPE HI TE^ JY 'IVVS.
%XYRGM, TPMR HI FYGYVMI, SQYP WXVMK R PMQFE PEXMR:
1SRXIQ ZMHIS! 1
(I EMGM RYQIPI SVE#YPYM E GVYM MWXSVMI S ZSQ WGLM'E TI WGYVX.
7SPMW, QRHVY G QEM HIWGSTIVMWI, GY YR ER REMMEXI, 6MS HI .ERIMVS RY
WI FYGYV RW QYPX ZVIQI HI RSYE WE HIWGSTIVMVI.
(YT GI-#M XVMQMWI R KSPJ HSY ZEWI #M HYT GI WI YVG R WYWYP ETIM 0E
4PEXE GY YR EP XVIMPIE, RGVI^RHY-WI R WIQRIPI HI TVMIXIRMI TI GEVI M PI
EVXEV MRHMIRMM, G^Y RXV-S EQFYWGEH #M JY YGMW* JVMTX #M QRGEX TI 'VQYVMPI
YRYM TVY GEVI R EQMRXMVIE EGIWXIM GYQTPMXI RXQTPVM TSEVX TR EWX^M
RYQIPI HI %VVS]S HI 7SPMW.
%GIEWX LSEVH HI MRHMIRM ERXVSTSJEKM, JSEVXI FVEZM HI EPXJIP, ETEV'MRIE
XVMFYPYM TVMQMXMZ 'LEVVYEW; IP IVE WXTRYP 'VMM, XSX E#E GYQ IVEY LYVSRMM #M
WMSY\MM 2 PE GIEPEPX I\XVIQMXEXI E QEVIPYM GSRXMRIRX.
%WXJIP, XVMFYP EGIWXE 'MRY TMITX WTERMSPMPSV GEVI JYV WMPM'M W GSRWXVYMEWG
SVE#YP 1SRXIZMHIS R XSMYP PYTXIPSV HMR 3IGI ^M #M, QEM EPIW EP EXEGYVMPSV HMR
3IGI RSETXI: HI EGIIE, KVE'MI EGIWXIM VI^MWXIR'I, 1SRXIZMHIS, HI#M
HIWGSTIVMX, GYQ EVE WTYW-S, R 1516, RYQV HI-EFME S WYX HI ERM HI PE
RXIQIMIVI.
:H YR QYRXI.
8 8VMFYVM HI TMIM VS#MM, PSGYMRH R %QIVMGE I 2SVM; MLYVSRMM R 'EREHE, PE
RSVH HI PEGYP ,YVSR; 7MSY\MM R WXEXIPI (EOSXE,. 2IFVEWOE, 1SRXERE HMR 7. 9. %.
R WJV#MX, GXVI 3RII WIGSPYPYM XVIGYX1 YR FVFEX TSVRM YR V^FSM HI
I\XIVQMREVI QTSXVMZE WXTRMPSV TVMQMXMZM HI TI 'VQ, V^FSM R GEVI EGI#XME
JYV RMQMGM'M. 9PXMQIPI XVIM PYTXI R XMQTYP GVSVE, EWIQIRIE ZIGLMPSV XIYXSRM,
IM #M E#I^EV 3E QMNPSG JIQIMPI 3 GSTMMM #M G^YV JV W HIE RETSM YR WMRKYV
TEW Z^YV HMWTVRH #M YPXMQMM WYTVEZMI'YMXSVM #M GE RM#XI QSRYQIRXI EPI
EGIWXIM WYTVIQI RJVRKIVM, GPXSVYP TSEXI W ZEH #M E^M, PE, TSEPIPI
QYRXIPYM %YKYE, SWIQMRXIPI EPFMXI EPI YPXMQMPSV ILEVVYEW.
%GIWX RSY 1EVMYW, RZMRKXSV EP EGIWXSV RSM XIYXSRM, IVE GSQERHERXYP
'MRYXYVMPSV HI GQTMI, .SVKI 4EILIIS, XEXP KIRIVEPYPYM 4EILIGS ] 3FIW, HMR
KYVE GVYME, GYQ EQ QEM WTYW-S, #XMQ EQRYRXIPI TI GEVI PI ZSQ TYRI WYF
SGLMM GMXMXSVMPSV.
(EV WPFEXMGMM RMQMGM'M PWEY GSQERHERXYPYM 4EGLIGS EP'M HY#QERM, QYPX
QEM HV^M, QYPX QEM TVMQINHMSW! #M QEM EPIW QYPX QEM HI RIRZMRW HIGX
MRHMIRMM, HEX 3MRH G EGI#XME IVEY WYW'MRY'M RY HI S GVIHMR' VIPMKMSEW GI
WPFIE R 3IGI ^M, GM HI YR MRXIVIW QEXIVMEP GEVI HMQTSXVMZ WTSVIE TI 3IGI ^M;
EGI#XM HY#QERM IVEY GSRXVEFERHM#XMM HMR &VE^MPME.
7MWXIQYP HI TVSLMFM'MI IVE FE^E GSQIV'YPYM WTERMSP: WI HHIE HIGM YR
V^FSM RHVNMX RXVI GSQERHERXYP 'MRYXYVMPSV HI GQTMI #M GSRXVEFERHM#XMM GEVI,
GRH TVMR #MVIXIRMI, GRH TVMR JSV', RGIVGEY W-#M MRXVSHYG TI XIVMXSVMYP
QSRXIZMHIER WXSJIPI #M XYXYRYP.
0YTXE JY PYRK, RHVNMX, TI ZME' #M TI QSEVXI. (SR .SVKI 4EGLIGS, YR
FVFEX HI S TYXIVI LIVIYPIER, HI S WXEXYV YVME# #M R^IWXVEX GY S WXTRMVI
HI WMRI RIQEMTSQIRMX, M^FYXMWI, R WJV#MX

(RHNHYME GIP TY'MR, HEG RY W-P RMQMGIEWG TI GSRXVEFERHM#XM, GYQ
JGYWI GY GLEVVYEW-MM, GIIE GI IVE YR PYGVY GY RITYXMR', QGEV W-M
RHITVXI^I HI SVE#) GRH HISHEX GSRXVEFERHM#XMM ETVYV HMR RSY, QEM
RHV^RI'M, QEM EGXMZM #M QEM YRM'M GE SVMGRH R NYVYP YRIM WMRKYVI ZSMR'I, PE JIP
HI TYXIVRMG, PE JIP HI GYVENSEW #M, QEM EPIW, PE JIP HI MRXIPMKIRX GE GIE E
GSQERHERXYPYM 4EGLIGS.
'SQERHERXYP #M XVMQMWI WTMSRMM PE 'EV #M WI MRJSVQ EWYTVE GEY^IPSV
EGIWXIM VIGVYHIWGIR'I E SWXMPMX'MPSV. 'Y XS'MM WI RXSEVWIV GY EGIPE#M RYQI TI
FY^I:
%VXMKEW!
'MRI IVE EGIWX %VXMKEW#
9R FVFEX XRV RXVI HSY^IGM #M HSY^IGM #M GMRGM HI ERM, FVEZ
EWIQIRIE YRYM WTERMSP HI SHMRMSEV, #MVIX GE YR GLEVVYEW, MYXI GE YR KEYGLS;
EZIE GXI GIZE HMR XSEXI XVIM VEWIPI, HEG RY R WRKI, GIP TY'MR R WTMVMX.
7I HI^PR'YM S PYTX E #MVIXIRMIM #M E JSV'IM RXVI FXVRYP GSQERHERX EP
'MRYXYVMPSV HI GQT #M XRVYP GSRXVEFERHMWX; HEV YRYP IVE XRV #M GVI#XIE R
TYXIVI; GIPPEPX IVE RY RYQEM FXVR, GM #M SFSWMX.
8MQT HI TEXVY WEY GMRGM ERM, 4EGLIGS P YVQVM TI %VXMKEW, FXRHY-P
TVIXYXMRHIRM YRHI WI EVXE; HEV %VXMKEW, FXYX, RY TYXIE 3 RMGM TVMRW, RMGM YGMW;
E HSYE ^M, IP ETVIE MEV#M. 3QYP HI PE SVE# SFSWM GIP HMRXM R EGIEWX PYTX #M
EWIQIRIE YRYME HMR ZIGLMM VSQERM HI TI ZVIQIE 6ITYFPMGMM, GEVI-#M WEGVM3GEY
QRHVME WTVI FMRIPI 'VMM, IP TVSTYWI KYZIVRQQXYPYM W-M VIXVEK
QTYXIVRMGMVMPI, GY GSRHM'ME GE R PSGYP WY W 3I JGYX #IJ EP 'MRYXYVMPSV HI
GQT %VXMKEW; WMRKYV %VXMKEW, HYT TVIVIE PYM, TYXIE W HYG TR PE GETX
STIVE TI VEVI IP, 4EGLIGS, RY TYXIE W S RHITPMRIEWG, YHMG I\XIVQMREVIE
GSRXVEFERHM#XMPSV.
+YZIVRQRXYP TVMQM #M, PE JIP GY EGIM XPLEVM VSQERM GEVI JGIEY
HIGPEVE'MI HI WYTYRIVI TETIM #M GEVI WI TPMQFEY VIWTIGXE'M TVMR SVE#YP E GVYM
KVSE^ JYWIWIV, %VXMKEW #M JGY MRXVEVIE R 1SRXIZMHIS #M PY STIVE HI
I\XIVQMREVI HMR TYRGXYP HI YRHI S WGTEWI HMR QMRM TVIHIGIWSVYP WY.
(YT YR ER, GSRXVEFERHE IVE, HEG RY RMQMGMX, GIP TY'MR HMWTVYX.
%WXE WI RXQTP GY GMRGM^IGM #M STX WEY #EM^IGM HI ERM QEM REMRXI HI
IZIRMQIRXIPI R GEVI EZIE W WI E4I EQIWXIGEX +EVMFEPHM; HEV QEM REMRXI HI
SVMGI WYRX EYXSV HVEQEXMG #M RY TSX W Q SFM#RYMIWG W RGIT HVEQIPI JV YR
TVSPSK; EGIWX TVSPSK RY IWXI, HI EPXJIP, PMTWMX HI MRXIVIW #M TVMR IP ZSQ GYRSE#XI
SEQIRM #M PSGEPMX'M HIWXYP HI RIGYRSWGYXI R *VER'E.
%VXMKEW EZIE TI ZVIQIE EGIIE HSY^IGM #M #ETXI WEY HSY^IGM #M STX HI
ERM; R ITSGE R GEVI QM WI HHIEY EGIWXI EQRYRXI HIWTVI IP, %VXMKEW EZIE
RSY^IGM #M XVIM HI ERM #M XVME RIGYRSWGYX RXV-S QMG ZMP E TVI#IHMRXIPYM
4EVEKYE]YPYM. (I EXYRGM, JV RHSMEP G E QYVMX.
%VXMKEW IVE YR FVFEX XRV, JVYQSW, FVEZ #M TYXIVRMG GEVI VITVI^IRXE
YRE HMR GIPI XVIM TYXIVM GI, WXTRMV VRH TI VRH 1SRXIZMHIS.
(SR .SVKI 4EGLIGS IVE TVSXSXMTYP ZMVXY'MPSV GEZEPIVI#XM EPI PYQMM ZIGLM; EP
ZMVXY'MPSV GEZEPIVI#XM GEVI EY XVEZIVWEX QVMPI S HEX GY 'SPYQF, 4M^^EVS #M
*IVRERHS 'SVXI^ 2.
%VXMKEW, IVE R WGLMQF SQYP HI PE 'EV; TYXIE W VITVI^MRXI GIIE GI WI
RYQIE EGSPS TEVXMHYP RE'MSREP, QTV'MX RXVI TSVXYKLI^M #M WTERMSPM, EHMG RXVI
WXVMRMM VQE#M TSVXYKLI^M #M WTERMSPM TVMR #IHIVIE PSV R SVE#IPI YRHI XSXYP PI
EHYGIE EQMRXI HI QSVEZYVMPI TSVXYKLI^I #M WTERMSPI.
:IRIE ETSM YR EP XVIMPIE XMT #M GLMEV S E XVIME TYXIVI HIWTVI GEVI XVIFYMI
RIETVEX W ZSVFMQ #M GEVI IVE HISTSXVMZ YR 4EKIP EXX TIRXVY SQYP HI PE
SVE# GX #M TIRXVY GIP HI PE 'EV.
%GIWX EP XVIMPIE XMT IWXI KEYGLS, TIRXVY GEVI +EVMFEPHM E KWMX S I\TVIWMI
GEVEGXIVMWXMG #M TMXSVIEWG. )P P-E RYQMX GIRXEYVYP PYQMM RSM.
R *VER'E, RSM RYQMQ KEYGLS, TI SVMGMRI XVMI#XI TI EGIWXI ZEWXI
RXMRHIVM, TI EGIWXI MQIRWI WXITI, TI EGIWXI TEQTEWYVM MR3RMXI GI WI RXMRH
HI PE 'VQYVMPI QVMM PE ZIVWERXYP SVMIRXEP EP %R^MPSV. 2I R#IPQ: GTMXERYP
,IEH, HMR QEVMRE IRKPI^, E PERWEX GIP HMRXM ZSKE EGIWXIM QERMM HI E
GSRJYRHE TI KEYGLS GY PSGYMXSVYP GQTMIM, GEVI R QRHVME PYM VIWTMRKI RY
RYQEM EWIQREVIE, HEV GLMEV #M GSQTEVE'ME.
+EYGLS IWXI FSIQYP PYQMM RSM. *V EZIVI, JV GEW, JV JEQMPMI IP EVI
HVITX WMRKYV FYR TYRGLS '-YP, GEPYP, GY'MXYP, PEWWS 26-YP #M FSPEW PYM.
'Y'MXYP M IWXI EVQE-; PEWWS-YP #M FSPEW-IPI M WYRX QIWIVME.
%VXMKEW VQEWI, E#EHEV, GSQERHERXYP 'MRYXYVMPSV HI GQT, WTVI QEVIE
WEXMWJEG'MI E PYQMM RXVIKM, GY I\GIT'ME GSRXVEFERHM#XMPSV; IP WI QEM E4E RG
RWVGMREX GY EGIEWX MQTSVXERX JYRG'MI #M GRH M^FYGRM VIZSPY'ME HMR 1810,
VIZSPY'MI GI EZIE HVITX WGST #M GEVI EZY, RXV-EHIZV, GE VI^YPXEX, RMQMGMVIE
HSQMRE'MIM WTERMSPI R PYQIE RSY.
)E RGITY HIGM R 1810, PE &YIRSW %MVIW #M WI WJV#M R &SPMZME GY FXPME
HI PE %]EIYRILS, R 1824.
"IJYP JSV'IPSV MRHITIRHIRXI IVE TI EXYRGM KIRIVEPYP %RXSRMS-.SWI HI
7YIVI; IP EZIE GMRGM QMM HI SEQIRM WYF SVHMRIPI WEPI.
+IRIVEPYP WYTVIQ EP XVYTIPSV WTERMSPI IVE HSR .SWI HI 0EWIQE, YPXMQYP
ZMGIVIKI EP 4IVYPYM; IP GSQERHE YRWTVI^IGI QMM HI SEQIRM.
4EXVMS'MM R-EZIEY HIGX YR WMRKYV XYR; IVEY YRYP GSRXVE HSM; FE GLMEV RMGM
QGEV YRYP GSRXVE HSM, HYT GYQ WI ZIHI HMR GMJVIPI TI GEVI PI-EQ HEX. 2-
EZIEY RMGM QYRM'MM, RMGM TVSZM^MM HI EPMQIRXI, RYGM TVEJ HI TY#G, RMGM TMRI. 2Y
XVIFYME W JEGM EPXGIZE HIGX W E#XIT'M GE IM W WI TVIHIE; EY JSWX EXEGE'M, HEV
EY RZMRW.
+IRIVEPYP TEXVMSX %PINS 'SVHSZE JY GIP GI RGITY FXPME. 'SQERHE GEQ
ZVIS QMI GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM. #M R3TWI HVETIPYP R ZVJYP WFMIM #M WXVMK:
REMRXI
R TEW EPIVKXSV WEY PE TEW# RXVIF YR S3'IV.
R TEW HI ZMGXSVMI, VWTYRWI IP.
7IEVE, EVQEXE WTERMSP GETMXYPEWI R RXVIKMQI NM WI E4E TVM^SRMIVE GIPSV
TI GEVI IE M 'MRYWI TVM^SRMIVM.
%VXMKEW, TVMRXVI GIM HMRXM, WEPYXEWI VIZSPY'ME GE IPMFIVEXSEVI. )P WI
E#I^EWI R JVYRXIE QM#GVMM PE 'EV #M-M SJIVMWI PYM 4EGLIGS W VIRYR'I PE VRHY-
M PE GSRHYGIVI R JEZSEVIE PYM, GYQ JGYWI EPXHEX 4EGLIGS GY 'MRYXYVMPI HI
GQT.
%GIWX WGLMQF TSEXI G W-EV 3 TVSHYW, HEV 4EGLIGS JY TVMRW R GEWE HI PE
'EWEFPERGE, HMR 9VYKYE], HI RM#XI QEVMREVM WTERMSPM #M VQEWI TVM^SRMIV R
QMRMPI PSV.
%VXMKEW #M GSRXMRY XSXY#M STIVE HI IPMFIVEVI, R WGYVX ZVIQI IP M^KSRM
TI WTERMSPM HI TI RXVIEKE GQTMI EP GVIM VIKI HIZIRMWI EPYRKRHY-M R
SVE#YP 1SRXIZMHIS, WMRKYVYP GEVI PI QEM VQWIWI. (EV 1SRXIZMHIS TYXIE W
STYR S VI^MWXIR' WIVMSEW, RXVYGX IVE EP HSMPIE SVE# JSVXM3GEX HMR %QIVMGE.
4VMQYP IVE 7ER-.YER H'9PPSE.
0E 1SRXIZMHIS WI VIJYKMEWIV XS'M TEVXM^ERMM WTERMSPMPSV, WTVMNMRM'M HI S
EVQEX HI TEXVY QMM HI SEQIRM. %VXMKEW, WYW'MRYX HI EPMER'E GY &YIRSW %MVIW,
EWIHMI SVE#YP.
(EV S EVQEX TSVXYKLI^ ZIRM R ENYXSVYP WTERMSPMPSV #M HIWTVIWYV
1SRXIZMHIS.
R 1812, EZY PSG YR RSY EWIHMY EP 1SRXIZMHISYPYM. +IRIVEPYP 6SRHIEY
HMR TEVXIE &YIRSW %MVIWYPYM #M %VXMKEW HMR TEVXIE TEXVMS'MPSV QSRXIZMHIIRM, #M-
EY YRMX JSV'IPI #M W-EY RXSVW W QTVIWSEVI SVE#YP.
%GIWX EWIHMY HYV HSY^IGM #M XVIM HI PYRM; R GIPI HMR YVQ GETMXYPEVIE
TVIH ZMMXSEVIE 6ITYFPMG 3VMIRXEP EWIHMEXSVMPSV, GSQERHE'M TI EXYRGM HI
KIRIVEPYP %PZIEV.
'YQ HI KIRIVEPYP-#IJ IVE %PZIEV #M RY %VXMKEW# 3 ZSQ WTYRI QEM
HITEVXI.
*ETX I G HYT HSY^IGM HI PYRM HI EWIHMY, HYT XVIM ERM HI GSRXEGX
RXVI SEQIRMM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW #M GIM HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, HISWIFMVMPI HI SFMGIMYVM,
HI QSVEZYVM, E# ^MGI ETVSETI HI VEW, GEVI PE RGITYX JYWIWIV WMQTPI
VIWIRXMQIRXI, HIZIRMWIV RGIXYP GY RGIXYP EHIZVEXI QSXMZI HI YV.
%VXMKEW, GE #M %GLMPI, WI VIXVWIWI, E#EHEV, R GSVXYP WY, WEY QEM FMRI
^MW, #M HYGIE GSVXYP GY IP. (MWTVYWI R EGIPI EHRGYVM EPI GQTMIM TI GEVI PI
GYRSWGYWI EXX HI FMRI R XMRIVI'IE WE, TI ZVIQIE GRH WI RHIPIXRMGIE GY
QIWIVME HI GSRXVEFERHMWX.
+IRIVEP %PZIEV P RPSGYMWI #M IVE, PE TVIHEVIE 1SRXIZMHISYPYM, KIRIVEP-
#IJ EP E#E-RYQM'MPSV TSVXIRSW.
%WXJIP WI RYQIWG R EGIEWX 'EV SEQIRMM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, R ZVIQI GI
QSRXIZMHIIRMM WYRX RYQM'M SVMIRXEPM.
7 RGIVGQ W RJ'M#Q EMGM, TIRXVY S QEM FYR R'IPIKIVI,
RYQIVSEWIPI HMJIVIR'I GI I\MWX RXVI TSVXIRSW #M SVMIRXEPM.
3QYP HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, WXEFMPMX R 'EV HI XVIM WYXI HI ERM R TIVWSERE
WXVQS#YPYM WY, E TMIVHYX, HI PE WJV#MXYP TVMQYPYM WIGSP EP WXVQYXVMM PYM R
%QIVMGE, XSEXI XVEHM'MMPI TEXVMIM QYQI, EHMG EPI 7TERMIM. -RXIVIWIPI WEPI 'MR
HI TQRX, ZME'E PYM W-E PIKEX HI IP. 0SGYMXSVMM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW WYRX ETVSETI
PE JIP HI EQIVMGERM EWX^M GE #M MRHMIRMM HI SHMRMSEV, TI GEVI M-EY GYGIVMX #M TI
GEVI M-EY RPSGYMX 3QYP HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, HMQTSXVMZ, WXEFMPMX HI-EFME HI YR
WIGSP R 'EV, XSX R TIVWSERE WXVQS#YPYM WY, FMRIR'IPIW, SQYP HMR
1SRXIZMHIS R-E EZYX XMQT 'W YMXI G IWXI 3Y, RITSX, WXVRITSX HI WTERMSP. )P
EVI WIRXMQIRXYP RSMM WEPI RE'MSREPMX'M, HEV JV W 3 YMXEX XVEHM'MMPI ZIGLMM
)YVSTI, HI GEVI 'MRI. 4VMR GMZMPM^E'MI; R ZVIQI GI SQYP HI PE 'EV, HI P
&YIRSW %MVIW, WI RHITVXIE^ HI IE TI 3IGI ^M WTVI E WI RXSEVGI MEV#M PE
FEVFEVMI.
"M; 'EVE #M EVI MR4YIR'E IM EWYTVE EGIWXIM XVERW- * JSVQVM, VIXVSKVEH
HI S TEVXI, TVSKVIWMWX HI GIE-* PEPX.
4STYPE'ME HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, VWTRHMX TI PERHI MQIRWI, GY PSGYMR'I
JSEVXI RHITVXEXI YRIPI HI EPXIPI, R VIKMYRM XVMWXI GE RJ'M#EVI, PMTWMXI HI
ET, JV THYVM PSGYMRH R GSPMFI TVSWX GSRWXVYMXI GETX R EGIEWX M^SPEVI,
GY EGIWXI PMTWYVM, PE EGIWXI HITVXVM, YR GEVEGXIV RGLMW, NEPRMG, GIVXVI'.
4VIJIVMR'IPI EGIWXIM TSTYPE'MM WYRX TIRXVY MRHMERYP WPFEXMG HI PE KVERM'IPI 'VMM,
GY GEVI IE JEGI GSQIV' GY TIRI HI WXVY', GY TXYVM TIRXVY GEP #M GY PIQR. (I
PRGMM, PYGVYVM TI GEVI PI EHYGI HMR 'VMPI YRHI R-E TXVYRW GMZMPM^E'ME, HMR
GIRXVI RIGYRSWGYXI HI IYVSTIRM #M TI GEVI PI WGLMQF TI VEGLMY #M TI XYXYRYP
TI GEVI-P HYGI GXVI QEVMPI RXMRHIVM EPI TEQTEWYVMPSV HI PE GEVI #M-E PYEX
RYQIPI '7EY GVSVE TSEXI G PI-E HEX RYQIPI.
4STYPE'ME HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, HMQTSXVMZ, SGYT S 'EV JVYQSEW YHEX HI
TVYVM GI-S HIWTEVXI R ZM. 'I-M HVITX, 'EVE I PMTWMX HI THYVM QEVM, RY
TSWIH'GSHVM EHRGM, GE %QIVMGE HI 2SVH; HEV TI JYRHYP 3IGVIM ZM GYVK
TVYVM YQFVMXI *HI UYIFVSGLS, GY WGSEV'E XEVI GE 3IVYP, HI YFENEM; HI #EYGI
GY JVYR^M# FSKEX. 4I PRK EWXE, TSTYPE'ME IWXI FMRI EHTSWXMX, FMRI LVRMX.
'EWIPI WEPI, ZMPI, JIVQI WEY QS#MM EVIRHEXI, WYRX ETVSTMEXI YRIPI HI EPXIPI; #M
GEVEGXIVYP SEQIRMPSV, HIWGLMW #M SWTMXEPMIV IWXI ETPIGEX WTVI EGIEWX
GMZMPM^E'MI, E GVIM ETVSTMIVI HI QEVI PI EHYGI RIRGIXEX, TI EVMTMPI ZRXYPYM,
QMVIEWQE GEVI ZMRI HMR )YVSTE.
4IRXVY TSTYPE'ME HMR &YIRSW-%MVIW TVSXSXMTYP TIVJIG'MYRMM IWXI MRHMERYP
GPEVI. 4IRXVY SQYP HMR GQTME 1SRXIZMHIS, IWXI IYVSTIERYPGY LEMRE XYVREX
TI IP, GY GVEZEXE FMRI RRSHEX, FMRI WXVRW HI NEQFMIVI #M HI FVIXIPI.
* 3QYP HMR &YIRSW %MVIW EVI TVIXIR'ME G IWXI Z TVMQYP GE IPIKER'. )P
WI ETVMRHI, HEV WI #M TSXSPI#XI Y#SV. %VI QEM QYPX MQEKMRE'MI HIGX
QSRXIZMHIIRMM. 4VMQMM TSI'M TI GEVI M-E GYRSWGYX %QIVMGE WYRX RWGY'M PE
&YIRSW %MVIW: :EVIPE #M 0S3RYV, (SQMRKYI^ #M 1EVQSPWRX TSI'M TSVXIRSWM.
3QYP HMR 1SRXIZMHIS'IWXI QEM TY'MR TSIXMG, HEV QEM GEPQ #M QEM WMKYV R
LSXVVMPI #M R TVSMIGXIPI WEPI. (EG VMZEPYP PYM EVI TVIXIR'ME HI E 3 TVMQYP R
IPIKER', IP S EVI TI EGIIE HI E 3 TVMQYP R GYVEN. 4VMRXVI TSI'MM PYM, WI E4
RYQIPI PYM ,MHEPKS, &IVVS, *MKYIVXE .YER 'EVPSW +SQI^.
'X HIWTVI JIQIM, GIPI HMR &YIRSW %MVIW EY TVIXIR'ME HI E 3 GIPI QEM
JVYQSEWI HMR. %QIVMGE QIVMHMSREP, HI PE WXVQXSEVIE 0IQEMVI TR PE 4YZMYP
%QE^SERIPSV.
4SEXI G, RXV-EHIZV, GLMTYP JIQIMPSV HMR 1SRXIZMHIS IWXI QEM TY'MR
WXVPYGMXSV HIGX GIP EP ZIGMRIPSV PSV, HEV XVYTYVMPI PSV WYRX QMRYREXI, TMGMSVYP,
QMRMPI #M 'MRYXE PSV TEV W 3I EMHSQE GIPSV HMR 7IZMPPE WEY HMR +VIREHE.
%WXJIP, RXVI GIPI HSY 'VM I\MWX: VMZEPMXEXI R GYVEN #M IPIKER', RXVI
FVFE'M; VMZEPMXEXI R JVYQYWI'I, R KVE'MI #M R 'MRYX RXVI JIQIM; VMZEPMXEXI R
XEPIRX RXVI TSI'M, EGI#XM LIVQEJVSHM'M EM WSGMIX'MM, MVEWGMFMPM GE FVFE'MM,
GETVMGMS#M GE JIQIMPI #M TI PRK EGIEWXE, YRISVM REMZM, EWIQIRIE GSTMMPSV.
(MR XSX GIIE GI EQ WTYW, VIMIWI PMQTIHI G I\MWXEY GEY^I WY3GMIRXI
GEVI W HYG PE VYTXYV RXVI SEQIRMM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW #M GIM HMR 1SRXIZMHIS,
RXVI %VXMKEW #M %PZIEV.
(EV WI TVSHYWI RY RYQEM EGIEWX WITEVEVI, GM WI RWGY #M S YV; RY
RYQEM S YV, GM YR V^FSM.
8SEXI QSXMZIPI HI ERXMTEXMI JYV VMHMGEXI QTSXVMZE SEQIRMPSV HMR
&YIRSW %MVIW HI JSWXYP #IJ EP GSRXVEFERHM#XMPSV. 4Y'MR M TWE PYM HI-EGYQ RGSPS
HI QMNPSEGI, RYQEM W-#M EXMRK 'MRXE; #M 'MRXE PYM IVE W-M M^KSRIEWG HMR 'EV
TI TSVXIRS#M.
%XYRGM %VXMKEW, WXVRKRH XSX GI-M SJIVIE 'EVE GE VIWYVWI, WI TYWI R
JVYRXIE EGIWXSV 'MKERM HMR %QIVMGE GI WI RYQIWG KEYGLS.
)VE RXVYGXZE YR V^FSM WJRX GIP TI GEVI-P TYVXE %VXMKEW. %WXJIP RGX
RMQMG RY TYXY W M WI QTSXVMZIEWG, RMGM TEVXMHYP WTERMSP GEVI R'IPIKIE G
VIRXSEVGIVIE PYM %VXMKEW PE 1SRXIZMHIS RWIQRE RPSGYMVIE MRXIPMKIR'IM TVMR
JSV'E FVYXEP.
'IM GI TVIZ^YWIQ EGIEWX RXSEVGIVI PE FEVFEVMI RY WI R#IPEWIV.
4IRXVY TVMQE HEX, FVFE'M ZEKEFSR^M, RIGMZMPM^E'M, PMTWM'M HI SVKERM^EVI, WI
KWIEY EHYRE'M PESPEPX RXV-YR GSVT HI EVQEX #M EZIEY YR KIRIVEP. %#EHEV,
GY %VXMKEW GE HMGXEXSV RGITI S TIVMSEH, SEVIGYQ EREPSEK GY WERW-
GYPSXMWQYP27 HMR 1793. 1SRXIZMHIS WI ZE ZIHIE XVIGRH WYF WXTRMVIE
SQYPYM GY TMGMSEVIPI KSEPI, GY GEWSRWMPPSW R ZRX, GY GLMVMTE IGSWI^, GY
TSRGLS-YP ^HVIR'YMX EGSTIVMRHY-M XSEXI EWXIE, GY TPVME TYW TI-S YVIGLI #M
GY FEVFMNS.
1SRXIZMHIS HIZIRM QEVXSVYP YRSV WGIRI RIQEMTSQIRMXI, KVSXI#XM,
YRISVM XIVMFMPI. %HIWIE, GPEWIPI WYWTYWI EPI WSGMIX'MM WI ZH R MQTSWMFMPMXEXI
HI E EG'MSRE; %VXMKEW, QEM TY'MR GVYH HEV QEM GYVENSW, HIZMRI GIIE GI E JSWX
QEM XV^MY 6SWEW.
3VMGX HI HI^EWXVYSEW E JSWX HMGXEXYVE PYM %VXMKEW, IE E EZYX XSXY#M
TEVXIE IM WXVPYGMXSEVI #M RE'MSREP. 4EVXIE EGIEWXE E JSWX PYTXE HYW HI
1SRXIZMHIS QTSXVMZE &YIRSW %MVIWYPYM, TI GEVI %VXMKEW P-E FXYX RIRGIXEX #M
E GVYM MR4YIR' TR PE YVQ E RMQMGMX-S GY HIWZV#MVI TVIGYQ #M RHVNMXE
WE VI^MWXIR' JE' HI EVQEXE TSVXYKLI^ GEVI MRZEH 'EVE R 1815.
4VIXI\XYP EGIWXIM MRZE^MM JY HI^SVHMRIE EHQMRMWXVE'MIM PYM %VXMKEW #M
RIGIWMXEXIE HI E WEPZE TSTSEVIPI ZIGMRI HI EWIQIRIE HI^SVHMRM GEVI TYXIEY
PYE RE#XIVI R WRYP PSV HEXSVMX I\IQTPYPYM GSRXEKMSW. 'LMEV RPYRXVYP 'VMM,
EGIWXI HI^SVHMRM WI M^FMWIV HI HYFPE QTSXVMZMVI E TEVXMHYPYM GMZMPM^E'MIM.
RHISWIFM GPEWIPI WYWTYWI HSVIEY HMR XSEX MRMQE S ZMGXSVMI GEVI W
RPSGYMEWG GY HSQMRE'ME TSVXYKLI^, EGIEWX HSQMRE'MI RE'MSREP GI EHYGIE
GY WMRI HIWJVREVIE #M XMVERME FVYXEP E JSV'IM QEXIVMEPI. 8SXY#M, GY XSEX
EGIEWX QSGRMX GSRWTMVE'MI HMRPYRXVY, GY XSEXI EXEGYVMPI TSVXIRSWMPSV #M EPI
TSVXYKLI^MPSV, %VXMKEW VI^MWX TEXVY ERM, HHY XVIM FXPMM GY HY#QERYP #M R
WJV#MX RZMRW WEY QEM FMRI ^MW ^HVSFMX TEW GY TEW, WI VIXVEWI R )RXVI 6MSW,
EHMG HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E 9VYKYE]YPYM. %GSPS, E#E JYKEV GYQ IVE, %VXMKEW
VITVI^IRXE RG, HEG RY TVMR JSV'IPI PYM, GIP TY'MR TVMR RYQIPI PYM, S TYXIVI HI
XIQYX, GRH 6EQMVI, PSGSXIRIRXYP WY, WI VIZSPX, VMHMG QTSXVMZE PYM XVIM
WJIVXYVM HMR SEQIRMM GI-M VQRIEY, P FXY R E#E JIP RGX W-M WTYPFIVI
WTIVER'E HI E-#M QEM VIGYGIVM TS^M'ME TMIVHYX #M-P WMPM W JYK HMR EGIEWX 'EV
YRHI, GE #M %RXIY, TVIE W-#M VIHSFRHIEWG TYXIVMPI SVM HI GXI SVM EXMRKIE
TQRXYP.
7I RXQTP EXYRGM GE, EWIQIRIE YRIM JYVXYRM GEVI WI QTV#XMI, HYT
GI E WIQREX R YVQE IM TVTH #M VYMR, %VXMKEW W HMWTEV #M W WI RJYRHI R
4EVEKYE] YRHI, GYQ EQ WTYW, R 1848, TI ZVIQIE GRH +EVMFEPHM ETVE
1SRXIZMHIS, IP QEM XVME RG, R ZVWX HI RSY^IGM #M XVIM WEY RSY^IGM #M
TEXVY HI ERM, R HITPMRXEXIE XYXYVSV JEGYPX'MPSV WEPI QMRXEPI #M GLMEV ETVSETI
E XYXYVSV JSV'IPSV WEPI 3^MGI.
%VXMKEW S HEX RZMRW, RMQMG RY WI QEM STYWI HSQMRE'MIM TSVXYKLI^I. )E
WI MRWXEYV R 'EV #M FEVSRYP HI 0EKYRE, JVERGI^ HI SVMKMRI, JY VITVI^IRXERXYP
IM R 1825. R EGIWX ER (1825) 1SRXIZMHIS, GE XSEXI TSWIWMYRMPI TSVXYKLI^I, E
JSWX GIHEX &VE^MPMIM.
1SRXIZMHIS JY SGYTEX HI S EVQEX HI STX QMM HI SEQIRM #M XSXYP TVIE
W-M EWMKYVI QTVEXYPYM S WXTRMVI PMRM#XMX.
%XYRGM YR QSRXIZMHIIER, TVSWGVMW, GEVI PSGYME PE &YIRSW %MVIW WXVMR. 7I
XVIM^IGM #M HSM HI XSZEV#M TVSWGVM#M GE #M IP, #M LSXV QTVIYR GY IM W VIHIE
TEXVMIM PMFIVXEXIE WEY W QSEV.
%GIWX TYQR HI TEXVMS'M WI QFEVG TI HSY ZEWI #M HIFEVG PE %VIREP-
+VERHI.
2YQIPI #IJYPYM GEVI M GSQERHE IVE .YER-%RXSRMS 0EZEPPINE.
0EZEPPINE WXEFMPMWI HI QEM REMRXI PIKXYVM GY YR TVSTVMIXEV HI PE 'EV
GEVI XVIFYME, R QSQIRXYP HIFEVGVMM WEPI, W-M 'MR GEMM TVIKXM'M. %#EHEV, HI
GYQ TYWI TMGMSVYP TI TQRX, M #M HHY HI ZIWXI SQYPYM WY, HEV EGIWXE M
VWTYRWI G XSXYP JYWIWI HIWGSTIVMX, GEMM VTM'M #M G, HEG 0EZEPPINE #M
XSZEV#MM PYM ZSMEY W-M EWGYPXI RHIQRYP M WJXYME W WI QFEVGI HMR RSY #M W
WI RXSEVG HIKVEF PE &YIRSW %MVIW.
(EV 0EZEPPINE VWTYRWI G IP TPIGEWI GY WGSTYP HI E QIVKI QEM HITEVXI,
RMGMHIGYQ HI E WI RXSEVGI RHVX; TVMR YVQEVI TSVYRGM ZWPE#MPSV W WI
RETSMI^I JV IP PE &YIRSW %MVIW #M, PE 19 ETVMPMI, QTVIYR GY GIM XVIM^IGM HI
SEQIRM EM WM, TYWIV, R RYQIPI PMFIVX'MM, WXTRMVI TI XIVMXSVMYP
1SRXIZMHISYPYM.
% HSYE ^M QMGE XVYT, GEVI VIGLM^M'MSREWI RM#XI GEM, VIGLM^M'MI PE GEVI, HI
EPXJIP, QENSVMXEXIE TVSTVMIXEVMPSV #M HHYWIV GSRGYVWYP, TSVRM R QEV# EWYTVE
GETMXEPIM #M RXPRM YR HIXE#EQIRX HI HSY WYXI HI GPVI'M. (MRXVI EGI#XM HSY
WYXI HI GPVI'M, TEXVY^IGM IVEY FVE^MPMIRM #M S WYX #EM^IGM SVMIRXEPM. %GIEWX
XVYT IVE GSQERHEX HI YR ZIGLM XSZEV# HI EVQI EP PYM 0EZEPPINE, GSPSRIPYP
.YPMIR 0EKYRE. 0EZEPPINE TYXIE W IZMXI PYTXE, HEV IP, HMQTSXVMZ, QIVWI HVITX
WTVI GIM HSY WYXI HI GPVI'M. 1EM REMRXI HI E WI RGMIVE RW, 0EZEPPINE M
GIVY S RXVIZIHIVI PYM 0EKYRE.
'I ZVI'M #M GI GYXE'M R 'EV# RXVIF 0EKYRE, ZIRMRH IP RWY#M
REMRXIE PYM 0EZEPPINE.
8SGQEM EQ IPMFIVEX 1SRXIZMHIS HI HSQMRE'ME WXVMR, VWTYRWI
0EZEPPINE. (EG WYRXI'M HI TEVXIE QIE, ZIRM'M GY QMRI. (EG WYRXI'M QTSXVMZE
QIE, TVIHE'M-Z EVQIPI WEY TVIKXM'M-Z HI PYTX.
)Y RY #XMY GI RWIEQR GYZMRXIPI E-'M TVIHE EVQIPI, VWTYRWI
0EKYRE #M WTIV G RMGM R-S W Q RZI'I RMQIRM ZVISHEX.
%XYRGM, HY-XI HI XI E#E^ R JVYRXIE SEQIRMPSV XM #M W ZIHIQ HI
TEVXIE GYM ZE 3 (SQRYP.
1 HYG, VWTYRWI 0EKYRE.
"M TPIG R KEPST WTVI E-#M RXPRM WSPHE'MM.
(EV, GLMEV R EGIP QSQIRX, 0EZEPPINE HIWJ#YV HVETIPYP RE'MSREP
EPFEWXVY, EPF #M VS#Y, PE JIP GY EP RSWXVY #M RHEX GIM S WYX #EM^IGM HI SVMIRXEPM
XVIGYV HI TEVXIE PYM.
'IM TEXVY^IGM HI FVE^MPMIRM JYV PYE'M TVM^SRMIVM.
1EV#YP PYM 0EZEPPINE EWYTVE 1SRXIZMHISYPYM HIZIRM HMR GPMTE EGIIE YR
QEV# XVMYQJEP, EP GVYM VI^YPXEX JY JETXYP G 6ITYFPMGE 3VMIRXEP, TVSGPEQEX
HI ZSMR'E #M HI IRXY^MEWQYP YRYM RXVIK TSTSV #M E4 PSGYP TVMRXVI RE'MYRM.
637%7 R ZVIQIE EWXE WI MQTYRIE YR RYQI GI EZIE W 3I RXV-S ^M
XIVSEVIE JIHIVE'MIM EVKIRXMRMIRI.
4Y'MR XMQT HYT VIZSPY'ME HMR 1810, YR FVFEX XRV HI GMRGMWTVI^IGI-
#EMWTVI^IGI ERM TPIGE HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, TVWMRH SVE#YP #M HYGRHY-WI PE 'EV.
%ZIE GLMTYP XYPFYVEX #M TEWYP MYXI.
%GIWX FVFEX XRV WI RYQIE .YER-1ERSIP 6SWEW.
4IRXVY GI RG ETVSETI GSTMP, EGIWX JYKEV TVWIE GEWE R GEVI WI
RWGYWI# 4IRXVY GI, SQ HI PE SVE#, WI HYGIE W GIEV E^MP SEQIRMPSV HMR
QYR'M# 4IRXVY G IP, GEVI RXV-S ^M EZIE W-#M TPQYMEWG TEXVME, #M TPQYMWI
QEQE #M FPIWXIQYP TVMRXIWG P YVQVIE.
%GIEWX RXQTPEVI, HI EPXJIP JV MQTSVXER', WI TMIVHY GYVRH R
^KSQSXYP IZIRMQIRXIPSV QEM MQTSVXERXI GI EZIEY PSG; #M R ZVIQI GI XS'M
ZIGLMM XSZEV#M EM JYKEVYPYM WI EHYREY WYF WXMRHEVHYP MRHITIRHIR'IM TIRXVY E
PYTXE QTSXVMZE HSQMRE'MIM WTERMSPI, IP WI TMIVHIE R TEQTEW, RGITIE ZME'E
HI KEYGLS, M EHSTXE GSWXYQYP #M QSVEZYVMPI, HIZIRIE YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM
GPVI'M #M YRYP HMRXVI FVFE'MM GIM QEM RHIQREXMGM R QRYMVIE PEWWSYPYM #M E
FSPIM, EWXJIP RGX, Z^RHY-P EXX HI MWGYWMX R EGIWXI I\IVGM'MM WPFEXMGI, GIP GI
RY P-EV 3 GYRSWGYX QEM HMREMRXI RY P-EV 3 PYEX HVITX YR SQ HI PE SVE#, GM YRYP
HI PE 'EV; RY YR TYIFPIVS JYKEV, GM YR EHIZVEX KEYGLS.
6SWEW MRXV QEM RXM GE TISR, EHMG ^MPMIV, PE S JIVQ, ETSM HIZIRM
GETEXE^. +EVMFEPHM RI-E WTYW GI IVE YR GETEXE^, TI YVQ QE]SVHSQS, XMXPY GI
WI I\TPMG HI PE WMRI. R EGIEWX HMR YVQ GEPMXEXI, IP EHQMRMWXVE FYRYVMPI
TYXIVRMGIM JEQMPMM %RILSVIRE. (I EMGM VI^YPX WMXYE'ME PYM HI TVSTVMIXEV.
-RXIR'ME RSEWXV IWXI W-P JEGIQ GYRSWGYX TI 6SWEW WYF XSEXI EWTIGXIPI,
W EVXQ GEVI-M IVE WXEVIE WTMVMXYPYM R XSMYP IZIRMQIRXIPSV GI WI TIXVIGIEY
EXYRGM.
R XMQTYP QMRYRMPSV WZV#MXI HI VIZSPY'ME QTSXVMZE 7TERMIM, 6SWEW WI
E4E PE &YIRSW %MVIW. 4I EXYRGM, GIP GI EZIE GYVEN, GYXE GIPIFVMXEXIE TI
GQTYP HI PYTX; GIP GI EZIE XEPIRX R GYPXYV, MEV GIP GI EZIE TVYHIR' S
GYXE R VE'MYRI. 6SWEW IVE HSVRMG HI GIPIFVMXEXI, HEV PE GI JIP HI GIPIFVMXEXI
WI TYXIE E#XITXE IP# 'I JEMQ TYXIE W HSFRHIEWG IP GEVI RY EZIE RMGM
GYVEN TI GQTYP HI PYTX, RMGM PYQMRM EPI VE'MYRMM# R 3IGI GPMT, EY^IE
VWYRRHY-M R YVIGLM GXI YR RYQI KPSVMSW. 4VMRXVI EGIWXI RYQI WI E4EY GIPI
EPI QMRM#XVMPSV 6MZEHEZME, 4EWS#, %KYIVS; WEY RYQIPI V^FSMRMGMPSV 7ER-1EVXMR
*, &EMIEGI, 6SHVMKYI^ #M 0EW ,IVEW.
"M XSEXI EGIWXI RYQI, EP GVSV IGSY ZIRIE HMRWTVI SVE#, EZIEY W
XVI^IEWG XGIVIE WMRKYVX'MPSV; HEV R EGIPE#M XMQT, XSEXI EGIWXI RYQI M
XVI^IEY YVE QTSXVMZE EGIWXYM SVE# GEVI XYXYVSV PI LV^MWI XVMYQJYVM, RYQEM
PYM M LV^MWI I\MPYP.
(EV GLMEV R ITSGE EGIIE, 6SWEW ZMWE PE ZMMXSV #M #M-P TVIKXIE. 6XGMRH
TVMR TEQTEW, EQIWXIGEX TVMRXVI KEYGLSW, IP HIZIRM XSZEV#YP HI QM^IVMI EP
WVEGYPYM, QKYPMRH TVINYHIG'MPI SQYPYM GQTMMPSV, VMHMGRHY-P QTSXVMZE
SV#ERYPYM, EVXRHY-M JSV'E #M WYTIVMSVMXEXIE RYQVYPYM #M RGIVGRH W-P JEG
W R'IPIEK G RYQEM HI-EV ZVIE IP, GQTME, PE VRHYP IM, EV HIZIRM WXTRE
SVE#YPYM, GEVI ZVIQI EXX HI RHIPYRKEX JYWIWI VIKMRE IM.
R ZVIQIE EWXE ERMM WI WGYVKIEY #M MEX-RI R 1820.
%XYRGM ETEVI 6SWEW PE SVM^SRXYP RHITVXEX EP TEQTEWYVMPSV, FM^YMRHY-WI
TI MR4YIR'E WE KVE'MI GVIME IP M-E WYTYW TI PSGYMXSVMM GQTMMPSV.
%Q Z^YX GI WI TIXVIGYWI PE 1SRXIZMHIS. 7 ZIHIQ GI WI TIXVIGIE PE
&YIRSW %MVIW.
1MPM'ME HMR &YIRSW %MVIW WI VMHMG QTSXVMZE KYZIVREXSVYPYM 6SHVMKYI^.
9R VIKMQIRX EP QMPM'MMPSV HI PE #IW, PSW GSPSVEHSW HI PEW 'SRGLEW VS#MM HMR
'SRGLEW, MRXV R SVE# PE 5 SGXSQFVMI 1820, EZRH R JVYRXIE PSV YR GSPSRIP
GEVI GYRS#XIE &YIRSW %MVIW-YP, MEV &YIRSW %MVIW-YP PE VRHYPWY P GYRS#XIE TI
IP.
'SPSRIPYP IVE 6SWEW. *
% HSYE ^M, QMPM'MMPI HI PE #IW #M QMPM'MMPI HI PE SVE# WI RGMIVEV; RYQEM G
R ^MYE EGIIE, GSPSRIPYP RY WI E4E R JVYRXIE VIKMQIRXYPYM WY.
TYXIVRMG HYVIVI HI HMR'M GEVI RGIX RHEX HYT XIVQMREVIE PYTXIM, P
'MRY TI 6SWEW, WTVI QEVIPI PYM VIKVIX, HITEVXI HI RGMIVEVI: #M HI GI RY#
3GXEZMER EZIE JIFV R ^MYE FXPMIM HI PE %GXMYQ. 28
6SWEW EVI QYPXI XVWXYVM GSQYRI GY 3GXEZMER; HMJIVIR'E GSRWX HSEV R
JETXYP G QEM XV^MY 3GXEZMER E HIZIRMX %YKYWXYW, GIIE GI RMGMSHEX, HYT
XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, RY ZE HIZIRM 6SWEW.
%GIEWX MRXVEVI E PYM 6SWEW R &YIRSW %MVIW JY WMRKYVE JETX V^FSMRMG
TI GEVI S WZV#M R XSEX ZME'E PYM TSPMXMG.
6WGYPE'MM HI PE SVE# JYV RZMR#M.
'Y EGIWX TVMPIN, 6MZEHEZME, ZIWXMX HI QYPX ZVIQI, WI VMHMG R JVYRXIE
XVIFYVMPSV, 3MRH RYQMX QMRMWXVY HI MRXIVRI.
6MZEHEZME IVE YRYP HMRXVI EGIM SEQIRM HI KIRMY GEVI ETEV R ^MPIPI HI
JYVXYR EPI VIZSPY'MMPSV. )P. 'PXSVMWI QYPX ZVIQI R )YVSTE. 4SWIHE S GYPXYV
YRMZIVWEP #M TVIE RWY4I'MX HI GIP QEM R4GVEX #M QEM EPIW, HI GIP QEM GYVEX
TEXVMSXMWQ: RYQEM G GMZMPM^E'ME IYVSTIER, TI GEVI S WXYHMEWI PE 4EVMW #M PE
0SRHVE M JEPWM3GEWI R'IPIKIVIE GY TVMZMVI PE ETPMGEVIE IM PE YR TSTSV GEVI,
RIEZRH R WTEXIPI PYM ^IGI WIGSPI HI PYTXI WSGMEPI, RY QIVKIE R TEW GY RSM.
)P ZVY W KVFIEWG QIVWYP XMQTYPYM, W JEG TIRXVY %QIVMGE GIIE GI 4IXVY GIP
1EVI JGYWI TIRXVY 6YWME; HEV, RIEZRH EGIPIE#M QMNPSEGI GE 4IXVY, RY M^FYXM.
4SEXI G EPXJIP, GY TY'MR EFMPMXEXI EHYKEX KIRMYPYM WY 6MZEHEZME EV 3
M^FYXMX; HEV IP NMKRM SEQIRMM R SFMGIMYVMPI PSV: YRIPI SFMGIMYVM WYRX S
RE'MSREPMXEXI; EPXIPI, S QRHVMI. #M FXY NSG HI GSWXYQYP EQIVMGER, #M EVX
VITYPWME JE' HI GLEUYIXE, HMWTVI'YP TIRXVY GLMVMTE, TIRXVY TMITXEVYP #M
JYWXERIPE SQYPYM HI PE 'EV; #M GYQ R EGIPE#M XMQT RY-#M EWGYRHIE TVIJIVMR'E
TIRXVY JVEG #M VIHMRKSX, RGIXYP GY RGIXYP HIZIRM RITSTYPEV #M WMQ'M GYQ M
WGET TYXIVIE TVMR WYTETIPI-TXYVMM HI NSW.
"M XSXY#M GXI PYGVYVM RY HHY IP 'VMM R WGLMQFYP E HSY QFVGQMR'M
TI GEVI ZSME W M PI ME# %HQMRMWXVE'ME PYM JY GIE QEM TVSWTIV HMR GXI E EZYX
ZVISHEX &YIRSW %MVIW; JSRHIE^ YRMZIVWMX'M #M PMGII; MRXVSHYGI RZ'QRXYP
R #GSPM. 7YF EHQMRMWXVE'ME PYM WYRX GLIQE'M HMR )YVSTE WEZER'M; EVXIPI WYRX
TVSXINEXI #M WI HI^ZSPX; R WJV#MX, &YIRSW %MVIW IWXI RYQMX, TI TQRXYP PYM
'SPYQF, %XIRE %QIVMGMM HI 7YH.
%Q QEM ZSVFMX HIWTVI V^FSMYP HMR &VE^MPME, M^FYGRMX R 1826. 4IRXVY E
WYW'MRI EGIWX V^FSM, &YIRSW %MVIW-YP JGY WEGVM3GMM YVME#I, #M WPIM 3RER'IPI #M
TVMR EGIEWX WPIMVI, WPFM VIWSVXYVMPI EHQMRMWXVE'MIM.
HEX 3RER'IPI WPIMXI #M VIWSVXYVMPI KYZIVRQRXYPYM WPFMXI RGITYV
MEV#M VIZSPY'MMPI.
'YQ EQ QEM WTYW, PE &YIRSW %MVIW GE #M PE 1SRXIZMHIS, STMRMMPI HI PE
WEXI #M HI PE SVE# VEV WI E4EY R EVQSRMI, RII\MWXRH RMGM S QFMREVI E
MRXIVIWIPSV. &YIRSW %MVIW-YP JGY S VIZSPY'MI.
RHEX GQTME WI VMHMG R QEW, TSVRM WTVI &YIRSW %MVIW, MRZEH SVE#YP
#M-#M JGY YR #IJ EP IM, YR #IJ EP KYZIVRQRXYPYM.
"IJYP IVE 6SWEW.
RGLMHIQ TEVERXI^E HIWGLMW GY GXIZE TEKMRM QEM REMRXI.
R 1830, 6SWEW IWXI, E#EHEV, EPIW KYZIVREXSV, WYF MR4YIR'E GQTMIM, GY
XSEX STS^M'ME SVE#YPYM, TI GEVI P KWI#XI TI NYQXEXI WXVYRMX HI TSPM'ME
EHQMRMWXVE'MIM PYM 6MZEHEZME.
%XYRGM 6SWEW, RGIEVG, IP, KEYGLS-YP TEQTEWYVMPSV, W WI QTEGI GY
GMZMPM^E'ME. 4EVI W YMXI QSVEZYVMPI WPFEXMGI TVEGXMGEXI HI IP TR EXYRGM:
#EVTIPI ZVIE W-#M WGLMQFI TMIPIE.
(EV SVE#YP VI^MWX EZERWYVMPSV WEPI, GMZMPM^E'ME VIJY^ W-P KVE'MI^I TI
XVERWJYKYP GEVI E XM'IGYX HI TEVXIE FEVFEVMIM. (EG 6SWEW WI RJ'M#IE^
QFVGEX RXV-S YRMJSVQ, SEQIRMM HI EVQI WI RXVIEF R #SETXI TI GI GQT
HI FXPMI #M-E GYGIVMX 6SWEW ITSPI'MM; HEG ZSVFI#XI RXV-S EHYREVI, TSIXYP P
RXVIEF TI SQYP HI KYWX HMR E-' GEW #M-E PYEX 6SWEW YR EWXJIP HI WXMP; HEG
ETEVI ME S XIVXYPPME1, JIQIMPI #M-P EVEX GY HIKIXYP, ^MGRH: -EX-P TI KEYGLS
XVEZIWXMX! "M XSEXI EGIWXIE GEVI-P LV'YMIWG GRH HMRXV-S TEVXI, GRH HMR EPXE,
P M^FIWG R TPMR SFVE^ GY QY#GXYVE YWXYVXSEVI E ITMKVEQIM ERSRMQI, TIRXVY
GEVI TSVXIRSWMM WYRX EXX HI VIRYQM'M.
'IM XVIM ERM EM KYZIVRVMM WEPI WI WGYVWIV R EGIEWX PYTX TI ZME' #M TI
QSEVXI HEX SVKSPMYPYM WY #M TSEXI G XSVXYVMPSV QSVEPI TI GEVI E JSWX WMPMX W
PI RHYVI R EGIEWX TIVMSEH PM W-EY HEXSVEX RY RYQEM JIVSGMXEXIE, FE GLMEV #M
YR WYVTPYW HI JIVSGMXEXI. %#E RGX, EXYRGM GRH 6SWEW #M HITYWI QERHEXYP #M
GSFSV WGEVE TEPEXYPYM GY WY4IXYP TPMR HI YV, GY MRMQE RIGEX R 3IVI,
R'IPIKRH G HMR GPMTE EGIIE SVMGI QTGEVI' RXVI IP #M SVE# IVE GY RITYXMR',
WI HYWI W-M VIKWIEWG TI GVIHMRGMS#MM WM KEYGLSW, W-#M VIKWIEWG JIVQIPI
EP GVSV WXTR IVE, EGIE GQTMI EP GVIM VIKI WI WMQ'IE; HEV JGIE XSXYP GY
KRHYP HI E WI VIRXSEVGI RXV-S ^M PE &YIRSW %MVIW GE HMGXEXSV, EWIQIRIE PYM
7MPPE TI GEVI RY-P GYRS#XIE, HIWTVI GEVI TVSFEFMP R-EY^MWI ZSVFMRHY-WI
RMGMSHEX, GEVI MRXVEWI R 6SQE, RXV-S QR GY WTEHE, MEV R GIEPEPX GY XSV'E.
"M TIRXVY E-#M EXMRKI EGIWX WGST, MEX GI JGY: GIVY WXTRMVMM W-M HIE S
GSQERH SEVIGEVI R EVQEXE GEVI QIVKIE QTSXVMZE MRHMIRMPSV WPFEXMGM;
+YZIVRQRXYP GEVI WI XIQIE HI IP, GVI^Y G-P RHITVXIE^ EGSVHRHY-M
EGIEWX JEZSEVI. M RGVIHMR' XSEXI XVYTIPI HI GEVI TYXIE W HMWTYR, YMXRH
G, EWXJIP, IP WPFIE, XVIGRHY-M TYXIVIE PYM 6SWEW.
6SWEW, S HEX R JVYRXIE EVQEXIM, TVSZSG S VIZSPY'MI PE &YIRSW %MVIW,
JGY W 3I GLIQEX PE TYXIVI, R-S TVMQM HIGX R GSRHM'MMPI TI GEVI PI MQTYWI IP,
RXVYGX HI'MRIE JSV'E EVQEX E 'VMM #M VIMRXV R &YIRSW %MVIW, GY GIE QEM
EFWSPYX HMGXEXYV GI W-E GYRSWGYX ZVISHEX, EHMG GY XSHE PE WYQE HIP
TSHIV TYFPMGE (GY HITPMRE HI'MRIVI E TYXIVMM TYFPMGI).
+YZIVREXSVYP GEVI G^Y WEY QEM HIKVEF TI GEVI-P VWXYVR, IVE
KIRIVEPYP .YER-6EQSR &EPIEGI, YRYP HMRXVI FVFE'MM GEVI JGYWIV GIP QEM
QYPX R V^FSMYP HI MRHITIRHIR', YRYP HMR #I3M TEVXMHYPYM JIHIVEP WTVMNMRMX,
HYT GYQ E3VQE 6SWEW, GLMEV HI IP RWY#M. &EPIEGI EZIE S MRMQ RSFMP.
'VIHMR'E JE' HI TEXVMI M IVE S VIPMKMI. )P GVI^YWI R 6SWEW #M GSRXVMFYMWI QYPX
PE VMHMGEVIE PYM. &EPIEGI JY TVMQYP TI GEVI 6SWEW P WEGVM3G. &EPIEGI QYVM
TVSWGVMW #M GRH GEHEZVYP PYM XVIGY JVSRXMIVE, TVSXIKYMX HI QSEVXI, 6SWEW VIJY^
JEQMPMIM W-M HIE PYM )EPIEGI RY RYQEM SRSVYVMPI TYFPMGI HEXSVEXI YRYM SQ GI
JYWIWI KYZIVREXSV, HEV GLMEV #M WMQTPE WPYNF JYRIFV GEVI WI S3GME PE
GTXMYP SVMGVYM GIX'IER.
%#EHEV, GY HEXE HI 1833 RGITY EHIZVEXE TYXIVI E PYM 6SWEW. 4VMQE WE
KYZIVREVI, HI EPXJIP, S HMWMQYPEVI GSRXMRY, RY-M HHYWI RG R ZMPIEK
MRWXMRGXIPI-M GVYHI GEVI M-EY EHYW HI EXYRGM RGSPS S WRKIVSEW JEMQ.
%GIEWX TIVMSEH RY JYWIWI TXEX HIGX HI QTY#GEVIE QEMSVYPYM 1SRb XIVS
#M E TVM^SRMIVMPSV HI PE 7ER-2MGSPEW. 8SXY#M, W RY YMXQ G EGIWXIM ITSGM M
GSVIWTYRH QEM QYPXI QSV'M WYQFVI #M RIE#XITXEXI, EGIPI QSV'M E GVSV HEX
MWXSVME S RWGVMI, PE RXQTPEVI, GY PMXIVI VS#MM R GEVXIE RE'MYRMPSV.
%WXJIP HMWTVYV HSM #I3 EM GQTMIM, E GVSV MR4YIR' TYXIE W-P
YQFVIEWG TI 6SWEW. (I EWIQIRIE, XSX PE EGIEWX HEX WI RWGVMI QSEVXIE PYM
%VFSMMXS #M E PYM 1SPMRE. 'IZE EWIQRXSV, TEVIQM-WI, WI RXQTP #M GIPSV HSM
GSRWYPM GEVI-P RXSZV#MWI, E TI 3GXEZMER R TVMQE WE FXPMI QTSXVMZE PYM
%RXSRMY.
7-P RJ'M#Q HIGM TI 6SWEW, GEVI, HISGEQHEX RI ETEVI HSEV GE
HMGXEXSV, HEV ENYRW PE GIP QEM REPX KVEH EP TYXIVMM, TI GEVI YR SQ #M-E EVSKEX
ZVISHEX HVITXYP W-S I\IVGMXI EWYTVE YRIM RE'MYRM.
'XVI 1833, EHMG R ITSGE PE GEVI EQ ENYRW, 6SWEW 3 R ZVWX HI
XVIM^IGM #M RSY HI ERM. %VI RJ'M#EVI IYVSTIER, TVYP FPSRH, XIRYP EPF, SGLMM
EPFE#XVM, JEZSVM'MM XME'M R HVITXYP KYVMM. *V FEVF, WEY QYWX'M. 4VMZMVIE M-EV 3
JVYQSEW, HEG EV TYXIE 3 ETVIGMEX; HEV 6SWEW W-E HITVMRW W RY-#M TPMZIEWG
R JE' RMGM TVMIXIRMM, RMGM HY#QERMM, HISEVIGI #XMI G RXV-YR TVMIXIR IP EVI
ETVSETI RXSXHIEYRE YR-HY#QER HIKLM^EX.
+PEWYP M IWXI FPENMR #M GRH EVI RIZSMI W TPEG, GSRZIVWE'ME RY-M IWXI
PMTWMX HI JEVQIG. 6ITYXE'ME PYM HI PE# IWXI TVSZIVFMEP. 6ITYXE'ME PYM HI
R#IPXSV IWXI YRMZIVWEP. %HSV QMWXM3GVMPI. )PI IVEY TVMRGMTEPE WE SGYTE'MI
QEM REMRXI HI E WI GSRWEGVE EJEGIVMPSV WIVMSEWI. 3 HEX PE TYXIVI, QMWXM3GVMPI
GSRWXMXYMV TIRXVY IP HSEV S HMWXVEG'MI.
(MWXVEG'MMPI M IVEY FVYXEPI GE #M 3VIE; R#IPGMYRIE WI R'IPIKI HI
QMRYRI GY FVYXEPMXEXIE. 7 HQ HSEV YRYP-HSY I\IQTPI: RXV-S WIEV, GRH
XVIFYME W GMRI^I QTVIYR GY YRYP HMR TVMIXIRMM WM, EWGYRWI ZMRYP TIRXVY
QEW #M PW R FYJIX RYQEM S WXMGP HMR JEMQSEWE HSGXSVMI 0IVS], HSGXSVMI
GIPIFV MRZIRXEX TI ZVIQIE PYM 1SPMIQ 4VMIXIRYP GYXRH ZMRYP, TYWI QRE
TI WXMGP. 'X HIWTVI GSR'MRYXYP IM, KWMRH G EVI YR KYWX HIWXYP HI TPGYX, P
KSPM R XMQTYP GMRIM. 6SWEW, EVFSVRH WSFVMIXEXIE, RY FY HIGX ET #M TPIG PE
JIVQE PYM RHEX HYT GMR, R XMQTYP RST'MM, TVMIXIRYP GVI^Y G TPIWRI#XI.
6SWEW VWI QYPX HI KPYQ. (EG TVMIXIRYP EV 3 QYVMX, JV RHSMEP G 6SWEW
EV 3 VW #M QEM QYPX.
'RH TVMQIE ZVIYR SV#ER RXV-YRE HMR JIVQIPI WEPI, M TPGIE W-P JEG
W RGEPIGI GEMM GIM QEM TY'MR HSQIWXMGM'M #M FYGYVME M IVE GY EXX QEM QEVI, GY
GX GHIVIE GPVI'YPYM IVE QEM TVMQINHMSEW.
'X XMQT KYZIVR, IP WI RGSRNYV RIGSRXIRMX HI QWGVMGM #M HI TEME'I
#M GLMEV R QMNPSGYP GIPSV QEM WIVMSEWI EJEGIVM, TWXVE R TVIENQE PYM EGIWX
GMYHEX ERXYVEN. 4I GRH EWIHME &YIRSW %MVIW, R 1829, EZIE TI PRK IP TEXVY
HMR EGI#XM QWGVMGM. *GYWI HMR IM GPYKVM, EP GVSV WXEVI' WI HIGPEVEWI GLMEV
IP, R ZMVXYXIE EYXSVMX'MM EFWSPYXI. )P M RYQIE: JVE] 1 &MKRE, JVE] 'LENE, JVE]
0IGLY^E #M JVE] &MWGEGLE. R EJEV HI TEME'I #M HI QWGVMGM, PYM 6SWEW M
TPGIEY HI EWIQIRIE HYPGI'YVMPI, HMR GEVI EZIE RXSXHIEYRE HI XSEXI JIPYVMPI,
R GSVXYP PYM. (YPGI'YVMPI RY IVEY HMWTVI'YMXI RW RMGM HI GXVI GPYKVM #M
YRISVM HMWTVIEY YRIPI FSVGERI. %XYRGM 6SWEW GLIQE XSEX GSQYRMXEXIE PE
WTSZIHERMI. 'PYKVMM #XMEY GX M-EV 3 GSWXEX W QMRX: E#EHEV, ZMRSZEXYP
QVXYVMWIE.
4I HEX ZMRSZEXYP IVE HIWTYMEX HI ^HVIR'IPI PYM #M FMGMYMX HI GIMPEP'M XVIM
XSZEV#M EM WM.
8SEX PYQIE P #XME PE &YIRSW %MVIW TI QYPEXVYP WY, )YWIFMS, #M EWXE QEM
EPIW HI GRH RXV-S ^M .PE S VIGIT'MI S3GMEP, PYM 6SWEW M ZIRM MHIIE W JEG #M
IP GY )YWIFMS GIIE GI QEHEQI (YFEVV] JGIE GY RIKVYP IM >EQSVI.
QFVGEX GE KYZIVREXSV, )YWIFMS TVMQM SRSVYVMPI EYXSVMX'MPSV R PSGYP #M
TIRXVY WXTRYP WY.
'Y XSEX TVMIXIRME TI GEVI 6SWEW S RYXVIE JE' HI QYPEXVYP WY RXV-S ^M
M WI R^VM W-M JEG S JEVW, S JEVW WPFEXMG PE JIP GE XSEXI GIPI TI GEVI IP PI-
RWGSGIE. )P WMQYP G WI HIWGSTIVMWI S GSRWTMVE'MI EP GVIM GET IVE )YWIFMS:
RMGM QEM QYPX RMGM QEM TY'MR WI TYWIWI PE GEPI YGMHIVIE PYM 6SWEW, GY TYQREPYP.
)YWIFMS JY EVIWXEX, GY XSEXI NYVQMRXIPI PYM HI HIZSXEQIRX. 6SWEW #M EZIE
NYHIGXSVMM PYM GEVI RY WI WMRGLMWIEY HEG EGY^EXYP IVE WEY RY ZMRSZEX. 6SWEW
EGY^, IM NYHIGEV #M-P GSRHEQREV TI FMIXYP )YWIFMS PE TIHIETWE GY
QSEVXIE.
)YWIFMS RHYV XSEXI TVIKXMVMPI WYTPMGMYPYM, WI WTSZIHM, JY HYW PE PSGYP
I\IGY'MIM, P KWM EGSPS TI GPY #M TI ENYXSEVIPI PYM; ETSM HISHEX, GE ^IYP HMR
XVEKIHME ERXMG, ETVY 6SWEW, ZIWXMRHY-P TI )YWIFMS G 3MGE WE, 1ERYIPMXE,
RHVKSWXMRHY-WI HI IP #M ZVRH W-P ME HI FVFEX, 6SWEW P KVE'ME^.
) HI TVMWSW W QEM WTYRIQ G )YWIFMS, GY XSEXI G R-E QYVMX HI TI
YVQE WYTPMGMYPYM, JY GX TI-EGM W QSEV HI WTEMQ.
%Q VSWXMX RYQIPI 1ERYIPMXIM; EQ EVXEX G IE IVE JEXE PYM 6SWEW. 7-S
WTYRIQ GMXMXSVMPSV JVERGI^M, GVSVE PI IWXI RKHYMX W RY #XMI GI RWIEQR, GE
JIQIMI, EGIEWX 1ERYIPMXE, TI GEVI 4VSZMHIR'E S E#I^EWI PRK XEXP IM GE YR
KIRMY FYR, E GVIM TVMRGMTEP RHIPIXRMGMVI R ^MPIPI JVYQSEWI EPI ZMI'MM WEPI, JY
W VITIXI R 3IGI ^M GYZRXYP MIVXEVI, GEVI YRIGVM M JY EGSVHEX.
1ERYIPMXE IWXI EWX^M S JIQIMI HI TEXVY^IGM HI ERM, GEVI HMR
HIZSXEQIRX JE' HI XEXP IM, TSEXI RXVYGXZE #M JE' HI QMWMYRIE TI GEVI S
TVMQMWI HMR TEVXIE GIVYPYM, RY W-E QVMXEX WEY QEM HIKVEF RY WI QVMXEWI
RG R 1850, HI PE GEVI HEX RSM EQ TMIVHYX-S HMR ZIHIVI.
0E HVITX ZSVFMRH, 1ERYIPMXE RY IVE S JIQIMI JVYQSEW; IVE GIZE QEM
QYPX, IVE S TIVWSER JIVQIGXSEVI, GY S 3KYV HMWXMRW, TPMR HI XEGX, GSGLIX
GE S IYVSTIER, JSEVXI TVISGYTEX QEM EPIW HI IJIGXYP TI GEVI P TVSHYGIE
EWYTVE WXVMRMPSV.
1ERYIPMXE E JSWX JSEVXI GEPSQRMEX, GIIE GI I GX WI TSEXI HI 3VIWG: IVE
3MGE PYM 6SWEW, EHMG E SQYPYM EWYTVE GVYME WI GSRGIRXVEY XSEXI YVMPI. *Y
EGY^EX G E QS#XIRMX MRWXMRGXIPI GVYHI EPI XEXPYM IM #M G E YMXEX, EWIQIRIE
3MGIM TETIM &SVKME, HI HVEKSWXIE 3PMEP TVMRW R ZVXINYP YRIM EPXI HVEKSWXI
QEM TXMQE# #M QEM TY'MR GVI#XMRIEWG.
2MQMG HMR XSEXI EWXIE. 1ERYIPMXE VQEWI RIQVMXEX HMR HSY QSXMZI:
QEM RXM TIRXVY G 6SWEW WMQ'IE YRISVM RIZSME W 3I MYFMX #M TIRXVY G #XME G
WMRKYVE HVEKSWXI EHIZVEX, HIZSXEX, MR3RMX TI GEVI TYXIE W WI FM^YMI IVE
HVEKSWXIE 3MGIM WEPI. 1ERYIPMXE E VQEW RIQVMXEX TSEXI #M TIRXVY G R
ZMWIPI WEPI HI VIKEPMXEXI, 6SWEW, EWX^M, YR WMQTPY TEVXMGYPEV TMIVHYX RXV-YR'
GSP' EP %RKPMIM, ZIHIE, GVIH, WXVPYGMRH R ZMMXSVYP RHITVXEX TIRXVY 1ERYIPMXE,
ZVIS EPMER' QEM EVMWXSGVEXMG HIGX GIPI PE GEVI EZIE HVITXYP W TVIXMRH TI-
EXYRGM.
2Y, TI GX HI WIZIV XVIFYMI W 3I MWXSVME JE' HI 6SWEW, XSX TI EXX,
I\GITXRH MTSXI^E HI E 3 RIHVIETX, XVIFYMI W 3I FPRH #M FPRH 3MRH, ZE
3 IGLMXEFMP GY 1ERYIPMXE; GIIE GI RSM WTYRIQ EMGM, R EGIEWX TEVXI E PYQMM,
3IGEVI S #XMI EGSPS #M R EHRGYP MRMQMM 3IGEVI ZE VIGYRSE#XI HVITX YR EHIZV
G 1ERYIPMXE E JSWX ZI#RMG WXEZMP, RITYXMRGMSEW YRISVM, GEVI STVIE QRME
XEXPYM IM, KEXE QIVIY W WI VIZIVWI. (I GSTMP, IE EZIE YR QMNPSG GMYHEX HI E
SF'MRI HI PE 6SWEW LEXVYVMPI TI GEVI M PI GIVIE; M GIVIE QYPEXVYPYM )YWIFMS W
VQR KSP WEY ETVSETI KSP, W M WI TYR #E #M, LEQYVM GE PE GEM, MEV IE #M
TSXVMZIE PE TMGMSVY#IPI-M HI ERHEPY^ TMRXIRM HI KEYGLS. )YWIFMS WI E#I^E, R
TEXVY PEFI; 1ERYIPMXE WI YVGE TI WTEXIPI PYM #M GMYHEXE EQE^SER ZIRIE W-#M
'STMI FYGIJEPYP SQIRIWG TVMR JE'E XEXPYM GEVI VHIE HI EGIEWX HMYVR
HISWIFMX #M, HYT GI VHIE, M RHITPMRIE 1ERYIPMXIM LEXVYP TI GEVI M-P GIVIE.
1EM XV^MY, HRHY-#M WIEQE G RY QEM TYXIE W JSPSWIEWG EGIWX QMNPSG,
SVMGX HI I3GEGI EV 3 JSWX, IE RGITY W RHITPMRIEWG TI PRK HMGXEXSV STIVE
TI GEVI S RHITPMRIE 1IGIRE TI PRK %YKYWX, GRH M EVYRGE XEFPIPI TI GEVI
IP WGVMWIWI: 7YVKI GEVRMJI\! 14M. (EV 1ERYIPMXE TVSGIHE EPXJIP. )E P GYRS#XIE
TI XEXP IM QEM FMRI HIGX SVMGMRI; M #XME ZERMX'MPI EWGYRWI PE GEVI IVE
WIRWMFMP. )E EQRE, WSPMGMXE #M YRISVM, HYPGI WSV HI GEVMXEXI FMRIGYZRXEX HI
(SQRYP, SF'MRIE GI ZSME.
1ERYIPMXE IVE XSXSHEX VIKMRE #M WGPEZE GQMRYPYM HSQIWXMG. 'SRHYGIE
GEWE, P RKVMNIE TI XEXP IM #M, EZRH R WIEQ XSEXI VIPE'MMPI HMTPSQEXMGI, IVE
EHIZVEXYP QMRMWXVY EP EJEGIVMPSV WXVMRI PE &YIRSW %MVIW.
R WJV#MX, HYT GYQ 6SWEW IVE S 3MR' GMYHEX GEVI RY WI PIKE HI RMQMG
#M RY WI GSRJYRHE GY RMQIRM R WSGMIXEXI, 1ERYIPMXE, HIZIRMX QEM XV^MY
1ERYIPE, IVE S 3MR' RY RYQEM GMYHEX R QMNPSGYP XYXYVSV, HEV GLMEV WXVMR
XYXYVSV #M GEVI XVIGY WSPMXEV TVMR EGIEWX PYQI, HITEVXI HI HVEKSWXIE
FVFE'MPSV #M PMTWMX HI WMQTEXME JIQIMPSV.
R EJEV HI IE, 6SWEW QEM EZIE YR 3Y RYQMX .YER, HEV GEVI R-E JSWX
RMGMSHEX EQIWXIGEX R TSPMXMGE XEXPYM WY, #M S JIXM' EFME MI#MX HMR GSTMPVMI,
EWX^M WS'MI GMRWXMX, QEQ JIVMGMX, GEVI TSEVX R TIVWSERE WS'YPYM IM YR
RYQI SRSVEFMP #M SRSVEX.
HEX ENYRW PE TYXIVI, 6SWEW W-E WXVHYMX HMR VWTYXIVM W ^HVSFIEWG
JIHIVE'ME, 0STI^, JSRHEXSVYP JIHIVE'MIM, GEHI FSPREZ: 6SWEW P GLIEQ PE
&YIRSW %MVIW #M-P RKVMNI#XI R GEWE PYM. 0STI^ QSEVI SXVZMX.
5YMVSKE, #IJYP JIHIVE'MIM E WGTEX HMR HSY^IGM HI PYTXI, YRE QEM
GYQTPMX HIGX EPXE; E VQEW HVITX TMPH TIRXVY GYVENYP WY, TVSZIVFMEP TIRXVY
PIEPMXEXIE WE. 5YMVSKE QSEVI EWEWMREX.
'YPPIR, WJIXRMGYP JIHIVE'MIM, HIZMRI KYZIVREXSV PE 7ERXE-*I. 6SWEW
YRIPXI#XI S VIZSPY'MI; 'YPPIR IWXI TVIHEX PYM 6SWEW HI GXVI KYZIVREXSVYP HI PE
7ERXMEKS. 'YPPIR IWXI QTY#GEX.
3VMGI SQ HI WIEQ R TEVXMHYP JIHIVEP EVI WSEVXE SQYPYM HI WIEQ HMR
-XEPME, TI ZVIQIE JEQMPMIM &SVKME. "M, TY'MR GXI TY'MR, 6SWEW, JSPSWMRH EGIPIE#M
QMNPSEGI GE %PI\ERHVY EP :P-PIE #M GE 3YP WY 'IWEV, ENYRKI W HSQRIEWG
EWYTVE VITYFPMGMM %VKIRXMRE, GEVI, HI#M EHYW PE S YRMXEXI HIWZV#MX, #M
TWXVIE^ XSXY#M XMXPYP TSQTSW HI JIHIVE'MI #M, PYGVY GMYHEX, ZE HIZIRM
HY#QERE YRMXEVIPSV.
7 WTYRIQ GXIZE GYZMRXI HIWTVI FVFE'MM TI GEVI M-EQ RYQMX #M W
VIRZMIQ TIRXVY S GPMT WTIGXVIPI PSV EGY^EXSEVI. %V 3 GIZE EWIQRXSV
WGIRIM PYM 7LEOIWTIEVI HMR 6MGLEVH EP -P--PIE, REMRXIE FXPMIM.
)\MWX, HI EPXJIP, PE XS'M EGI#XM FVFE'M S TVIJIVMR' WTVI WPFXMGME
TVMQMXMZ, GI QIVMX W 3I GYRSWGYX.!
%Q RGITYX GY KIRIVEPYP 0STI^. 3 WMRKYV TSZIWXMSEV RI ZE HE S MHII
HIWTVI EGIWX #IJ, HEV #M HIWTVI SEQIRMM GY GEVI EZIE IP HI-E JEGI.
0STI^ IVE KYZIVREXSV PE 7ERXE-*I. )P EZIE PE )RXVI-6MSW YR HY#QER
TIVWSREP, TI GSPSRIPYP 3ZERHS. %GIWXE HMR YVQ, JGYX TVM^SRMIV HYT S
VIZSPX, JY HYW REMRXIE KIRIVEPYPYM 0STI^.
+IRIVEPYP TVR^IE. P TVMQM HI QMRYRI TI 3ZERHS #M-P MRZMX W ME PSG PE
QEWE PYM. 'SRZIVWE'ME WI R3VMT RXVI IM GE RXVI HSM GSRZMZM GVSVE IKEPMXEXIE
HI GSRHM'MM PI MQTYRIE GIE QEM HIWZV#MX #M IKEP GYVXSE^MI.
8SXY#M, PE QMNPSGYP QIWIM, 0STI^ WI RXVIVYTWI FVYWG.
'SPSRIPI, ^MWI IP, HEG E# 3 G^YX R QRE HYQRIEZSEWXV, GYQ E'M
G^YX HYQRIEZSEWXV RXV-E QIE, #M EWXE R XMQTYP QIWIM, GI-E'M 3 JGYX#
:-E# 3 TSJXMX W Z E#I^E'M PE QEW, GYQ E'M JGYX #M HYQRIEZSEWXV
GY QMRI.
(E, HEV HYT TVR^#
%# 3 TYW W Z QTY#XI.
7YRX RGRXEX G Z-E ZIRMX MHIIE EWXE, GGM IWXI #M MHIIE QIE. :I'M 3
MQTY#IEX HYT GI Z ZI'M WGYPE HI PE QEW.
8VIFYMI W TPIG RHEX WEY W XIVQMR TVR^YP#
3L! XIVQMRE'M-P, GSPSRIPI, XIVQMRE'M-P; RY WYRXIQ KVFM'M.
'SRXMRYEV, E#EHEV, QEWE. 0YEV GEJIEYE #M PMGLMSVYVMPI; TI YVQ, HYT
GI FYV GEJIEYE #M PMGLMSVYVMPI, 3ZERHS ^MWI:
'VIH G I XMQTYP.
: QYP'YQIWG GE R-E'M E#XITXEX W ZM-S VIEQMRXIWG, VWTYRWI 0STI^.
%TSM, GLIQRHY-#M TPERXSRYP: 4PYXSRYP IWXI KEXE# RXVIF IP.
(E, HSQRYPI KIRIVEP, VWTYRWI WSPHEXYP.
%XYRGM, RXSVG-RHY-WI WTVI 3ZERHS, ^MWI:
%HMS, GSPSRIPI.
2Y, RY EHMS, GM PE VIZIHIVI, VWTYRWI EGIWXE; R-EM TEVXI HI S ZME'
TVIE PYRK R V^FSEMI GE GIPI TI GEVI PI TYVXQ RSM.
"M, WEPYXRHY-P TI 0STI^, MI#M. 'MRGM QMRYXI QEM XV^MY, YR VTMX HI
TY#G, VWYRRH TR R TVEKYP GEWIM PYM 0STI^, P ZIWXIE G GSPSRIPYP 3ZERHS
RGIXEWI W QEM I\MWXI.
7 XVIGIQ PE 5YMVSKE, )P RI IWXI QEM GYRSWGYX. 6ITYXE'ME, WE WXVFXRH
QVMPI, IGSYP E ENYRW PE 4EVMW. 1SHE W-E JGYX WXTR TI EGIEWX VITYXE'MI:
HI PE 1820 PE 1823, W-EY TYVXEX QERXEPI E PE 5YMVSKE #M TPVMM E PE &SPMZEV29;
TVSFEFMP G RMGMYRYP, RMGM GIPPEPX R-EY TYVXEX RMGM QERXEYE #M RMGM TPVME TI
GEVI EHQMVEXSVMM PSV PI TYVXEY PE HSY QMM HI PIKLI HITVXEVI HI IM.
'E #M 6SWEW, 5YMVSKE IVE YR SQ HI PE 'EV. R XMRIVI'I IP WPYNMWI GY
KVEHYP HI WIVKIRX R EVQEXE HI PMRMI QTSXVMZE WTERMSPMPSV. 6IXVEW R WEXYP PYM
REXEP, PE 6MSNE, WI EQIWXIG R TEVXMHIPI MRXIVRI, HIZIRM WXTRYP 'VMM #M, S
HEX ENYRW PE GIP QEM REPX KVEH EP TYXIVMM, WI EVYRG R PYTXE HMJIVMXIPSV JEG'MYRM
EPI 6ITYFPMGMM #M R EGIEWX PYTX WI HIWGSTIVM TIRXVY TVMQE SEV %QIVMGMM.
(YT YR ER, 5YMVSKE IVE WTEHE TEVXMHYPYM JIHIVEP. 2MGMSHEX ZVIYR SQ
R-E SF'MRYX EXEVM VI^YPXEXI TVMR WMQTPE JSPSWMVI E ZEPSVMM TIVWSREPI. 2YQIPI WY
WI FYGYVE HI YR TVIWXMKMY GI TVI'YME GX EVQEXI RXVIKM. -WGYWMXE WE XEGXMG R
XSMYP PYTXIM IVE W EXVEK WTVI IP GX QEM QYPXI TVMQINHMM GY TYXMR', MEV GRH,
R RGMIVEVI, WGSXIE WXVMKXYP HI V^FSM, JGRH W JVIEQXI R QRE, WE
PERGIE PYRK, GEVI-M IVE EVQE HI TVIHMPIG'MI, TR #M GIPI QEM FVEZI MRMQM
WMQ'IEY GI RWIEQR XIEQE.
5YMVSKE IVE GVYH, WEY QEM HIKVEF JIVSGI; HEV, R JIVSGMXEXIE PYM EZIE
XSXHIEYRE GIZE QVI' #M KIRIVSW. %ZIE JIVSGMXEXIE PIYPYM, RY TI GIE E XMKVYPYM.
'RH GSPSRIPYP 4VMRKPIW, YRYP HMR GIM QEM ETVMKM HY#QERM EM PYM, IWXI PYEX
TVM^SRMIV #M ETSM EWEWMREX, GIP GEVI P-E EWEWMREX #M GEVI WPYNI#XI WYF SV-
1 7MQSR &SPMZEV (1783-1830), KIRIVEP ZIRI^YIPIER, IVSY EP
MRHITIRHIR'IM WYH-EVRIVMGERI R GSR4MGXIPI GY 7TERME. % TYW FE^IPI
VITYFPMGMPSV 'SPYQFME (1819) #M &SPMZME (1825).
HMRIPI PYM 5YMVSKE, WI TVI^IRX R JE'E EGIWXYME, GVI^RH G E G#XMKEX S
FYR VIGSQTIRW. 5YMVSKE PEW W-#M TSZIWXIEWG GVMQE HYT GEVI
TSVYRGI#XI W 3I QTY#GEX.
%PX HEX, HSM S3'IVM ETEV'MRRH TEVXMHYPYM HY#QER, WYRX PYE'M TVM^SRMIVM
HI GXVI SEQIRMM WM, GEVI EQMRXMRHY-#M HI GLMRYVMPI YRYM XSZEV# HI-EP PSV M
EHYG HI HEXE EWXE TI GIM HSM, ZMM. 6SWEW PIGIVI W-#M TVWIEWG HVETIPYP #M W
WIVZIEWG WYF SVHMRIPI WEPI.
9RYP HMR IM TVMQI#XI, GIPPEPX VIJY^.
&MRI, ^MGI IP GIPYM GEVI E TVMQMX, W RGPIIQ #M W QIVKIQ W-P
QTY#GQ TI GEQEVEHYP XY.
%GIWXE, JV E JEGI ZVIS SFWIVZE'MI, WI KVFI#XI W HIE EWGYPXEVI,
WTSVSZMI#XI ZIWIP XSX HVYQYP IY 5YMVSKE, EP GVYM EHNYXERX WI #M ZIHI, R XMQT
GI GSRHEQREXYP, IWGSVXEX HI YR TMGLIX GY EVQIPI RGVGEXI, QIVKI XGYX, PE
QSEVXI.
%NYRW PE PSGYP HI I\IGY'MI, 5YMVSKE SVHSR S3'IVYPYM GEVI E VIJY^EX W-
#M XVHI^I TEVXMHYP, W WI E#I^I R KIRYRGLM; HEV, HYT GSQERHE: )R NSYI \,
IP WI STVI#XI.
,EMHI, WI EHVIW IP GIPYM GI WI #M ZIHIE QSVX, I#XM YR FVEZ! -E GEPYP
HSQRYPYM #M TPIEG.
"M EVX GEPYP VIRIKEXYPYM.
(EV IY# RXVIF EGIWXE#
8Y, VWTYRWI 5YMVSKE,. 8Y RY QEM EM RIZSMI HI GEP, GGM S W QSVM.
"M GY XSEXI VYKQMR'MPI TI GEVI M PI EHVIWIE^ R JEZSEVIE GEQEVEHYPYM
WY GIP GVYME XSGQEM M-E VIHEX ZME'E, IP P QTY#G.
5YMVSKE R-E JSWX RZMRW HIGX S HEX #M EXYRGM HI GXVI KIRIVEPYP 4E^,
*EFMYW-YP EQIVMGER, YR FVFEX ZMVXYSW #M TYV, GYQ R-E QEM JSWX ZVISHEX EPXYP.
)P HMWXVYWIWI R HSY VRHYVM EVQEXIPI PYM 5YMVSKE R KVSE^RMGIPI FXPMM HI PE
8EFPEHE #M HI PE 3RGEXMZS. )VE S TVMZIPM#XI QMRYREX TIRXVY EGIWXI XMRIVI
VITYFPMGM GEVI EFME WI R3VMTEY, W ZEH EVXE, XEGXMGE #M WXVEXIKME R PYTX TYWI
JE' R JE' GY GYVENYP RIWXTRMX #M GY ZSMR'E HI 3IV E PYM 5YMVSKE. (EV S HEX
KIRIVEPYP 4E^ JGYX TVM^SRMIV, PE S WYX HI TE#M HI EVQEXE WE, GY S PSZMXYV HI
FSME GEVI RJ#YV TMGMSEVIPI GEPYPYM, 5YMVSKE JY HI RIRZMRW.
6^FSMYP HMRXVI TEVXMHYP YRMXEV #M TEVXMHYP JIHIVEP S HEX WJV#MX, 5YMVSKE
RXVITVMRWI S GPXSVMI R TVSZMRGMMPI HMR MRXIVMSV. (EV, RXSVGRHY-WI HMR
GPXSVMI, IP JY RGSRNYVEX, PE &EVVERGEPPEGS, HI ZVIS XVIM^IGM HI YGMKE#M, GEVI
XVEWIV GY EVQE R XVWYVE WE. 5YMVSKE, FSPREZ, WXXIE GYPGEX RYRXVY; YR
KPSR', HYT GI WXVFXY YRE HMR XFPMMPI XVWYVMM, M ^HVSFM TMITXYP. (I#M VRMX HI
QSEVXI, IP WI VMHMG #M, TEPMH, RWRKIVEX, HIWGLMWI TSVXMIVE. :^RHY-P TI IVSY
R TMGMSEVI, HI#M YR GEHEZVY, YGMKE#MM S PYEV PE JYK. (EV 7ERXSW 4IVI^, #IJYP
PSV, REMRX HVITX WTVI 5YMVSKE, #M GYQ EGIWXE G^YWI RXV-YR KIRYRGLM, XVEWI
#M-P YGMWI.
%XYRGM YGMKE#MM WI VIRXSEVWIV #M WJV#MV XVIEFE RGITYX. *VE'MM 6IREJI
GEVI GSQERHEY PE 'SVHSZE, IVEY GIM GI GSRHYGIEY #M EGIEWX I\TIHM'MI, R
R'IPIKIVI GY 6SWEW. 6SWEW RW EZYWIWI KVMN W WI 'MR EXX HI HITEVXI, G
RMGM RY JY ^VMX. (YT EGIIE WI HHY HI TEVXIE GIPYM GEVI JYWIWI EWEWMREX HMR
SVHMRYP WY #M-M YVQVM TI YGMKE#M. )M JYV EVIWXE'M: #M QTY#GE'M.
6QRI 'YPPIR. 6 'YPPIR, RWGYX R. 7TERME WI WXEFMPMWI R SVE#YP 7ERXE-
*I YRHI WI EPMEWI GY 0STI^ #M HIZIRMWI QMRMWXVY #M GSRHYGXSV EP TSPMXMGMM WEPI.
-QIRWE MR4YIR' TI GEVI 0STI^ S EZY EWYTVE VITYFPMGMM %VKIRXMRE, HMR 1820
TR PE QSEVXIE WE, WYVZIRMX R 1833, JGY HMR 'YPPIR YR TIVWSREN I\XVIQ HI
MQTSVXERX. 'RH, R ^MPIPI PYM HI VIWXVM#XI, 6SWEW, TVSWGVMW, IQMKV PE 7ERXE-*I,
'YPPIR M JGY XSX JIPYP HI WIVZMGMM; HEV XSEXI EGIWXI WIVZMGMM RY TYXYV W-P JEG
TI ZMMXSVYP HMGXEXSV W YMXI G 'YPPIR IVE YRYP HMR SEQIRMM GI ZSMEY W TYR
GETX WXTRMVMM EVFMXVEVMYPYM R VITYFPMGE %VKIRXMRE. 8SXY#M, IP #XMY W-#M
EWGYRH VIEYE-GVIHMR' WYF ETEVIR'IPI GIPIM QEM QEVM TVMIXIRMM JE' HI 'YPPIR.
0E QSEVXIE PYM 0STI^, 'YPPIR JY RYQMX KYZIVREXSV PE 7ERXE-*I #M WI
GSRWEGV QFYRX'MVMM WXVMM EGIWXIM TVSZMRGMM; R EGIPE#M XMQT, R PSG W WI
EVEXI HY#QER EP FPSGYWYPYM JVERGI^, 'YPPIR RY-#M EWGYRWI WMQTEXME JE' HI
*VER'E, GSRWMHIVRH G TYXIVIE EGIWXIME VITVI^IRXE YR QEVI WTVMNMR TIRXVY
MHIMPI WEPI GMZMPM^EXSEVI. %XYRGM 6SWEW TVSZSG S VIZSPY'MI TI GEVI S WTVMNMRM R
QSH TYFPMG XVMQM'RH #M XVYTI. 'YPPIR, RZMRW, WI VIJYKMI R TVSZMRGME 7ERXMEKS
HIP )#XVM, TI GEVI S GSQERHE TVMIXIRYP WY, KYZIVREXSVYP -FEVVE. 6SWEW GEVI,
HI#M HMWXVYKRH JIHIVE'ME P #M HIGPEVEWI TI 'YPPIR WPFEXMG YRMXEV44, RGITY
XSXY#M RIKSGMIVM GY -FEVVE WTVI E M-P TVIHE TI 'YPPIR.
:VIQI RHIPYRKEX EGIWXI RIKSGMIVM I#YEV #M 'YPPIR, PE EWMKYVVMPI
TVMIXIRYPYM WY -FEVVE, GEVI NYVE G RY-P ZE TVIHE RMGMSHEX, WI GVIHIE WEPZEX,
GRH RXV-S ^M, RXV-YR QSQIRX GRH RY WI E#XITXE GXY#M HI TY'MR PE EWXE, JY
EVIWXEX HI GXVI WSPHE'MM PYM -FEVVE #M HYW PYM 6SWEW; HEV EGIWXE, E4RH G M-P
EHYGIEY TI 'YPPIR GETXMZ, XVMQMWI SVHMRYP W 3I QTY#GEX R QMNPSGYP HVYQYPYM,
TIRXVY G, TYRI IP RXV-S WGVMWSEVI GXVI KYZIVREXSVYP HMR 7ERXE-*I, GEVI-M
WYGGIHEWI PYM 'YPPIR, TVSGIWYP WY P GSRWXMXYMEY GVMQIPI WEPI, TI GEVI XSEX
PYQIE PI GYRS#XIE.
'YPPIR IVE YR SQ HI WSGMIXEXI EKVIEFMP #M GY YR GEVEGXIV YQER.
-R4YIR'E. 7E EWYTVE PYM 0STI^ E JSWX JSPSWMX RXSXHIEYRE WTVI E-M HSQSPM SVMGI
JIP HI EWTVMQI; HEXSVMX EGIWXIM MR4YIR'I, KIRIVEPYP 0STI^, GY XSEXI
VYKQMR'MPI PYM 6SWEW, RY RKHYM W 3I QTY#GEX RMGM QGEV YR WMRKYV
TVM^SRMIV HMRXVI GIM PYE'M R XMQTYP GEQTERMIM HMR 1831, GEQTERMI GEVI JGY W
GEH R TYXIVIE WE GIM QEM MQTSVXER'M #I3 EM TEVXMHYPYM YRMXEV.
(I EPXJIP 'YPPIR TYVXE, ETEVIRX, EQTVIRXE YRYM SQ GMZMPM^EX, HEV
WYTIV3GMEP MRWXVYMX #M GY XEPIRXI QIHMSGVI.
%#E W-E RXQTPEX G 6SWEW, WMRKYVYP SQ TSEXI GEVI R-E EZYX RMGM S
KPSVMI QMPMXEV TVMRXVI XS'M #I3M TEVXMHYPYM JIHIVEP, WI HIWGSXSVSWM HI GETMM
EGIWXYM TEVXMH; HI EXYRGM RGSPS, IP VQEWI WMRKYVYP TIVWSREN MQTSVXERX EP
VITYFPMGMM %VKIRXMRE, R EGIIE#M ZVIQI R GEVI IVE WXTRYP EFWSPYX EP &YIRSW
%MVIWYPYM.
%WXJIP 6SWEW, ENYRW EXSXTYXIVRMG, TSVRM W WI V^FYRI QTSXVMZE GPEWIPSV
WYWTYWI GEVI P TVMZMWIV EXXE ZVIQI GY HMWTVI'. R QMNPSGYP GIPSV QEM
EVMWXSGVE'M #M QEM IPIKER'M FVFE'M, IP WI EVXE RXSXHIEYRE QFVGEX GY
GLEUYIXE #M JV GVEZEX, HHIE FEPYVM TI GEVI PI TVI^MHE GY WS'ME #M GY 3MGE
PYM, #M PE GEVI MRZMXE R EJEV HI XSX GIIE GI &YIRSW %MVIW-YP EZIE QEM HMWXMRW,
GVY'E#M, QGIPEVM #M GLMEV TI GIM JV QSVEP HMR SVE#.
RXV-S ^M HIWGLMWI FEPYP, HERWRH GY S WGPEZ #M 1ERYIPMXE GY YR KEYGLS.
(EV RY RYQEM R GLMTYP EGIWXE TIHITWM IP QRHVE GIXEXI; TVSGPEQ
EGIWX XIVMFMP TVMRGMTMY; 'IM GEVI RY IWXI GY QMRI, IWXI QTSXVMZE QIE.
(MR ^MYE EGIIE SVMGI SQ GEVI-M HMWTPGIE; IVE GEPM3GEX WPFEXMG YRMXEV*1
#M GIP GVYME 6SWEW M HHYWI EGIWX RYQI RY QEM EZIE HVITX RMGM PE PMFIVXEXI,
RMGM PE TVSTVMIXEXI, RMGM PE ZME', RMGM PE SRSEVI.
%XYRGM, WTVI E TYRI R TVEGXMG XISVMMPI PYM 6SWEW, WI SVKERM^, WYF
EYWTMGMMPI WEPI, JEMQSEWE WSGMIXEXI 1EW-,SVGE, EHMG RG EPXI
WTR^YVXSVM. %GIEWX WSGMIXEXI IVE EPGXYMX HMR XS'M SEQIRMM JV PIKI #M
GSR#XMMR', HMR XS'M JEPM'MM, HMR XS'M ^FMVMM SVE#YPYM.
0E EGIEWX WSGMIXEXI 1EW-,SVGE, IVEY E3PME'M HMR SVHMR WYTIVMSV: #IJYP
TSPM'MIM, NYHIGXSVMM HI TEGI, R WJV#MX XS'M GIM GEVI XVIFYMEY W ZIKLI^I PE
QIR'MRIVIE SVHMRIM TYFPMGI; HI EGIIE, GRH QIQFVMM EGIWXIM WSGMIX'M
WTVKIEY GEWE ZVIYRYM GIX'IER TIRXVY E-P NIJYM WEY E-P EWEWMRE, GIP E GVYM
ZME' WEY TVSTVMIXEXI IVE EQIRMR'EX, WXVMKE R ^EHEV HYT ENYXSV, RMQIRM RY
IVE EGSPS WTVI E WI STYRI ZMSPIR'IPSV GVSVE FMIXYP SQ PI GHIE ZMGXMQ.
%GIWXI ZMSPIR'I IVEY WZV#MXI EXX PE PYQMRE ^MPIM GX #M R XSMYP RST'MM #M RY
I\MWXE RMGM YR QMNPSG WTVI E XI TYXIE JIVM HI IPI.
:VIQ GXIZE I\IQTPI# 7 PI HQ. 0E RSM XVIFYMI W VIQEVGQ G
RXSXHIEYRE, HYT EGY^E'MI, YVQIE^ NYHIGEXE.
R EGIEWX ITSG IPIKER'MM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW EZIEY SFMGIMYP W TSEVXI
JEZSVM'MM R JSVQ HI GSPMIV. (EV, WYF TVIXI\XYP G FEVFE XMEX EWXJIP, JSVQE
PMXIVE 9, EHMG 9RMXEV, 1EW-,SVGE TYRIE QRE TI EGI#XM RIRSVSGM'M #M M
VHIE GY GY'MXI TVSWX EWGY'MXI, MEV FEVFE GHIE QTVIYR GY J#MM HI GEVRI;
HYT GEVI, ZMGXMQE IVE PWEX R ZSME GETVMGMMPSV GIPIM QEM HI TI YVQ KPSEXI,
EHYREX HMR GYVMS^MXEXI PE WTIGXEGSP #M GEVI YRISVM QTMRKIE JEVWE 7RKIVSEW
TR PE QSEVXI.
4I EXYRGM JIQIMPI HMR TSTSV RGITIEY W TSEVXI R TV S TERKPMG VS#MI,
GYRSWGYX WYF RYQIPI HI QSRS. RXV-S ^M 1EW-,SVGE REMRX TR R TVEKYP
TVMRGMTEPIPSV FMWIVMGM #M XSEXI JIQIMPI GEVI MRXVEY WEY MI#IEY JV W EMF YR
QSRS TI GET, WI TSQIRMV G PM WI 3\E GXI YRYP GY KYHVSR 3IVFMRXI.
2Y QEM IVE 'YR PYGVY RISFM#RYMX W ZI^M S JIQIMI HIWTYMEX HI
QFVGQMRXI #M FMGMYMX R QMNPSGYP WXV^MM #M EWXE 3MRHG TYVXE S FEXMWX, S
VSGLMI, S TSHSEF SEVIGEVI, TI GEVI WI HMWXMRKIE GYPSEVIE EPFEWXV WEY ZIVHI.
%GIPE#M PYGVY WI RXQTPE GY FVFE'M HMRXVI GIM QEM HMWXMR#M #M IVE HI ENYRW W
ETEV R TYFPMG TYVXRH S LEMR WEY S GVEZEX, TIRXVY E WI I\TYRI GIPSV QEM
QEVM TVMQINHMM.
3 HEX GY TIVWSERIPI HIWIQREXI, JV RHSMEP, HI QEM REMRXI #M
ETEV'MRRH GPEWIPSV WYTIVMSEVI EPI WSGMIX'MM TI GEVI PI YVQVIE S V^FYREVI
RIZ^YX, HEV #XMYX, IVEY ZMGXMQI EPI EGIWXSV ZMSPIR'I WEY IVEY RGLM#M GY
WYXIPI #M GIX'IRMM EPI GVSV STMRMM RY WI EVQSRM^EY, W RY ^MGIQ GY GIPI EPI
HMGXEXSVYPYM. (EV TR #M GY GSQFMRE'MMPI RG RIGYRSWGYXI EPI ZMMXSEVIM WEPI
TSPMXMGM. 2MQIRM RY #XME TIRXVY GI GVMQ IVE EVIWXEX #M EV 3 JSWX YR PYGVY HI
TVMWSW W QEM E4M, RXVYGX #XME 6SWEW. %#E GYQ GVMQE VQRIE RIGYRSWGYX,
NYHIGEXE IVE #M IE HIGPEVEX MRYXMP #M R 3IGEVI ^M, WTVI E JEGI PSG TVM^SRMIVMPSV
HMR ^MPIPI YVQXSEVI, RGLMWSVMPI XMGWMXI WI HIWGSXSVSWIEY HI WYVTPYWYP
GETXMZMPSV GY ENYXSVYP E RYQIVSEWI QTY#GVM. %GIWXI QTY#GVM EZIEY PSG PE
EHTSWXYP RXYRIVMGYPYM #M SVE#YP WI XVI^IE FVYWG PE' ^KSQSXYP XYRIXIPSV
RSGXYVRI GEVI-P HIGMQEY.
(MQMRIE'E, GIIE GI RY WI TSQIRMWI RMGM GLMEV R *VER'E TI ZVIQIE GIPSV
QEM XIVMFMPI ^MPI HMR 1793, ZIHIEM GVY'E#MM TSPM'MIM EHYRRH R PMRM#XI, HI TI
WXV^M, XVYTYVMPI GIPSV EWEWMRE'M, ETSM HYGRHY-WI W VMHMGI HMR RGLMWSEVI
XVYTYVMPI GIPSV TI GEVI M QTY#GEWIV, GVRH XSEXI EGIWXI GEHEZVI WTVI YR
#ER' EHRG YRHI PI EVYRGEY HI-E ZEPQE, JV W PI 3I RKHYMX VYHIPSV
ZMGXMQIPSV RMGM QGEV W ZMRT W #M-M VIGYRSEWG TI EM PSV #M W PI JEG S WPYNF.
(EV EWXE RY IVE XSXYP: GVY'E#MM GEVI GSRHYGIEY EGIWXI NEPRMGI VQ#M'I,
#M ZIWXIEY WSWMVIE TVMR KPYQI HI#YGLIEXI GEVI JGIEY GE TSV'MPI W WI RGLMH
#M PYQIE W JYK; EY JSWX Z^YXI GETIXI HIWTVMRWI HI XVYTYVM, ETSM GS#YVM
YQTPYXI GY EGIWXI GETIXI, #M GVY'E#MM MQMXRH WXVMKXYP SFM#RYMX EP
RIKYWXSVMPSV HI JVYGXI HI PE 'EV, PI SJIVIEY XVIGXSVMPSV RWTMQRXE'M,
WXVMKRH:
,EM PE TMIVWMGM YRMXEVI! 'MRI ZVIE TMIVWMGM YRMXEVI!
R GYVRH GEPGYPYP HHY QRE GY FEVFEVME, GSR3WGEVIE GY QSEVXIE.
6SWEW R'IPIKIE G WMRKYVYP QMNPSG HI E WI QIR'MRI PE TYXIVI IVE W
GVII^I R NYVYP PYM MRXIVIWI MRWITEVEFMPI HI EPI WEPI.
%WXJIP IP EVX YRIM TV'MM E WSGMIX'MM EZIVIE GIPIMPEPXI, ^MGRHY-M: %WXE
'M ETEV'MRI!
(MR EGIP QSQIRX RGITY VYMRE ZIGLMPSV TVSTVMIXEVM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW #M
WI Z^YV ETVRH EZIVM VETMHI #M WGERHEPSEWI PE TVMIXIRMM PYM 6SWEW.
'IIE GI RY RHV^RMWI W ZMWI^I RMGM YR XMVER, GIIE GI RY-M HHYWI TVMR
QMRXI RMGM PYM 2IVSR #M RMGM PYM (SQM'MER, E WZV#MX 6SWEW; HYT GI M-E YGMW
XEXP, IP M-E MRXIV^MW 3YPYM W TSEVXI HSPMY. 0IKIE GEVI GSR'MRIE EGIEWX
MRXIVHMG'MI JY TVSGPEQEX #M E3#EX #M XVIFYME RIKVI#MX W 3I TVSGPEQEX #M
E3#EX, GGM R PMTWE IM RY W-EV 3 Z^YX HIGX ZI#QMRXI HI HSPMY PE &YIRSW-
%MVIW.
)\GIWIPI HIWTSXMWQYPYM M PSZMV #M TI WXVMRM #M TVMRXVI EP'MM TI G'MZE
JVERGI^M. 6SWEW, GEVI GVIHIE G XSXYP M IWXI RKHYMX JE' HI IM, TYWI PE KVIE
RGIVGEVI VFHEVIE VIKIPYM 0YHSZMG-*MPMT, VFHEVI FMRIGYRSWGYX XSXY#M, #M HYWI
PE JSVQEVIE TVMQYPYM FPSGYW MRWXMXYMX R *VER'E.
(EV GPEWIPI WYWTYWI EPI WSGMIX'MM, EWXJIP QEPXVEXEXI, RGITYV W JYK
HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, #M WTVI E-#M KWM YR VIJYKMY, #M E'MRXMV TVMZMVIE EWYTVE
WXEXYPYM* 3VMIRXEP, YRHI GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI HMR SVE#YP TVSWGVMW ZIRM W-#M
GEYXI YR EHTSWX.
>EHEVRMG TSPM'ME PYM 6SWEW #M RHSM ZMKMPIR'E, ^EHEVRMG TIHITWIE GY
QSEVXIE IQMKVEVIE, ^EHEVRMG EGIWXIM TIHITWI M WI EHYWIV GSQTPIXVM
GYQTPMXI. R GYVRH 6SWEW GSRWXEX G QSEVXIE RY QEM IVE HI ENYRW; XIVSEVIE
#M YVE TI GEVI PI MRWTMVE IVEY QEM TYXIVRMGI HIGX QMNPSEGIPI MRZIRXEXI HI IP,
IQMKVEVIE PYE TVSTSV'MM GIEW HI GIEW, GPMT HI GPMT. ''E S JEQMPMI RXVIEK W
TSEX JYKM XVIFYME KWMX S FEVG HIWXYP HI QEVI TIRXVY E RGTIE XS'M R IE #M
HYT GI KWIEY FEVGE, XEX. 1EQ, GSTMM, JVE'M, WYVSVM, WI RKVQHIEY
RYRXVY HI-E ZEPQE TVWMRH GEW, FYRYVM, EZIVI; #M R 3IGI ^M ZIHIEM WSWMRH
R WXEXYP 3VMIRXEP, EHMG PE 1SRXIZMHIS, GXIZE EWIQIRIE FVGM HI TEWEKIVM
GEVI RY QEM EZIEY EPX EZIVI HIGX QFVGQMRXIE HI TI IM.
"M RMGMYRYP HMR EGI#XM JYKEVM RY W-E GMX ZVISHEX, RGVI^RHY-WI R
SWTMXEPMXEXIE TSTSVYPYM SVMIRXEP; EGIEWX SWTMXEPMXEXI JY QEVI #M KIRIVSEW,
GYQ EV 3 JSWX GIE E YRIM VITYFPMGM ERXMGI; S SWTMXEPMXEXI PE GEVI, HI EPXJIP,
TSTSVYP EVKIRXMRMER XVIFYME W WI E#XITXI GE HI PE TVMIXIRM, WEY QEM HIKVEF
GE HI PE JVE'M, GEVI HI EXXIE SVM #M YRMWIV HVETIPIPI. 'Y EPI PSV WTVI E PYTXE
QTSXVMZE IRKPI^YPYM, WTERMSPYPYM WEY FVE^MPMERYPYM, HY#QERM GSQYRM, HY#QERM
WXVMRM QEM TY'MR TVMQINHMS#M HIGX HY#QERYP GEVI WI RWGYWI R QMNPSGYP PSV.
%VKIRXMRMIRMM WSWIEY #M HIFEVGEY GY KVQEHE, MEV PSGYMXSVMM M E#XITXEY R
TSVX #M TI QWYV GI IM TYRIEY TMGMSVYP TI TQRX, #M PYEY R TVMQMVI RYQVYP
HI IQMKVER'M TI GEVI-M TYXIEY TVMQM TSXVMZMX VIWYVWIPSV FRI#XM WEY QVMQMM
PSGYMR'IM PSV. %TSM, EPMQIRXI, FERM, QFVGQMRXI, XSXYP IVE TYW PE. (MWTS^M'ME
EGIWXSV RIRSVSGM'M TR R GPMTE GRH TYXIEY W-#M KWIEWG YRIPI VIWYVWI,
PYGVY R GEVI M ENYXE XSEX PYQIE; #M IM, PE VRHYP PSV, VIGYRSWGXSVM, WI ETYGEY
MQIHMEX HI QYRG WTVI E Y#YVE TSZEVE TI GEVI PI-S MQTYRIEY KE^HIPSV PSV #M
HRHY-PI EWXJIP TSWMFMPMXEXIE HI E TVMQM RSM JYKEVM. 4IRXVY E-#M EXMRKI WGSTYP,
TIVWSERIPI GIPI QEM SFM#RYMXI, GY XSEXI TPGIVMPI PY\YPYM RHITPMRIEY GIPI QEM
YQMPI QIWIVMM, RRSFMPRHY-PI GY EXX QEM QYPX GY GX EGIWXI QIWIVMM IVEY GY
HIWZV#MVI WXVMRI HI WXEVIE PSV WSGMEP.
%#E WI JGY G GIPI QEM JVYQSEWI RYQI EPI VITYFPMGMM %VKIRXMRE 3KYVEV
R IQMKVE'MI.
0EZEPPI, GIE QEM WXVPYGMX WTEH E EVQEXIM; *PSVIRGMS :EVIME, GIP QEM
EHQMVEFMP XEPIRX EP IM; %KYIVS, YRYP HMR TVMQMM FVFE'M HI WXEX; )GLEZIVVME, YR
0EQEVXMRI HMR 0E 4PEXE; 0E :IKE, &E]EVH-YP EVQEXIM %R^MPSV, +YXXMIVI^, JIVMGMXYP
GRXVI' EP KPSVMMPSV RE'MSREPI, %PWMRE, QEVIPI EZSGEX #M MPYWXVYP GIX'IER, ETEV
TVMRXVI RYQIPI IQMKVER'MPSV, HYT GYQ ETEV #M 7EIR^, :EPMIRXI, 1SPMRS, 8SVVIW,
6EQSW, 1IKME, QEVMM TVSTVMIXEVM; H'Y'E GYQ QEM ETEV #M 6SHVMKYI^, FXVRYP
KIRIVEP'EXX EP EVQEXIPSV MRHITIRHIR'IM GX #M EP EVQEXIPSV YRMXEVI; 3PS^EFEP,
YRYP HMR GIM QEM FYRM SWXE#M EM EVQEXIM %R^MPSV, EP GVIM &E]EVH IVE, HYT GYQ
EQ WTYW, 0E :IKE. *ETX I G 6SWEW P YVQVIE EXX TI YRMXEV GX #M TI JIHIVEP,
TVISGYTEX HSEV HI YR WMRKYV PYGVY: W WGETI HI XS'M GIM GI TYXIEY W-M 3I YR
SFWXEGSP R GEPIE HMGXEXYVMM WEPI.
9VE TI GEVI 6SWEW S TYVXE WXEXYPYM 3VMIRXEP WI HEXSVI#XG SWTMXEPMX'MM
EGSVHEXI HI EGIWXE SEQIRMPSV TI GEVI IP M YVQVIE.
R ITSGE HIWTVI GEVI EQMRXMQ, TVI#IHMR'ME 6ITYFPMGMM IVE I\IVGMXEX HI
KIRIVEPYP *VYGXYSWS 6MZIVE.
6MZIVE, EP GVYM RYQI P-EQ QEM TSQIRMX, IVE YR SQ HI PE 'EV GE #M
6SWEW, GE #M 5YMVSKE; RYQEM G XSEXI MRWXMRGXIPI PYM P QREY WTVI GMZMPM^E'MI,
GIIE GI JGIE HMR IP ERXMTSHYP PYM 6SWEW. 'E V^FSMRMG, FVEZYVE PYM 6MZIVE R-E
JSWX HIT#MX; GE SQ HI TEVXMH, KIRIVS^MXEXIE RY M-E JSWX IKEPEX. 8MQT HI
XVIM^IGM #M GMRGM HI ERM, IP E JSWX Z^YX TI WGIRIPI TSPMXMGI EPI 'VMM WEPI. 8MQT
HI XVIM^IGM #M GMRGM HI ERM, IP E JSWX Z^YX TYRRH QRE TI EVQ GLMEV R GPMTE
GRH WI VSWXIEY GYZMRXIPI: 6^FSM WXVMRMPSV!
'RH RGITY VIZSPY'ME QTSXVMZE 7TERMIM, IP #M WEGVM3G EZIVIE; GGM
TIRXVY IP, RIZSME HI E WI HVYM IVE HI RIRZMRW; RY IVE RYQEM KIRIVSW, IVE
GLMEV VMWMTMXSV.
"M, HYT GYQ 6MZIVE IVE VMWMTMXSV, JE' HI SEQIRM, (YQRI^IY JYWIWI
VMWMTMXSV JE' HI IP. )VE YR GEZEPIV JVYQSW, R WIRWYP EHIZVEX EP GYZRXYPYM
WTERMSP GEFEPPIVS, TVMR GEVI WI R'IPIKI XSXSHEX WSPHEXYP #M KIRXMPSQYP; GY S
TMIPI WQIEH, REPX HI WXEXYV, GY TVMZMVIE TXVYR^XSEVI, ZSVFMRH GY KVE'MI #M
ERXVIRRHY-#M MRXIVPSGYXSVMM RXV-YR GIVG JEWGMRERX, GY YR KIWX GI RY-M
ETEV'MRIE HIGX PYM; E JSWX SQYP GIP QEM TSTYPEV HMR WXEXYP 3VMIRXEP; HEV
XVIFYMI W-S WTYRIQ G RMGMSHEX YR QEM VY EHQMRMWXVEXSV R-E HI^SVKERM^EX
VIWYVWIPI FRI#XM EPI TSTSVYPYM. #M VMWMTMWI TVSTVME EZIVI #M E VMWMTMX #M EZIVIE
TYFPMG, RY WTVI E #M-S VIJEGI TI E PYM, GM TIRXVY G-#M TWXVEWI GE SQ HI WXEX,
XSEXI SFMGIMYVMPI TVMRGMEVI EPI SQYPYM TEVXMGYPEV.
(EV R ITSGE PE GEVI MEX-RI ENYR#M, EGIEWX VYMR RG RY WI VIWMQ'IE.
6MZIVE HI-EFME #M PYEWI R TVMQMVI TVI#IHMR'ME, #M TVI#IHMR'ME WE IVE
RGSRNYVEX HI GIM QEM GETEFMPM FVFE'M EM 'VMM! 3FI^, ,IVVIVE, :EWUYI^,
%PZEVIW, )PPEYVM, 0YM^-)HYEVH 4IVI^, IVEY GY EHIZVEX, HEG RY QMRM#XVMM PYM, GIP
TY'MR GSRWMPMIVMM KYZIVRQRXYPYM WY, #M TVMR EGI#XM FVFE'M, XSX GIIE GI
RWIQRE TVSKVIW, PMFIVXEXI #M TVSWTIVMXEXI IVE EWMKYVEX EGIWXIM JVYQSEWI 'VM.
3FI^, TVMQYP HMRXVI TVMIXIRMM PYM 6MZIVE, IVE YR FVFEX GY YR GEVEGXIV
ERXMG; TEXVMSXMWQYP, HIQRMXEXIE, XEPIRXIPI WEPI I\GIT'MSREPI, EHRGE WE
MRWXVYMVI P WMXYIE^ R VRHYP QEVMPSV SEQIRM EM %QIVMGMM. 4IRXVY GE RMQMG W
RY PMTWIEWG TSTYPEVMX'MM WEPI, E QYVMX TVSWGVMW 3MRH YRE HMR TVMQIPI ZMGXMQI
EPI WMWXIQYPYM PYM 6SWEW R WXEXYP 3VMIRXEP.
0YM^-)HYEVH 4IVI^ IVE YR %VMWXMHI PE 1SRXIZMHIS. 6ITYFPMGER WIZIV,
TEXVMSX I\EPXEX, IP #M GSRWEGV PYRKE WE I\MWXIR' ZMVXY'MM, PMFIVX'MM #M 'VMM WEPI.
:EWUYI^, FVFEX MRWXVYMX #M HI XEPIRX, RGITY W EHYG 'VMM TVMQIPI
WIVZMGMM PE EWIHMYP 1SRXIZMHISYPYM, R V^FSMYP QTSXVMZE 7TERMIM, #M-#M WJV#M
GEVMIVE TI ZVIQIE EWIHMYPYM QTSXVMZE PYM 6SWEW.
,IVVIVE, %PZEVI^ #M )PPEYVM, GYQRE'M GY 3FI^, RY VQEWIV QEM TVINSW HI
GIM TI GEVI M-EQ RYQMX; IM ETEV'MR RY RYQEM WXEXYPYM 3VMIRXEP GE ETVXSVM
HIZSXE'M EM PYM, HEV #M GEY^IM EQIVMGERI R RXVIKMQI.
2YQIPI PSV ZSV 3 HI EWIQIRIE TI ZIGM WEGVI TI EGIWX ZEWX TQRX EP
PYM 'SPYQF GEVI WI RXMRHI HI PE 'ETYP ,SVR TR PE WXVQXSEVIE PYM &ILVMRK.
1%29)0 36-&) 4VI#IHMR'ME PYM 6MZIVE PY WJV#MX R 1834. M YVQ
KIRIVEPYP 1ERYIP 3VMFI, HEXSVMX GLMEV MR4YIR'IM PYM 6MZIVE, GEVI RHNHYME W
EMF R IP YR TVMIXIR #M YR GSRXMRYEXSV EP WMWXIQYPYM WY. RXV-EHIZV, 1ERYIP
3VMFI JYWIWI RYQMX KIRIVEP HI GXVI 6MZIVE #M JGYWI TEVXI HMR TVIGIHIRXE
EHQMRMWXVE'MI GE QMRMWXVY HI V^FSM.
3VMFI ETEV'MRIE YRIME HMR TVMQIPI JEQMPMM EPI 'VMM. )P PYTX TIRXVY
ETVEVIE IM #M WI HMWXMRWI RXSXHIEYRE TVMR FVEZYVE WE TIVWSREP. %ZIE YR
WTMVMX WPEF, S MRXIPMKIR' VIHYW: EWXE I\TPMG EPMER'E PYM GY 6SWEW, GVYME M WI
EPXYV GY XVYT #M WY4IX, JV E WI KRHM G EGIEWX EPMER' EHYGIE HYT IE
RW#M TMIVHIVIE MRHITIRHIR'IM, TIRXVY GEVI IP, 3VMFI, PYTXEWI HI EXXIE SVM.
'E KTRIVEP, HSZIHM S XSXEP MRGETEGMXEXI. 4EXMQMPI PYM EZIY ZMSPIR'E
SVKERMWQIPSV RIVZSEWI #M-P QTMRKIEY PE GVY^MQI. R ZME'E TEVXMGYPEV IVE YR
SQ GYQWIGEHI.
'E EHQMRMWXVEXSV, IP. *Y QEM IGSRSQ HIGX 6MZIVE #M RY M WI TSEXI
VITVS#E G EV 3 QVMX HI3GMXYP XI^EYVYPYM TYFPMG, XSXY#M PYM M VIZMRI RXVIEKE
VWTYRHIVI E VYMRMM WXEXYPYM 3VMIRXEP. 9MXRH G RY IWXI HI ENYRW W ZVIM, WTVI
E 3 #IJ HI TEVXMH, IP VIJY^ W VQR PIKEX HI QEVIPI TEVXMH RE'MSREP GEVI P
EZIE GE #IJ TI 6MZIVE. :VY W-#M JSVQI^I YR TEVXMH EP WY, XVI^M RIRGVIHIVIE
'VMM #M, WTIVMEX HI WPFMGMYRIE WE, WI EVYRG RXV-S ^M R FVE'IPI PYM 6SWEW. (I#M
XVEXEXYP VQEWIWIGVIX, 'EVE VIGYRSWGY EGIEWX EPMER', Z^RH SWXMPMX'MPI
WYVHI EPI KYZIVRQRXYPYM QTSXVMZE IQMKVVMM EVKIRXMRMIVI, #M GYQ RMQMG RY
IVE QEM TSXVMZRMG STMRMIM 'VMM HIGX WMWXIQYP PYM 6SWEW, 'EVE P YVQ TI
KIRIVEPYP 6MZIVE, R QSQIRXYP GRH EGIWXE WI VMHMG, R 1836, R JVYRXIE YRIM
VIZSPY'MM QTSXVMZE PYM 3VMFI.
'Y XSEX EGIEWX XSXEP YRERMQMXEXI GSTPI#MXSEVI GEVI-P EQIRMR'E, 3VMFI
VI^MWX TR R 1838.
3VMFI G^Y HI PE TVI#IHMR'MI TVMRXV-S 'IRYR'EVI JGYX R QSH S3GMEP R
JE'E 'EQIVIPSV #M TPIG HMR 'EV, HYT GI GIVYWI EGIPSVE#M 'EQIVI
TIVQMWMYRIE HI E WI VIXVEKI.
(EV, S HEX TPIGEX HMR 'EV, 6SWEW P WMPM W TVSXIWXI^I QTSXVMZE EGIWXIM
VIRYR'VM #M, PYGVY RIQEMZ^YX TR EXYRGM R %QIVMGE, P VIGYRSWGY HVITX #IJ
EP KYZIVRYPYM YRIM 'VM HI YRHI IP RWY#M JYWIWI M^KSRMX. )VE GE #M GYQ 0YHSZMG-
*MPMT, PE 'PEMVIQSRX, P-EV 3 RYQMX TI HYGIPI HI &SVHIEY\ ZMGIVIKI EP 6ITYFPMGMM
JVERGI^I. 0E 1SRXIZMHIS WI JGIE LE^ TI WIEQE EGIWXIM I\GIRXVMGMX'M E
HMGXEXSVYPYM. (EV RXVI XMQT IP WI TVIKXM W PI TVIWGLMQFI VWYP R PEGVMQM.
'SRWIGMR'E 3VIEWG E EGIWXIM TYVXVM E PYM 6SWEW SVE V^FSMYP HMRXVI GIPI
HSY RE'MYRM.
, %GIWX V^FSM JY KVSE^RMG.
3VMFI, TI GEVI GXIZE HMR NYVREPIPI RSEWXVI TPXMXI HI 6SWEW, P-EY RYQMX
MPYWXVYP #M ZMVXYSWYP14 3VMFI, JY EXYRGM KIRIVEP #M GPY XSXSHEX.
'7 HQ PE MZIEP GXIZE TEKMRM HMR EGIWXI PMWXI RWRKIVEXI TYFPMGEXI
HI JSEME %QIVMGE HI 7YH #M TI GEVI GE S QEQ RHYVIVEX R TVI^IRX, #M GE S
^IM' V^FYRXSEVI R ZMMXSV, E RVIKMWXVEX ^IGI QMM HI EWEWMREXI.
7 WTMGYMQ PE RXQTPEVI I\XVEWI HMR VETSEVXIPI EHVIWEXI PYM 6SWEW-HI
GXVI S3'IVMM #M EKIR'MM WM.
+IRIVEPYP HSR 1EVMERS %GLE GI WPYNI#XI R EVQEXE TSXVMZRMG PYM 6SWEW,
ETV 7ER-.YER #M PE 22 EYKYWX 1841 WI TVIH HYT TEXVY^IGM #M STX HI SVI HI
VI^MWXIR'.
(SR .SWI-7ERXSW 6EQMVI^, S3'IV EP PYM 6SWEW XVERWQMXI KYZIVRQRXYPYM
HI PE 7ER-.YER VETSVXYP S3GMEP EP EGIWXYM IZIRMQIRX. )\MWX EGSPS EGIEWX
JVE^: 8SXYP WI E4 R TYXIVIE RSEWXV, HEV GY MIVXEVI #M KEVER'MI TIRXVY XS'M
TVM^SRMIVMM. 4VMRXVI IM WI KWI#XI YR 3Y EP PYM 0EQEHVMH.
0YE'M RYQVYP 2067 HMR (MEVMS HI PE 8EVHI, EHMG EP ^MEVYPYM HI WIEV HMR
&YIRSW %MVIW, HMR 22 SGXSQFVMI 1841 #M S W TYXI'M GMXM EGIWX TEVEKVEJ GEVI
GSRWXEX KEVERXEVIE ZMI'MM TIRXVY TVM^SRMIV: (IWEKYIHIVS, 22 WITXIQFVMI
1841
4VIXMRWYP WPFEXMG YRMXEV 1EVMERS %GLE E JSWX HIGETMXEX MIVM #M GETYP PYM E
JSWX I\TYW TVMZMVMPSV TYFPMGYPYM
7IQREX: %RKIP 4EGLIGS.
7 RY WI GSRJYRHI EGIWX %RKIP 4EGLIGS, PSGSXIRIRX EP PYM 6SWEW GY ZVYP
WY 4EGLIGS ] 3FIW, YRYP HMR GIM QEM RZIV#YRE'M HY#QERM EM WM.
(EV E#XITXE'M, Z EQMRXM'M G R VETSVXYP PYM 7ERXSW 6EQMVI^ WI E4E
EGIEWX JVE^: 4VMRXVI IM (TVM^SRMIVM) WI KWI#XI YR 3Y EP PYM 0EQEHVMH.

((IWGLMHI'M +EGIXE QIVGERXMPI RYQVYP 5073, HMR 22 ETVMPMI 1842 #M S W
KWM'M EGSPS EGIEWX WGVMWSEVI, WGVMW HI 1E^EVMS &IREZMHI^ PYM HSR .YER-
1ERSIP 6SWEW: 1MGE4SVI PE 1EVGLI, 7 ETVMPMI 1842
RXV-S HITI# TVIGIHIRX Z-EQ EHYW PE GYRS#XMR' QSXMZIPI TIRXVY GEVI
P TWXVQ TI WPFEXMGYP 'MVMEGS 0EQEHVMH; HEV E4RH G EGIWXE HMR YVQ W-E
EHVIWEX QEM QYPXSV #I3 EM TVSZMRGMIM TIRXVY E-M RHIQRE PE HI^SVHMRM, EQ TYW,
PE WSWMVIE QIE PE 6MSNE, GE IP W 3I HIGETMXEX TVMQYP, TVIGYQ #M WPFEXMGYP
YRMXEV 1ERSIP-.YPMER *VMEW, SVMKMREV HMR 7ERXMEKS.
7IQREX: 1E^EVMS &IREZMHI^.
1ERSIP 3VMFI, E4EX R JVYRXIE EVQEXIPSV PYM 6SWEW, RWVGMREXI W
WYTYR TVSZMRGMMPI EVKIRXMRI, RJVRKI, PE 15 ETVMPMI 1842, TI XIVMXSVMYP HI PE
7ERXE-*I, JSV'IPI GSQERHEXI HI KIRIVEPYP .YER4EFPS 0STI^.
4VMRXVI TVM^SRMIVM WI E4 KIRIVEPYP HSR .YER%TSWXSP 1EVXMRI^.
'MXM'M EGIWX JVEKQIRX HMRXV-S WGVMWSEVI E PYM 3VMFI: 0E GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP
HI PE &EREREW HI 'EWSRHE 0E 17 ETVMPMI 1842
8VIM^IGM #M GIZE HI QSV'M #M G'MZE TVM^SRMIVM, HMRXVI GEVI TVIXMRWYP
WPFEXMG .YER-%TSWXSP 1EVXMRI^, GVYME M W-E XMEX MIVM GETYP.
7IQREX: 1ERSIP 3VMFI (EG QEM EZI'M PE RHIQR +EGIXE QIVGERXMPI
HIWGLMHI'M-S #M, R RYQVYP 5093, GY HEXE HMR 20 WITXIQFVMI 1842, S W KWM'M
YR VETSVX S3GMEP EP PYM 1ERSIP-%RXSRMS 7EVEZME, GI WPYNI#XI R EVQEXE PYM 3VMFI.
%GIWX VETSVX GSR'MRI S PMWX HI #ETXIWTVI^IGI TIVWSERI, HMRXVI GEVI YR
#IJ HI FEXEPMSR #M YR GTMXER GEVI EY JSWX PYE'M TVM^SRMIVM PE 2YQE]ER #M EY JSWX
GSRHEQRE'M PE QSEVXI, TIHIETW SFM#RYMX.
7 RI RXSEVGIQ PE MPYWXVYP'4 #M ZMVXYSWYP 3VMFI, R RYQVYP 3007 HMR
(MEVMS HI PE 8EVHI.
(IWTVI FXPME HI PE 1SRXI-+VERHI WI VETSVXIE^: 'EVXMIVYP KIRIVEP HI
PE 'IMFEP, 14 WITXIQFVMI 1841.
4VMRXVI TVM^SRMIVM W-E E4EX XVHXSVYP WPFEXMG YRMXEV, I\-GSPSRIPYP
*EGYRHS &SV HE, GEVI E JSWX I\IGYXEX TI PSG QTVIYR GY EP'M TVIXMR#M S3'IVM,
EXX HMR GEZEPIVMI GX #M HMR MRJERXIVMI.
1ERSIP 3VMFI.
3VMFI EVI RSVSG: YR XVHXSV M TVIH KYZIVRQRXYP HMR 8YGYQER #M TI
S3'IVMM PYM. (I EGIIE, IP WI KVFI#XI W-M ERYR'I EGIEWX #XMVI PYM 6SWEW.
-EX WGVMWSEVIE: 'EVXMIVYP KIRIVEP HI PE 1IXER, 3 SGXSQFVMI 1841.
7PFEXMGMM YRMXEVM TI GEVI QM M-E TVIHEX GSQERHERXYP 7ERHSZEP #M GEVI
WYRX: 1EV MSR, TVIXMRWYP KYZIVREXSV-KIRIVEP HI PE 8YGYQER, %ZIPPERMIHE,
TVIXMRWYP GSPSRIP .. 1. :MPIPE, GTMXERYP .SWI )WTINS #M PSGSXIRIRXYP-TVMQ
0ISREVH 0ISREVH 7SWE, EY JSWX I\IGYXE'M, TI PSG, GE HI SFMGIM, GY I\GIT'ME PYM
%ZIPERMIHE GRXME EQ SVHSREX W M WI XEMI GETYP #M, HYT XMIVI, GETYP W 3I
I\TYW TVMZMVMPSV TYFPMGYPYM R TME'E HMR 8YGYQER.
1ERSIP 3VMFI.
7-P PWQ TI EGIWXE #M W XVIGIQ PE EPX GPY EP PYM 6SWEW.
'EWEQEVGE, 29 EPI PYRMM HI 6SWEW 1841 )\GIPIR'IM WEPI HSQRYPYM
KYZIVREXSV (. '-. %. %VVIHSRHS (YT QEM FMRI HI HSY GIEWYVM HI JSG #M HYT
GI EY GWTMX XSEX MRJERXIVME, GEZEPIVME PE VRHYP WY E JSWX TYW XSEX TI
JYK #M RYQEM #IJYP IM E WGTEX TI GSPMRE HI PE %QFEWXI GY XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM;
P YVQVMQ #M GETYP ZE 3 R GYVRH R TME'E TYFPMG, XSX E#E GYQ WI E4 EGSPS #M
GETIXIPI TVIXMR#MPSV QMRM#XVM +SR^EPIW (YPGI #M )WTIGLI.
8VMEWG JIHIVE'ME!
1. 1E^E.
-EX PMWXE RSQMREP E WPFEXMGMPSV YRMXEVM, TVIXMR#M #I3 #M S3'IVM GEVI EY
JSWX I\IGYXE'M HYT EG'MYRIE HMR 29.
'SPSRIP: :MGIRXI 1IVGES.
'SQERHER'M: 1SHIWXS :MPPEJERI, .YER 4IHVS 4SRGI, (EQEWMS %VMEW,
1ERYIP 0STI^, 4IHVS 6SHVMKYI^.
"I3M HI FEXEPMSR: 1ERYIP 6MWS, 7ERXMEKS HI PE 'VY^-.SWI.
'TMXERM: .YER HI (MSW 4SRGI, .SWI 7EPEW, 4IHVS %VERNS, -WMHSVI 4SRGI,
4IHVS &EVVSW.
%HNYXER'M: (EQEWMS 7EVQMIRXS, )YKIRMS 2SZMPMS, *VERGMWGS 5YMRXIVSW,
(ERMIP 6SHVMKYI^.
0SGSXIRIRX; (SQMRKS (ME^.
1. 1E^E. 'M *MMRHG WYRXIQ PE 1E^E, W GSRXMRYQ, ETSM RI ZSQ
VIRXSEVGI PE 6SWEW, 'EWEQEVGE, 4 RSMIQFVMI 1841
:-EQ ERYR'EX G TYWIWIQ R HIVYX XSXEP TI WPFEXMGYP YRMXEV 'YFEW,
GEVI IVE YVQVMX #M G R GYVRH YVQE W EZIQ GETYP FERHMXYPYM. RXV-EHIZV IP
E JSWX TVMRW TI GSPMRE HI PE %QFEWXI: E JSWX TVMRW GLMEV R TEX; TVMR YVQEVI,
GETYP WYW^MWYPYM FERHMX 'YFEW E JSWX I\TYW R TME'E TYFPMG E EGIWXYM SVE#,
(YT EG'MYRI: %Y JSWX TVMR#M RSYWTVI^IGI S3'IVM GEVI-P YVQEY TI 'YFEW. 2Y
W-E PWEX ZME'E RMGM YRYM RZMRW: 8VMYQJYP E JSWX HIWYZV#MX, #M RY QM-E WGTEX
RMGMYRYP.
1. 1E^E
7 WTMGYMQ R XVIGIVI HMR &SPIXMR HI 1IRHSWE, RYQVYP 12, EGIEWX
WGVMWSEVI WGVMW HI TI GQTYP HI PYTX HI PE %VVS]S-+VERHI #M EHVIWEX
KYZIVREXSVYPYM %PHES HI GXVI GSPSRIPYP HMR +IVSRMQE 'SWXE: %Q PYEX QEM
QYPX HI S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI #I3 #M HI S3'IVM, GEVI EY JSWX I\IGYXE'M TI PSG.
3VMGI JSG HI EVXM3GMM #M EVI FYGLIXYP WY; W WJV#MQ HIGM #M RSM TVMRXV-YR
FYGLIX EGIWX WRKIVSW JSG HI EVXM3GMM.
%Q JKHYMX W VIZMR PE 6SWEW; Q RXSVG HIGM PE IP.
'SPSRIPYP >IPEPPEVER IWXI YGMW; GETYP WY IWXI. %HYW R JE'E PYM 6SWEW.
6SWEW #M TIXVIGI XVIM GIEWYVM VSWXSKSPMRH Y-P GY TMGMSVYP #M WGYMTRHY-P;
EXYRGM E4 G YR EPX GSPSRIP, JVEXI HI EVQI EP EGIWXYME WI E4 TVM^SRMIV; TVMQE
WE TSVRMVI IWXI W TSVYRGIEWG W-P QTY#XI, HEV WI V^KRHI#XI; R PSG W-P
GSRHEQRI PE QSEVXI, P GSRHEQR PE XSVXYV: XMQT HI XVIM ^MPI TVM^SRMIVYP ZE
TVMZM HSYWTVI^IGI SVI TI ^M EGIWX GET XMEX, I\TYW HMREMRXIE PYM, TI S QEW.
6SWEW SVHSR W 3I QTY#GE'M R QMNPSGYP TMI'MM 7ER-2GSPEW S TEVXI HMR
TVM^SRMIVMM KIRIVEPYPYM 4E^.
4VMRXVI TVM^SRMIVM WI E4E GSPSRIPYP :IHIPE, JSWXYP KYZIVREXSV HI PE 7ER-
0YMW; R QSQIRXYP WYTPMGMYPYM, 3YP GSRHEQREXYPYM WI EVYRG R FVE'IPI XEXPYM
WY.
QTY#GE'M-M TI EQRHSM, ^MGI 6SWEW.
"M 3Y #M XEX GEH PSZM'M, YRYP R FVE'IPI GIPYMPEPX.
R 1832, 6SWEW LSXV W 3I EHY#M, RXV-S TME' HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, STX^IGM
HI TVM^SRMIVM MRHMIRM #M R 3IGEVI ^M, R Z^YP XYXYVSV, HHIE SVHMR W 3I
QGIPVM'M G'MZE, GY PSZMXYVM HI FEMSRIX.
'EQMPPE 3'+SVQER, S JEX HI STXWTVI^IGI ERM, ETEV'MRRH YRIME HMR
TVMQIPI JEQMPMM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, IWXI WIHYW HI YR TVISX HI HSY^IGM #M TEXVY
HI ERM. )M TVWIWG EQRHSM &YIRSW %MVIW-YP #M WI VIJYKME^ RXV-YR WXYPI' HI
PE 'SVVMIRXIW, YRHI, ^MGRH G WYRX GWXSVM'M, HIWGLMH YR JIP HI #GSEP.
'SVVMIRXIW GEHI R TYXIVIE PYM 6SWEW. 6IGYRSWGY'M HI GXVI YR TVISX #M
HIRYR'E'M HI EGIWXE PYM 6SWEW, JYKEVYP #M XSZEV#E PYM WYRX EHY#M PE &YIRSW
%MVIW, YRHI, JV NYHIGEX, 6SWEW SVHSR W 3I QTY#GE'M.
(EV, M WI EXVEKI EXIR'ME PYM 6SWEW, 'EQMPPE 3'+SVQER IWXI RWVGMREX
R STX PYRM.
&SXI^E'M-M TRXIGIPI, ^MGI 6SWEW, GEVI, GE FYR GVI#XMR, ZVIE W WEPZI^I
WY4IXYP GSTMPYPYM.
(YT GI M W-E FSXI^EX TRXIGIPI, 'EQMPPE 3'+SVQER E JSWX QTY#GEX.
8VIM KPSER'I WXVTYRK FVE'IPI RIRSVSGMXIM QEQI GEVI RXV-S TSVRMVI
MRWXMRGXMZ #M PI RXMRWIWI TIWXI TRXIGI GE W-#M SGVSXIEWG TVYRGYP.
"M EGYQ I SEVI GY TYXMR' GE *VER'E W-#M JEG TVMIXIRM GE 6SWEW #M
HY#QERM GE +EVMFEPHM#
RXV-EHIZV, XVEXEXYP HI PE 1840, WIQREX HI EQMVEPYP 1EGOEY #M GEVI M
TSEVX RYQIPI, M WTSVIE TYXIVIE PYM 6SWEW PWRH 6ITYFPMGE 3VMIRXEP
ERKENEX WMRKYV R PYTX.
%XYRGM ETVY +EVMFEPHM, PE RXSEVGIVIE WE HI PE 6MS-+VERHI.
(I S TEVXI, 6SWEW #M 3VFI, EHMG JSV'E, FSK'ME, TYXIVIE PYTXRH TIRXVY
HIWTSXMWQ.
(I GIEPEPX TEVXI, S FMEX VITYFPMG QMG, YR SVE# HMWXVYW, S ZMWXMIVMI
KSEP, YR TSTSV PMTWMX HI QMNPSEGI, RITYXRHY-#M TPXM ETVXSVMM, HEV PYTXRH
TIRXVY PMFIVXEXI.
+EVMFEPHM RY #SZM. 7I RHVITX LSXVX GXVI TSTSV #M WTVI PMFIVXEXI.
4%68)% % (39% 2SM M HQ MEV#M TERE #M-P PWQ W-#M TSZIWXIEWG
PYTXIPI HMR ZVIQIE EGIWXYM EWIHMY RZIV#YREX, GEVI, PE JIP GE #M GIP EP 8VSMIM,
'MRY RSY ERM.
%0)<%2(6) (91%7 8SMYP I TMIVHYX, R EJEV HI SRSEVI %HIZVEXYP
QSXMZ EP I\TIHM'MIM RY IVE HI E EHYGI ENYXSEVI PSGYMXSVMPSV HMR 'SVVMIRXIW #M HI
E-M ETVSZM^MSRE, EHIZVEXYP QSXMZ IVE HI E WI HIWGSXSVSWM HI QMRI. 'YQ SEVI,
3MRH EXX HI RIRWIQREX, QM #M JGYWIQ HY#QERM E#E HI TYXIVRMGM# )WXI S
XEMR TI GEVI R-EQ TYXYX W-S HI^PIK RMGMSHEX.
0E MRXVEVIE QIE, TI 4YZMY, EVQEXE SVMIRXEP WI E4E PE 7ER-.SWI, R
9VYKYE], #M GIE E PYM 3VMFI PE &S]EHE, GETMXEPE TVSZMRGMIM )RXVI-6MSW;
EQRHSY WI TVIKXIEY HI PYTX. %VQEXE HMR 'SVVMIRXIW, PE VRHYP IM, WXXIE
KEXE W WI EPXYVI EVQEXIM SVMIRXEPI.
)Y XVIFYME W QIVK R WYWYP 4YZMYPYM 4EVER TR PE 'SVVMIRXIW, EHMG PE
S HMWXER' HI #EWI WYXI HI QMPI, RXVI HSY 'VQYVM HY#QERI, FE, GIZE QEM
QYPX, YVQVMX HI S IWGEHV HI TEXVY SVM QEM TYXIVRMG HIGX E QIE. 4I XSX
EGIWX TEVGYVW, RY TYXIEQ W EGSWXI^ HIGX TI MRWYPI WEY TI 'VQYVM TYWXMM.
'RH EQ TVWMX 1SRXIZMHIS, TYXIEQ TYRI VQ#EK YRYP GSRXVE S WYX
G R-EZIEQ W Q QEM RXSVG ZVISHEX.
'LMEV PE MI#MVIE HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, E XVIFYMX W HEY S TVMQ PYTX GY
FEXIVME HI PE 1EVXMR-+EVGME, S MRWYP WMXYEX R ETVSTMIVIE GSR4YIR'IM GIPSV
HSY QEVM 4YZMM, 9VYKYE] #M 4EVER, #M TI PRK ETE GVSVE XVIFYME W XVIGM
RIETVEX, HISEVIGI RY I\MWXE HIGX YR WMRKYV GEREP PE HMWXER' HI S NYQXEXI
HI FXEMI HI XYR, HI MRWYP, TIRXVY FEWXMQIRXIPI HI YR SEVIGEVI XSREN.
%Q EZYX G'MZE QSV'M #M TVMRXVI IM, TI YR FVEZ S3'IV MXEPMER, 4SGEVSFFE;
GETYP M-E JSWX VIXI^EX HI S KLMYPIE HI XYR. %Q QEM EZYX #M STX WEY ^IGI VRM'M.
0E XVIM QMPI HI MRWYPE 1EVXMR-+EVGME 0E 'SRWXMYXMSR11, W-E QTSXQSPMX R
RMWMT; HMR RIJIVMGMVI, EGGMHIRXYP W-E TVSHYW R XMQTYP QEVIIM NSEWI. % XVIFYMX W
QYRGMQ HMR VWTYXIVM WTVI E-P JEGI W TPYXIEWG; HEV, KVE'MI GYVENYPYM
SEQIRMPSV RS#XVM, QMGE RSEWXV 4SX E MI#MX PE PMQER #M HI EWX HEX.
R ZVIQI GI IVEQ SGYTE'M W XVEWTSVXQ TI KSIPIX XSEXI SFMIGXIPI
KVIPI, EQ ^VMX ZIRMRH WTVI RSM IWGEHVE HY#QER; WI MZMWI HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E
MRWYPIM #M WI RHVITXE WTVI RSM RXV-S SVHMRI TIVJIGX.
1 E4EQ RXV-S WMXYE'MI TVSEWX; WTVI E Y#YVE ZEWYP 0E 'SRWXMXYXMSR11,
SVHSREWIQ XVERWTSVXEVIE XYXYVSV XYRYVMPSV TI KSIPIX 4VSGMHE, YRHI WXXIEY
RKVQHMXI; TVMR YVQEVI IPI RY RI IVEY HI RMGM YR JSPSW; E#EHEV RY RI QEM
VQRIE HIGX FVMKERXMRE 8IVIWME, EP GVYM GSQERHERX GYVENSW WI E4E PRK
QMRI, QTVIYR GY GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI E IGLMTENYPYM WY, ENYXRHY-RI R
QYRGE RSEWXV.
-RXVI XMQT, HY#QERYP, WMKYV HI ZMGXSVMI, REMRXE GYXI^XSV WTVI RSM, GY
#ETXI ZEWI HI V^FSM, R SZE'MMPI XVYTIPSV HI TIRMRWYP.
'Y XSEX TVMQINHME MQMRIRX R GEVI Q E4EQ, RY Q-EQ PWEX TVEH
HI^RHINHMM. 2Y, R QTVINYVVMPI WYTVIQI, (YQRI^IY Q-E ENYXEX W-QM
TWXVI^ RXSXHIEYRE RGVIHIVIE R IP; HEV M PEW TI GIMPEP'M W NYHIGI R GI
WMXYE'MI Q E4EQ, #M RHISWIFM, TI QEVMREVM. )VE ZSVFE RY RYQEM HI WEPZEVIE
ZMI'MM FYGYVSW E# 3 VIRYR'EX PE IE RXV-YR EWXJIP HI QSQIRX GM HI WEPZEVIE
SRSEVIM. 'Y GX SEQIRMM GEVI Q QTMRWIWIV R WMXYE'ME R GEVI Q E4EQ
WSGSXMWIV G-QM ZSM TMIVHI VITYXE'ME, GY EXX QEM QYPX IY XVIFYME W MIW HMR
EGIEWX WMXYE'MI RIRSVSGMX, GY SRSEVIE RWRKIVEX, I EHIZVEX, HEV
RITXEX.
&XPME RY TYXIE 3 IZMXEX, XVIFYME HIGM HEX R GIPI QEM EZERXENSEWI
GSRHM'MM* GY TYXMR'. 4VMR. 9VQEVI, 3MRHG FEWXMQIRXIPI QIPI, QEM Y#SEVI
HIGX GIPI EPI HY#QERYPYM, WI EJYRHEY QEM TY'MR R ET, EQ TVSGIHEX R E#E
JIP RGX W Q ETVSTMM GX QEM QYPX HI GSEWX, GEVI QM SJIVIE, HEG XSXYP EV
3 JSWX TMIVHYX TI 4YZMY, YR YPXMQ QMNPSG HI WEPZEVI: HIFEVGEVIE. %Q TYW, R
QWYVE R GEVI E JSWX TSWMFMP, W WI KSPIEWG TYRXIE KSIPIXIM TIRXVY GE W RI
TYXIQ JSPSWM HI GXIZE XYRYVM #M, HYT GI EQ PYEX EGIWXI QWYVM, EQ E#XITXEX.
)WGEHVE GEVI YVQE W Q EXEGI IVE GSQERHEX HI EQMVEPYP &VS[R;
#XMEQ, E#EHEV, G EZIEQ HI-E JEGI GY YRYP HMR GIM QEM FVEZM QEVMREVM HMR
PYQI.
0YTXE 'MRY XVIM ^MPI, JV GE HY#QERYP W WSGSXIEWG TSXVMZMX XVIGIVIE PE
EFS\-HEN. R HMQMRIE'E GIPIM HI E XVIME ^MPI QEM EZIEQ TVEJ HI TY#G, HEV RI
PMTWIEY TVSMIGXMPIPI. %Q TYW W WI WJVQI PER'YVMPI FEWXMQIRXIPSV, W WI
WXVRK GYMIPI, GMSGERIPI, XSX GIIE GI 3MRH HI EVEQ WEY HI 3IV, TYXIE W
RPSGYMEWG KLMYPIPIPI #M QMXVE PMMPI #M M PI-EQ WGYMTEX R SFVE^ HY#QERYPYM;
XVIEFE EWXE RI-E PYEX XSEX ^MYE.
R WJV#MX, WTVI WIEVE GIPIM HI E XVIME ^MPI, RIQEMEZRH RMGM YR TVSMIGXMP
TI FSVH, HYT GI TMIVHYWIQ QEM FMRI HI NYQXEXI HMR SEQIRM, EQ SVHSREX W
WI HIE JSG GIPSV XVIM FEWXMQIRXI #M, WYF GERSREHE HY#QER, TYWIVQ TMGMSVYP
TI TQRX, 3IGEVI SQ HYGRHY-#M QYWGLIXE #M VE'ME HI GEVXY#I.
4I VRM'MM XVERWTSVXEFMPM M-EQ PYEX GY RSM. 'X HIWTVI GIMPEP'M EQ WTYW
GEQ GI WI TIXVIGIE RXV-S EWIQIRIE QTVINYVEVI.
2I E4EQ HIGM PE S WYX GMRGM^IGM WEY HSY WYXI HI QMPI HI 1SRXIZMHIS
#M TI YR 'VQ HY#QER. 1EM RXM MREQMGYP RGIVG W RI EXEGI GY KEVRM^SERE
HI TI MRWYPE 1EVXMR +EVGME; HEV RSM, R3IVFRXE'M RG HI PYTXE GY EQMVEPYP
&VS[R, EQ TVMQMX-S R E#E JIP, RGX EGIEWX KEVRM^SER RY W-E QEM RXSVW HI
YRHI TPIGEWI.
%Q TSVRMX-S ETSM PE HVYQ HI-E GYVQI^M#YP HI#IVXYPYM, LVRMRHY-RI GY
GIPI GXIZE TVSZM^MM TI GEVI PI PYEWIQ #M GY GIIE GI M^FYXIEQ W RI TVSGYVQ
TI HVYQ.
3VMIRXEPMM TMIVHYWIV FXPME HI PE %VVS]S+VERHI; RI-EQ YRMX GY JYKEVMM,
TI GEVI M WXVRWIWIQ R NYVYP QIY #M, HYT GMRGM WEY #EWI ^MPI HI PYTXI, HI
LV'YMIPM, HI PMTWYVM, HI WYJIVMR'I HIWTVI GEVI RMQMG R-EV TYXIE WYKIVE ZVIS
MHII, RI-EQ RXSVW PE 1SRXIZMHIS, IY EHYGRH MRXEGX GIIE GI WI GVI^YWI
EXXE G EZIEQ W TMIVH TI HVYQ: SRSEVIE!
%GIEWX PYTX #M EPXIPI TI GEVI PI-EQ HYW QTSXVMZE PYM, M-EY PWEX
EQMVEPYPYM &VS[R S EXX HI JVYQSEW EQMRXMVI HIWTVI QMRI, RGX, HYT GI-E
TPIGEX HMR WIVZMGMYP PYM 6SWEW, HI#M V^FSMYP GSRXMRYE, RETSMRHY-WI PE
1SRXIZMHIS, QEM REMRXI GLMEV HI E-#M ZIHIE JEQMPME, E 'MRYX R TVMQYP VRH W
Q ZEH TI QMRI. % HEX JYKE, E#EHEV, W Q ZM^MXI^I R GEWE QIE HI PE
4SVXSRI, Q-E QFV'M#EX #M Q-E VWQFV'M#EX, HI TEVG E# 3 JSWX TVSTVMYP PYM
3Y; EGIWX SQ I\XVESVHMREV RY WI QEM WXYVE W Q WXVRK PE TMITXYP PYM,
QVXYVMWMRHY-QM WMQTEXME.
%TSM, HYT GI-E WJV#MX GY QMRI, RXSVGRHY-WI WTVI %RMXE, E ^MW:
(SEQR, EQ PYTXEX QYPX ZVIQI QTSXVMZE WS'YPYM HYQRIEZSEWXV,
JV WYGGIW; IY Q RZIV#YREQ W-P RZMRK #M W-P JEG TVM^SRMIVYP QIY, HEV IP E
M^FYXMX RXSXHIEYRE W-QM VI^MWXI #M W-QM WGETI. (EG E# 3 EZYX RSVSGYP W-P
TVMRH, #M-EV 3 HEX WIEQE, HYT JIPYP R GEVI P-E# 3 XVEXEX, HI WXMQE TI GEVI S
EZIEQ JE' HI IP.
4SZIWXIWG EGIEWX RXQTPEVI, TIRXVY G IE M JEGI EQMVEPYPYM &VS[R QEM
QYPX GMRWXI GLMEV HIGX QMI RWYQM..
-- 7I JSVQIE^ PIKMYRMPI (YT ZMGXSVME HI PE %VVS]S-+VERHI, 3VMFI TSVRM
WTVI 1SRXIZMHIS, HIGPEVRH G R-EZIE W GVY'I TI RMQIRM, RMGM GLMEV TI
WXVMRM.
R E#XITXEVI, PI XMI GETYP XYXYVSV GIPSV TI GEVI-M RXPRM R HVYQYP WY,
WEY M QTY#G.
%XYRGM, GYQ PE 1SRXIZMHIS WI E4E YR RYQV QEVI HI MXEPMIRM GEVI
ZIRMWIV EGSPS, YRMM TIRXVY EJEGIVM GSQIVGMEPI, EP'MM TVSWGVM#M, PI-EQ EHVIWEX
GSQTEXVMS'MPSV QIM S TVSGPEQE'MI, MRZMXRHY-M WE ME ERRE R QR, W JSVQI^I
S PIKMYRI #M W PYTXI TR PE QSEVXI TIRXVY GIM GI PI HHYWIV SWTMXEPMXEXI.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, 6MZIVE #M WXVRKIE VIWXYVMPI EVQEXIM.
0E VRHYP PSV, JVERGI^MM EPGXYMV S PIKMYRI GVIME M WI EPXYVEWIV FEWGMM
JVERGM; WTERMSPMM EPGXYMEY S EPXE GY GEVI WI YRMV FEWGMM WTERMSPM. (EV, PE XVIM
WEY TEXVY PYRM HYT JSVQEVIE IM, PIKMYRIE WTERMSP, EPGXYMX R QEVI TEVXI
HMR GEVPM#XM, XVIGY R XEFVE HY#QERYPYM #M HIZIRM JSV'E TVMRGMTEP E EXEGYPYM,
HYT GYQ'PIKMYRIE MXEPMER JY JEGXSVYP TVMRGMTEP EP ETVVMM.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER R-EZIE WSPH, R-EZIE HIGX VE'MM HI TMRI, HI ZMR, HI
WEVI, HI YPIM IXG.; XSXY#M HYT V^FSM, XVIFYME W WI HIE WYTVEZMI'YMXSVMPSV,
ZHYZIPSV #M SVJERMPSV, TQRXYVM #M ZMXI.
0E RGITYX, PIKMYRIE WI GSQTYRIE HMR TEXVY TR PE GMRGM WYXI HI
SEQIRM; TI YVQ RYQVYP IM W-E VMHMGEX PE STX WYXI, HEX 3XRH G TI QWYV GI
ZEWIPI IYVSTIRI EHYGIEY MXEPMIRM TVSWGVM#M WEY ZIRM'M W JEG EZIVI #M E GVSV
WTIVER' IVE HI^EQKMX HI WXEVIE TVSEWX E EJEGIVMPSV, EGI#XME WI RVSPEY R
IE.
0IKMYRIE E JSWX PE RGITYX QTV'MX R XVIM FEXEPMSERI, YRYP GSQERHEX
HI (ERY^MS, EPXYP HI 6EQIPPE #M EP XVIMPIE HI 1ERGMRM.
3VMFI GYRS#XIE XSEXI EGIWXI TVIKXMVM HI ETVEVI; RYQEM G RY GVIHIE
R IPI. 1V#PYM WTVI 1SRXIZMHIS, GYQ EQ WTYW-S, HEV WI GERXSRE PE 'IVVMXS.
4SEXI G, R WXEVIE HI HI^SVHMRI R GEVI WI E4E SVE#YP, EV 3 TYXYX W MRXVI HI
RHEX; GVIHIE RW G EVI EGSPS RYQIVS#M TEVXM^ERM #M E#XITX S HIQSRWXVE'MI
HMR TEVXIE PSV. (IQSRWXVE'ME JY RW E#XITXEX R ^EHEV #M EWXJIP 3VMFI HHY
XMQT 1SRXIZMHISYPYM W-#M SV^ERM^I^I ETVEVIE.
6QEWI HIGM GEQ PE S SV HI QEV# HITVXEVI HI 1SRXIZMHIS, EZRH
HSYWTVI^IGI WEY TEMWTVI^IGI QMM HI SEQIRM.
1SRXIZMHIS TYXY, HYT YR SEVIGEVI XMQT, W-M STYR RSY QMM HI
SEQIRM, HMRXVI GEVI GMRGM QMM HI RIKVM IPMFIVE'M #M GEVI WI HSZIHMV WSPHE'M
I\GIPIR'M.
'RH 3VMFI TMIVHY WTIVER'E HI E QEM MRXVE TVMIXIRI#XI R 1SRXIZMHIS,
WI JSVXM3G PE 'IVVMXS #M LV'YMIPMPI RGITYV.
0E VRHYP PSV, QSRXIZMHIIRMM WI JSVXM3GEV GX QEM FMRI GY TYXMR';
MRKMRIVYP RSWXVY IVE GSPSRIPYP )GLIZEVVME.
3VKERM^EVIE KIRIVEP E XVYTIPSV M ETEV'MRIE KIRIVEPYPYM 4E^. .SEUYMR
7YEVI^ IVE TVI#IHMRXI, 4EGLIGS ] 3FIW, QMRMWXVY HI V^FSM.
R GYVRH 4E^ TVWM 1SRXIZMHIS WTVI E VMHMGE PE PYTX 'SVVMIRXIW #M
)RXVI-6MSW.
4VMQE HEX GRH MI#M HMR PMRMM, RY #XMY HEG HMR ZMRE #I3PSV WEY E
WSPHE'MPSV, PIKMYRIE JY GYTVMRW R RXVIKMQI HI TERMG #M WI RXSEVWI JV W 3
XVEW YR WMRKYV JSG.
0-EQ SFPMKEX TI YRYP HMR GIM XVIM GSQERHER'M W-#M HIE HIQMWME. %Q 'MRYX
S GYZRXEVI MQTVIWMSRERX MXEPMIRMPSV #M M-EQ WGVMW TIRXVY E HSYE SEV PYM
%R^ERM, GEVI WI E4E RXV-S GEW HI. 'SQIV' HMR 9VYKYE] W ZMR PE QMRI.
%GIWX EHQMVEFMP TVMIXIR WSWM GEQ TVMR PYRE MYPMI. 3 HEX GY WSWMVIE PYM,
XSXYP HSFRHM TYXIVI #M ZME'; GYQ PIKMYRIE IVE EHQMRMWXVEX KVSE^RMG, IP WI
SGYT GY XSEX EXIR'ME HI EGIEWX TVSFPIQ.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, HI FMRI HI VY, WI VISVKERM^EWI #M S QMG 4SXMP, E GVIM
GSQERH QM JY RGVIHMR'EX.
1ERGMRM #M VIPY PSGYP -R JVYRXIE PIKMYRMM.
*PSXMPE GSQYRMGE, TVMR 4YZMY, GY 'IVVS. 3 JSVXVIE' VQEW R TYXIVIE
QSRXIZMHIIRMPSV, GY XSEXI G WI E4I PE XVIM WEY TEXVY PIKLI QEM HITEVXI, TI
4YZMYP 0E 4PEXE, HIGX 'IVVMXS, G^YX R TYXIVIE PYM 3VMFI.
'IVVS RI IVE JSEVXI RIGIWEV. 'SRWXMXYME YR WIVMSW TYRGX HI WTVMNMR EXX
TIRXVY E RI ETVSZM^MSRE GX #M WTVI E XVMQMXI LSXVVM R GQTMI #M E-M WXVRKI
TI JYKEVM.
REMRXI HI SVKERM^EVIE ETVVMM, IWGEHVE EQMVEPYPYM &VS[R JGYWI S
RGIVGEVI EWYTVE PYM 'IVVS #M EWYTVE MRWYPIM 0SW 6EXSW. :VIQI HI XVIM ^MPI EQ
ETVEX MRWYPE #M JSVXVIE'E. -RWYPE EZIE XYRYVM HI GEPMFVYP STXWTVI^IGI #M
XVIM^IGM #M #EWI, EWXJIP G P-EQ WMPMX TI EQMVEPYP &VS[R W WI VIXVEK GY TMIVHIVM
QEVM.
%Q WTYW G PE WSWMVIE PMMM %R^ERM HIPETMHVMPI RGIXEWIV; GMRWXIE PYM
HSQMRE XSEXI TMI'IPI; RGIXEWI TYXIVIE HIPETMHEXSVMPSV. %XYRGM E JSWX TYW PE
GEPI YR GSQTPSX GEVI EZIE GE WGST W RI EWEWMRI^I TI' EQRHSM #M W-M ZRH
HY#QERYPYM PIKMYRIE MXEPMER. %R^ERM JY R#XMMR'EX HI GSQTPSX. 'SRWTMVEXSVMM
Z^YV G RY QEM IVE RMQMG HI JGYX R TVMZMR'E EWXE #M, RXV-S ^M, TI GRH
PIKMYRIE WI E4E PE EZERTSWXYVM, HSY^IGM HI S3'IVM #M GMRGM^IGM HI WSPHE'M
XVIGYV PE HY#QER.
(EV WSPHE'MM, W-S VIGYRSE#XIQ, W-EY VIRXSVW XVITXEX-XVITXEX, YRYP GXI
YRYP.
0IKMYRIE, GYV'EX HI XVHXSVM, WI WMQ'M QEM FMRI; %R^ERM S EHYR.
(EG E# 3 ZVYX W JEG S EPIKIVI RXVI FYRM #M VM, ^MWI IP, R-E# 3 M^FYXMX
EXX HI FMRI GYQ EY JGYX-S GIM VM WMRKYVM.
0E VRHYP QIY, PI-EQ ZSVFMX SWXE#MPSV; RWY#M KIRIVEPYP 4EGLIGS 'MRY YR
HMWGYVW.
(YT GXIZE ^MPI HI PE TVMQE GMSGRMVI, GRH PIKMYRIE MXEPMER WI TYVXEWI
EXX HI NEPRMG, EQ ZVYX W-S VIEFMPMXI^ #M EQ TVSTYW S I\TIHM'MI GEVI E JSWX
EGGITXEX. )VE ZSVFE HI EXEGEVIE XVYTIPSV PYM 3VMFI, GEVI WI E4EY R JSVXVIE'E
'IVVS. %Q QFEVGEX PIKMYRIE MXEPMER TI QMGE RSEWXV IWGEHV #M EQ HIFEVGEX
PE 'IVVS. %GSPS, 4EGLIGS #M GY QMRI, EQ TSVRMX R JVYRXIE PIKMYRMM; HY#QERYP JY
EXEGEX PE SVE HSY, HYT-EQME^, #M TYW TI JYK PE GMRGM.
0IKMYRIE, GSQTYW HMR TEXVYWYXI HI SEQIRM, #EVN YR FEXEPMSR HI #EWI
WYXI. 4EGLIGS PYTXE GPEVI; IY, TI NSW WEY GPEVI, HYT GYQ IVE RIZSMI. --EQ
YGMW HY#QERYPYM S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM #M M-EQ PYEX HSY WYXI HI
TVM^SRMIVM. %Q EZYX GMRGM WEY #EWI QSV'M, ZVIS ^IGI VRM'M, TVMRXVI EP'MM YR S3'IV
RYQMX *IVVYGGM, GVYME E XVIFYMX W M WI EQTYXI^I YR TMGMSV.
2I-EQ RXSVW R XVMYQJ PE 1SRXIZMHIS; E HSYE ^M, 4EGLIGS #M EHYR
PIKMYRIE, M QYP'YQM #M HHY S TY#G HI SRSEVI WIVKIRXYPYM 0SVIXS.
RXQTPEVIE WI TIXVIGYWI PE 28 QEVXMI 1843. %GYQ IVEQ PMRM#XMX;
PIKMYRIE TVMQMWI FSXI^YP JSGYPYM.
R PYRE QEM E EZYX PSG FSXI^YP HVETIPYPYM.
)VE HMR WXSJ RIEKV, GY :I^YZMYP TMGXEX TI IP, VITVI^IRXRH IQFPIQE
-XEPMIM #M E VIZSPY'MMPSV TI GEVI PI TYVXE R WRYP IM. (VETIPYP JY HEX R TE^E PYM
7EGGLM, YR XRV HI HSY^IGM HI ERM, GEVI WI GSQTSVXEWI EHQMVEFMP R PYTXE HI
PE 'IVVS.
) EGIPE#M GEVI E PYTXEX QEM XV^MY QTVIYR GY QMRI, #M GEVI EWX^M IWXI
GSPSRIP.
P 'SPSRIPYP 2IKVE 0E P'M RSMIQFVMI E EGIPYME#M ERM, PIKMYRIE MXEPMER WI
E4E HI WIVZMGMY PE EZERTSWXYVM; Q E4EQ #M IY EGSPS, EPXYVM HI IE.
(YT TVR^, GSPSRIPYP QSRXIZMHIIER 2IKVE RGPIG #M WXVFXY PMRME GY
G'MZE SEQIRM. 7I XVEWI EWYTVE PYM #M IP G^Y HI TI GEP, VRMX HI QSEVXI.
:^RHY-P TVFY#MRHY-WI, HY#QERYP #EVN #M TYWI QRE TI XVYTYP PYM.
(I-EFME E4EM EGIEWX #XMVI G, RIZVRH W PEW XVYTYP YRYM EXX HI FVEZ
S3'IV I\TYW MRWYPXIPSV HY#QERYPYM, PYEM S WYX HI SEQIRM GEVI-QM JYV PE
RHIQR #M EXEGEM QTVIYR GY IM. %Q PYEX RETSM XVYTYP GSPSRIPYPYM.
(EV EXYRGM WI RHVNMV WSPHE'MM PYM 3VMFI, #M HY#QERYPYM M WSWM YR EXX HI
QEVI ENYXSV R SEQIRM, RGX Q TSQIRMM RGSRNYVEX. %M RS#XVM, Z^RH EWXE,
QM ZIRMV R ENYXSV EXX HI FMRI RGX, TY'MR GXI TY'MR, XSEX PIKMYRIE RGITY
W WI RIEMIVI.
R4GVE'M HI KPEWYP QIY, SEQIRMM WI EZRXEV, VWXYVREV XSXYP, PYEV
S FEXIVMI #M-P EPYRKEV TI HY#QER HI TI TS^M'MMPI PYM.
(EV R GYVRH EGIWXE WI RTYWXM TIWXI RSM R RYQV GSTPI#MXSV.
8SEXI JSV'IPI WEY ETVSETI XSEXI JSV'IPI KEVRM^SERIM MI#MV PE MZIEP;
PYTXE HIZIRM KIRIVEP #M HYV STX GIEWYVM.
%Q JSWX WMPM'M W TVWMQ TS^M'MMPI PYEXI R TVMQYP MYM'I#; HEV M-EQ TVMGMRYMX
PYM 3VMFI TMIVHIVM YVME#I #M RI-EQ RXSVW PE 1SRXIZMHIS, RZMRKXSVM R VIEPMXEXI
#M RGVIHMR'E'M HI EGYQ REMRXI HI WYTIVMSVMXEXIE RSEWXV EWYTVE HY#QERYPYM.
%Q EZYX #EM^IGM HI QSV'M #M VRM'M.
%RXVIREX R PYTX #EVNEWIQ GE YR WMQTPY WSPHEX; RY Z^YWIQ, E#EHEV,
HIGX GIIE GI WI TIXVIGYWI R NYVYP QIY.
(EV, R XSMYP RZPQ#IPMM, P ^VMWIQ TI %R^ERM PYTXRH. 'Y GEPQYP PYM
SFM#RYMX, #M #XMEQ G, HSQMRRH PYTXE, PYM RY-M WGTEWI RMGM YR EQRYRX, R
EGIIE#M WIEV, M-EQ GIVYX YR VETSVX EWYTVE GIPSV GEVI WI HMWXMRWIWIV.
% HSYE ^M, EQ EHYREX PIKMYRIE, EQ PYHEX-S, M-EQ QYP'YQMX R RYQIPI
-XEPMIM, #M EQ RP'EX R KVEH S3'IVM #M WYFS3'IVM.
(YT EGIWXI HSY PYTXI, PIKMYRIE MXEPMER EZIE EWIQIRIE RVYVMVI
EWYTVE HY#QERYPYM RGX, HEG.
S ZIHIE TSVRMRH QTSXVMZE PYM PE EXEG GY FEMSRIXE, R-S QEM E#XITXE, WEY,
HEG S E#XITXE, IVE HEX TIWXI GET.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, 6MZIVE M^FYXMWI W WXVRK YR QMG GSVT HI EVQEX HI
GMRGM WEY #EWI QMM HI SEQIRM, GY GEVI HYGIE GEQTERME #M PYTXE GY HY#QERYP.
P EZIE R JE'E PYM TI 9VUYM^E1, EWX^M TVI#IHMRXI EP VITYFPMGMM %VKIRXMRE. (MR
XMQT-R XMQT, XVMQMXIE, TVMR 'IVVS, ETVSZM^MSRVM PE 1SRXIZMHIS. 3VMFI SFSWM W-
P ZEH TI 6MZIVE QERIZVRH EWXJIP; IP WGSEWI YR ERYQMX RYQV HI SEQIRM HMR
EVQEX, SVHSRRHY-PI W-P ENYRK TI 9VUYM^E #M W-M XVERWQMX EGIWXYME SVHMRYP
HI E PYTXE #M HI E-P HMWXVYKI TI 6MZIVE GY ENYXSVYP RXVMVMPSV TI GEVI M PI
XVMQMXIE.
-: 8VIGIVIE TIWXI VYP &S]EHE 0E 1SRXIZMHIS E4EVQ HIWTVI QEV#YP
SEQIRMPSV PYM 3VMFI. +IRIVEPYP 4E^ LSXV W TVS3XI HI EGIEWX WPFMVI E
EVQEXIM HY#QERI.
(MRGSPS HI 'IVVMXS WI E4E YR GSVT HI ETVSETI S QMI STX WYXI HI
SEQIRM, GEVI 'MRIE 'IVVS WYF SFWIVZE'MI.
%Q TPIGEX PE 23 ETVMPMI 1844, PE SVIPI ^IGI WIEVE. -EX GEVI IVE TPERYP:
W EXEGQ GSVTYP HI SFWIVZE'MI HI PE 'IVVS; Z^RH EGIWX EXEG, 3VMFI EV 3
XVMQMW ENYXSV ME 'IVVS, GIIE GI M-EV 3 WPFMX TYXIVIE HI PYTX; R ZVIQIE EWXE
KEVRM^SERE EV 3 MI#MX #M EV 3 EXEGEX GQTYP.
%Q PYEX-S TI 'VQYP QVMM, EQ XVEZIVWEX %VVS]S-7IGS EPI GVYM ETI, GY
XSX RYQIPI WY, RI ENYRKIEY TR PE YQIVM.
%NYR#M TI GIPPEPX QEP EQ TSVRMX-S TIWXI GQTMI #M EQ RGSRNYVEX
XEFVE.
1IVKIEQ GY EXXE TVIGEY'MI, RGX R-EQ XVI^MX TI RMQIRM.
R WJV#MX, EQ ENYRW R JE'E GSVTYPYM HI SFWIVZE'MI.
+EVRM^SERE HMR 'IVVS XVIFYME W MEW #M W RI WTVMNMRI EXEGYP. 7I RGMRWI
S HMWGY'MI RXVI GIM HSM S3'IVM GEVI GSQERHEY -E 'IVVS, #M GEVI ZSMEY EQRHSM
W TVIME GSQERHE. (I RHEX GI GIM S QMI STX WYXI HI SEQIRM EV 3 PYEX-S PE
JYK, RSM XVIFYME W RI RXSEVGIQ EWYTVE PYM 3VMFI #M W-P TVMRHIQ RXVI HSY
JSGYVM, GIP EP RSWXVY #M GIP EP KEVRM^SERIM SVE#YPYM. %GIEWX RIR'IPIKIVI JGY
W I#YI^I XSXYP; KEVRM^SERE MI#M, HEV, WXTR TI XSEXI JSV'IPI PYM, 3VMFI S
VIWTMRWI #M IP JY GIP GEVI, PE VRHYP PYM, TYXY W TSVRIEWG WTVI RSM #M W
I\IGYXI TPERYP HI FXPMI TYW PE GEPI QTSXVMZE PYM.
%#EHEV EQ JSWX EXEGE'M EXX HI EVQEXE PYM 3VMFI G #M HI GSVTYP HI
SFWIVZE'MI; RY RI QEM VQRIE HIGX YR WMRKYV PYGVY: W RI VIXVEKIQ TI
'IVVS #M, VIXVKRHY-RI, W-M TVMGMRYMQ HY#QERYPYM GX QEM QYPX VY GY
TYXMR'. %Q PYEX GSQERHE EVMIVKV^MM WTVI E WYW'MRI, HMR VWTYXIVM, VIXVEKIVIE.
-RXVI RSM #M 'IVVS WI E4E YR JIP HI VY RSVSMSW RYQMX &S]EHE. 8VIFYME W-P
XVIGIQ GY RSVSMYP TR PE FVY. RGIVGRH W TVSZSEGI HI^SVHMRI PE
XVEZIVWEVI, HY#QERYP E#I^EWI TI YR QYRGIP S FEXIVMI HI TEXVY XYRYVM, GEVI WI
TSVRMV W XVEK GLMEV R GPMTE GRH RGITYVQ XVIGIVIE. (EV PIKMYRIE MXEPMER
WI GPIE HMR GI R GI QEM XEVI R JSGYP PYTXIM: RY HHY HIGM QEM QYPX EXIR'MI
EGIWXIM KVMRHMRM HI QMXVEPMM HIGX EV 3 HEX YRIM KVMRHMRM SFM#RYMXI. %XYRGM EQ
Z^YX GI SEQIRM FVEZM IVEY RIKVMM RS#XVM. )VEY R WXEVI W WI PEWI YGM#M, XSX
E#XITXRHY-P, GY YR KIRYRGLM PE TQRX, TI HY#QER. 1 E4EQ R QMNPSGYP PSV;
EQ TYXYX EWXJIP W ZH GYQ WI TYVXEY. 0YTXE HYV #EWI GIEWYVM. < R WIVZMGMYP
1SRXIZMHIS-YMYM WI E4E YR IRKPI^. )P QM-E EQMRXMX HI QEM QYPXI SVM HI
GSQTEXVMSXYP WY. %QMVEPYP &VS[R. %GIWX IRKPI^ EZIE QR PMFIV HMR TEVXIE
PYM 4EGLIGS, GEVI-P GYRS#XIE, W JEG XSX GIIE GI EV 3 GVI^YX HI JSPSW PE
1SRXIZMHIS. 7XVRWIWI ZVIS TEXVY^IGM WEY GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM. 2SM MP RYQIEQ
7EQYIP; RY #XMY HEG EZIE YR EPX RYQI. 2-EQ GYRSWGYX EPX SQ QEM FVEZ HIGX
IP.
(YT XVEZIVWEVIE &S]EHIM, P-EQ Z^YX WSWMRH WMRKYV, GY SVHSRER'E PYM.
)M FMRI, 7EQYIP, P-EQ RXVIFEX, YRHI 'M IWXI VIKMQIRXYP#
6IKMQIRX, HVIT'M! WXVMK IP.
2MQIRM RY ETVY, RMQIRM RY VWTYRWI; SEQIRMM JYWIWIV SQSV'M XS'M,
HI PE TVMQYP TR PE YPXMQYP.
9R SVHMR HI ^M EP KIRIVEPYPYM 4E^ EHYWI GIPI QEM QEVM IPSKMM PIKMYRMM
MXEPMIRI: IE WGSWIWI HMR PYTX #ETXI^IGM HI SEQIRM.
2I-EQ RXSVW PE 1SRXIZMHIS TVMR 'IVVS.
7EQYIP WI ETYG MQIHMEX W-#M EPGXYMEWG HMR' RSY YR GSVT HI EVQEX.
: 0IKMYRIE MXEPMER VIJY^ TQRXYVMPI GI-M WYRX SJIVMXI 0E 30 MERYEVMI
1845, KIRIVEPYP 6MZIVE, YPYMX HI TYVXEVIE TI GEVI S EZYWIWI PIKMYRIE MXEPMER
R PYTXE HI PE 'IVVS #M PE XVEZIVWEVIE &S]EHIM, QM WGVMWI YVQXSEVIE WGVMWSEVI:
(SQRYPI, %RYP XVIGYX, GRH EQ HEX R HEV SRSVEXIM PIKMYRM JVERGI^I, YR
RYQV HI TQRXYVM, GEVI E JSWX TVMQMX, GYQ ZI'M 3 E4EX HMR ^MEVI, RHNHYMEQ
G EGIEWX RXQTPEVI QM ZE EHYGI PE GEVXMIVYP QIY KIRIVEP #M ZVIYR S3'IV
HMR PIKMYRIE MXEPMER, SJIVMRHY-QM-WI EWXJIP TVMPINYP HI E-QM WEXMWJEGI S HSVMR'
3IVFMRXI E MRMQMM, #M ERYQI HI E EVXE PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI WXMQE TI GEVI S RYXVIWG
TIRXVY WIVZMGMMPI MQTSVXERXI EHYWI 6ITYFPMGMM HI XSZEV#MM HYQRIEZSEWXV R
V^FSMYP TI GEVI P HYGIQ QTSXVMZE JSV'IPSV EVQEXI HI MRZE^MI HI PE &YIRSW
%MVIW.
7TVI E RY QEM EQRE HI PSG GIIE GI IY TVMZIWG GE RHITPMRMVIE YRIM
HEXSVMM W3RXI, RGLMH. R TVI^IRXE, #M EWXE GY GIE QEM QEVI TPGIVI, YR EGX HI
HSRE'MI TI GEVI S JEG MPYWXVIM #M ZEPSVSEWIM PIKMYRM MXEPMIRI, GE YR ^PSK WMRGIV
EP VIGYRS#XMR'IM QIPI TIVWSREPI TIRXVY RITVI'YMXIPI, WIVZMGMM EHYWI HI EGIWX
GSVT 'VMM QIPI.
(EVYP RY IWXI, HIWMKYV, IKEP RMGM GY WIVZMGMMPI #M RMGM GY HSVMR'E QIE;
XSXY#M RHNHYMIWG G RY ZI'M VIJY^E W-P SJIVM'M, R RYQIPI QIY, GEQEVE^MPSV
HYQRIEZSEWXV #M W-M MRJSVQE'M HIWTVI FYRZSMR'E #M VIGYRS#XMR'E QIE JE'
HI IM, TVIGYQ #M JE' HI HYQRIEZSEWXV, GEVI M GSQERHE'M GY EXXE
HIQRMXEXI #M GEVI, #M QEM REMRXI HI EGIEWX HEX, E'M GYGIVMX, ENYXRH
6ITYFPMGE, YR MRGSRXIWXEFMP HVITX PE VIGYRS#XMR'E RSEWXV.
4VS3X HI EGIWX TVMPIN, HSQRYPI GSPSRIP, TIRXVY E Z VYKE W TVMQM'M
EWMKYVEVIE HISWIFMXIM QIPI GSRWMHIVE'MM #M E TVSJYRHIM QIPI WXMQI.
*VYGXYSWS 6MZIVE.
0YGVY VIQEVGEFMP IWXI JETXYP G EGIWX QEVI TEXVMSX RI JGIE EGIWX HEV
HMR TVSTVME WE EZIVI. 4QRXYVMPI TI GEVI RM PI SJIVIE RY IVEY TQRXYVM EPI
6ITYFPMGMM, IPI ETEV'MRIEY TVSTVMYPYM WY TEXVMQSRMY, 1 %WXJIP G M-EQ VWTYRW
PE 23 QEM YVQXSV, HEX PE GEVI QM-E JSWX GSQYRMGEX WGVMWSEVIE WE:
)GGIPPIRXMWWMQS WMKRSVI 11
'SPSRIPYP 4EVVSHM, R TVI^IR'E XYXYVSV S3'IVMPSV PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI, QM-E
VIQMW, HYT HSVMR'E HYQRIEZSEWXV, WGVMWSEVIE TI GEVI E'M EZYX FYRXEXIE W
QM-S WGVMI'M PE HEXE HI 30 MERYEVMI #M, S HEX GY EGIEWX WGVMWSEVI, YR EGX TVMR
GEVI HSRE'M PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI YRIPI FYG'M HI TQRX PYEXI HMR TVSTVMIX'MPI
HYQRIEZSEWXV #M GEVI WI RXMRH RXVI %VVS]S HI PEW %ZIREW #M %VVS]S-+VERHI,
PE RSVH HI 6MS-2IKVS; #M TI PRK EWXE, S XYVQ. (I ZMXI, GE #M JIVQIPI
E4XSEVI TI EGIWX XIVIR.
(YQRIEZSEWXV WTYRI'M G HSRE'ME IWXI JGYX HI HYQRIEZSEWXV GE S
VIGSQTIRW TIRXVY WIVZMGMMPI RSEWXVI JE' HI 6ITYFPMG.
33'IVMM MXEPMIRM, HYT GI EY PYEX GYRS#XMR' HI WGVMWSEVIE
HYQRIEZSEWXV #M HI GYTVMRWYP IM, EY HIGPEVEX R YRERMQMXEXI, R RYQIPI
PIKMYRMM, G IM R-EY R'IPIW, GIVRH EVQI #M SJIVMRHY-#M WIVZMGMMPI PSV 6ITYFPMGMM,
W TVMQIEWG EPXGIZE HIGX GMRWXIE HI E QTVX#M TVMQINHMMPI TI GEVI PI
RJVYRX 3MM 'VMM GEVI PI-E HEX SWTMXEPMXEXI. 4YVXRHY-WI EWXJIP, IM EWGYPX HSEV
HI KPEWYP GSR#XMMR'IM PSV. *GRH GIIE GI IM GSRWMHIV HSEV RHITPMRMVIE YRIM
HEXSVMM, ZSV GSRXMRYE, EXXE ZVIQI GX RIZSMPI EWIHMYPYM S ZSV GIVI, W
QTVX#IEWG WJSV'VMPI #M TVMQINHMMPI RSFMPMPSV QSRXIZMHIIRM; HEV IM RY HSVIWG
ZVIYR TVIQMY WEY ZVIS VWTPEX E WXVHERMMPSV PSV.
%Q, E#EHEV, SRSEVIE W Z GSQYRMG, )\GIPIR', VWTYRWYP PIKMYRMM, GY
GEVI WIRXMQIRXIPI #M TVMRGMTMMPI QIPI WYRX RXVY XSXYP HI EGSVH.
R GSRWIGMR', Z VIWXMXYM EGXYP SVMKMREP EP HSRE'MIM.
7 Z HIE (YQRI^IY ZME' RHIPYRKEX!
+MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM
-XEPMIRMM EY GSRXMRYEX W WPYNIEWG JV RMGM S VIXVMFY'MI; WMRKYVYP PSV
QMNPSG HI E SF'MRI G'MZE FERM, GRH EZIEY EFWSPYX RIZSMI W-#M VIRRSMEWG
ZVIYR SFMIGX HI QFVGQMRXI, IVE W JEG HI WIVZMGMY TIRXVY ZVIYR RIKY'XSV
JVERGI^ WEY FEWG, GEVI M TPXIE RPSGYMXSVYPYM GEQ HSM JVERGM JVER^IGM.
7I R'IPIKI HI PE WMRI G, HEG WI HHIE EXYRGM ZVIS PYTX, RPSGYMXSVYP
PYTXE #M WI PWE YGMW R PSGYP GIPYM TI GEVI-P RPSGYMWI, *
:- (M^KVE'ME PYM )MZIVE M %Q WTYW GEVI IVE TPERYP KIRIVEPYPYM' 4E^ PE
MI#MVIE RSEWXV RSGXYVR HMR 1SRXIZMHIS.
%GIWX TPER, HEG VIY#IE, WGLMQFE JE'E PYGVYVMPSV #M JGIE, HYT XSEXI
TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, W WI VMHMGI EWIHMYP GSRXVE PYM 3VMFI; HEV, EGIWX TPER S HEX
I#YEX, RI-EQ VIRXSVW PE KEVRM^SERE RSEWXV HI XSEXI ^MPIPI, EHMG PE TSWXYVMPI
REMRXEXI GEVI, #M HI S TEVXI #M HI EPXE, EZIEY W WI JSVXM3GI HMR GI R GI QEM
QYPX, TR GI-EQ 3 EZYX #M RSM S PMRMI HI FEXIVMM ETVSETI GSVIWTYR^XSEVI
FEXIVMMPSV HY#QERI.
R EGIP QSQIRX, KIRIVEPYP 4E^ RI TVWM #M TPIG W GSRHYG MRWYVIG'ME
TVSZMRGMIM 'SVVMIRXIW #M W WTVMNMRI EWXJIP GEY^E RE'MSREP HIWTV'MRH JSV'IPI
KIRIVEPYPYM 9VUYM^E, GEVI WI E4E R JE'E KIRIVEPYPYM 6MZIVE.
(EV PYGVYVMPI RY WI TIXVIGYV RMGM TI HITEVXI GYQ RHNHYMEQ, #M EWXE
HMR TVMGMRE RIVFHVMM KIRIVEPYPYM 6MZIVE, GVYME, JV W-M TIWI HI SVHMRIPI
KYZIVRQRXYPYM GEVI M MRXIV^MGIE W TSVRIEWG S FXPMI HIGMWMZ, HHY
EGIEWX FXPMI #M S TMIVHY GY HIWZV#MVI TI GQTYVMPI HI PE -RHME1YIVXI.
%VQEXE RSEWXV HI GQT E JSWX RZMRW; HSY QMM HI TVM^SRMIVM, TSEXI
GLMEV QEM QYP'M, EY JSWX WXVERKYPE'M, WTR^YVE'M, HIGETMXE'M QTSXVMZE XYXYVSV
PIKMPSV YQERMX'MM #M EPI V^FSMYPYM.
1YP'M EY VQEW TI GQTYP HI PYTX, EP'MM EY JSWX QTV#XME'M TI
RXMRHIVMPI RIWJV#MXI. +IRIVEPYP 6MZIVE, GY G'MZE HMRXV-EM PYM, ENYRWI PE KVERM'E
&VE^MPMIM #M, WSGSXMX ZMRSZEX HI EGIWX MQIRW HI^EWXVY, E JSWX I\MPEX HI
KYZIVRQRX.
3 HEX FXPME HI PE -RHME-1YIVXI TMIVHYX, 1SRXIZMHIS VQEWI RYQEM
GY TVSTVMMPI WEPI JSV'I. 'SPSRIPYP 'SVVIE PY GSQERHE KEVRM^SERIM. 'Y XSEXI
EGIWXIE, KVMNE WYTVIQ E ETVVMM VQEWI QTV'MX RXVI 4EGLIGS #M QMRI.
(YT EGIEWX RIRSVSGMX FXPMI, G'MZE HMRXVI #I3M RS#XVM M^FYXMV W EHYRI
HMJIVMXI HIXE#EQIRXI HI WSPHE'M VMWMTM'M #M W HYG, QTVIYR GY IM, V^FSMYP HI
TEVXM^ERM R GIPI QEM TSXVMZMXI PSGYVM TIRXVY S EWIQIRIE FXPMI.
+IRIVEPYP 0PERSW WXVRWI ETVSETI HSY WYXI HI SEQIRM #M, TVIJIVMRH W
WI YRIEJG RHEX GY ETVXSVMM HI PE 1SRXIZMHIS, WI RTYWXM EWYTVE
HY#QERMPSV GEVI 'MRIEY WYF SFWIVZE'MI 'IVVS, JGY S WTVXYV, TXVYRWI TR
R JSVX #M RI ENYRWI. 4VMQMRH EGIEWX QMG RXVMVI, PYM 4EGLIGS M ZIRM MHIIE
YRYM ENYXSV. 0E 27 QEM 1845, EQ QFEVGEX PE 1SRXIZMHIS, R XMQTYP RST'MM,
PIKMYRIE MXEPMER #M EPXI GXIZE JSV'I PYEXI HI PE 'IVVS #M, GY EGIWX QMG GSVT,
RI-EQ HYW W WXQ PE TRH RXV-S ZIGLI TYPFIVVMI TVWMX.
R HMQMRIE'E ^MPIM HI 28 QEM, GEZEPIVME KIRIVEPYPYM 0PERSW E MI#MX,
TVSXINEX HI MRJERXIVMI, #M E EXVEW HY#QERYP WTVI TYPFIVVMI; GRH EGIWXE W-E
E4EX PE S QMG HITVXEVI, EM RS#XVM EY '#RMX, GY PIKMYRIE MXEPMER R JVYRXI, #M,
#EVNRH PE FEMSRIX, EY EGSTIVMX GQTYP GY GEHEZVI.
%XYRGM XSEX HMZM^ME GEVI 'MRIE WYF SFWIVZE'MI 'IVVS E ZIRMX R PMRME HI
FXEMI #M E RGITYX S PYTX GVRGIR, GEVI TR PE WJV#MX E JSWX R JEZSEVIE
RSEWXV.
(Y#QERYP, TYW R QEVI HI^SVHMRI, E JSWX YVQVMX GY FEMSRIXE R GSEWX,
#M E XVIFYMX W WI TSVRIEWG YRYP HMR EGIPI YVEKERI RWS'MXI HI XYRIXI,
KVMRHMR #M TPSEMI, HIWTVI GEVI TSX W-#M JEG S MHII RYQEM GIM GI PI-EY Z^YX,
GE W WI TSEX TYRI GETX PYTXIM.
4MIVHIVMPI HY#QERYPYM EY JSWX GSRWMHIVEFMPI.
%Y JSWX QYP'M VRM'M #M QSV'M #M, TVMRXVI EGI#XME HMR YVQ, KIRIVEPYP 2YR^,
YRYP HMRXVI GIM QEM FYRM #M QEM FVEZM KIRIVEPM MREQMGM, GEVI E JSWX SQSVX HI
KPSR'YP YRYM WSPHEX HI-EP RSWXVY.
4I PRK EWXE, W-E WXVRW S TVEH FSKEX R ZMXI; EWXJIP RGX RI-EQ
VIRXSVW PE 1SRXIZMHIS, GY MRMQE TPMR HI FYGYVMI #M HI WTIVER'.
-^FRHE EGIWXYM ENYXSV Q-E JGYX W-M TVSTYR YR EPXYP KYZIVRQRXYPYM:
IVE ZSVFE HI E QFEVGE TI 4SXMP PIKMYRIE MXEPMER, HI E TSVRM R WYW, TI 4YZMY,
EWGYR^RHY-QM SEQIRMM GX QEM. 1YPX ZVIQI GY TYXMR', TR PE &YIRSW
%MVIW, #M, S HEX ENYR#M EGSPS, IY W HIFEVG RSETXIE, W Q RHVITX WTVI GEWE
PYM 6SWEW, W-P VMHMG #M W-P EHYG PE 1SRXIZMHIS.
(EG EV 3 M^FYXMX, EGIEWX I\TIHM'MI TYRIE HMRXV-S HEX GETX V^FSMYPYM;
HEV KYZIVRQRXYP E VIJY^EX.
R MRXIVZEPIPI HI SHMLR TI GEVI #M PI PYE EVQEXE RSEWXV. (I YWGEX, IY
Q YVGEQ, GY SVMGI VMWG, TI FSVHYP QMGMM RSEWXVI 4SXMPI #M, GY XSEX FPSGEHE
GVIM ZMKMPIR' S R#IPEQ, MI#IEQ R PEVK #M Q HYGIEQ W TYR QRE TI ZVIYR
ZEW HI GSQIV', TI GEVI, WYF REWYP EQMVEPYPYM &VS[R, P EHYGIEQ TVM^SRMIV R
TSVX.
%PXISVM, TVMR QERIZVI FMRI GLMF^YMXI, EXVKRH WTVI QMRI XSEXI JSV'IPI
FPSGEHIM, HIWGLMHIEQ MRXVEVIE R TSVX QMGMPSV ZEWI HI GSQIV', GEVI EHYGIEY
XSX JIPYP HI TVSZM^MM SVE#YPYM EWIHMEX.
%HIWISVM, GLMEV, QFEVGRHY-Q RSETXIE GY ZVIS WYX HMR GIM QEM
LSXV'M WSPHE'M EM QIM, RGIVGEQ W MEY GY EWEPX ZEWIPI HY#QERI, TI GEVI RY
TYXIEQ W PI EXEG ^MYE, HMR TVMGMRE EVXMPIVMIM TYXIVRMGI; HEV QEM RXSXHIEYRE
RGIVGEVIE QIE IVE ^EHEVRMG: HY#QERYP, FRYMRHY-QM MRXIR'MMPI, RY VQRIE
RSETXIE ERGSVEX, GM WI QYXE RXV-EPX PSG, QYPX QEM HITVXEX HI GIP YRHI
GVIHIEQ G-P KWIWG.
R WJV#MX, RXV-S ^M, ZVRH W EQ GSR#XMMR'E QTGEX, EQ MI#MX GY XVIM
QMGM ZEWI, GIPI QEM FYRI HMR IWGEHVMP, #M, R TPMR PYQMR, EQ LSXVX W EXEG
HY#QERYP, TI EVMQENYP PYM, R VEHE HI PE 1SRXIZMHIS.
)WGEHVE PYM 6SWEW WI GSQTYRIE HMR XVIM ZEWI: 25 QEVXMI'1, +IRIVEPYP
)GLEKYI11, 1E]TY.
'IPI XVIM ZEWI EZIEY TEXVY^IGM #M STX HI XYRYVM.
)Y EZIEQ RYQEM STX XYRYVM HI QMG GEPMFVY; HEV QM GYRS#XIEQ SEQIRMM:
HEG VIY#IEQ W-P EFSVHQ, HY#QERYP IVE TMIVHYX. %Q REMRXEX QTSXVMZE
IWGEHVIM R PMRMI HI PYTX.
2I #M E4EQ GEQ PE S FXEMI HI XYR HI IM; RG S QMP #M PYTXE HIZIRIE
HI RIRPXYVEX. 8SEXI XIVEWIPI HMR 1SRXIZMHIS IVEY R'IWEXI HI GYVMS#M;
GEXEVKIPI ZEWIPSV HI XSEXI RE'MSREPMX'MPI GI WXE'MSREY R TSVX IVEY, GE W
^MGIQ E#E, TEZSE^EXI GY SEQIRM.
8S'M EGI#XM WTIGXEXSVM E#XITXEY GY RIPMRM#XI VI^YPXEXYP YRIM FXPMM GEVI,
GY 3IGI GPMT, HIZIRIE HI RIRPXYVEX.
(EV GSQERHERXYP 4SXIM EVKIRXMRMIRI RY ZVY W WI I\TYR TVMQINHMMPSV
EGIWXIM PYTXI; S PY PE WRXSEWE #M RSM RI-EQ RXSVW R TSVX, VWTPXM'M HSEV HI
ETPEY^IPI YRERMQI GEVI RI-EY WEPYXEX.
:-- -RXIVZIR'ME ERKPS-JVERGI^ R ZVIQIE EWXE, GYQ XVIFYVMPI QIVKIEY
GX WI TSEXI HI VY PE 1SRXIZMHIS, MRXIVZIR'ME ERKPS-JVERGI^ JGY W
RGIXI^I HISHEX FPSGEHE; GIPI HSY TYXIVM EPMEXI TYWIV QRE TI 4SXE
HY#QER #M #M-S QTV'MV.
%XYRGM WI LSXV S I\TIHM'MI R 9VYKYE].
7GSTYP EGIWXIM I\TIHM'MM IVE HI E TYRI WXTRMVI TI MRWYPE 1EVXMR-
+EVGME, TI SVE#YP 'SPSRME #M TI EPXI GXIZE PSGEPMX'M, RHISWIFM TI 7EPXS, TVMR
GEVI WI TYXIE GSQYRMGE GY &VE^MPME #M YRHI XSXSHEX WI TYXIE EPGXYM YR
RYGPIY HI EVQEX HI GQT HIWXMREX W-S RPSGYMEWG TI GIE RMQMGMX.
%Q QFEVGEX HSY WYXI HI ZSPYRXEVM TI 4SXMPE QIE #M Q-EQ RHVITXEX
WTVI JSVXYP HI PE 1EVXMR-+EVGME. 0-EQ KWMX TVWMX HI HY#QER #M P-EQ SGYTEX,
3VE#YP 'SPSRME IVE HI EWIQIRIE TVWMX, GRH IWGEHVE ERKPS-JVERGI^ #M QMGE
RSEWXV 4SXMP EY WSWMX R JE'E WE.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER GSFSVM, PYTX #M-P VIWTMRWI TI KIRIVEPYP 1SRXIVS, GEVI
WI E4E GY JSV'I WYTIVMSEVI, HI GIEPEPX TEVXI E SVE#YPYM.
R Z VIQIE EWXE, R-E# TYXIE WTYRI R GI WGST, IWGEHVIPI HIWGLMWIV YR
JSG JSEVXI ZMY QTSXVMZE SVE#YPYM TVWMX; IPI HIFEVGEV XVYTI, GSRWXMXYMRH
EWXJIP VI^IVZE TIRXVY EXEGYP QTSXVMZE KIRIVEPYPYM 1SRXIVS. 'XVI SVIPI HSY
HYT-EQME^ EQ MRXVEX R SVE#.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER E JSWX RIE^VQEX RXV-S FMWIVMG; EQ HEX GIPI QEM
WIZIVI SVHMRI GE W 3I VIWTIGXEXI TR #M GIPI QEM QMGM PYGVYVM ETEV'MRRH
PSGYMXSVMPSV MREQMGM, WMPM'M W-#M TVWIEWG PSGYMR'IPI. -RYXMP W QEM WTYR G
SWXE#MM PIKMYRMM EY EWGYPXEX GY VIPMKMS^MXEXI HI SVHMRIPI QIPI. 3VE#YP E JSWX
T^MX #M JSVXM3GEX HI EM RS#XVM, GEVI PWEV EGSPS S KEVRM^SER. *PSXMPIPI IRKPI^
#M JVERGI^ MRXVEV R 4EVER #M HMWXVYWIV, RXV-S PYTX GEVI 'MRY XVIM ^MPI,
FEXIVMMPI GI WXTRIEY GYVWYP 4YZMYPYM. 6I^MWXIR'E HY#QERYPYM E JSWX IVSMG.
%Q GSRXMRYEX W YVG TI 4YZMY GY QMGE QIE 4SXMP, GSQTYW HMRXV-YR
FVMG, S KSIPIX #M QEM QYPXI ZEWI QMGM.
8SX XMQTYP GX QIVWIWIQ QTVIYR, EQMVEPYP JVERGI^ #M GSQERHSVYP
IRKPI^ QM EVXEWIV GIE QEM ZMI WMQTEXMI WMQTEXMI HI GEVI EQMVEPYP 0EMRI
RHISWIFM, GSRXMRY W-QM HIE HSZI^M. *SEVXI EHIWIE #M YRYP #M GIPPEPX EY
ZIRMX W WXIE R FMZYEGYP RSWXVY #M W KYWXI HMR GEVRIE EJYQEX GEVI EPGXYME
WMRKYVE RSEWXV LVER. %R^ERM, GEVI RI RWS'IE R I\TIHM'ME RSEWXV,
QTVX#IE EGIEWX WMQTEXMI GI RI JGIE SRSEVI. )VE YRYP HMR EGIM SEQIRM TI
GEVI RY-M RIZSMI HIGX W-M ZI^M GE W-M MYFI#XM #M W-M WXMQI^M.
R ZVIQI GI 4SXE RSEWXV YVGE R WYW, TI 9VYKYE], EQ Z^YX ZIRMRH
WTVI RSM G'MZE SEQIRM HMR GEZEPIVMI GSQERHE'M HI GTMXERYP HI PE 'VY^, YR
EHIZVEX IVSY, EHMG YR FVFEX GY GIP QEM JVYQSW GEVEGXIV #M HI GIP QEM QEVI
GYVEN.
%GI#XM SEQIRM EY YVQEX 4SXMPE QIVKRH HI-E PYRKYP 9VYKYE]YPYM #M RI-
EY JSWX HI YR MQIRW JSPSW, QEM RXM GE I\TPSVEXSVM, #M ETSM GE JYVRM^SVM HI
EPMQIRXI.
)M EY SGYTEX HMJIVMXI VIKMYRM: :EGEW, 1IVGIHIW IXG.
(Y#QERYP, TVIXYXMRHIRM YRHI P RXPRIEQ, IVE FXYX.
4E]WERHY, S JSVXVIE' HI TI TPENE 9VYKYE]YPYM, RGIVG W RI
^HVSFIEWG WYF EVXMPIVME IM; HEV RY RI JGY TVIE QEVI VY. 2I-EQ E#I^EX
TS^M'MMPI QEM WYW HI 4E]WERHY, RXV-S JIVQ RYQMX ,IVZMHIVS, YRHI EQ VQEW
QEM QYPXI ^MPI.
+IRIVEPYP 0EZEPPINE RGIVG EWYTVE RSEWXV YR EXEG HI RSETXI GY
MRJERXIVME, GEZEPIVME #M EVXMPIVME; HEV JY VIWTMRW GY TMIVHIVM GSRWMHIVEFMPI HI
RIRZMR#MM RS#XVM WSPHE'M.
(I PE ,IVZMHIVS, EQ WGVMW KYZIVRQRXYPYM TVMR QMNPSGMVIE GTMXERYPYM
1SRXEPHM, GEVI WI VIRXSVGIE PE 1SRXIZMHIS TI S KSIPIX HI GSQIV'; KSIPIX E
JSWX EXEGEX PE XVIGIVIE IM TVMR JE'E 4E]WERHIM, RGIVGYMX HI EQFEVGE'MYRM
HY#QERI #M GETXYVEX, HYT S RHVNMX VI^MWXIR' E GTMXERYPYM 1SRXEPHM,
GEVI, VQRRH WMRKYV TI TYRXI, E JSWX PYEX TVM^SRMIV.
3 QYP'MQI HI FVGM, REZMKRH WYF TEZMPMSR MREQMG, GHIEY ^MPRMG R
TYXIVIE RSEWXV. M PWEQ TI GIM QEM QYP'M HMRXVI GIM QFEVGE'M TI IPI W WI
RXSEVG PE EM PSV.
+YEPIKYE]GLY, YR SVE# E#I^EX TI 'VQYP HVITX EP 9VYKYE]YPYM #M TI
+YEPIKYE], R )RXVI-6MSW, G^Y TVMR WYVTVMRHIVI R QMRMPI RSEWXVI. %GSPS, P-
EQ PYEX TVM^SRMIV TI EGIPE#M HSR 0ISREVHS 1MPPER, GEVI, GRH Q JGYWI
TVM^SRMIV, Q WYTYWIWI PE XSVXYVE GY JVRKLME.
7I R'IPIKI HI PE WMRI G M-EQ VIHEX PMFIVXEXIE JV E-M JEGI ZVIYR VY,
HVITX WMRKYV TIHIETW 3MRHY-M XIEQE TI GEVI E WMQ'MX-S GRH Q-E
VIGYRSWGYX.
+YEPIKYE]GLY E JSWX TVWMX: RY IVE S TS^M'MI GEVI W QIVMXI E 3
TWXVEX, HEV SVE#YP TPXM YR XVMFYX WIVMSW R FERM, QFVGQMRXI #M EVQI.
R WJV#MX, HYT RIRYQVEXI PYTXI #M RXQTPVM, EQ ENYRW GY IWGEHVE R
PSGYP RYQMX 7EPXS, TIRXVY G 9VYKYE]YP JSVQIE^ R EGIWX PSG S GEXEVEGX #M
QEM. 7YW HI EGIEWX GEXEVEGX RY QEM IWXI REZMKEFMP HIGX TIRXVY FVGMPI
QMGM.
+IRIVEPYP 0EZEPPINE, GEVI SGYTE 'MRYXYP, P TVWM PE WSWMVIE RSEWXV,
WMPMRHY-M TI XS'M PSGYMXSVMM W-P YVQI^I.
(I EPXJIP, 'MRYXYP IVE RXVY XSXYP TSXVMZMX GY WGSTYP I\TIHM'MIM, IP
RIE4RHY-WI TVIE HITEVXI HI KVERM'. %Q LSXVX W RI WXEFMPMQ EGSPS. 4VMR
YVQEVI, TVMQE STIVE'MI JY W QIVKIQ QTSXVMZE PYM 0EZEPPINE, GEVI WI E4E GY
XEFVE TI >ETIZM, YR E4YIRX EP 9VYKYE]YPYM. R XMQTYP RST'MM TSVRM PE HVYQ
MRJERXIVME RSEWXV TVIGYQ #M TY'MRE GEZEPIVMI GSQERHEX HI GXVI HI PE 'VY^.
R ^SVM, RI E4EQ ETVSETI HI XEFVE TI GEVI S KWMVQ ETVEX, HI S TEVXI, HI
GVY'I, HI GIEPEPX, HI VYP 9VYKYE], MEV HMR WTEXI HI VYP >ETIZM. 1M-EQ
VRHYMX SEQIRMM R HSY QMGM GSPSERI #M, 4ERGEX HI GEZEPIVMI, EQ TSVRMX PE
EXEG. (YT S PYTX HI GXIZE QMRYXI, IVEQ WXTRMM XEFIVIM; HY#QERYP JYWIWI
TYW TI JYK #M XVIGIE VYP >ETIZM. 6I^YPXEXYP EGIWXIM STIVE'MYRM E JSWX QEM
RXM VIRXSEVGIVIE PE 7EPXS E XYXYVSV JEQMPMMPSV GI JYWIWIV XVXI GY JSV'E HMR
GEWIPI PSV.
--EQ PYEX HY#QERYPYM ETVSETI S WYX HI TVM^SRMIVM TVIGYQ #M QYP'M GEM,
FSM, QYRM'MM #M S TMIW HI EVXMPIVMI, EGIIE#M GEVI XVWIWI EWYTVE RSEWXV PE
EXEGYP HI PE ,IVZMHIVS; IE JYWIWI XYVREX R -XEPME #M EZIE WTEX, R FVSR^,
RYQIPI SIPYM GEVI S JEFVMGEWI: 'SWMQS 'IRRM, #M HEXE: 1492.
%GIEWX I\TIHM'MI E JGYX GIE QEM QEVI GMRWXI PIKMYRMM #M E EZYX
GSRWIGMR'I QEVM. 'EQ XVIM QMM HI PSGYMXSVM W-EY VIRXSVW PE GQMRIPI PSV.
'SRHY#M HI %R^ERM, WSPHE'MM QIM WI ETYGEV RHEX W MRWXEPI^I S FEXIVMI
R TME'E SVE#YPYM, GEVI HSQMRE, TVMR TS^M'ME IM, QTVINYVMQMPI. 8VMQMWIM GYVMIVM R
&VE^MPME WTVI E MRXVE R GSQYRMGE'MI GY VIJYKME'MM #M, KVE'MI PSV, W-E RGITYX
SVKERM^EVIE YRIM EVQEXI HI GQT.
R WGYVX XMQT, FEXIVME E JSWX GSRWXVYMX #M REVQEX GY HSY XYRYVM, EXX
HI FMRI, RGX, R WIEVE HI 5 HIGIQFVMI 1845, IE E JSWX KEXE W VWTYRH
EXEGYVMPSV KIRIVEPYPYM 9VUYM^E, GEVI WI RJ'M# R HMQMRIE'E ^MPIM HI 6, GY XVIM
QMM GMRGM WYXI HI GEZEPIVM#XM, STX WYXI HI MRJERXIVM#XM #M S FEXIVMI HI GQT.
(MWTS^M'MMPI QIPI EY JSWX MHIRXMGI GY EGIPIE TI GEVI PI HEM GRH ZVIM W
WTSVI#XM RWYXMX JSV'IPI QEXIVMEPI, TVMR MR4YIR' QSVEP.
%Q SVHSREX IWGEHVIM W WI VIXVEK #M W RY PEWI RMGM S WMRKYV FEVG R
TVIENQE RSEWXV. 1M-EQ QTV#XMEX SEQIRMM TVMR YPMGMSEVI, SVHSRRHY-PI W PI
FEVMGEHI^I #M RIPWRH HIWGLMWI HIGX WXV^MPI TVMRGMTEPI. %Q TYFPMGEX YR
SVHMR HI ^M IRIVKMG, #M P-EQ E#XITXEX TI 9VUYM^E, GEVI, RGVI^XSV R JSV'IPI PYM,
HIGPEVEWI WSPHE'MPSV WM G SEQIRMM TI GEVI-M EZIEY R JE'E PSV EZIEY S MRMQ
HI MITYVI.
4I PE SVE RSY HMQMRIE'E, IP RI EXEG HMR XSEXI TYRGXIPI; RSM M
VWTYRWIVQ TVMR QTY#GXYVMPI XVKXSVMPSV GEVI ETVIEY, HMR XSEXI
YPMGMSEVIPI #M TVMR WEPZIPI GIPSV HSY XYRYVM EPI RSEWXVI.
0E QSQIRXYP TSXVMZMX, GRH P-EQ Z^YX QMVEX HI VI^MWXIR'E RSEWXV, EQ
SVHSREX W 3I EXEGEX HI HSY GSQTERMM HI VI^IVZ; 9VUYM^E WI VIXVEWI R QSH
VY#MRSW, PWRH YR QEVI RYQV HI QSV'M #M HI VRM'M R GEWIPI TI GEVI
RGITYWI W TYR WXTRMVI, RIG#XMKRH RMQMG EPXGIZE HMR EXEGYP PYM HIGX
GXIZE ZMXI, TI GEVI M^FYXM W RM PI ME #M EWXE HMR KVI#IEPE TMGLIXYPYM HI TI S
EQFEVGE'MYRI HI V^FSM IRKPI^ GEVI, QTVIYR GY YR ZEW JVERGI^, RI YVQEWI
TR PE 7EPXS.
%GIWXI HSY EQFEVGE'MYRM WI SJIVMWIV W RI ENYXI W ETVQ 'MRYXYP;
TMGLIXYP IRKPI^ TVIWGLMQF R JSVX S GEW GEVI ETVE )P 'SVVEP, YRHI IVEY
RGLMWI GEQ ZVIS #EWI WYXI HI ZMXI. -REQMGYP XVMQMWI YR HIXE#EQIRX HI
MRJERXIVMI R EGIWX TYRGX; HEV WSPHE'MM IRKPI^M JYV GYTVMR#M HMRXV-S HEX HI S
TERMG KVS^EZ, EWXJIP RGX, JYKMRH, YRMM TI JIVIWXVI, EP'MM TI Y#, HHYV
TSWMFMPMXEXI WSPHE'MPSV PYM 9VUYM^E W ME GY IM ZMXIPI EGIWXSVE.
8MQT HI HSY^IGM #M XVIM HI ^MPI, HY#QERYP #M VIRRSM QIVIY EXEGYVMPI
JV W SF'MR ZVIYR VI^YPXEX.
3 HEX GY GHIVIE RST'MM, IVE VRHYP RSWXVY PE EXEG; RY-M PWEQ PYM
9VUYM^E RMGM YR QSQIRX HI PMRM#XI. 'YQ HYGIEQ PMTW HI GEVRI, RI-EQ
QRGEX GEMM. R WJV#MX, GSRZMRW HI ^HVRMGME WJSV'VMPSV WEPI, 9VUYM^E PY
LSXVVIE W WI VIXVEK, QVXYVMWMRH G TMIVHYWI, R HMJIVMXIPI EXEGYVM
QTSXVMZE RSEWXV, QEM QYP'M SEQIRM HIGX R FXPME HI PE -RHME-1YIVXI.
6IXVKRHY-WI, HY#QERYP RGIVG W TYR QRE TI EQFEVGE'MYRMPI
QIPI WTVI E XVIGI 9VYKYE]YP 5 HEV KVE'MI WYTVEZIKLIVMM, TPERYP PYM I#Y #M JY
WMPMX W XVIEG 4YZMYP PE HSYWTVI^IGI PIKLI QEM WYW; HYT GEVI, WI RXSEVWI
W-#M E#I^I XEFVE TI GQTYVMPI HI PE 'EQEVHME, R JE'E SVE#YPYM 7EPXS.
R ZVIQI GI 9VUYM^E #M SVKERM^E EGIEWX XEFV, EQ SVHSREX, R TPMR ^M,
GXSVZE SEQIRM HMR GEZEPIVMI W XVIEG 4YZMYP, TVSXINE'M HI EQFEVGE'MYRMPI #M
HI MRJERXIVME RSEWXV.
%GIEWX QMG XVYT M-E EXEGEX TI SEQIRMM GEVI T^IEY S MQIRW
LIVKLIPMI HI GEM GI T#XIEY R TEQTEW #M, KSRMRH Z\-IS WYX HMRXVI IM WTVI E-M
RPSGYM TI GIM TI GEVI M QRGEWIQ, M-E WMPMX W XVIEG 4YZMYP #M QM M-E EHYW
REMRXI GE HY#QERYP W-#M 3 VIZIRMX HMR WYVTVM^ #M W 3 RGIVGEX QGEV GX HI
GX W'RI R T M I H MGI.
:--- 3TIVE'MYRIE HI PE 7EPXS 7ER-%RXSRMS R ZVIQIE EWXE, GSPSRIPYP &EI^,
ZIRMRH HMR &VE^MPME, GY ZVIS HSY WYXI HI SEQIRM HMR GEZEPIVMI, WI YRMWI GY
RSM.
+IRIVEPYP 1IHMRE #M EHYRE JSV'IPI #M RSM P E#XITXEQ HI TI S ^M TI EPXE.
RXV-EHIZV, PE 7 JIFVYEVMI 1846, EQ TVMQMX YR QIWEN HI PE IP, GEVI Q R#XMMR'E
G R ^MYE YVQXSEVI WI ZE E4E TI RP'MQMPI HI PE >ETIZM GY GMRGM WYXI HI
GPVI'M. )P QM GIVIE ZI#XM HIWTVI HY#QERM #M YR ENYXSV, R GE^ HI EXEG.
8VMQMWYP PYM M HYWI #XMVIE G, PE 8 JIFVYEVMI, ZSM 3 GY JSV'I WY3GMIRXI WTVI E-M
RPIWRM MRXVEVIE R VIKMYRI, TI RP'MQMPI HI PE >ETIZM.
R GSRWIGMR', GXVI SVIPI RSY, EQ TPIGEX GY S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM
HMR PIKMYRI #M HSY WYXI HI GEZEPIVM#XM, QIVKRH HI-E PYRKYP 9VYKYE]YPYM. 2I
RHVITXEVQ WTVI 0EW 0ETIVEW, PE ETVSETI XVIM PIKLI HI 7EPXS, 4ERGE'M HI
TEXVY WYXI HI HY#QERM ETEV'MRRH GSVTYPYM KIRIVEPYPYM 7IVZERHS +SQI^,
WMRKYVIPI JSV'I GEVI, TIRXVY QSQIRX, WI E4EY PE 7EPXS, 'MRRHY-P WYF
SFWIVZE'MI. -RJERXIVME RSEWXV PY TS^M'MI WYF YR ^ETIV YR ^ETIV IWXI YR
EGSTIVM# HI TEMI WYW'MRYX HI TEXVY WXPTM GEVI RY RI SJIVIE EPX EZERXEN HIGX
W RI ETIVI HI VE^IPI YGMKXSEVI EPI WSEVIPYM. 'EZEPIVME, GSQERHEX HI
GSPSRIPYP &EI^ #M HI QEMSVYP 'EVEXIM MS, WI VRHYM TR PE >ETIZM. %R^ERM,
WYJIVMRH GYQ IVE, HI YR TMGMSV, VQWIWI W ETIVI 7EPXS, #M, QTVIYR GY IP,
FSPREZM #M IM, QEM VQWIWIV XVIM^IGM WEY TEXVY^IGM HI WSPHE'M.
R EJEV HI EWXE, ZVIS ^IGI SEQIRM WXXIEY HI TE^ PE FEXIVMI.
)VE GEQ TI PE SVE YRWTVI^IGI HMQMRIE'E; GRH, HISHEX, EQ Z^YX
REMRXRH HI TI GQTMMPI HI PE >ETIZM WTVI RP'MQMPI TI GEVI Q E4EQ, YR
RYQV GSRWMHIVEFMP HI MREQMGM GPVM; ETVSETI R EGIME#M XMQT EQ FKEX HI
WIEQ G 3IGEVI GPVI' HYGIE YR MRJERXIVMWX TI GVYT. "M, RXV-EHIZV, PE S
QMG HITVXEVI HI RP'MQMPI TI GEVI Q E4EQ, GPVI'MM WI QTV'MV R HSY
#M-M PWEV NSW TI MRJERXIVM#XMM PSV, GEVI RHEX WI #M VRHYMV WTVI E WI RTYWXM
EWYTVE RSEWXV.
'EZEPIVME RSEWXV HIWGLMWI JSGYP QTSXVMZE HY#QERYPYM, HEV IP, 3MRHY-RI
WYTIVMSV GE RYQV, S EXEG #M S TYWI RHEX TI JYK. )E WI RHVITX, R KSER
WTVI ^ETIVYP TR PE GEVI #M ENYRKIEY KPSER'IPI HY#QERI. %XYRGM, R'IPIKRH
G EHIZVEXE VI^MWXIR' EZIE W 3I GIE E FVEZMPSV PIKMSREVM #M G EGSPS YRHI
ZSV 3 IM WI ZE HE PYTXE, Q-EQ VITI^MX R HMVIG'ME PSV; HEV HI EFME ENYRWIM R
TVMQIPI VRHYVM, R QMNPSGYP JSGYPYM MREQMG, GRH EQ WMQ'MX HMRXV-S HEX GYQ
GEPYP WI PEW WYF QMRI #M GYQ R GHIVI Q XV#XI HYT IP.
4VMQYP QIY KRH JY G, Z^RHY-Q G^RH, SEQIRMM QIM SV W Q
GVIEH QSVX #M G EGIEWX GVIHMR' TYXIE W TVSZSEGI HI^SVHMRI TVMRXVI IM.
'^RH, EQ EZYX XSXY#M TVI^IR'E HI WTMVMX W MEY YR TMWXSP HMR GSFYVMM #IMM #M,
VMHMGRHY-Q RHEX, W XVEK R EIV TIRXVY GE W WI ZEH FMRI G WYRX XIEJV #M
RIZXQEX. RXV-EHIZV, HI EFME Q Z^YV EXMRKRH TQRXYP G EQ #M JSWX
VMHMGEX #M HYW R QMNPSGYP EMSV QIM.
-RXVI XMQT, MREQMGYP REMRXE RXV-YRE, GY S QMI HSY WYXI HI GEZEPIVM#XM #M
XVIM WYXI HI MRJERXIVM#XM.
4VWM'M HI GEZEPIVMI, QEM VQEWIVQ GY XS'MM S WYX RSY^IGM HI
SEQIRM. 2Y EZIEQ XMQTYP W QEM 'MR S GYZRXEVI PYRK; HI EPXJIP, RMGM RY
SFM#RYMEQ W-S JEG. 'Y ZSGI XEVI, EQ VSWXMX HSEV EGIWXI ZSVFI:
(Y#QERMM WYRX RYQIVS#M, RSM WYRXIQ TY'MRM; GY EXX QEM FMRI! 'Y GX
WYRXIQ QEM TY'MRM, GY EXX PYTXE ZE 3 QEM KPSVMSEW. 7 3Q GEPQM! 7 RY
XVEKIQ HIGX PE WMKYV #M W EXEGQ PE FEMSRIX!
%GIWXI ZSVFI WI EHVIWEY YRSV SEQIRM EWYTVE GVSVE 3IGEVI HMR EGIWXI
GYZMRXI EZY IJIGXYP YRIM WGRXIM IPIGXVMGI.
(I EPXJIP, SVMGI EPX LSXVVI EV 3 JSWX JYRIWX. 'EQ PE S QMP, R HVIETXE
RSEWXV, EZIEQ 9VYKYE]YP GY GXIZE TMPGYVM HI THYVI; HEV S VIXVE-* KIVI,
RXV-YR EWIQIRIE QSQIRX, EV 3 JSWX WIQREMYP TMIV^ERMIM RSEWXVI, E XYXYVSV;
EQ R'IPIW-S TI HITPMR, E#E RGX RMGM RY Q-EQ KRHMX PE EWXE.
%NYRW ETVSETI PE #EM^IGM HI TE#M HI RSM, GSPSERE HY#QER #M HIWGVG
EVQIPI, TVMGMRYMRHY-RI S QEVI TMIVHIVI; HEV EM RS#XVM M VWTYRWIV TVMRXV-YR
WGLMQF HI JSGYVM QYPX QEM YGMKXSV, GY EXX QEM QYPX IY GX TY#XMPI RSEWXVI
IVEY RGVGEXI RY RYQEM GY KPSER'I, GM #M GY EPMGI QEVM. 'SQERHERXYP
MRJERXIVMIM G^Y PSZMX HI QSEVXI; VRHYVMPI WI HIWJGYV #M, R JVYRXIE FVEZMPSV
QIM, GY S TY#G R QR, M-EQ GSRHYW PE YR EXEG RZIV#YREX. )VE #M ZVIQIE:
GEZEPIVME WI #M E4E R 4ERGYP #M R WTEXIPI RSWXVY. RGMIVEVIE E JSWX GYQTPMX.
''MZE SEQIRM HMR MRJERXIVME MREQMG WGTEV PYRH-S MYXI PE WRXSEWE. %WXE
QM HHY XMQT W VI^MWX GEZEPIVMIM.
3EQIRMM RS#XVM WI RXSVGIEY IE #M GYQ 3IGEVI EV 3 TVMQMX SVHMRYP W
I\IGYXI EGIEWX QERIZV.
'Y XS'MM, S3'IVM #M WSPHE'M, W-EY PYTXEX GE RM#XI YVME#M.
%XYRGM, ZVIS HSY^IGM HI GPVI'M, GSRHY#M HI YR FVEZ S3'IV RYQMX :IKE,
3MRHY-PI VY#MRI HI JYKE PYM &EI^ #M E SEQIRMPSV PYM, GEVI RI PWEWIV WMRKYVM, WI
RXSEVWIV, TVIJIVMRH W ZMR W RI QTVX#IEWG WSEVXE HIGX* W-#M
GSRXMRYI VIXVEKIVIE VY#MRSEW. M Z^YVQ HMRXV-S HEX XVIGRH HMR RSY TVMR
QMNPSGYP HY#QERYPYM #M E#I^RHY-WI EPXYVM HI RSM. 8VIFYME, Z-S WTYR, GYVEN RY
KPYQ, GE W JEGM GIIE GI JGIEY IM. (I EPXJIP, EXEGYP TI GEVI P-EY HEX, GRH
RI-EY ENYRW, RI-E JSPSWMX QYPX R EGIP QSQIRX GVMXMG: P HIWTV'M #M-P HHY TIWXI
GET TI MREQMG, GEVI S #M TSVRMWI R YVQVMVIE JYKEVMPSV.
%WXJIP, PE EP HSMPIE JSG EP RSWXVY, GEZEPIVME, Z^RHY-#M MRJERXIVME HMWXVYW
#M HSY^IGM #M GMRGM WEY XVIM^IGM HMR SEQIRMM IM G^RH WYF JSGYP RSWXVY,
GEZEPIVME, ^MG, WI VIXVEWI GY YR TEW #M TYWI NSW, TI TQRX, ETVSETI ZVIS #EWI
WYXI HI SEQIRM, GEVI, PYRHY-#M GEVEFMRIPI, RI RGSRNYVEV HMR XSEXI TV'MPI.
(I NYV QTVINYVYP RSWXVY WI E4E S FYGEX FYR HI TQRX EGSTIVMX GY
GEHEZVI HI GEM #M HI SEQIRM, EXX EM HY#QERMPSV GX #M EM RS#XVM. %# TYXIE W
TSZIWXIWG RIRYQVEXI EGXI MRHMZMHYEPI HI FVEZYV. 'Y XS'MM W-EY PYTXEX GE
ZIGLMM ZMXINM EM PYM 8EWWS #M EM. 0YM %VMSWXS; QYP'M IVEY EGSTIVM'M HI VRM HI XSX
WSMYP, WXVTYR#M HI KPSER'I, HI WEFMI, HI ZVJYVM HI PERHI. 9R XRV KSVRMWX HI
GMRGMWTVI^IGI ERM, TI GEVI P RYQIEQ 6S#YP, #M GEVI RI RWY4I'IE R XMQTYP
PYTXIM GY KSEVRE, JY PSZMX HI E PERGI. 7-#M EVYRGI KSEVRE, W-#M ME GY'MXYP, W WI
RTYWXIEWG EWYTVE GPVI'YPYM GI-P PSZMWI, E JSWX GLIWXMI HI S WIGYRH.
2YQEM G, PSZMRH, #M HHY YPXMQE WY4EVI. (YT PYTX, GIPI HSY GEHEZVI EY
JSWX KWMXI RGPI#XEXI YRYP HI GIPPEPX. 8RV YP IVE TPMR HI VRM; GPVI'YP EZIE
R GSETW YVQE EHRI E QY#GXYVMM JGYX HI HY#QERYP WY.
(MR TEVXIE EHZIVWEVMPSV RS#XVM W-EY Z^YX HI EWIQIRIE EGXI HI YR GYVEN
YPYMXSV. 9RYP HMR IM, Z^RH G #YVE R NYVYP GVIME RI WXVRWIWIQ, HEG RY IVE
YR QIXIVI^ QTSXVMZE KPSER'IPSV, IVE GIP TY'MR YR EHTSWX QTSXVMZE WSEVIPYM,
PY YR XGMYRI ETVMRW, WI EZRX RXV-S GYVW RIFYR HI GEP, XVIGY TVMR QMNPSGYP
RSWXVY #M, R XVIGIVI, EVYRG, JYPKIVXSV, XGMYRIPI ETVMRW TI EGSTIVM#YP HI
TEMI.
8GMYRIPI G^Y PE TQRX JV W-#M EXMRK 'MRXE; GPVI'YP WZV#MWI
XSXY#M S EG'MYRI XIQIVEV.
3EQIRMM IVEY KEXE W XVEK EWYTVE PYM; M-EQ QTMIHMGEX. 7-S JEG.
8VIFYMI W-M GVY'Q TI GIM FVEZM, PI-EQ WXVMKEX; WYRX HMR VEWE RSEWXV.
"M RMQIRM R-E XVEW EWYTV-M.
)VE S QMRYRI GYQ HI Q EWGYPXEY XS'M EGI#XM SEQIRM ZMXINM.
9R GYZRX. %P QIY HHIE TYXIVI VRM'MPSV, GYVEN GIPSV #SZMIPRMGM #M
R^IGIE EZRXYP GIPSV TYXIVRMGM.
'RH EQ Z^YX HY#QERYP HIGMQEX HI JSGYP RSWXVY, MWXSZMX HI VI^MWXIR'E
RSEWXV, RYQEM EXYRGM EQ TSQIRMX HI VIXVEKIVI, RW RY ^MGRH: 7 RI
VIXVEKIQ! GM:
6IXVKRHY-RI, RY ZSQ PWE, RHNHYMIWG, RMGM YR WMRKYV VRMX TI
GQTYP HI PYTX.
2Y! 2Y! WXVMKEV XS'M RXV-YR KPEW.
(I EPXJIP, ETVSETI XS'M IVEQ VRM'M, :^RH G XSEX PYQIE I JSEVXI
GEPQ #M WMKYV HI WMRI, EQ HEX R PMRM#XI SVHMRYP W WI VIXVEK, GSRXMRYRH W
PYTXI.
(MR JIVMGMVI, IY R-EZIEQ RMGM S ^KVMIXYV, GIIE GI QM RKHYME W 3Y
TIWXI XSX #M, GRH YR HY#QER WI ETVSTME GY TVIE QEVI GYXI^ER' HI RSM, W-P
JEG W WI GMEWG HI GYXI^ER'E WE. 4Y'MRMM SEQIRM ZEPM^M E4E'M TVMRXVI RSM
GRXEY MQRYVM TEXVMSXMGI, GVSVE VRM'MM PI VWTYRHIEY R GSV. (Y#QERYP RY
TVMGITIE RMQMG HMR XSEXI EWXIE. 'IP QEM QYPX WYJIVIEQ HMR TVMGMRE PMTWIM HI
ET. 9RMM WQYPKIEY VHGMRM #M PI QIWXIGEY; EP'MM WYKIEY KPSER'IPI HI TPYQF;
G'MZE #M-EY FYX YVMRE.
R WJV#MX, ZIRM RSETXIE #M, S HEX GY IE, #M TY'MR VGSEVI.
1M-EQ WXVRW SEQIRMM R GSPSER, GY VRM'MM PE QMNPSG. 2YQEM HSM, GEVI
IVEY GY RITYXMR' HI XVERWTSVXEX EY JSWX PWE'M TI GQTYP HI PYTX. %Q
VIGSQERHEX MRWMWXIRX QMGMM QIPI XVYTI W RY WI QTV#XMI #M W WI VIXVEK R
HMVIG'ME YRIM THYVMGM.
(Y#QERYP TYWIWI WXTRMVI TI IE REMRXIE RSEWXV; HEV JY M^KSRMX GY
RHVNMVI. %Q XVMQMW GIVGIXE#M GEVI WI RXSEVWIV W-QM WTYR G HY#QERYP
PWRHY-#M GEMM W TEWG, WI RXMRWIWI PE TQRX W WI SHMLRIEWG. 'VIHIE JV
RHSMEP G JSEQIE #M .MTWE HI QYRM'MM RI HIXIVQMREWIV W RI STVMQ; JSEQIE,
RSM R-S WMQ'IEQ; GX HIWTVI QYRM'MM, EQ 3 KWMX, PE EHZIVWEVMM RS#XVM QSV'M,
SVMGXI EQ 3 ZVYX. 2I VQRIE W RHITPMRMQ PYGVYP GIP QEM KVIY.
(Y#QERYP WI MRWXEPEWI RXVI RSM #M 7EPXS; HYT YR VITEYW HI YR GIEW,
GEVI M JGY TI EHZIVWEVM W GVIEH G ZSQ VQRI XSEX RSETXIE EGSPS YRHI
RI E4EQ, EQ SVHSREX SEQIRMPSV QIM W WI VRHYMEWG HMR RSY R GSPSER #M,
R TEW EPIVKXSV, GY FEMSRIXE WGSEW, RI-EQ TVZPMX GE YR XSVIRX R QMNPSGYP
PSV. +SEVRIPI HY#QERI WYREV RGPIGEVIE; HEV, QEM REMRXI GE 3IGEVI SQ W-
#M 3 KWMX #E, JVMI #M GEP, RSM #M XVIGYWIVQ, 2I-EQ RHVITXEX MEV#M WTVI YR JIP
HI L'M#. 3 HEX MRXVE'M R L'M#, EQ SVHSREX XYXYVSV W WI GYPGI GY FYVXE PE
TQRX. (Y#QERYP ZIRIE WTVI RSM JV W RI ZEH, WYRRH EXEGYP.
0-EQ PWEX W WI ETVSTMI TR PE GMRGM^IGM HI TE#M HI THYVI #M HI-EFME
EXYRGM EQ WXVMKEX: *SG!, IY HRH TVMQYP I\IQTPY.
(SY^IGM #M GMRGM WEY XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM #M XSX EX'ME GEM WI TVZPMV;
HY#QERYP WI RXSEVWI #M VIMRXV R XEFVE PYM. 0I-EQ WTYW SEQIRMPSV QIM:
,EMHI'M GSTMM, GVIH G E WSWMX QSQIRXYP W QIVKIQ W RI TSXSPMQ
WIXIE.
"M QIVKRH QIVIY HI-E PYRKYP THYVMGMM, GVRHY-RI VRM'MM, 'MRRHY-M PE
HMWXER' TI GIM QEM RHVNM'M HMRXVI EHZIVWEVMM RS#XVM, GEVI RY ZSMEY W RI HIE
TEGI, EQ ENYRW TI QEPYP VYPYM. 0E MRXVEVIE R WEX RI E#XITXE S QEVI IQS'MI:
%R^ERM WI E4E EGSPS, TPRKRH HI FYGYVMI. 1 QFV'M# TVMQYP, #M HYT QMRI,
ZVY W-M QFV'M#I^I TI XS'M GIMPEP'M.
%R^ERM HHYWI #M IP S PYTX: JYWIWI EXEGEX GY GIM G'MZE SEQIRM EM PYM, HI
HY#QERYP GEVI, REMRXI HI-E MRXVE R PYTX, P WSQEWI W WI TVIHIE, WTYRRHY-
M G RSM IVEQ GY XS'MM QSV'M WEY TVM^SRMIVM.
(EV %R^ERM VWTYRWIWI:
-XEPMIRMM RY WI TVIHEY; GVE'M-Z XS'M G'M WYRXI'M WEY Z XVWRIWG GY
IWGEHVSERIPI QIPI. %XXE ZVIQI GX ZSM EZIE GY QMRI YRYP HMR XSZEV#MM QIM,
ZSQ PYTXE QTVIYR #M, HI ZSM VQRI WMRKYV, EXYRGM ZSM HE JSG PE TYPFIVI #M
ZSM WVM R EIV, MEV ZSM S HEX GY QMRI.
(Y#QERYP RY QEM E#XITX EPXGIZE #M WI VIXVEWI. (I EGIIE, SEQIRMM QIM,
GEVI KWIEY HI XSEXI HMR FIP#YK PE 7EPXS, ^MGIEY EHVIWRHY-QM-WI:
8Y RI-EM WEPZEX TVMQE SEV; HEV %R^ERM RI-E WEPZEX E HSYE SEV!
% HSYE ^M, EQ WGVMW EGIEWX WGVMWSEVI GSQMWMIM PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI HI PE
1SRXIZMHIS: *VE'MPSV, %PEPXMIVM, EQ HEX TI GQTYVMPI HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS, PE S
PIKLI #M NYQXEXI HI SVE#, GIE QEM XIVMFMP #M QEM KPSVMSEW HMRXVI PYTXIPI
RSEWXVI. 'IPI TEXVY GSQTERMM EPI PIKMYRMM #M HSY^IGM HI SEQIRM HMR GEZEPIVMI,
PYE'M WYF TVSXIG'ME RSEWXV, RY RYQEM G W-EY ETVEX QTSXVMZE E S QMI HSY
WYXI HI SEQIRM EM PYM 7IVYERHS +SQI^, HEV EY HMWXVYW R RXVIKMQI MRJERXIVME
HY#QER, R RYQV HI XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM GEVI M EWIHMEWI. *SGYP, RGITYX PE
EQME^, W-E WJ V#MX PE QMI^YP RST'MM.
2MGM RYQVYP HY#QERMPSV, RMGM VITIXEXIPI PSV #EVNI, RMGM QYP'MQIE HI
GEZEPIVM#XM, RMGM EXEGYVMPI TY#GE#MPSV TIHI#XVM, R-EY TYXYX W RI JEG RMQMG; GY
XSEXI G RY EZIEQ EPX EHTSWX HIGX YR LERKEV R VYMR WYW'MRYX HI TEXVY
WXPTM, WSPHE'MM QIM EY VIWTMRW RIRGIXEX EWEPXYVMPI HY#QERMPSV RZIV#YRE'M; XS'M
S3'IVMM EY HIZIRMX WSPHE'M R ^MYE EGIIE; %R^ERM, GEVI VQWIWI PE 7EPXS #M
GVYME HY#QERYP M SVHSREWI W WI TVIHIE, E VWTYRW GY 3XMPYP R QR. "M GY
TMGMSVYP TI GYXME HI TYPFIVI E FEXIVMIM, GY XSEXI G HY#QERYP P RGVIHMR'EWI G
RSM 'IVEQ XS'M QSV'M WEY TVM^SRMIVM.
%Q EZYX XVIM^IGM HI QSV'M #M GMRGM^IGM HI VRM'M; XS'M S3'IVMM EY JSWX PSZM'M,
R EJEV HI 7GEVSRI, 7EGGEVIPPS GIP QEVI #M 8VEZIVWM, GEVI EY JSWX XSXY#M #M IM
JSEVXI Y#SV VRM'M.
2Y QM-E# WGLMQFE RYQIPI HI WSPHEX MXEPMER TI XSX EYVYP HMR PYQI.
0E QMI^YP RST'MM EQ RGITYX VIXVEKIVIE WTVI 7EPXS; IVEQ GIZE QEM QYPX
HI S WYX HI WSPHE'M XIJIVM #M RIZXQE'M, GIM Y#SV EXMR#M E4RHY-WI R JVYRXI, #M
HSQSPMRH MREQMGYP GRH #M RKHYME TVIE QYPXI. %L! IWXI S MWXSVMI GEVI EV
QIVMXE W 3I XYVREX R FVSR^! %HMS! S W Z WGVMY QEM TI PEVK EPX HEX.
%P HYQRIEZSEWXV, +MYWITTI +EVMFEPHM.
4. 7. 3J M'IVMM VRM'M WYRX: 'EWERE, 1EVSGLIXXM, &IVYXM, 6IQSVMRM,
7EGGEVIPPS GIP QMG, 7EGGLM, +VE3KRE #M 6SH.
%WXE E JSWX YPXMQE RSEWXV QEVI STIVE'MYRI PE 1SRXIZMHIS.
M WGVMY TETIM 'EQ R ZVIQIE EWXE EQ E4EX, PE 1SRXIZMHIS, HIWTVI
RP'EVIE PE TSRXM3GEX E PYM 4MYW EP -<-PIE30.
7I #XMI GEVI EY JSWX RGITYXYVMPI EGIWXIM HSQRMM.
1-EQ LSXVX RHEX, WTVI E-P ENYXE TI WJRXYP TVMRXI R LSXVVMPI -YM-
KIRIVSEWI HI GEVI IVE RWY4I'MX, W-QM SJIV FVE'YP, EXX EP QIY GX #M EP
XSZEV#MPSV QIM HI EVQI.
'IM GI GVIH RXV-S STS^M'MI WMWXIQEXMG HMR TEVXIE QIE JE' HI TETEPMXEXI
ZSV ZIHIE, HMR WGVMWSEVIE GEVI ZE YVQE, G RY IVE RMQMG EHIZVE8;
HIZSXEQIRXYP QIY IVE RGLMREX GEY^IM PMFIVX'MM R KIRIVEP, R SVMGI TEVXI E
KPSFYPYM W-EV 3 MZMX EGIEWX PMFIVXEXI.
7I ZE R'IPIKI XSXY#M G EGSVHEQ TVIJIVMR' 'VMM QIPI #M G IVEQ KEXE
W WPYNIWG WYF GIP GI TVIE GLIQEX W 3I QRXYMXSVYP TSPMXMG EP -XEPMIM31.
2SM EQ GVI^YX, %R^ERM #M GY QMRI, G EGIWX VSP WYFPMQ M IVE VI^IVZEX PYM
4MYW EP -<-PIE #M M-EQ WGVMW RYR'MYPYM TETEP YVQXSEVIE WGVMWSEVI, VYKRHY-P W-
M XVERWQMX 7ERGXMX'MM-WEPI YVVMPI RSEWXVI #M TI GIPI EPI WSPHE'MPSV: 4VIEMPYWXVI
#M TVIEVIWTIGEXI WXTRI, (MR QSQIRXYP R GEVI RI-EY WSWMX TVMQIPI ZI#XM
HIWTVI RWGYREVIE WYZIVERYPYM TSRXMJ 4MYW EP -<-PIE #M HIWTVI EQRMWXME TI
GEVI S EGSVH WVQERMPSV TVSWGVM#M, GY S EXIR'MI #M YR MRXIVIW QIVIY
GVIWGRHI, EQ YVQVMX TE#MM TI GEVI #IJYP WYTVIQ EP &MWIVMGMM M-E JGYX TI
HVYQYP KPSVMIM #M EP PMFIVX'MM. 0EYHIPI, EP GVSV IGSY ENYRKI TR PE RSM, TIWXI
QVM, 3SVYP GY GEVI -XEPME TVMQI#XI GSRZSGEVIE HITYXE'MPSV #M ETPEYH
R'IPITXIPI GSRGIWMM JGYXI EGSPS XMTEVYPYM, MRWXMXYMVIE KV^MM GMZMGI, MQTYPWYP
HEX MRWXVYG'MIM TSTYPEVI #M MRHYWXVMIM, JV E QEM WSGSXM RYQIVSEWIPI QWYVM
RHVITXEXI XSEXI WTVI EQIPMSVEVIE #M FYRWXEVIE GPEWIPSV WVEGI #M WTVI
EPGXYMVIE YRIM RSM EHQMRMWXVE'MM, XSXYP, R WJV#MX, RI-E GSRZMRW G E ETVYX, HMR
WRYP TEXVMIM RSEWXVI, SQYP GEVI, R'IPIKRH RIZSMPI WIGSPYPYM WY, E #XMYX
HYT TVIGITXIPI EYKYWXIM RSEWXVI VIPMKMM, ZI#RMG RSM, ZI#RMG RIQYVMXSEVI, #M
JV E HIVSKE HI PE EYXSVMXEXIE PSV, W HIE EWGYPXEVI GIVMR'IM ZVIQYVMPSV; #M RSM,
HI#M XSEXI EGIWXI TVSKVIWI R-EY EZYX MR4YIR' EWYTVE RSEWXV, GGM PI-EQ
YVQVMX HSEV HI HITEVXI, RI-EQ YRMX ETPEY^IPI #M YVVMPI GY GSRWIRWYP
YRMZIVWEP EP -XEPMIM #M EP ZMXVIKMM GVI#XMRX'M; HEV GRH, EGYQ GXIZE ^MPI, EQ
E4EX HIWTVI EXIRXEXYP RIPIKMYMX TVMR GEVI S JEG'MYRI E''EX #M WYW'MRYX HI
WXVMR, RISFSWMX RG, HYT EXXE ZVIQI HI GRH WJ#MI FMEXE RSEWXV TEXVMI,
#M TVSTYRIE W VWXSEVRI SVHMRIE PYGVYVMPSV I\MWXIRXI EWX^M, RM W-E TVYX G
EHQMVE'ME #M IRXY^MEWQYP TIRXVY WYZIVERYP TSRXMJ IVEY YR XVMFYX TVIE WPEF #M G
RM WI MQTYRIE S QEM QEVI HEXSVMI.
2SM GEVI Z WGVMIQ, TVIEMPYWXVI #M TVIEVIWTIGXEXI WXTRI, WYRXIQ GIM
GEVI, QIVIY RWY4I'M'M HI EGIPE#M WTMVMX GI RI-E JGYX W RJVYRXQ I\MPYP, EQ
PYEX EVQIPI PE 1SRXIZMHIS TIRXVY S GEY^ GI RM WI TVIE HVIETX #M EQ WXVRW
GXIZE WYXI HI SEQIRM, GSQTEXVMS'MM RS#XVM, GEVI ZIRMWIV EMGM, RHNHYMRH. 7
XVMEWG ^MPI QEM TY'MR RIJIVMGMXI HIGX GIPI TI GEVI PI RHYVEQ R TEXVME
RSEWXV.
-EX RW G WI QTPMRIWG GMRGM ERM HI PE EWIHMYP GEVI QTVIWSEV ^MHYVMPI
EGIWXYM SVE#, #M HI GRH 3IGEVI HMR RSM E JSWX TYW W HIE HSZEH HI
VIWIQREVI #M HI GYVEN; #M, KVE'MI 4VSZMHIR'IM #M ZIGLMYPYM WTMVMX GEVI RG RI
R4GVIE^, WRKIPI MXEPMER, PIKMYRIE RSEWXV E EZYX TVMPINYP W WI HMWXMRK,
#M, HI 3IGEVI HEX GRH W-E MZMX EGIWX TVMPIN, IE RY P-E PWEX W-M WGETI; EXX HI
FMRI, RGX
'VIH G IWXI RKHYMX W-S WTYR JV ZERMXEXI TI HVYQYP SRSEVIM, IE
E HIT#MX XSEXI GIPIPEPXI EVQEXI IQYPI #M VMZEPI.
%#EHEV, HEG EWX^M, FVE'IPI GEVI EY SEVIGEVI XVEHM'MI E EVQIPSV WYRX
TVMQMXI HI 7ERGXMXEXIE-WE, HI TVMWSW W WTYR G, QEM FYGYVSW HIGX SVMGRH,
RSMPI ZSQ TYRI R WPYNFE GIPYM GI JEGI EXXE TIRXVY TEXVMI #M TIRXVY FMWIVMG.
2I ZSQ WSGSXM, E#EHEV, JIVMGM'M HEG TYXIQ ZIRM R ENYXSV STIVIM
QRXYMXSEVI E PYM 4MYW EP -<-PIE, RSM #M XSZEV#MM RS#XVM, R RYQIPI GVSVE Z
ZSVFMQ #M RY ZSQ. 7SGSXM G. :SQ TPXM TVIE WGYQT, ZVWRHY-RI WRKIPI.
4IRXVY IE.
(EG GPSQRME-ZSEWXV MPYWXV #M VIWTIGXEFMP WSGSXI#XI G SJIVXE RSEWXV
EV TYXIE W-M 3I TI TPEG WYZIVERYPYM TSRXMJ, W-S E#XIEVR PE TMGMSEVIPI XVSRYPYM
WY.
2Y TVIXIR'ME TYIVMP G FVE'YP RSWXVY EV 3 RIGIWEV IWXI EGIIE GEVI RI
JEGI W-P SJIVMQ; #XMQ TVIE FMRI G XVSRYP WJRXYPYM 4IXVY WI VIE^Q TI
XIQIPMM TI GEVI ENYXSEVIPI SQIRI#XM RY PI TSX RMGM ^HVYRGMRE, RMGM RXVM, #M G,
HI EPXJIP, RSYE SVHMRI E PYGVYVMPSV EVI RYQIVS#M ETVXSVM GEVI ZSV #XM W
VIWTMRK GY XVMI EXEGYVMPI RIHVITXI EPI HY#QERMPSV WM; HEV, HISEVIGI STIVE
XVIFYMI W 3I QTV'MX RXVI GIM FYRM, #M QYRGE KVIE HEX GIPSV TYXIVRMGM,
JEGI'M-RI GMRWXIE HI E RI RYQVE TVMRXVI EGI#XME.
R E#XITXEVI, RSM QYP'YQMQ 4VSZMHIR'IM HI E S 3 T^MX TI 7ERGXMXEXIE-WE
HI YRIPXMVMPI GIPSV VM, #M JEGIQ YVVM 3IVFMR'M GE W-M HIE ERM QYP'M WTVI
JIVMGMVIE GVI#XMRX'MM #M E -XEPMIM.
2Y RI QEM VQRI EGYQ HIGX W VYKQ TI HSQRME-ZSEWXV MPYWXV #M
TVIEZIRIVEFMP W RI MIVXI HIVERNYP TI GEVI M-P TVMGMRYMQ #M W FMRIZSMEWG E
TVMQM WIRXMQIRXIPI RSEWXVI HI HIWZV#MX WXMQ #M HI TVSJYRH VIWTIGX GY
GEVI WYRXIQ EM HSQRMIMWEPI TVIEMPYWXVI #M VIWTIGXEFMPI, TVIETPIGEXI WPYKM +.
+EVMFEPHM %R^ERM 1SRXIZMHIS, 12 SGXSQFVMI 1847
%Q E#XITXEX ^EHEVRMG: RY RI-E WSWMX RMGM S ZIWXI, RMGM HI PE RYR'MY #M RMGM
HI PE 7ERGXMXEXIE-WE. %XYRGM EQ PYEX LSXVVIE W QIVKIQ R -XEPME GY S TEVXI
HMR PIKMYRIE RSEWXV.
-RXIR'ME QIE IVE HI E WTVMNMRM VIZSPY'ME EGSPS YRHI IE #M PYEWI EVQIPI #M
HI E S XVI^M EGSPS YRHI IVE RG EHSVQMX, R QYR'MM %FVY^^M, HI TMPH.
2YQEM G RMGMYRYP HMR RSM R-EZIE YR FER TIRXVY E XVEZIVWE SGIERYP.
/ -:P RXSVG R )YVSTE.
1SEVXIE PYM %R^ERM %Q VIGYVW PE YR QMNPSG GEVI E M^FYXMX RXSXHIEYRE
TI PRK MRMQMPI KIRIVSEWI: EQ HIWGLMW S PMWX HI WYFWGVMT'MI TVMRXVI
GSQTEXVMS'MM QIM.
0YGVYP RGITY W TVMRH, TR GI G'MZE HI VIEGVIHMR' RGIVGEV W
VMHMGI R VRHYP WSPHE'MPSV YR TVSXIWX QTSXVMZE QIE, MRXMQMHRHY-M TI GIM GI
IVEY HMWTY#M W Q YVQI^I. 0M WI FK R GET EGIWXSV FMI'M SEQIRM G-M
HYGIEQ WTVI S QSEVXI WMKYV, G EG'MYRIE TI GEVI S ZMWEQ IVE GY RITYXMR' #M
G S WSEVX EWIQRXSEVI GIPIM E JVE'MPSV &ERHMIVE PI IVE VI^IVZEX #M PSV.
6I^YPXEXYP E JSWX G GIM QEM XMQM^M WI VIXVEWIV #M G IY EQ VQEW HSEV GY
STX^IGM #M GMRGM HI SEQIRM, #M GLMEV HMR EGI#XM STX^IGM #M GMRGM, HSY^IGM #M RSY
S HEX QFEVGE'M RI TVWMV.
(MR JIVMGMVI, GIM GEVI VQRIEY GY QMRI IVEY GIM QEM ZMXINM, ETVSETI XS'M
WYTVEZMI'YMXSVM EM PYTXIM RSEWXVI HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS. R TPYW, EZIEQ G'MZE
YVYKYE]IRM RGVI^XSVM R RSVSGYP QIY #M TVMRXVI IM, TI FMIXYP QIY RIKVY
%KY]EV, GEVI JY YGMW R 1849, PE EWIHMYP 6SQIM.
%Q WTYW G HIWGLMWIWIQ, TVMRXVI MXEPMIRM, S WYFWGVMT'MI WTVI E RI RPIWRM
TPIGEVIE. 'IE QEM QEVI WYQ E EGIWXIM WYFWGVMT'MM JYWIWI HEX HI 7XIJERS
%RXSRMRM, YR KIRSZI^ WXEFMPMX PE 1SRXIZMHIS.
+YZIVRYP, PE VRHYP PYM, WI SJIVM W RI WTVMNMRI HMR XSEXI TYXIVMPI; HEV P
#XMEQ EXX HI WVEG, RGX R-EQ ZVYX W TVMQIWG HI PE IP HIGX HSY XYRYVM #M
STX WYXI HI TY#XM, GEVI EQ SVHSREX W 3I XVERWTSVXEXI TI FVMGYP RSWXVY.
R QSQIRXYP TPIGVMM RM WI RXQTP, GY GSQERHERXYP PYM &MTSRXI-
+E^^SPS HI PE 2IVZM, EGIPE#M PYGVY GEVI PM W-E RXQTPEX #M JVERGI^MPSV TI
ZVIQIE GVYGMEHIM PYM &EYHSYMR GY ZIRI'MIRMM, GEVI JKHYMWIV W-M XVERWTSVXI
TI TQRXYP WJRX: TVIXIR'ME PYM JY EXX HI QEVI, G E XVIFYMX W ZMRHIQ XSXYP,
TR #M GQ#MPI HI TI RSM, TIRXVY E-P WEXMWJEGI, EWXJIP RGX, R XMQTYP
XVEZIVWVMM, G'MZE HMRXVI RSM EY WXEX GYPGE'M, RIQEMEZRH LEMRI GY GEVI W WI
QFVEGI.
2I #M E4EQ PE XVIM WYXI HI PIKLI HI 'VQ, GEQ R HVITXYP KYVMPSV
3VMRSGYPYM, #M IY Q HMWXVEQ QTVIYR GY 3VVMKSRM W TVMRH HI TI FSQTVIW, GY
LEVTSRYP, QEVWYMRM, GRH HISHEX EQ EY^MX VWYRRH WXVMKXYP: *SG!
7 WEV HI TI FSQTVIW TI TYRXI #M W EPYRIG TI GETEGYP HI PE FSGETSVX,
E JSWX GLIWXMI HI S WIGYRH. 'RH E QTV'MX EPMQIRXIPI, HMWXVMFYMXSVYP JGYWI
MQTVYHIR'E W WGSEX VEGLMY HMRXV-YR FYXSME# R QR GY S PYQMREVI; VEGLMYP
PYEWI JSG, GIP, GI-P WGSXIE #M TMIVHYWI GETYP #M, R PSG W RGLMH FYXSME#YP,
PWEWI VEGLMYP W GYVK R ZSMI; QEKE^ME GY EPMQIRXI, HIWTV'MX HI S XFPMI
KVSEW HSEV HI YR HIKIX, IVE YR EHIZVEX PEG R 4GVM.
'Y EGIWX TVMPIN EQ Z^YX G GIM QEM GYVENS#M SEQIRM WYRX GYTVMR#M HI
JVMG, EXYRGM GRH TVMQINHME PM WI RJ'M#IE^ WYF YR EPX EWTIGX HIGX GIP GY
GEVI WYRX SFM#RYM'M.
8S'M EGI#XM SEQIRM, GEVI IVEY IVSM TI GQTYP HI PYTX, WI GMSGRIEY,
EPIVKEY, #M TMIVHIEY GETYP, XVIQYVRH #M WTIVME'M GE RM#XI GSTMM.
(YT ^IGI QMRYXI, ENYXEX HI %R^ERM, GEVI WVMWI HMR TEX PE TVMQYP WXVMKX
HI EPEVQ, EQ WXMRW JSGYP.
RXV-EHIZV, FMIXYP %R^ERM WXXIE R TEX, RY EXX 3MRHG IVE GY
HIWZV#MVI PMTWMX HI QFVGQMRXI, GM TIRXVY G IVE KVEZ EXMRW HI FSEPE HI
GEVI EZIE W QSEV WSWMRH PE +IRSZE, EHMG HI XYFIVGYPS^ TYPQSREV.
%GIWX SQ EHQMVEFMP, GVYME GIP QEM ETVMK HY#QER EP PYM, HEG EV 3 TYXYX
W EMF ZVIYR HY#QER, RY M-EV 3 E4EX YR WMRKYV GYWYV, HYT GI #M-E GSRWEGVEX
ZME'E GEY^IM PMFIVX'MM, ZSME GE #M YPXMQIPI PYM QSQIRXI, W PI 3I JSPSWMXSEVI
XSZEV#MPSV HI EVQI; R 3IGEVI ^M IVE ENYXEX W WI YVGI TI TYRXI; GRH RY WI
QEM. 4YXY HITPEWE, GIVY W 3I HYW TI TYRXI, #M EGSPS, GYPGEX TI S WEPXIE,
EHIWIE WTVMNMRMRHY-WI HI QMRI, HHIE PIG'MM HI WXVEXIKMI WSPHE'MPSV, WXVR#M R
NYVYP PYM, PE TYTE ZEWYPYM.
)VE YR EHIZVEX HMG'MSREV FMIXYP %R^ERM; XSX EXX HI KVIY QM-EV 3 W
IRYQV PYGVYVMPI TI GEVI PI #XME, TVIGYQ QM-EV 3 W KWIWG YRYP TI GEVI RY-P
#XME.
0E 4EPS, GEQ PE GMRGM QMPI HI %PMGERXI, EQ GSFSVX TI 'VQ GE W
GYQTVQ S GETV #M TSVXSGEPI TIRXVY %R^ERM.
%GSPS EQ E4EX HI PE ZMGIGSRWYPYP WEVHMRMER. 3 TEVXI HMR IZIRMQIRXIPI
GEVI WI TIXVIGIEY R -XEPME.
%Q E4EX G JYWIWI TVSGPEQEX GSRWXMXY'ME TMIQSRXI^ #M G EZYWIWIV
PSG GIPI GMRGM ^MPI KPSVMSEWI HI PE 1MPERS, PYGVYVM TI GEVI RY TYXIEQ W PI
GYRSE#XIQ PE TPIGEVIE RSEWXV HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, EHMG PE 27 QEVXMI 1848.
:MGIGSRWYPYP RI WTYWI G Z^YWI XVIGRH ZEWI MXEPMIRI GY HVETIPYP
XVMGSPSV. 2-E XVIFYMX QEM QYPX WTVI E Q LSXV W EVFSVI^ WXMRHEVHYP
MRHITIRHIR'IM. %Q GSFSVX TEZMPMSRYP 1SRXIZMHISYPYM, WYF GEVI REZMKEQ, #M
EQ RP'EX RHEX, R ZVJYP GEXEVKYPYM RSWXVY, HVETIPYP WEVHMRMER, MQTVSZM^EX
HMRXV-S NYQXEXI HI GIEV#EJ HI TEX, S GE^EG VS#MI #M SVREQIRXIPI ZIV^M EPI
YRMJSVQIM RSEWXVI HI FSVH 7 EQMRXMQ G YRMJSVQE RSEWXV IVE FPY^E VS#MI GY
SVREQIRXI ZIV^M, XMZMXI GY EPF.
0E 24 MYRMI, R ^MYE HI 7JRXYP -SER, EQ ENYRW R JE'E 2M#IM. 1YP'M IVEY HI
TVIVI G RY XVIFYME W HIFEVGQ JV W EZIQ MRJSVQE'MM QEM FSKEXI.
)Y VMWGEQ QEM QYPX HIGX SVMGMRI, HISEVIGI Q E4EQ RG WYF
TIHIETWE GSRHEQRVMM PE QSEVXI.
8SXY#M R-EQ #SZMX WEY, QEM HIKVEF, R-E# 3 #SZMX, GGM, 3MRH
VIGYRSWGYX HI SEQIRMM GEVI QSRXEY S EQFEVGE'MYRI, RYQIPI QIY WI
VWTRGPM RHEX, #M GYQ WI VWTRHM, 2MWE RXVIEK WI KVFM W WI. RHVITXI
WTVI TSVX,; E XVIFYMX W TVMQIWG, R QMNPSGYP EGPEQE'MMPSV, W EWMWX PE WIVFVMPI
GEVI WI HHIEY TIWXI XSX. (I RHEX GI WI #XMY G Q E4EQ PE 2MWE, #M G
XVIGYWIQ 3GIERYP WTVI E ZIRM R ENYXSV PMFIVX'MM MXEPMIRI, ZSPYRXEVMM EPIVKEV
HMR XSEXI TV'MPI. (EV IY EZIEQ, TIRXVY QSQIRX, ZIHIVM TI GEVI PI GVIHIEQ
QEM FYRI.
(YT GYQ GVI^YWIQ R 4ETE 4MYW EP -<-PIE, GVIHIEQ EGYQ R VIKIPI
'EVSP-%PFIVX; R PSG W Q MRXIVIWI^ HI 1IHMIM1, TI GEVI P XVMQMWIWIQ. 'YQ
EQ WTYW, PE :MEVIKKMS, WTVI E SVKERM^E EGSPS MRWYVIG'ME, KWMRH MRWYVIG'ME
SVKERM^EX #M TI VIKIPI 4MIQSRXYPYM R JVYRXIE IM, EQ GVI^YX G XSX GI EZIEQ
QEM FYR HI JGYX IVE W Q HYG W-M SJIV WIVZMGMMPI QIPI. 2
1 +MEGSQS 1IHMGM (1817-1882), TEXVMSX #M KIRIVEP MXEPMER, YRYP HMR
GSPEFSVEXSVMM GIM QEM ETVSTME'M EM PYM +EVMFEPHM. 7-E IZMHIR'MEX R YPXMQIPI PYTXI,
HMR %QIVMGE HI 7YH, HMR 0SQFEVHME, PE EWIHMYP 6SQIM. "M R EG'MYRIE HI
(PMFIVEVI E -XEPMIM QIVMHMSREPI.
+IWXYP PYM +EVMFEPHM E HI^EQKMX TI TVMIXIRM #M TI EHQMVEXSVM: MPY^MMPI
PYM EY JSWX RW R GYVRH WYTMFIVEXI HI HIWJ#YVEVIE IZIRMQIRXIPSV.
--EQ WTYW EHMS FMIXYPYM QIY %R^ERM, YR EHMS GY EXX QEM HYVIVSW, GY GX
#XMEQ EQRHSM G R-EZIEQ W RI QEM VIZIHIQ, #M Q-EQ QFEVGEX TIRXVY
+IRSZE, HI YRHI Q-EQ HYW PE GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP EP 7YZIVERYPYM.
6I^YPXEXYP QM HSZIHM G Q R#IPEWIQ. 2I-EQ HIWTV'MX, VIKIPI #M GY
QMRI, RIQYP'YQM'M YRYP HI GIPPEPX, #M Q-EQ RXSVW PE 8SVMRS, YRHI EQ E4EX
HIWTVI QSEVXIE PYM %R^ERM.
QM TMIVHIEQ NYQXEXI HMR MRMQ. -XEPME TMIVHIE TI YRYP HMR GIM QEM
HMWXMR#M 3M EM IM. 3, -XEPMI ' -XEPMI! QEMG RIJIVMGMX! GI HSPMY TIRXVY XMRI R ^MYE
GRH EGIWX FVEZ TVMRXVI FVEZM, EGIWX PIEP TVMRXVI PIEPM, E RGLMW TIRXVY
XSXHIEYRE SGLMM PE PYQMRE JVYQSWYPYM XY WSEVI!
0E QSEVXIE YRYM SQ GE %R^ERM, 'M-EQ WTYW-S, S, -XEPMI RE'MYRIE GEVI M-E
HEX RE#XIVI EV XVIFYM W WGSEX YR 'MTX HI HYVIVI HMR EHRGYP QVYRXEMIPSV IM
#M, HEG IE RY TPRKI, HEG RY WI NIPYMI GE 6EGLIP32, R 6EQE, EGIEWX
RE'MYRI RY IWXI ZVIHRMG RMGM HI WMQTEXMI, RMGM HI QMP, IE GEVI R-E EZYX RMGM
WMQTEXMI, RMGM QMP TIRXVY GIM QEM KIRIVS#M QEVXMVM EM IM. 3L! QEVXMV, HI S WYX
HI SVM QEVXMV E JSWX WGYQTYP RSWXVY %R^ERM, #M GLMRYM GIP QEM GVYH RHYVEX HI
EGIWX ZMXIE^ E JSWX W EXMRK TQRXYP REXEP, FMIX QYVMFYRH, #M W RY
WJV#IEWG TVIGYQ, XVMWI, PYTXRHY-WI TIRXVY IP, TIRXVY SRSEVIE EGIWXYM
TQRX, TIRXVY RRSMVIE PYM. 3, %R^ERM! HEG YR KIRMY EWIQIRIE 'MI EV 3.
:IKLIEX EWYTVE PYTXIPSV HMR 0SQFEVHME, EWYTVE FXPMIM HI PE 2SZEV, EWYTVE
EWIHMYPYM 6SQIM, WXVMRYP R-EV QEM RXMRE TQRXYP REXEP #M R-EV QEM GPGE R
TMGMSEVI, GY RIVY#MREVI, SWIQMRXIPI ZMXINMPSV RS#XVM.
4IVWSREN FMFPMG M WS'ME PYM PEISJS.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER, HYT GYQ W-E Z^YX, VIEPM^EWI TY'MR REMRXI HI
ZIRMVIE PYM %R^ERM N HEV HYT ZIRMVIE PYM, WYF TVSXIKYMVIE WE, IE WXVFXY YR
HVYQ EXX HI KPSVMSW RGX EV 3 TYXYX W JEG KIPSEWI TR #M GIPI QEM PYHEXI
RE'MYRM.
(MRXVI XS'M QMPMXEVMM, WSPHE'MM, PYTXXSVMM, HMRXVI XS'M SEQIRMM TI GEVI M-EQ
GYRSWGYX #M GEVI TSEVX S QYWGLIX WEY S WTEH, RY #XMY TI RMGMYRYP GEVI W-P
TSEX IKEPE TI %R^ERM, GE EZRX EP GYVENYPYM, GE TYRIVI R TVEGXMG E #XMMR'IM.
)VE R^IWXVEX GY RHV^RIEPE GPSGSXMXSEVI E PYM 1EWWIRE, GY WRKIPI VIGI EP PYM
(EZIVMS, GY WIRMRXEXIE, FVEZYVE #M XIQTIVEQIRXYP V^FSMRMG EP PYM 1EREVE.1
'YRS#XMR'IPI QMPMXEVI EPI PYM %R^ERM, #XMMR'E WE HIWTVI XSEXI PYGVYVMPI RY
IVEY IKEPEXI HI RMQIRM, R^IWXVEX GY S QIQSVMI JV TIVIGLI, IP ZSVFIE GY S
TVIGM^MI RIQEMTSQIRMX HIWTVI PYGVYVMPI XVIGYXI, GLMEV HEG EGIWXI PYGVYVM
XVIGYXI EV 3 ENYRW TR R ERXMGLMXEXI.
R YPXMQMM ERM EM ZMI'MM WEPI, GEVEGXIVYP M WI WGLMQFEWI QYPX; HIZIRMWI
EWTVY, WYTVGMSW, MRXSPIVERX, HEV, FMIXYP %R^ERM, RY WI WGLMQFEWI JV QSXMZ!
'LMRYMX ETVSETI JV RGIXEVI HI HYVIVM, YVQVM EPI RYQIVSEWIPSV PYM VRM #M
EPI ZMI'MM JYVXYRSEWI TI GEVI S HYWIWI EX'ME ERM, #M XVE I\MWXIR'E HI
RIWYTSVXEX, S I\MWXIR' HI QEVXMV. 0EW YRIM QMRM QEM TVMGITYXI HIGX E QIE,
KVMNE HI E ^YKVZM ZME'E QMPMXEV E PYM %R^ERM, ZVIHRMG W YQTPI RST'MPI HI
ZIKLI EPI YRYM WGVMMXSV HI W. )EQ. R -XEPME, R +VIGME, R 4SVXYKEPME, R 7TERME,
R %QIVMGE, WI ZSV KWM, QIVKRH TI YVQIPI PYM, HSGYQIRXIPI ZMI'MM YRYM IVSY.
>MEVYP PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI HI PE 1SRXIZMHIS, 'MRYX HI %R^ERM, RY IWXI HIGX
YR ITMWSH EP ZMI'MM WEPI. )P E JSWX WY4IXYP EGIWXIM PIKMYRM, VMHMGEX, GSRHYW,
EHQMRMWXVEX HI IP, #M GY GEVI WI MHIRXM3GEWI.
3, -XEPMI! GRH %XSXTYXIVRMGYP ZE TYRI GETX RIRSVSGMVMPSV XEPI, IP 'M ZE
HVYM EP'M %R^ERM WTVI E-M GPY^M TI 3MM XM PE RMQMGMVIE GIPSV GI XI HIJMQIE^
#M XI XMVERM^IE^!
+EVMFEPHM /- (MR RSY 1SRXIZMHIS 1EM REMRXI HI E RGITI TSZIWXMVIE
GEQTERMIM HMR 0SQFEVHME, RXVITVMRW R 1848, W WTYRIQ, GY TVMZMVI PE
1SRXIZIHMS, XSX GIIE GI +EVMFEPHM, R QSHIWXME PYM, R-E TYXYX W WTYR, W
TSZIWXMQ XSX GIIE GI IP R-E TYXYX W TSZIWXIEWG.
2I EQMRXMQ HI PYTXE HMR 24 ETVMPMI 1844, HI XVIGIVIE TVMQINHMSEW E
&S]EHIM; WI #XMI R GIP JIP W-EY TYVXEX EGSPS WSPHE'MM MXEPMIRM.
33'IVYP GEVI-M HHIE VETSVXYP KIRIVEPYPYM 4E^ WI QVKMRM W-M WTYR GY
TVMZMVI PE WSPHE'MM MXEPMIRM:
7-EY FXYX GE RM#XI XMKVM.
2Y-M HI QMVEVI, VWTYRWI KIRIVEPYP 4E^, WYRX GSQERHE'M HI YR PIY.
(YT FXPME HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS, EQMVEPYP 0EMRI, GEVI GSQERHE TS^M'ME 0E
4PEXE, GYTVMRW HI YMQMVI JE' HI EGIWX QMRYREX JETX HI EVQI, M WGVMWI PYM
+EVMFEPHM YVQXSEVIE WGVMWSEVI, EP GVIM SVMKMREP WI E4 R QMRMPI PYM +. &.
'YRIS, TVMIXIR GY +EVMFEPHM. %QMVEPYP 0EMRI GSQERHE JVIKEXE 0' %JVMGEMRIE.
: JIPMGMX, WGYQTYP QIY KIRIVEP, HI E 3 GSRXVMFYMX GY EXXE TYXIVI, TVMR
TYVXEVIE HYQRIEZSEWXV MRXIPMKIRX #M RIRJVMGEX, PE WZV#MVIE JETXIM
V^FSMRMGI GY GEVI W-EV 3 QRHVMX WSPHE'MM QVGM EVQEXI GEVI, TIRXVY S GPMT, E
WXTRMX )YVSTE, : JIPMGMX HI EWIQIRIE TIRXVY WMQTPMXEXIE #M QSHIWXME GEVI
JEG #M QEM TVI'MSEWM PIGXYVE VIPEXVMM R GEVI HE'M GIPI QEM QMRY'MSEWI
EQRYRXI HIWTVI S JETX V^FSMRMG, TIRXVY GEVI ZM WI TSEXI 3JVMFYM, JV
XIEQ, QIVMXYP R RXVIKMQI.
(I EPXJIP, EGIEWX QSHIWXMI Z-E G#XMKEX WMQTEXME TIVWSERIPSV R WXEVI
W TVI'YMEWG I.YQ WI GYZMRI GIIE GI E'M M^FYXMX W JEGI'M HI #EWI PYRM
RGSEGI, TIVWSERI TVMRXVI GEVI XVIFYMI W RYZQVE'M, R TVMQYP VRH, TI
QMRMWXVYP RSWXVY TPIRMTSXIR'MEV, SRSVEFMPYP FEVSR (I2EYHMW, GEVI TSEVX YR
EHMRI VIWTIGX GEVEGXIVYPYM HYQRIEZSEWXV #M R GEVI EZI'M YR GEPGM ETVXSV,
QEM EPIW GRH I ZSVFE W WI WGVMI PE 4EVMW WTVI E WTYPFIVE EGSPS TVIVMPI
RIJEZSVEFMPI MWGEXI HI YRIPI EVXMGSPI HMR ^MEVI, VIHEGXEXI HI TIVWSERI TY'MR
SFM#RYMXI W WTYR EHIZVYP GLMEV GRH TSZIWXIWG JETXI RXQTPEXI WYF SGLMM
PSV.
4VMQM'M, KIRIVEPI, EWMKYVEVIE WXMQIM QIPI 0EMRI
2Y RYQEM G-M WGVMWI PYM +EVMFEPHM, HEV EQMVEPYP 0EMRI ZVY W-M TVI^MRXI
TIVWSREP SQEKMMPI WEPI: )P GIVY W 3I HIFEVGEX PE 1SRXIZMHIS #M WI HYWI R
WXVEHE 4SVXSRI, YRHI PSGYME +EVMFEPHM. %GIEWX PSGYMR', PE JIP HI WVGGMSEW
GE #M E GIPYM HMR YVQ WSPHEX, RY WI RGLMHIE RMGMSHEX, GM VQRIE HIWGLMW ^M
#M RSETXI TIRXVY XSEX PYQIE RHISWIFM TIRXVY ZRX #M TPSEMI, GYQ QM
WTYRIE +EVMFEPHM TSZIWXMRHY-QM EGIEWX RXQTPEVI.
)VE QMI^YP RST'MM; EQMVEPYP QTMRWI Y#E #M, HISEVIGI GEWE RY IVE
PYQMREX, WI M^FM HI YR WGEYR.
,IM, ^MWI IP, XVIFYMI RIETVEX W-'M WTEVKM GETYP GRH ZMM W-P ZI^M TI
+EVMFEPHM#
,IM! JIQIMI, WXVMK PE VRHYP PYM +EVMFEPHM, JV E VIGYRSE#XI KPEWYP
EQMVEPYPYM, R-EY^M G IWXI GMRIZE R ERXMGEQIV# * PYQMR!
"M GY GI ZVIM W JEG PYQMR# VWTYRWI %RMXE. 2Y #XMM G R-EQ RMGM YR
FER R GEW GE W GYQTV S PYQMREVI#
) EHIZM'EX, VWTYRWI 3PSWS3G +EVMFEPHM.
)P WI VMHMG: #M HYGRHY-WI W HIWGLMH Y#E GEQIVIM R GEVI WI E4E, ^MWI:
4I EMGM, TI EMGM! TIRXVY GE ZSGIE PYM, R PMTWE PYQMRMM, W-P GPY^IEWG
TI ZM^MXEXSV.
%QMVEPYP 0EMRI MRXV; IVE EXX HI RXYRIVMG RGX JY WMPMX W-#M WTYR
RYQIPI TIRXVY GE +EVMFEPHM W #XMI GY GMRI EZIE HI-E JEGI.
%QMVEPI, ^MWI IP, S W Q WGY^E'M, HEV GRH EQ RGLIMEX XVEXEXYP GY
VITYFPMGE 1SRXIZMHIS, EQ YMXEX W WTIGM3G #M S VE'MI HI PYQMRVM TVMRXVI VE'MMPI
GI RM WI HEY. (EV, HYT GYQ Z-E WTYW %RMXE, RII\MWXRH RMGM MQ FER R GEW
TIRXVY E GYQTVE S PYQMREVI, WXQ TI RXYRIVMG. (MR JIVMGMVI, TVIWYTYR G
HYQRIEZSEWXV ZIRM'M W ZSVFM'M GY QMRI #M RY W Q ZIHI'M.
RXV-EHIZV, EQMVEPYP ZSVFM GY +EVMFEPHM, HEV RY-P Z^Y.
(YT GI TPIG, WI HYWI PE KIRIVEPYP 4EGLIGS ] 3FIW, QMRMWXVYP HI
V^FSM, #M-M TSZIWXM GIPI RXQTPEXI.
1MRMWXVYP HI V^FSM, GEVI XSGQEM HHYWI HIGVIXYP TI GEVI P ZSQ GMXM, PY
RHEX S WYX HI TEXEKSRM (GMRGM WYXI HI JVERGM) #M-M XVMQMWI PYM +EVMFEPHM.
+EVMFEPHM RY ZVY W-P SJIRWI^I TI TVMIXIRYP WY 4EGLIGS, VIJY^RH9-M;
HEV E HSYE ^M, HMW-HI-HMQMRIE', PYRH GIM S WYX HI TEXEKSRM, WI HYWI W-M
QTEVX ZHYZIPSV #M SVJERMPSV WSPHE'MPSV YGM#M PE 7EPXS 7ER-%RXSRMS, RITWXVRH
TIRXVY IP HIGX EXX GX XVIFYME WTVI E GYQTVE S NYQXEXI HI OMPSKVEQ HI
PYQMRVM, #M S TSJXM TI WS'ME PYM W JEG IGSRSQMI, TIRXVY GE^YP R GEVI EQMVEPYP
0EMRI EV QEM ZIRM W-M JEG S E HSYE ZM^MX.
-EX HIGVIXYP TI GEVI P VIHEGXE 4EGLIGS ] 3FIW, GRH EQMVEPYP 0EMRI
ZIRMWI W JEG ETIP PE HVRMGME PYM: 3VHMR KIRIVEP 7TVI E HE ZMXINMPSV RS#XVM
XSZEV#M HI EVQI GEVI EY HIZIRMX RIQYVMXSVM TI GQTYVMPI HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS,
S REPX HSZEH E WXMQIM TI GEVI S EVI JE' HI IM EVQEXE TI GEVI EY JGYX-S
MPYWXV R EGIEWX QIQSVEFMP PYTX, QMRMWXVYP HI V^FSM LSXV#XI: 0E 15
GYVIRX, ^M EPIEW HI EYXSVMX'M WTVI E VIQMXI PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI S GSTMI HYT
YVQXSVYP HIGVIX, ZE EZIE PSG S QEVI TEVEH E KEVRM^SERIM GI WI ZE EHYRE R
WXVEHE HIP 1IVGEHS, E#I^RHY-#M 4ERGYP HVITX R QMGE TME' GY EGIPE#M-RYQI
#M R SVHMRIE TI GEVI S ZE MRHMGE WXEXYP-QENSV.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER WI ZE EHYRE R TME'E 'SRWXMXYGMSR, R JE'E GEXIHVEPIM, #M
EGSNS IE ZE TVMQM WYW-^MWE GSTMI GEVI M ZE 3 VIQMW HI S HITYX'MI TVI^MHEX
HI GSPSRIPYP *VERGIWGS 8EKIW, #M GSQTYW HMRXV-YR #IJ, YR S3'IV, YR WIVKIRX #M
YR WSPHEX, HMR 3IGEVI GSVT.
(ITYX'ME, HYT VIZIRMVIE PE GSVTYVMPI VIWTIGXMZI, WI ZE RHVITXE GY IPI
WTVI PSGYP MRHMGEX, HI3PRH R GSPSER HI SRSEVI TVMR JE'E PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI, #M
EWXE R ZVIQI GI #I3M HI GSVTYVM ZSV WEPYXE GY WXVMKXYP HI 8VMEWG 4EXVME!
XVMEWG KIRIVEPYP +EVMFEPHM #M FVEZMM PYM XSZEV#M.'
6IKMQIRXIPI ZSV XVIFYM W 3I EPMRMEXI PE SVIPI ^IGI HMQMRIE'E.
7I ZE HE GXI S GSTMI EYXIRXMG HI TI EGIWX SVHMR HI ^M PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI
#M KIRIVEPYPYM +EVMFEPHM.
4EGLIGS ] 3FIW
(IGVIXYP QIR'MSRE: ' YVQXSEVIPI GYZMRXI ZSV 3 RWGVMWI GY PMXIVI HI
EYV TI HVETIPYP PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI: %'&-92)% (-2 8 *)&69%6-) 184+ %
0)+-92-- -8%0-)2) () 79& 36(-2)0) 09- +%6-&%0(-
' PIKMYRIE MXEPMER ZE 3 TVI^IRX PE XSEXI TEVVMPI; ' RYQIPI QSV'MPSV
G^Y'M R EGIEWX GMSGRMVI ZSV 3 RWGVMWI, TI S TPEG E4EX R WEPE
KYZIVRQRXYPYM.
' XS'M WSPHE'MM ZSV TYVXE GE WIQR HMWXMRGXMZ, TI FVE'YP WXRK, S WXIQ #M
TI IE S GSVSER RGSRNYVEX HI MRWGVMT'ME YVQXSEVI: -2:-2'-&-0-
'31&%88)6323. 8 - )&&6%-7 1846 '
4I PRK EWXE, +EVMFEPHM, ZVRH W HIE HSZEHE WYTVIQ E WMQTEXMIM #M
VIGYRS#XMR'IM JE' HI SWXE#MM GEVI G^YWIV PYTXRH EPXYVM HI IP, R ^MYE HI 8
JIFVYEVMI, TYWI W WI REP'I TI GQTYP HI PYTX S GVYGI QEVI GI TYVXE TI YRE
HMR JI'IPI IM EGIEWX MRWGVMT'MI: %97 <<<:- -8%0-)27 13687 0) 8 *):6-)6
1('''<0:- 2
"M TI GIEPEPX TEVXI: '0<<<-: -8%0-)27 (%27 0) ',%14 7%2-%2832-3
*
3VMGX HI WVEG IVE +EVMFEPHM, KWM XSY#M RXV-S ^M YR WSPHEX QEM WVEG
HIGX IP. %GIWXE R-EZIE RMGM GQE# TI HRWYP. +EVMFEPHM P HYWI RXV-YR
YRKLIV, #M WGSEWI GQE#E #M M-S HHY. RXSVGRHY-WI EGEW, IP M GIVY %RMXIM
EPX GQE#. (EV %RMXE, GPXMRRH HMR GET, ^MWI:
"XMM FMRI G R-EZIEM HIGX YRE; EM HEX-S, GY EXX QEM VY TIRXVY XMRI!
"M PE VRHYP PYM, +EVMFEPHM, VQEWI JV GQE#, TR GI-M HHY %R^ERM
YRE. (EV +EVMFEPHM IVE MRGSVMKMFMP.
RXV-S ^M, HYT GI GETXYV YR ZEW HY#QER, QTV'M TVEHE GY XSZEV#MM PYM.
(YT GI JGY QTV'IEPE, #M GLIQ SEQIRMM YRMM HYT EP'MM, #M-M RXVIF HIWTVI
WXEVIE JEQMPMMPSV PSV.
'IPSV QEM RIZSME#M PI HHY S TEVXI HMR TVEHE WE, ^MGRHY-PI:
-E EWXE TIRXVY GSTMMM HYQMXEPI.
4VMRXVI EPXIPI, WI QEM E4E TI FSVH #M S QEVI WYQ HI FERM; HEV +EVMFEPHM
S XVMQMWI ZMWXMIVMIM HMR 1SRXIZMHIS, RIZSMRH W WI EXMRK HI RMGM YR FER. (YT
GXZE ZVIQI, TEVXIE HMR TVEH WI XSTM, E#E RGX RY QEM VQEWI HIGX GY XVIM
GIRXMQI R GEW. %GI#XM FERM JSVQIE^ SFMIGXYP YRIM RXQTPVM TI GEVI QM-E
TSZIWXMX-S GLMEV +EVMFEPHM.
RXV-S ^M, S EY^M TI JIXM'E PYM, 8IVIWMXE, WGS'RH RM#XI 'MTIXI TYXIVRMGI.
'YQ #M EHSVE GSTMPYP, EPIVK W ZEH HIWTVI GI IVE ZSVFE.
'STMPYP, EPYRIGRH HMR ZVJYP WGVMM, ZIRMWI KVQEH TR NSW; JE'E M IVE
TPMR HI WRKI. +EVMFEPHM, RI#XMMRH GYQ W-S QRKMI, WI KRHM PE GIPI XVIM
GIRXMQI GEVI EPGXYMEY XSEX EZIVIE PYM #M TI GEVI M TWXVE TIRXVY QTVINYVVM
KVIPI. 0Y EGIWXI GIRXMQI #M WI HYWI W GYQTIVI S NYGVMI GY GEVI W-P RGRXI
TI GSTMP. 0E Y#, WI RXPRM GY YR XVMQMW EP TVI#IHMRXIPYM .SEUYMR 7YEVI^, GEVI-P
GYXE, HMR TEVXIE WXTRYPYM WY, TIRXVY S GSQYRMGEVI MQTSVXERX.
+EVMFEPHM WI HYWI MQIHMEX PE TVI#IHMRXI, YMXRH HI QSXMZYP TIRXVY GEVI
TPIGEWI HI-EGEW #M 'MRRH, R QSH QE#MREP, GIPI XVIM GIRXMQI R QR.
'SRJIVMR'E 'MRY HSY GIEWYVM; RXV-EHIZV, IVE ZSVFE HI PYGVYVM
MQTSVXERXI.
(YT GIPI HSY GIEWYVM, +EVMFEPHM WI RETSMI EGEW; GSTMPYP WI PMRM#XMWI,
HEV %RMXE IVE JSEVXI. 2IPMRM#XMX.
4YRKE E JSWX JYVEX! M ^MWI IE RHEX GI-P Z^Y.
+EVMFEPHM #M EQMRXM HI GIPI XVIM GIRXMQI TI GEVI PI QEM 'MRIE RG R
QR. ,S'YP IVE IP.
'EQTERME HMR 0SQFEVHME %GYQE ZSQ VIPYE TSZIWXMVIE RSEWXV, GY
ENYXSVYP YRYM TVMIXIR EP PYM +EVMFEPHM, E FVEZYPYM GSPSRIP 1IHMGM GEVI TSEXI 3
NYHIGEX, HI EPXJIP, HYT WMQTPMXEXIE ZSVFIPSV WEPI HI EGSPS HI YRHI E
RXVIVYTX-S +EVMFEPHM.
4PIGEVIE WE R 7MGMPME RI-EV WMPM W STVMQ EMGM 1IQSVMMPI WEPI, HEG 1IHMGM
RY #M-EV 3 EWYQEX WEVGMRE W PI GSRXMRYI.
"M RSY, S QVXYVMWMQ, EGIWX JIP HI E ZSVFM HIWTVI +EVMFEPHM RI TPEGI
QEM QYPX HIGX W-P PWQ TI +EVMFEPHM W ZSVFIEWG HIWTVI IP RWY#M.
-RXVEHIZV, GRH TSZIWXI#XI +EVMFEPHM, IP YMX RIRGIXEX GSRXVMFY'ME WE PE
EG'MYRMPI TI GEVI PI MWXSVMWI#XI, #M EWXE WTV# E WGSEXI R IZMHIR' JETXIPI
XSZEV#MPSV WM; HISEVIGI RSM RI SGYTQ RHISWIFM HI IP, I TVIJIVEFMP, WTVI E-P
ZIHIE R EHIZVEXE WE PYQMR, W M WI MWXSVMWIEWG JETXIPI HI GXVI EPXGMRIZE
HIGX HI IP RWY#M.
%#EHEV, P ZSQ PWE TI GSPSRIPYP 1IHMIM W TSZIWXIEWG IP GEQTERME HMR
0SQFEVHME HMR 1848.
%Q TPIGEX HI PE 0SRHVE WTVI 1SRXIZMHIS, TI PE NYQXEXIE ERYPYM 1846.
2MGM YR QSXMZ TSPMXMG WEY GSQIVGMEP RY Q GLIQE R %QIVMGE HI 7YH: Q
HYGIEQ EGSPS TIRXVY WRXEXIE QIE.
(SGXSVMM Q GVIHIEY EXMRW HI XYFIVGYPS^ TYPQSREV; STMRMMPI QIPI
PMFIVEPI Q-EY I\MPEX HMR -XEPME; Q-EQ LSXVX HIGM W XVEZIVWI^ QEVIE.
%Q ENYRW PE 1SRXIZMHIS PE #ETXI WEY STX PYRM HYT EG'MYRIE HI PE 7EPXS
7ER-%RXSRMS. *EMQE PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI WI E4E R TPMRXEXIE R4SVMVMM IM. +EVMFEPHM
IVE TI EXYRGM IVSYP QSQIRXYPYM. %Q GYXEX W-P GYRSWG #M P-EQ VYKEX W Q
TVMQIEWG R PIKMYRIE WE: E GSRWMQ'MX.
% HSYE ^M QFVGEQ FPY^E VS#MI GY SVREQIRXI ZIV^M, #M-QM ^MGIEQ GY
QRHVMI: 7YRX WSPHEXYP PYM +EVMFEPHM!
'YVRH, Q-EQ PIKEX QEM WXVRW HI IP. )P QM-E EGSVHEX TVMIXIRME, TI
YVQ RGVIHIVIE WE #M, GRH XSXYP E JSWX LSXVX TIRXVY TPIGEVI, GY S PYR QEM
REMRXI GE IP W TVWIEWG 1SRXIZMHIS, Q-EQ QFEVGEX TI YR TEGLIFSX GI
TPIGE WTVI 0I ,ZVI.
%ZIEQ MRWXVYG'MYRMPI PYM, MRWXVYG'MYRM GPEVI #M TVIGMWI GE XSEXI GIPI TI
GEVI PI HHIE +EVMFEPHM. )VEQ RWVGMREX W Q HYG R 4MIQSRX #M R 8SWGERE #M
W ZH EGSPS QEM QYP'M SEQIRM WXVPYGM'M, TVMRXVI EP'MM TI *ER'M, TI +YIVE^^M #M
TI &IPYSQMRM, 3YP KIRIVEPYPYM. %ZIEQ EHVIWE PYM +YIVE^^M, GEVI WXXIE EWGYRW
R ETVSTMIVI HI 4MWXSME.
7TVMNMRMX HI EGIWXI TYXIVRMGI ENYXSEVI, XVIFYME W SVKERM^I^ MRWYVIG'ME:
+EVMFEPHM, HIFEVGRH PE :MEVIKKMS, EV 3 KWMX-S KEXE; EQ 3 TYW WXTRMVI TI
0YGGE #M EQ 3 QIVW EGSPS YRHI EV 3 I\MWXEX WTIVER'I.
%Q WXVFXYX 4EVMWYP TI ZVIQIE VWGSEPIM HMR 15 QEM; EQ XVIGYX R -XEPME
#M, HYT S PYR, EZIEQ XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM KEXE W QIEVK SVMYRHI M-E# 3
GSRHYW, 3I #M R MEH. %XYRGM EQ E4EX IY G +EVMFEPHM HIFEVGEWI PE 2MWE.
R TVMQYP QSQIRX Q-EQ WMQ'MX EHRG VRMX TIRXVY JETXYP G YMXEWI HI
GIIE GI JYWIWI GSRZIRMX RXVI RSM. (YT GEVI E4EM G +EVMFEPHM TVWMWI 2MWE #M
G-P PWEWI TI %R^ERM TI QSEVXI. P MYFIEQ QYPX TI %R^ERM; XSEX PYQIE P
MYFIE. %Q EPIVKEX HIGM PE 2MWE; %R^ERM QEM XVME RG. 0-EQ XVERWTSVXEX PE
+IRSZE, YRHI, R XMQTYP EKSRMIM, TVMQM SWTMXEPMXEXI R TEPEXYP QEVGLM^YPYM
+EZSXXS, R ETEVXEQIRXYP TI GEVI P SGYTE EGSPS TMGXSVYP +EPPMRS. 1-EQ E#I^EX
PE GTXMYP PYM #M RY P-EQ QEM TVWMX. %R^ERM IVE RKVMNSVEX, QEM QYPX HIGX WI
GYZIRIE, HI WYTVEVIE QIE TI +EVMFEPHM. QM ZSVFIE EHIWIE HIWTVI EWXE; RXV-
S ^M, QM PY QRE #M, GY YR EGGIRX TVSJIXMG GI TVIE G-#M EVI MRWTMVE'ME RXV-S
EPX PYQI, QM ^MWI:
1IHMGM, W RY 3M TVIE WIZIV GY +EVMFEPHM; IP IWXI YR SQ GEVI E TVMQMX
HMR TEVXIE GIVYPYM S EXEVI QIRMVI, RGX I FMRI W-P WTVMNMRM #M W-P YVQI^M.
:MMXSVYP -XEPMIM WX R QMRMPI PYM; IWXI YR EPIW. 1-EQ GIVXEX #M IY, RY S HEX, GY
IP; HEV, GSRZMRW HI QMWMYRIE WE, Q-EQ RXSVW XSXHIEYRE PE IP, J GRH IY
TVMQYP TEW.
%GIWXI ZSVFI Q-EY MQTVIWMSREX GYQ RI MQTVIWMSRIE^ YPXMQIPI GYZMRXI
EPI YRYM QYVMFYRH #M, HI EXYRGM, PI-EQ EY^MX JSEVXI EHIWIE VWYRRHY-QM R
YVIGLM. %R^ERM IVE 3PSWSJ #M TVEGXMGE TVIE TY'MR RHEXSVMVMPI QEXIVMEPI EPI
VIPMKMIM. 8SXY#M, R GPMTE QSV'MM, #M HISEVIGI E JSWX RXVIFEX HEG RY ZVIE W ZEH
YR TVISX, E VWTYRW: (E, GLIQE'M YRYP.
"M, RXVYGX Q QMVEQ HI EGIWX EGX, TI GEVI P RYQIEQ WPFMGMYRI, IP QM
WTYWI:
4VMIXIRI, -XEPME E#XIETX QYPX R EGIWX QSQIRX HI PE HSM SEQIRM, HI
PE 4MYW EP -<-PIE #M HI PE +EVMFEPHM. )M FMRI, SEQIRMM GEVI W-EY RXSVW EMGM GY
+EVMFEPHM RY XVIFYMI W 3I EGY^E'M G WYRX GVIXMGM.
(YT GEVI, TVMQM W3RXIPI XEMRI.
R EGIIE#M RSETXI, WTVI SVIPI XVIM HMQMRIE'E, QYVM R FVE'IPI QIPI JV
W-#M 3 TMIVHYX S GPMT GYRS#XMR'E, JV W 3 EZYX YR QMRYX HI HIPMV. 9PXMQIPI PYM
GYZMRXI EY JSWX:
2Y YMXE VIGSQERHE'ME QIE GY TVMZMVI PE +EVMFEPHM.
"M #M HHY YPXMQE WY4EVI.
8VYTYP #M LVXMMPI PYM %R^ERM EY JSWX RGVIHMR'EXI JVEXIPYM WY, YR SQ
HIZSXEX GY XVYT #M WY4IX TEVXMHYPYM EYWXVMEG.
8VYTYP M-E JSWX HYW PE %P^EXI, TEXVME PYM %R^ERM, #M GEHEZVYP EGIWXYM SQ,
GEVI GY #EWI PYRM QEM REMRXI R-EV 3 KWMX, R RXVIEKE -XEPMI, S TMEXV YRHI W-#M
TYR GETYP, EZY TEVXI HI YR QEV# XVMYQJEP, 'RH WI E4 HIWTVI QSEVXIE PYM,
PE 1SRXIZMHIS, JY YR HSPMY KIRIVEP R PIKMYRI; M WI GRX YR VIUYMIQ #M
HSGXSVY0 &EVXSPSQIS 9HMGMRI, QIHMG #M GLMVYVK EP PIKMYRMM, VSWXM YR HMWGYVW
JYRIFVY.
'X HIWTVI +EVMFEPHM, TIRXVY E JEGI W VIXVMEWG EXX GX IVE GY
TYXMR', EQMRXMVIE PYM, SVKERM^RH FEXEPMSERIPI HI ZSPYRXEVM PSQFEV^M, RYQM
TVMQYP FEXEPMSR, FEXEPMSRYP %R^ERM1'.
(YT QSEVXIE PYM %R^ERM, EQ TPIGEX PE 8SVMRS.
RXV-S ^M, RXQTPEVIE E JGYX GE, TPMQFRHY-Q TI WYF EVGEHI, W Q
TSQIRIWG JE' R JE' GY +EVMFEPHM.
:^RHY-P, QM ZIRM R QMRXI VIGSQERHEVIE PYM %R^ERM; IWXI EHIZVEX G
IVE WTVMNMRMX #M TI EHRGE #M VIWTIGXYSEWE XERHVI'I TI GEVI M-S TYVXEQ PYM
+EVMFEPHM.
2I EVYRGEVQ YRYP R FVE'IPI GIPYMPEPX.
%TSM, HYT GI RI-EQ QFV'M#EX GPHYVSW, EQMRXMVIE TEXVMIM RI ZIRM
EQRHYVSVE, R EGIPE#M XMQT, R QMRXI:
)M FMRI, GI-S W JEGIQ# RI-EQ RXVIFEX RSM.
(EV HYQRIEZSEWXV RY ZIRM'M HI PE 6SZIVFIPPE# P-EQ RXVIFEX IY. 2-
E'M JSWX W Z SJIVM'M WEFME PYM 'EVSP-%PFIVX#
&Y^E M WI PW R NSW R QSH HMWTVI'YMXSV.
3EQIRMM #XME RY WYRX ZVIHRMGM GE MRMQM HI-EPI RSEWXVI W PM WI
WYTYR. 2Y SEQIRMM, WGYQTYP QIY 1IHMGM: TEXVME, XSXHIEYRE TEXVME #M, RMQMG
EPXE HIGX TEXVME.
(ISEVIGI RY TVIE HMWTYW W-QM HIE EQRYRXI HIWTVI RXVIZIHIVIE PYM
GY 'EVSP-%PFIVX, EQ RGIXEX W-P QEM RXVIF.
1EM XV^MY, EQ E4EX G VIKIPI 'EVSP-%PFIVX P TVMQMWI GY S I\XVIQ
VGIEP, XVMQM'RHY-P PE 8SVMRS TIRXVY GE IP W E#XITXI EGSPS SVHMRIPI
QMRMWXVYPYM WY HI V^FSM, HSQRYP 6MGGM.
(SQRYP 6MGGM, GSRWMQ'MRH W-#M EHYG EQMRXI G +EVMFEPHM E#XITXE
SVHMRIPI PYM, TYWI W-P GLIQI #M-M ^MWI;
8I WJXYMIWG WIVMSW W TPIGM PE :IRI'ME; EGSPS S W MIM GSQERHE GXSVZE
FVGY'I #M S W TS'M, 3MRH GSVWEV, W 3M JSEVXI JSPSWMXSV ZIRI'MIRMPSV. 'VIH G
PSGYP HYQMXEPI IWXI EGSPS #M RY R EPX TEVXI.
+EVMFEPHM RY-M VWTYRWI HSQRYPYM 6MGGM, HSEV G R PSG W WI HYG PE
:IRI'ME, VQEWI PE 8SVMRS.
-EX TIRXVY GI P-EQ RXPRMX TI WYF EVGEHI.
)M FMRI, GI-S W JEGIQ# RI RXVIFEVQ HMR RSY.
'Y SEQIRM GPM'M EWIQIRIE PYM +EVMFEPHM, LSXVVMPI WI MEY VITIHI.
%Q LSXVX HIGM W QIVKIQ PE 1MPERS, #M EQ #M TPIGEX R EGIIE#M WIEV.
1SQIRXYP IVE FYR; XSGQEM WI TVMQMWI ZIWXIE TVMQIPSV RJVRKIVM EPI
EVQEXIM TMIQSRXI^I33. +YZIVRYP TVSZM^SVMY M HHY PYM +EVMFEPHM XMXPYP HI
KIRIVEP #M-P EYXSVM^ W SVKERM^I^I FEXEPMSERI HI ZSPYRXEVM PSQFEV^M. +EVMFEPHM
#M GY QMRI, GEVI IVEQ WYF SVHMRIPI WEPI, RI-EQ TYW HI RHEX TI PYGVY. 1EM
RXM EQ JSWX ENYR#M HI YR FEXEPMSR HI ZSPYRXEVM HMR :MGIR^E, GI RI WSWIE KEXE
SVKERM^EX HI PE 4EZME. %GIWXE IVE YR RYGPIY. +EVMFEPHM GVI FEXEPMSRYP
%R^ERM, TI GEVI P GSQTPIX R GYVRH.
)Y EZIEQ WEVGMRE W HMWGMTPMRI^ XSX EGIWX XMRIVIX EP FEVMGEHIPSV GEVI, R
XMQTYP GIPSV GMRGM ^MPI34, GY XVIM WYXI HI TY#XM #M GY TEXVY WEY GMRGM WYXI HI
WY4IXI, P KSRMWI HMR 1MPERS TI 6EHIX^O] #M TI GIM HSY^IGM HI QMM HI WSPHE'M EM
PYM. (EV RXQTMREQ EGIPIE#M KVIYX'M TI GEVI PI-E RXQTMREX +EVMFEPHM #M R
1859. 'SVTYVMPI HI ZSPYRXEVM, GEVI VITVI^MRX WTMVMXYP 6IZSPY'MIM, RIPMRM#XIWG
RXSXHIEYRE KYZIVRIPI. 9R WMRKYV GYZRX RI ZE HE S MHII HIWTVI WTMVMXYP
ZSPYRXEVMPSV RS#XVM.
1E^^MRM IVE WXIKEVYP PSV, #M YRE HMR GSQTERMMPI WEPI WI RYQIE GSQTERME
1IHMGM. +YZIVRYP E RGITYX TVMR E RI VIJY^E EVQIPI; YR FVFEX GY SGLIPEVM,
GEVI SGYTE YR PSG MQTSVXERX R QMRMWXIV, ^MWI, JSEVXI EVSKERX, G EWXIE IVEY
EVQI TMIVHYXI #M G +EVMFEPHM IVE YR WTEHEWMR, #M RMQMG EPXE. 2SM R-EQ VWTYRW
HIGX: FMRI; GX HIWTVI EVQI, EQ WTYW G RM PI ZSQ TVSGYVE WMRKYVM, HEV GIP
TY'MR W FMRIZSMEWG W RI HIE YRMJSVQI. 2M W-E VWTYRW G RY I\MWXEY
YRMJSVQI; HEV RM W-EY HIWGLMW HITS^MXI R GEVI WI E4EY LEMRI EYWXVMIGI,
YRKYVI#XM #M GVSEXI. )VE S KPYQ FYR JE' HI RM#XI SEQIRM GEVI GIVIEY W 3I
YGM#M, QIVKRH W PYTXI GY GVSE'MM, GY YRKYVMM #M GY EYWXVMIGMM. 8S'M EGI#XM XMRIVM
GEVI ETEV'MRIEY TVMQIPSV JEQMPMM HMR 1MPERS, HMRXVI GEVI GXIZE IVEY QMPMSREVI,
EY VIJY^EX GY MRHMKREVI. 8SXY#M XVIFYME PYEX S LSXVVI; RY WI TYXIE PYTXE,
YRMM 3MRH R JVEG, GIMPEP'M R VIHMRKSX; EQ PYEX LEMRIPI HI TR^ EPI WSPHE'MPSV
EYWXVMIGM, EPI GIPSV GI WI RYQIWG VMXXIVW, #M RI-EQ JGYX HMR IPI YR JIP HI
FPY^I.
'M ZIRIE W QSVM HI VW, RY EPXE; EZIEQ EIVYP YRYM VIKMQIRX HI
FYGXEVM. 8VIFYME W EM SGLMYP JSEVXI TXVYR^XSV WTVI E VIGYRSE#XI, WYF
EGIEWX TR^ KVSWSPER, 4SEVIE XMRIVIXYPYM HMR 1MPERS.
R ZVIQI GI RI GVSMEQ LEMRIPI, TI QWYV, RI TVSGYVEQ TY#XM #M QYRM'MM
TVMR XSEXI QMNPSEGIPI TSWMFMPI. R WJV#MX, S HEX REVQE'M #M QFVGE'M, S
TSVRMVQ, R QEV#, WTVI &IVKEQS, GRXRH MQRYVM TEXVMSXMGI.
'X HIWTVI QMRI, EZIEQ WYF SVHMRIPI QIPI GEQ ZVIS WYX STX^IGM HI
XMRIVM, ETVSETI XS'M, EQ WTYW-S, ETEV'MRRH TVMQIPSV JEQMPMM HMR 1MPERS.
7SWMVQ PE &IVKEQS, YRHI JYVQ ENYR#M HI 1E^^MRM, GEVI ZIRIE W-#M ME
PSGYP R VRHYVMPI RSEWXVI #M GEVI JY TVMQMX GY EGPEQE'MM.
%MGM RM WI EPXYV YR VIKMQIRX HI PSGYMXSVM HMR &IVKEQS, VIGVY'M VIKYPE'M
EM EVQEXIM TMIQSRXI^I, XVRH HYT IM HSY XYRYVM GI ETEV'MRIEY KV^MM
RE'MSREPI.
(I-EFME WSWMVQ, G YR SVHMR EP GSQMXIXYPYM HMR 1MPERS RI #M VIGLIQ;
HMR GSQMXIX JGIEY TEVXI: *ER'M, 1EI#XVM #M 6IWXIPPM.
3VHMRYP EVXE G XVIFYMI W RI RXSEVGIQ, R QEV# JSV'EX. %Q HEX
EWGYPXEVI #M EQ PYEX-S RHVX WTVI 1MPERS. (EV, WSWM'M PE 1SR^E, EQ E4EX,
XSXSHEX, G 1MPERS GETMXYPEWI #M G YR GSVT HI GEZEPIVM#XM EYWXVMIGM S TSVRMWI
R YVQVMVIE RSEWXV. +EVMFEPHM SVHSR RHEX VIXVEKIVIE WTVI 'SQS; MRXIR'ME
RSEWXV IVE W RI ETVSTMIQ GX QEM QYPX GY TYXMR' HI KVERM'E IPZI'MER.
+EVMFEPHM Q TYWI R EVMIVKEVH WTVI E-M EGSTIVM VIXVEKIVIE. )VEQ JSEVXI
SFSWM'M HI QEV#YP JSV'EX TI GEVI-P JGYWIQ. 2-EZYWIWIQ XMQT W QRGQ PE
1SR^E, IVEQ QSV'M HI JSEQI #M HI SFSWIEP; SEQIRMM RS#XVM WI VIXVEWIV R
HI^SVHMRI, HEV GY XSXYP HIQSVEPM^E'M.
6I^YPXEXYP EGIWXIM HIQSVEPM^VM JY G, S HEX ENYR#M PE 'SQS, HI^IVXEVIE
WI #M MZM TVMRXVI RSM. (MR GMRGM QMM HI SEQIRM TI GEVI M EZIE +EVMFEPHM, TEXVY
QMM HSY WYXI XVIGYV R )PZI'ME; EQ VQEW GY STX WYXI. +EVMFEPHM, GE #M GYQ M-
EV QEM 3 EZYX RG TI GIM GMRGM QMM HI SEQIRM EM PYM, GY GEPQYP WY SFM#RYMX, PY
TS^M'MI PE 'EQIVPEXE, TYRGXYP HI RGVYGM#EVI EP QEM QYPXSV HVYQYVM, QEM
REMRXI HI 'SQS. -RWXEP EGSPS GIPI HSY XYRYVM #M I\TIHMI GYVMIVM PYM 1EREVE,
PYM +VM5RM, PYM (YVERHS, PYM %TMGI, R WJV#MX XYXYVSV #I3PSV HI GSVTYVM ZSPYRXEVI
HMR 0SQFEVHME HI WYW, MRZMXRHY-M W GEH HI EGSVH GY IP EWYTVE TS^M'MMPSV
TYXIVRMGI TI GEVI PI SGYTEY, TS^M'MM GY EXX QEM WMKYVI #M PIWRI HI QIR'MRYX
TR R YPXMQYP QSQIRX, GY GX IPI WI WTVMNMRIEY TI )PZI'ME. -RZMXE'ME VQEWI
RW JV VI^YPXEX. %XYRGM +EVMFEPHM WI VIXVEWI HI PE 'EQIVPEXE, GXVI EGIPE#M
7ER-*IVQS YRHI, R 1859, M-EQ FXYX EXX HI VY TI EYWXVMIGM.
(EV, QEM REMRXI HI E SGYTE TS^M'ME, IP RI EHYR R TME'E HMR 7ER-*IVQS
#M RI EHVIW S GYZRXEVI. 'YZRXVMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM, ZMM, TMXSVI#XM, GETXMZERXI,
EZIEY EHIZVEXE IPSGMR' E WSPHEXYPYM. 2I WTYWI G V^FSMYP HI TEVXM^ERM
XVIFYME W GSRXMRYI, R KVYTYVM, G V^FSMYP EGIWXE IVE GIP QEM WMKYV #M QEM
TY'MR TVMQINHMSW, G IVE ZSVFE HSEV W EM RGVIHIVI R #IJ #M W XI FM^YM TI
XSZEV#MM XM.
'Y XSEX EGIEWX GYZRXEVI GPHYVSEW, EZYV PSG R XMQTYP RST'MM, RSM
HI^IVXVM #M, E HSYE ^M, XVYTE RSEWXV WI VIHYWIWI PE TEXVY WEY GMRGM WYXI HI
SEQIRM.
+EVMFEPHM, WTVI QEVIPI WY VIKVIX, WI LSXV W WI RXSEVG R 4MIQSRX,
HEV, R QSQIRXYP GRH W XVIEG KVERM'E, P GYTVMRWI VY#MRIE; WI STVM PE
'EWXIPPIXXS, TI 8IWWMR, QM SVHSR W WXVFEX QTVINYVMQMPI #M W-M EHYG RETSM
GX QEM QYP'M HI^IVXSVM GY TYXMR'. 1 HYWIM TR PE 0YKERS, EHYWIM RHVX
XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM, RI RYQVEVQ, IVEQ #ETXI WYXI GMRGM^IGM. +EVMFEPHM KWM
G RYQVYP IWXI WY3GMIRX WTVI E QIVKI QTSXVMZE EYWXVMIGMPSV.
0E 12 EYKYWX, IP H JEMQSEWE WE TVSGPEQE'MI, R GEVI P HIGPEV TI 'EVSP-
%PFIVX XVHXSV, EVX G MXEPMIRMM RY QEM TSX #M RY QEM XVIFYMI W WI RGVIEH
R IP #M G SVMGI TEXVMSX XVIFYMI W GSRWMHIVI GE S HEXSVMI W JEG V^FSMYP,
3IGEVI TI WIEQE PYM.
(YT HEVIE EGIWXIM TVSGPEQE'MM, R QSQIRXYP GRH HMR XSEXI TV'MPI WI
FXIE R VIXVEKIVI, RSM WMRKYVM S TSVRMQ REMRXI #M +EVMFEPHM, GY #ETXI WYXI
GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM, SVKERM^IE^ S QM#GEVI SJIRWMZ QTSXVMZE EVQEXIM
EYWXVMIGI. 2I RHVITXQ WTVI %VSRE; TYRIQ WXTRMVI TI HSY ZEWI GY EFYVM
#M TI GXIZE EQFEVGE'MYRM QMGM. RGITIQ QFEVGEVIE GEVI 'MRI TR WIEVE, MEV
E HSYE ^M, R ^SVM, WSWMQ PE 0YMRS.
+EVMFEPHM IVE FSPREZ; EZIE S JIFV MRXIVQMXIRX QTSXVMZE GVIME RGIVGE
^EHEVRMG W PYTXI.
'YTVMRW HI YRYP HMR EGIWXI EGGIWI, IP MRXV R LERYP 0E &IGGEGGME, S
GEW M^SPEX, QEM REMRXI HI 0YMRS, #M HIWTV'MX HI WEX TVMRXV-YR VYPI' TIWXI
GEVI IWXI EVYRGEX YR TSH; TI YVQ XVMQMWI W Q GLIQI.
1IHMGM, QM ^MWI IP, EQ EFWSPYX RIZSMI HI HSY GIEWYVM HI SHMLR;
RPSGYMI#XI-Q #M ZIKLIE^ EWYTVE RSEWXV.
,ERYP 0E &IGGEGIME IVE VY EPIW TIRXVY YR SQ GY JIFV, GEVI ZSME W
HSEVQ PMRM#XMX. )VE WIRXMRIPE REMRXEX HI PE 0YMRS, TVMQE GEW GI EV 3 XVIFYMX
W 3I EXEGEX HI HY#QER, TVIWYTYRRHY-P TI HY#QER TVMR QTVINYVMQM.
2SM RY EZIEQ RMGM S #XMVI TVMZMXSV PE QM#GVMPI EYWXVMIGMPSV, RY #XMEQ HEG
RI E4EQ PE ^IGI PIKLI HI IM WEY PE YR OMPSQIXVY. --EQ WTYW XSXY#M PYM +EVMFEPHM
W HSEVQ PMRM#XMX, EWMKYVRHY-P G-QM ZSM PYE XSEXI TVIGEY'MMPI TIRXVY GE
WSQRYP W RY-M 3I XYPFYVEX. (YT GI M-EQ JKHYMX EWXE, EQ MI#MX; TY#XMPI WI
E4EY KVQEH, HI TEVXIE GIEPEPX E TSHYPYM, MEV SEQIRMM RS#XVM GEQTE'M RXVI
TSH #M 0YMRS.
%Q E#I^EX WIRXMRIPI R JE'E, LERYPYM 0E &IGGEGGME #M EQ XVMQMW RM#XI
'VERM W GIVGIXI^I QTVINYVMQMPI.
(YT S NYQXEXI HI GIEW, MWGSEHIPI QIPI WI RXSEVWIV WTIVMEXI,
WXVMKRH:
%YWXVMIGMM! EYWXVMIGMM!
+EVMFEPHM R XSMYP JIFVIM, WVM NSW HMR TEX, SVHSRRHY-QM W TYR W WI
WYRI EHYREVIE #M W-M WXVRK TI SEQIRMM RS#XVM; HI PE JIVIEWXVE WE, ZIHIE
GQTME #M YVQE W RI ENYRK GRH ZE 3 XMQTYP.
RXV-EHIZV, HYT ^IGI QMRYXI, WI E4E R QMNPSGYP RSWXVY.
QTV'M QMGE RSEWXV XVYT R HSY GSPSERI; YRE, FEVRH HVYQYP, JY
HIWXMREX W 'MR TMITX EYWXVMIGMPSV; GIEPEPX, PYRH S TS^M'MI HI 4ERG, RI
QTMIHMGE W RI VSXMQ #M TYXIE GLMEV W #M EXEGI.
%YWXVMIGMM WI MZMV GYVRH TI HVYQYP QEVI; WSGSXMVQ G TYXIEY W 3I
RXVI S QMI #M S QMI HSY WYXI; IM TYWIV RHEX QRE TI LERYP 0E
&IGGEGGME.
+EVMFEPHM HHY TI PSG SVHMRYP HI EXEG GSPSERIM GEVI RGLMHIE HVYQYP
QEVI; EGIEWX GSPSER, GEVI WI GSQTYRIE HMR TEXVY WYXI HI SEQIRM, EXEG, R
QSH LSXVX, S QMI HSY WYXI.
3FMGIMYP PYM +EVMFEPHM IVE HI E RY-#M RYQVE RMGMSHEX RMGM HY#QERMM, RMGM
TVSTVMM PYM SEQIRM; HEG XI E4M R JE'E HY#QERYPYM, ETSM XVIFYMI W-P EXEGM.
8VIFYMI W QVXYVMWIWG G, ETVSETI RXSXHIEYRE, EGIEWX XEGXMG M-E
VIY#MX.
8SXY#M, EYWXVMIGMM VI^MWXRH, +EVMFEPHM WSGSXM RIGIWEV W-#M ERKENI^I XSEXI
JSV'IPI; IP GLIQ GSPSERE HMR 4ERG #M VIRRSM EXEGYP.
%ZIEQ HMREMRXI-QM YR ^MH, TI GEVI P IWGEPEHEM QTVIYR GY GSQTERME
QIE; Q TSQIRMM R KVHMR; EYWXVMIGMM XVKIEY TVMR XSEXI HIWGLM^XYVMPI
LERYPYM.
(EV RSM RI EVYRGEVQ R QMNPSGYP KPSER'IPSV, EXEGEVQ PE FEMSRIX #M,
TVMR XSEXI EGIWXI HIWGLM^XYVM, GEVI, GY S GPMT QEM REMRXI, ZVWEY JSG,
TXVYRWIVQ RSM. %YWXVMIGMM WI VIXVEWIV R QEVI HI^SVHMRI.
+EVMFEPHM GSRHYWIWI EXEGYP GPEVI, HMREMRXIE TSHYPYM, PE GMRGM^IGM HI
TE#M HI LER, R QMNPSGYP JSGYPYM; JYWIWI S QMRYRI G, I\TYW GE S 'MRX XMVYPYM
MREQMG, RY-P EXMRWIWI RMGM YR KPSR'. (I RHEX GI-M Z^Y TI EYWXVMIGM TY#M TI
JYK, QM WXVMK W-M YVQVIWG GY GSQTERME QIE. (I^IVXEVIE S VIHYWIWI GEQ
PE ZVIS WYX HI SEQIRM, #M, GY GIM S WYX HI SEQIRM EM QIM, EQ TSVRMX R
YVQVMVIE E S QMI S WYX HI SEQIRM. 2Y IVE R EWXE GMRI #XMI GI QEVI QIVMX,
GGM EYWXVMIGMM TVIEY GYTVMR#M HI S EHIZVEX TERMG; JYKIEY EVYRGRH TY#XM,
VERM'I #M GEVXY#MIVI; EPIVKEV TR PE :EVIWI. 0WEV, PE LERYP 0E
&IGIEGGME'ZVIS WYX HI QSV'M #M HI VRM'M, MEV R QMRMPI RSEWXVI STX^IGM HI
TVM^SRMIVM.
%Q EY^MX WTYRRHY-WI G WI STVMWIV PE +IVIQMRMEHE; Q-EQ HYW TR
EGSPS, HEV IM #M TPIGEWIV. %Q TSVRMX-S TI YVQIPI PSV; HEV, SVMGX HI VITIHI EQ
EPIVKEX, RY M-EQ QEM ENYRW.
R XMQTYP RST'MM WSWM ZIWXIE G YR EP HSMPIE GSVT EYWXVMEG, QEM RYQIVSW
HIGX TVMQYP, WI RHVITXE WTVI RSM. +EVMFEPHM QM SVHSR W VI^MWX PE
+IVIQMRMEHE; TYWIM, TI HEX, W WI VMHMGI FEVMGEHI #M W WI JEG GVIRIPYVM TI
GEWI.
)VEQ EXX HI SFM#RYM'M GY EWXJIP HI JSVXM3GE'MM, RGX RY RI XVIFYME QEM
QYPX HI YR GIEW TIRXVY E JEGI GE TR #M YPXMQE FSNHIYG W 3I R WXEVI W
VI^MWXI YRYM EWIHMY. "XMVIE IVE JEPW. +EVMFEPHM XVMQMWI HSY-XVIM GSQTERMM R
HMVIG'MM HMJIVMXI; ETSM, PE RXSEVGIVIE PSV, WXVRKRHY-#M XSX IJIGXMZYP, HHY SVHMR
W WI QV#PYMEWG WTVI +YIVPE #M, HI EGSPS, WTVI :EVIWI, YRHI JY TVMQMX R
XVMYQJ.
2SM REMRXEQ HVITX WTVI 6EHIX^O].
0E :EVIWI, SGYTEVQ RP'MQIE &YMRS HM 7STVE, GEVI HSQMR :EVIWI #M
SEVI RI EWMKYVE VIXVEKIVIE. %GSPS, +EVMFEPHM SVHSR W 3I QTY#GEX YR WTMSR
EP EYWXVMIGMPSV. 7TMSRYP XVIFYME W JYVRM^I^I MRJSVQE'MM HIWTVI JSV'IPI RSEWXVI
GIPSV XVIM QEVM GSPSERI EYWXVMIGI XVMQMWI QTSXVMZE RSEWXV. 9RE TSVRIE WTVI
'SQS, EPXE WTVI :EVIWI; E XVIME WI HIWTV'IE HI GIPIPEPXI HSY #M WI RHVITXE
WTVI 0YMRS.
%TVIE PMQTIHI G TPERYP EYWXVMIGMPSV IVE W WI E#I^I RXVI +EVMFEPHM #M
0YKERS #M W-M XEMI VIXVEKIVIE, 3I WTVI 4MIQSRX, 3I WTVI )PZI'ME, %XYRGM EQ
TPIGEX HI -E &YMRS PE %VGMWEXI.
(I PE %VGMWEXI, +EVMFEPHM Q XVMQMWI GY GSQTERME QIE, GEVI JGIE
QIVIY WIVZMGMYP HI EZERKEVH, WTVI :MKKME.
%NYRW EGSPS GY GIM S WYX HI SEQIRM EM QIM, EQ TVMQMX SVHMRYP W Q
RHVITX MQIHMEX QTSXVMZE EYWXVMIGMPSV.
4VMQE GSPSER GY GEVI EQ JGYX GYRS#XMR' IVE HMZM^ME H'%WTVI, GEVI
HMWTYRIE HI GMRGM QMM HI SEQIRM.
%GIPE#M KIRIVEP H'%WTVI E JSWX GIP GEVI E WZV#MX QEM ETSM QEWEGVIPI HI
PE 0MZSVRS.
(RH EWGYPXEVI SVHMRYPYM TVMQMX, Q-EQ TVIKXMX HI PYTX #M, WTVI E S HE
R GIPI QEM FYRI GSRHM'MM GY TYXMR', EQ TYW WXTRMVI TI XVIM WXYPI'I GI
JSVQEY YR XVMYRKLM: 'EP^SRI, 0MKYVRS #M 6SHIVS.
%GIWXI XVIM WEXI T^IEY XSEXI HVYQYVMPI GI ZIRIEY HMRWTVI 'SQS.
RHVXYP EGIWXSV WEXI WI E4E S TS^M'MI TYXIVRMG, 7ER-1E2IS, S WXRG
HI RIGYGIVMX, HI TI GEVI R-EZIEQ, VIEPQIRXI, HIGX W Q VSWXSKSPIWG GE W
GSFSV R )PZI'ME, EHMG RXV-S 'EV RIYXV.
M QTV'MWIQ TI GIM S WYX HI SEQIRM EM QIM R XVIM HIXE#EQIRXI;
3IGEVI HIXE#EQIRX SGYTE YR WEX. )Y EQ SGYTEX 0MKYVRS. 7SWMWIQ EGSPS GY
TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM R XMQTYP RST'MM, #M Q JSVXM3GEWIQ R IP GX TYXYWIQ QEM
FMRI.
R ^SVM, EYWXVMIGMM Q EXEGEV.
1EM RXM, TYWIV QRE TI 6SHIVS, TI GEVI P KWMWIV TVWMX; R XMQTYP
RST'MM, KEVRM^SERE PYM WI VIXVWIWI R )PZI'ME. )Y EQ VQEW GY #EM^IGM #M STX HI
SEQIRM.
--EQ VIGLIQEX TI GIM XVIM^IGM HI SEQIRM TI GEVI M EZIEQ PE 'EX^SRI #M,
R TEW EPIVKXSV, EQ ENYRW ME 7ER-1E2IS; EMGM TYXIEQ VI^MWXE.
(IEFME Q MRWXEPEWIQ, G EQ #M JSWX EXEGEX; HI -E 6SHIVS, XYRYP EYWXVMEG
RI XVMQIXIE KLMYPIPI #M VEGLIXI XMT 'SRKVIZI.
QM EVYRGEM TVMZMVIE R NYVYP QIY: QYRXIPI IVE, PE TSEPI, QTVIWYVEX HI
GEZEPIVMI. 2I LSXVVQ XSXY#M W RI ETVQ GY HV^IRMI.
%YWXVMIGMM TSVRMV PE EWEPXYP QYRXIPYM; WGLMQFYP HI JSGYVM RGITY. (MR
RIJIVMGMVI, 3IGEVI HMRXVI RSM R-EZIEQ HIGX ZVIS HSY^IGM HI GEVXY#I, #M
TY#XMPI RSEWXVI IVEY QEM QYPX HIGX QIHMSGVI.
0E ^KSQSXYP WEPZIM RSEWXVI, QYR'MM )PZI'MIM, ZIGMRM GY 7ER-1E2IS WI
YQTPYV HI GYVMS#M. 'MRGM WEY #EWI XIWWMRI^M, REVQE'M GY GEVEFMRI, RY TYXYV
VI^MWXE MWTMXIM; IM RM WI EPXYVEV #M XVEWIV JSGYVM HI TY#G PESPEPX IY RSM, IE
EQEXSVM.
1M-EQ TWXVEX TS^M'ME #M EQ WYW'MRYX PYTXE TR GI SEQIRMM QIM EY XVEW
YPXMQIPI GEVXY#I.
2HNHYMEQ QIVIY G +EVMFEPHM ZE EY^M XYRYP EYWXVMIGMPSV #M RI ZE ZIRM
R ENYXSV; HEV +EVMFEPHM EZIE EPXGIZE HI JGYX HIGX W RI ENYXI; IP E4EWI G
EYWXVMIGMM REMRXEY WTVI 0YMRS #M TSVRMWI R RXQTMREVIE PSV.
(YT GI EQ XVEW XSEXI GEVXY#IPI, EQ WSGSXMX G IVE ZVIQIE W Q
KRHIWG PE VIXVEKIVI. 'SRHY#M HI XIWWMRI^MM RS#XVM, EQ TSVRMX-S HI-E
GYVQI^M#YP WXRGMPSV, TI YR HVYQ GYRSWGYX RYQEM HI SEQIRMM HI TVMR TEVXIE
PSGYPYM.
(YT S SV RI E4EQ R )PZI'ME.
1-EQ VIXVEW GY SEQIRMM QIM RXV-S THYVMGI; PSGYMXSVMM RI QTVYQYXEV
P^M R GEVI EQ EWGYRW TY#XMPI WTVI E PI WGSEXI PE MZIEP GY YR EPX TVMPIN. "EM^IGM
#M STX HI SEQIRM, 'MRYWIQ TMITX QTSXVMZE E GMRGM QMM, QEM FMRI HI TEXVY
GIEWYVM.
+IRIVEPYP H'%WWTVI GIVY W WI WGVMI R XSEXI ^MEVIPI G HXYWI S'PYTX.
RHVNMX QTSXVMZE EVQEXIM PYM +EVMFEPHM, TI GEVI S PWEWI RXV-S HIFERHEH
EFWSPYX.
2YQEM EYWXVMIGMM WYRX R WXEVI W JEG EWXJIP HI KPYQI.
<--- 9VQEVIE GEQTERMIM HMR 0SRMFEVHME 'YQ EQ WTYW, +EVMFEPHM TSVRMWI
WTVI 0YMRS; HEV QEM REMRXI HI E ENYRKI EGSPS, IP TVMQM ZIWXIE G 0YMRS #M
JYWIWI SGYTEX HI EYWXVMIGM, R EGIPE#M XMQT R GEVI GSPSERE PYM H'%WTVI, HYT
QEVIE PYM ZMGXSVMI EWYTVE RSEWXV, TYRIE WXTRMVI TI %VGMWEXI.
(MR GPMTE EGIIE, VIXVEKIVIE PYM +EVMFEPHM TVMR )PZI'ME HIZIRIE JSEVXI
HM3GMP. )P WI LSXV HIGM W TSVRIEWG HVITX WTVI 1SVE^^SRI, S TS^M'MI JSEVXI
FMRI RXVMX #M, TVMR YVQEVI, JSEVXI TVMIPRMG.
(I EPXJIP, ^KSQSXYP XYRYPYM TI GEVI P EY^MWI, P JGYWI W-M PEWI KYVE ET.
'YQ #M RXMRWI XEFVE EMGM, WI #M Z^Y RGSRNYVEX HI GMRGM QMM HI
EYWXVMIGM. )P R-EZIE HIGX GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM.
8MQT HI S ^M RXVIEK, GY GIM GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM, WYW'MRY EXEGYP GIPSV
GMRGM QMM HI EYWXVMIGM. 0E GHIVIE RST'MM, #M VRHYM SEQIRMM R #MVYVM WXVRWI, #M
WI RTYWXM EWYTVE HY#QERYPYM GY FEMSRIXE. *EZSVM^EX HI RXYRIVMG, IP JGY S
WTVXYV WRKIVSEW #M WI XVI^M R #IW. 0E S PIKLI HI 1SVE^^SRI, HHY HVYQYP
SEQIRMPSV, PI HIXI RXPRMVI PE 0YKERS #M, TI NSW, GY S GPY^ HIKLM^EX R
'VER, S TSVRM WTVI )PZI'ME.
RXV-S HMQMRIE', EQ E4EX, PE 0YKERS, G +EVMFEPHM, HIWTVI GEVI WI ^MGIE
G-M QSVX WEY TVMRW PE 1SVE^^SRI, WSWMWI RXV-YR WEX ZIGMR. %XYRGM QM-EQ
VIEQMRXMX ZSVFIPI TVSJIXMGI EPI PYM %R^ERM.
%Q EPIVKEX RXV-YR WY4IX PE +EVMFEPHM, P-EQ KWMX R TEX, ^HVSFMX, WPIMX, HI-
EFME ZSVFMRH. *GYWI YR QEV# HI #EMWTVI^IGI SVI #M RY WGTEWI HI EYWXVMIGM
HIGX TVMRXV-S QMRYRI. 4VMQE PYM RXVIFEVI, Z^RHY-Q, E JSWX:
%M KEXE GSQTERME#
(E, M-EQ VWTYRW.
)M FMRI, PEW-Q W HSVQ RSETXIE IWXE; QMRI RI ZSQ YVNM SEQIRMM #M
ZSQ PYE-S HI PE RGITYX.
2Y Q-EQ TYXYX EF'MRI W RY VH; IVE PMQTIHI G, E HSYE ^M ZE 3 EXX HI
MWXSZMX, MRGMX RY ZE TYXIE W-#M QM#XI RMGM QGEV YR TMGMSV. (EV E HSYE ^M, WTVI
QEVIE QIE WYVTVMRHIVI, +EVMFEPHM IVE R TMGMSEVI; WY4IXYP #M XVYTYP EGIWXYM SQ
IVEY PE JIP; EQRHSY IVEY HI FVSR^. 2Y QEM IVE RW RMQMG HI JGYX;
GEQTERME PYM +EVMFEPHM R 0SQFEVHME WI WJ\-#MWI. %XYRGM +EVMFEPHM WI RXSEVWI
R 4MIQSRX #M VIZIRM PE +IRSZE. %GSPS, IP TVMQM TVSTYRIVMPI TI GEVI M PI JGY S
HIPIKE'MI WMGMPMER. %GIWXI TVSTYRIVM IVEY W WI QFEVGI TIRXVY 7MGMPME #M W
WYW'MR GEY^E 6IZSPY'MIM. 0E RGITYX, IP TVMQM #M WI HYWI GY XVIM WYXI HI
SEQIRM PE 0MZSVRS; HEV, E4RH GI WI TIXVIGIE PE 6SQE, TVWM MHIIE I\TIHM'MIM
R 7MGMPME #M WI RHVITX WTVI GETMXEP YRHI P ZSQ #M VIKWM R GYVRH.
'X HIWTVI QMRI, VQEW PE 0YKERS GY GSQTERME QIE, GEVI, HYT GI
EHYREWI G-'MZE HI^IVXSVM, RYQVE STX^IGM HI SEQIRM, QM WI RKHYM W WXEY
GY IM, RXV-S QEKE^MI. %VQIPI RSEWXVI GSRXMRYEY W VQR EWGYRWI #M PE
RHIQR.
R WGYVX XMQT, EQ SVKERM^EX, TIRXVY E RY RI TMIVHI ZVIQIE, S MRWYVIG'MI
R 0SQFEVHME. +YZIVRYP IPZI'MER JY TVIZIRMX HIWTVI EWXE #M SGYT GERXSRYP
8IWWMR GY GSRXMRKIRXIPI JIHIVEPI. 7I LSXV EXYRGM W 3Y MRXIVREX. %Q JSWX RXV-
EHIZV MRXIVREX, QTVIYR GY HSY WYXI HI SEQIRM QENSVMXEXIE WIVZMWIV
WYF +EVMFEPHM, GIMPEP'M JYWIWIV GSRHY#M HI QMRI #M XVMQM#M PE &IPPMR^SRE, YRHI
RI 'MRYV RXV-S GE^EVQ, GE 3MRH TVMQINHMS#M #M R WXEVI W ZMSPQ JVSRXMIVE.
4VSMIGXYP GSRXMRYE XSXY#M W-#M JEG HVYQ. +IRIVEPMM %WGMSRM #M H'%TMGI XVIFYMEY
W TPIGI HMR 0YKERS #M W WI RHVITXI WTVI 'SQS TVMR ZEPIE -RXIPZM.
'X HIWTVI QMRI, YVQE W TPIG HI PE &IPPMR^SRE, W XVIG TVMR TEWYP .SVMS,
YRYP HMRXVI GIPI QEM REPXI #M QEM KVIPI, HI PE KVERM', W GSFSV TI PEGYP 'SQS
#M W-M GLIQ TI PSGYMXSVMM HI EGSPS PE EVQI. (YT EGIIE, GY XVYTE QIE, EZIEQ
W Q EPXYV GIPSV HSM KIRIVEPM.
(ISEVIGI IVEQ WYTVEZIKLIE'M, PYGVYP WI EVXE HIWXYP HI KVIY HI
RHITPMRMX.
4I S RP'MQI GI HSQMR &IPPMR^SRE WI E4 VYMRIPI YRYM ZIGLM GEWXIP GEVI
E ETEV'MRYX SHMRMSEV JEQMPMIM :MWGSRXM. %GSPS RI HITS^MXEWIQ EVQIPI #M
QYRM'MMPI TI GEVI M^FYXMWIQ W PI QEM TVSGYV.
%ZIEQ R XSXEP HSY WYXI GMRGM^IGM HI SEQIRM. --EQ QTV'MX R STX WEY
^IGI KVYTI GI XVIFYMEY, TI QEM QYPXI HVYQYVM #M IZMXRH WYTVEZIKLIVIE
XVYTIPSV IPZI'MIRI, W WI EHYRI PE GEWXIP. 'SRXVEV SVMGVIM E#XITXVM, TPERYP
M^FYXM TI HITPMR.
*MIGEVI KVYT WSWM PE RXPRMVI JV W WI 3 PSZMX HI ZVIS TMIHMG; EQ
REVQEX XSEX PYQIE #M XSGQEM IVEQ KEXE W-S TSVRIWG WTVI QYR'M, EHMG W
XVIG KVERM'E. (ISHEX, EQ EY^MX WYRRH EHYREVIE KIRIVEP; XVYTIPI PSGEPI WI
TVIKXIEY W TPIGI R YVQVMVIE QIE. %XYRGM RW PSGEPRMGMM, GEVI RGITYWIV
W QERMJIWXI S QEVI TVMIXIRMI JE' HI QMRI, WI VMHMGEV RXVY ETVEVIE QIE #M
EQIRMR'EV G, HEG XSFS#EVYP RY XEGI, ZSV WYRE GPSTSXYP HI EPEVQ #M ZSV
RP'E FEVMGEHI. )PMFIVEX HI EGIEWX KVMN, EQ SVHSREX SEQIRMPSV QIM W
TSVRIEWG R QEV#; RI E4EQ PE WJV#MXYP PYM SGXSQFVMI, FXIE YR ZMRX VIGI
HMRWTVI RSVH, JKHYMRHY-RI S RSETXI JYVXYRSEW. %Q QIVW XSEX RSETXIE
QTSXVMZE ZRXYPYM, GY JE'E FMGMYMX HI ^TEH. 7-E PYQMREX #M EQ QIVW, R
EGIPIE#M GSRHM'MM, RXVIEKE ^M; XVIFYME W XVIGIQ GY SVMGI TVI' ZVJYP .SVMS,
EGSTIVMX HI ^TEH; MEVRE, RW, JGYWI TWYVMPI HI RIWXVFXYX; RSM PI-EQ
XVIGYX XSXY#M, HEV ^TEHE IVE ETVSETI XSX XMQTYP TR HIEWYTVE KIRYRGLMPSV,
FE HIWISVM GLMEV TR PE-WYF'MSVM. (YT RIRYQVEXI WYJIVMR'I, EQ ENYRW R
WJV#MX TI GYPQI, HEV EGSPS RI E#XITXE YR HY#QER #M QEM GYQTPMX HIGX XS'M GIM
TI GEVI M FMVYMWIQ TR EXYRGM: ZMJSVYP. RXV-S GPMT EQ JSWX SVFM'M GY XSXYP #M
R-EQ QEM Z^YX RMGM PE ^IGI TE#M R NYVYP RSWXVY. 0I-EQ WTYW SEQIRMPSV QIM W
WI WXVRK YRMM PRK EP'MM, W QIEVK TI YR WMRKYV VRH #M W Q YVQI^I,
REMRXRH GX QEM VITIHI GY TYXMR'. 8VIM VQEWIV XSXY#M R YVQ, G^YV
WTVI E RY WI QEM VMHMGE, EY JSWX RKVSTE'M WYF SQX #M HSVQ WEY ZIKLIE^
TSEXI #M EGYQ TI GVI#XIXYP .SVMS.
1IVKIEQ R JVYRXI JV W YVQI^ RMGM YR HVYQ WXEFMPMX, JV W #XMY
RGSXVS Q RHVITX, PWRHY-Q R ZSME RSVSGYPYM; HISHEX Q-EQ STVMX; RY QEM
WMQ'IEQ WYF TMGMSEVI WXRGE; RG YR TEW, #M E# 3 G^YX R TVTEWXMI! %Q GIVYX
SEQIRMPSV W WI STVIEWG, SVHSRRH GE 3IGEVI W. 6QR PSGYPYM TR PE
^MY. -EV IY, HI YRYP WMRKYV, RWS'MX HI S GPY^, EQ GYXEX XSEX RSETXIE YR
HVYQ; HI RIRYQVEXI SVM R-EQ QEM WMQ'MX TQRXYP WYF XPTM WEY QEM
HIKVEF ^TEHE; GGM TMGMSVYP RI EPYRIGE RXV-YRE #M RYQEM TVMRXV-S QMRYRI
RMGMYRYP HMR RSM HSM R-E JSWX RKVSTEX WEY YGMW R GHIVI. R WJV#MX, R ^SVM EQ
ENYRW R ETVSTMIVIE YRSV GEFERI TVWMXI. 8SXY#M, 3MRHG IPI RI SJIVIEY YR
EHTSWX, EQ ZVYX W Q RXSVG PE SEQIRMM QIM. (EV R GPMTE EGIIE JSV'IPI Q-EY
TVWMX #M EQ G^YX ^HVSFMX HI SFSWIEP #M RKLI'EX HI JVMK. 'PY^E QIE Q-E
XVERWTSVXEX RXV-YRE HMR GEFERI, E M^FYXMX W ETVMRH JSGYP #M Q-E EHYW R
WMQ'MVM.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, RSVSGYP E ZVYX GE SEQIRMM QIM W YVQI^I EGIIE#M GEPI
TI GEVI S YVQEWIQ #M IY, EWXJIP RGX, HYT HSY GIEWYVM, Q-EY ENYRW. %Q
TSVRMX-S MEV PE HVYQ #M-EQ GSFSVX PE +VEZIHSRE, TI PEGYP 'SQS. 7SWMX EGSPS,
HYT YR TSTEW HI S NYQXEXI HI ^M, EQ TPIGEX MEV R QEV# WTVI E-M RXPRM TI
GIM HSM KIRIVEPM GY GEVI EZIEQ RXPRMVI #M GEVI, R XMQTYP XVEZIVWVMM QIPI,
XVIFYMEY W ERKENI^I S FXPMI. (EV R PSG W-M FEX TI EYWXVMIGM, GIM HSM
KIRIVEPM JYWIWIV IM FXY'M, #M IY YVQEQ W PYTX QTSXVMZE HMZM^MIM
;SLMKIQYXL, GEVI #M SGYTEWI ZEPIE -RXIPZM, TVIGYQ #M QTSXVMZE ZEWIPSV GY
EFYVM XMGWMXI HI EYWXVMIGM. %XYRGM EQ PYEX-S TI S WGYVXXYV, EQ TXVYRW R
ZEPIE 1IREKKMS #M EQ SGYTEX, PE QEVKMRIE IM, 4SVXI^^S, TI PEGYP 0YKERS,
TWXVRHY-QM, TIRXVY VIXVEKIVI, ZEPIE 'EZEVRME, GI HYGIE PE KVERM'E
IPZI'MER. 4S^M'ME IVE WXVPYGMX; GSQYRMGEQ GY 0YKERS, HI YRHI TYXIEQ W
TVMQIWG SEQIRM #M QYRM'MM; HEV RMQIRM RY ZIRM W QM WI EPXYVI #M EQ WXEX
EGSPS HIKIEFE STX ^MPI. 0E WJV#MXYP EGIWXYM MRXIVZEP, EYWXVMIGMM #M GSRGIRXVEV
JSV'IPI #M TSVRMV WTVI 4SVXI^^S. )Y Q-EQ VIXVEW R ZEPIE 'EZEVRME #M EQ JGYX
RR TSTEW TI QYRXIPI 7ER-0YGMS, GEVI HIW* TEVXI 0SQFEVHME HI )PZI'ME. QM
^MGIEQ G, HEG Q-EV EXEGE, W TVSGIHI^ PE JIP GE PE 7ER-1E2IS.
(EV R-E EZYX PSG HIGX YR WGLMQF HI GXIZE JSGYVM HI EVQ. (SM HMR
SEQIRMM QIM QYVMV HI TI YVQE VRMPSV PSV. 2Y IVE RMQMG HI JGYX; XSEXI
XVIGXSVMPI ^GIEY EGSTIVMXI WYF ^TEH; MEVRE HIZIRIE XSX QEM EWTV; Q-EQ
RXSVW R )PZI'ME; EQ EWGYRW TY#XMPI, MEV TI YVQ Q-EQ EWGYRW #M IY. (MR
RIJIVMGMVI, IY IVEQ QEM KVIY HI EWGYRW HIGX S TY#G #M, GYQ IVEQ JSEVXI
GSQTVSQMW, TIRXVY QMRI RY IVE ZSVFE RYQEM HI S WMQTP MRXIVREVI, GM HI
RGLMWSEVI; XVIFYME W 3Y JIVMGMX HEG, S HEX EVIWXEX, EYXSVMX'MPI IPZI'MIRI RY
Q-EV 3 TVIHEX EYWXVMIGMPSV. %Q LSXVX HIGM W JEG XSX GI ZSM TYXIE WTVI E Q
VIRXSEVGI R 4MIQSRX. %Q PYEX GY QTVYQYX S XVWYV GE W TSX TPIGE HMR
0YKERS. 3 HEX TPIGEX, E# 3 ENYRW PE 1EKEHMRS; HI PE 1EKEHMRS, YVQE W XVIG
TVMR +IRSZE #M, HI PE +IRSZE, (YQRI^IY #XMI RGSXVS YVQE W-S ETYG.
7XVFXIEQ, E#EHEV, 0YKERS R XVWYV, GRH YR GEV GY PIQRI, GEVI RGLMHIE
WXVEHE, Q STVM. 8VIFYME W E#XITX W 3I HIWGVGEX. %Q E#XITXEX, WXTRMRHY-
Q GY KVIY; HEV, R QSQIRXYP EGIPE, XVIGY TI EGSPS GSQERHERXYP FEXEPMSRYPYM
JIHIVEP. 1 VIGYRSWGY, GLIQ KEVHE #M SVHSR W 3Y EVIWXEX. 1-EY FKEX PE
RGLMWSEVI; RY Q TYXIEQ E#XITXE PE EPXGIZE QEM Y#SV.
8SXY#M QM W-E RXQTPEX #M GIZE FYR. (ISEVIGI PSGYMXSVMM HI ZE^ HMR
0YKERS QM IVEY XS'M TVMIXIRM, IM SF'MRYV GE R PSG W VQR PE RGLMWSEVI, W
3Y HYW PE KVERM'E WEVH. 2Y JGYM HIGX W XVEZIVWI^ 4MIQSRXYP. 8SWGERE IVE
VITYFPMG; Q QFEVGEM PE +IRSZE #M TPIGEM PE *PSVIR'E. 0E 0MZSQS, S
XIPIKVEQ RI ZIWXM G QEVIPI HYGI, R#IPRHY-P TI 1SRXERIPPM WYF TVIXI\XYP
YRIM FSPM, JYKMWI HI PE 7MIRE #M WI VIJYKMEWI PE 4SVXS-*IVVENS..
RHEX +YIVE^^M TSVYRGM KV^MM RE'MSREPI HI PE 0MZSVRS W WI QFEVGI, W-
P YVQVIEWG TI HYGI #M W-P EVIWXI^I. R ZVIQI GI WIQRE EGIWX SVHMR, M WI
WTYWI G WSWMWIQ PE 0MZSVRS.
3JIVM'M-M GSQERHE I\TIHM'MIM, ^MWI +YIVE^^M #M GSRZMRKI'M-P W
TVMQIEWG.
(YT GYQ I Y#SV HI R'IPIW, R-E XVIFYMX W 3Y VYKEX TVIE QYPX; Q-EQ
TYW HI RHEX PE SVHMRIPI KYZIVRYPYM TVSZM^SVMY. 2I-EQ QFEVGEX TI FSVHYP
ZEWYPYM +MKPMS #M-EQ REZMKEX WTVI MRWYPE )PFE. (I-EFME EQ TSVRMX-S TI QEVI,
G WI #M WIQREP S JVIKEX GY ZETSVM. )VE JVERGI^, IRKPI^, EYWXVMEG# ,EFEV
R-EZIEQ; HEV TVYHIR'E RI QTMIHMGE W RI ETVSTMIQ TVIE QYPX HI ZEW. %Q
SVHSREX, E#EHEV, GE +MKPMS W JEG YR SGSP #M, R PSG W EGSWXI^ HMVIGX PE
0MZSVRS, EQ EGSWXEX PE +SPJSHM-'EQTS; EQ XVEZIVWEX MRWYPE JV STVMVI #M EQ
WSWMX PE 4SVXS-*IVVENS. 1EVIPI HYGI RY JYWIWI ^VMX. )\TIHM'ME PYEWI WJV#MX.
%XYRGM Q-EQ VIRXSVW PE *PSVIR'E #M-EQ VISVKERM^EX EMGM, R ZSMI, VQ#M'IPI
GSPSERIM QIPI, TI GEVI EQ RXVMX-S GY RSM ZSPYRXEVM; GGM XS'M GIM GI WI
VIJYKMEWIV PE *PSVIR'E ZSMEY W ZMR GY QMRI. R XMQTYP #IHIVMM QIPI R EGIWX
SVE#, VIEG'MYRIE E JGYX HSY RGIVGVM, HEV IY PI-EQ RFY#MX. RXV-S
HMQMRIE', WI VWTRHM ^ZSRYP G EYWXVMIGMM MRXVEY TI PE KVERM'E GY 1SHIRE;
EQ EPIVKEX RXV-EGSPS GY SEQIRMM QIM. 2MGM YVQ HI EYWXVMIGM. 3 E XVIME
RGIVGEVI E VIEG'MYRMM E VIY#MX RW; KYZIVRQRXYP QEVIPYM HYGI JY VIWXEFMPMX
#M IY, GEVI JYWIWIQ RWVGMREX W-P EVIWXI^, 3VI#XI G EQ JSWX GSRWXVRW W
TPIG. R EJEV HI PIKMYRIE QIE, QEM I\MWXE PE *PSVIR'E S PIKMYRI TSPSRI^
TIVJIGX SVKERM^EX; EQ JGYX ETIP PE IE, #M IE Q YVQ. %Q XVIGYX %TIRMRMM #M
EQ GSFSVX PE &SPSKRE. %MGM EQ JSWX TVMQMX HIWXYP HI VY HI KYZIVRYP
VITYFPMGER, GEVI Q GSRWMHIV HI^IVXSV. +IRIVEPYP 1I^^EGSTS #M SVKERM^E, R
EGIWX SVE#, S HMZM^MI HIWXMREX W QIEVK R ENYXSVYP 6SQIM. )P RI XVIGY R
VIZMWX, VIGYRSWGY G RY WYRXIQ HI^IVXSVM #M JGY HMR RSM EZERKEVHE PYM.
4SVRMVQ, TI HVYQYP WTVI *SPMKRS, GXVI 2EVRM #M 'MZMXE-'EWXIPPERE. %NYR#M
EGSPS, S PYEVQ WTVI 7EFMRI GE W-M IZMXQ TI JVERGI^M. %Q MRXVEX PE 6SQE TVMR
TSEVXE 7ER-+MSZERRM.
7 WTYRIQ R GI WXEVI WI E4E 6SQE.
<-: 6SQE R HMQMRIE'E HI 24 ETVMPMI, EZERKEVHE HMZM^MIM JVERGI^I
ENYRWIWI R JE'E TSVXYPYM 'MZMXE-:IGGLME, #M YR EKLMSXERX EP KIRIVEPYPYM
3YHMRSX35 GSFSVWI TI YWGEX WTVI E TEVPEQIRXE GY 1ERYGGM, TVIJIGXYP
6ITYFPMGMM VSQERI. )P M WTYWI G WGSTYP MRXIVZIR'MIM JVERGI^I IVE HI E WEPZE
MRXIVIWIPI QEXIVMEPI #M QSVEPI EPI TSTYPE'MIM VSQERI; G *VER'E ZSME,
ZVNQE# GYQ IVE E HIWTSXMWQYPYM #M E EREVLMIM, W EWMKYVI -XEPMIM S PMFIVXEXI
R'IPIETX; G IE WTIVE W KWIEWG PE TSTSVYP VSQER ZIGLIE WMQTEXMI GI-P
YRMWI GY TSTSVYP JVERGI^, HEV G, R E#XITXEVI, HISEVIGI 4SXE RY TYXIE WXE TI
QEVI JV E 3 TVMQINHYMX, IVE RIGIWEV YR TIVQMW MQIHMEX HI HIFEVGEVI; R
GE^YP GRH EGIWX TIVQMW EV 3 VIJY^EX, KIRIVEPYP JVERGI^ EV 3 WMPMX, WTVI QEVIPI
WY VIKVIX, W JSPSWIEWG JSV'E. 4I PRK EWXE, IP XVIFYME W TVIZMR SVE#YP
'MZMXE-:IGGLME G, R GE^YP GRH W-EV 3 XVEW YR WMRKYV JSG HI TY#G, SVE#YP EV 3
JSWX SFPMKEX W TPXIEWG YR QMPMSR.
"M, ^MGRH EGIWXIE, JV E QEM E#XITXE VWTYRWYP KYZIVRYPYM HMR 6SQE,
GVYME 1ERYGGM ZSME W-M VIPEXI^I GIPI HI QEM WYW, KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX HI^EVQ
FEXEPMSRYP 1IXEVE, SGYT JSVXYP, RGLMWI XMTSKVE3E SVE#YPYM, TYWI S WIRXMRIP PE
TSEM'X #M WI QTSXVMZM PE HIFEVGEVIE YRYM GSVT HI GMRGM WYXI HI PSQFEV^M.
%GI#XM GMRGM WYXI HI PSQFEV^M JSVQEY FEXEPMSRYP HI FIVWEPMIVM
GSQERHEX HI 1EREVE, GEVI, M^KSRMX HMR TEXVME WE, VIWTMRW HI 4MIQSRX, ZIRIE
W GEYXI YR QSVQRX PE 6SQE. %GIWX FEXEPMSR WI GSQTYRIE HMR EVMWXSGVE'ME
PSQFEVH #M ZIRMWI W WI YRIEWG GY ETVXSVMM 6ITYFPMGMM.
(ERHSPS S QVXYVMWI#XI IP RWY#M R GEVXIE WE :SPYRXEVM #M FIVWEPMIVM: RY
HMR WMQTEXMI JE' HI GEY^E VSQERMPSV JGIE EWXE, GM TIRXVY G RY QEM #XME R GI
PSG HMR PYQI W GIEV YR E^MP.
&IVWEPMIVMM WSWMWIV PE HSY ^MPI HYT KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX; EGYQE
KIRIVEPYP IVE GIP GI HHIE TIVQMWIPI HI HIFEVGEVI, HI GEVI IP WI PMTWMWI.
)RVMGS (ERHSPS, HIWGIRHIRX EP HSKIPYM GY EGIPE#M RYQI, TYVXRH, GE #M
MWXSVMGYP, 3YP GIPIFVYPYM RZMRKXSV EP 'SRWXERXMRSTSPYPYM, TVIRYQIPI HI )RVMGS,
GSFSV HI HSY SVM TI YWGEX WTVI E-M GIVI KIRIVEPYPYM EGIEWX TIVQMWMYRI; RY
RYQEM G M JY VIJY^EX, HEV M WI HHY SVHMRYP TVIGMW W WI RXSEVG RHVX. )P
VETSVX EGIWX VWTYRW PYM 1EREVE, GEVI, PE VRHYP PYM, GSFSV WTVI E ZIHIE HEG
R-EZIE W 3I QEM RSVSGSW HIGX PSGSXIRIRXYP PYM. (EV 1EREVE RY JY QEM
RSVSGSW HIGX )RVMGS (ERHSPS.
)#XM PSQFEVH# P RXVIF KIRIVEPYP.
*V RHSMEP, VWTYRWI 1EREVE.
)M FMRI, VITPMG 3YHMRSX, GYQ WI JEGI G, 3MRH PSQFEVH, XI EQIWXIGM R
XVIFYVMPI 6SQIM#
(YQRIEXE, GEVI I#XM JVERGI^, XI-EQIWXIGM #M QEM QYPX, VWTYRWI
1EREVE.
%TSM, RXSVGRHY-M WTEXIPI KIRIVEPYPYM, WI RXSEVWI TI ZEW.
(EV GRH WI E4 TI FSVH G KIRIVEPYP JVERGI^ WI STYRIE GSFSVVMM,
I\EWTIVEVIE ENYRWI PE GYPQI. (I PE TPIGEVIE HMR +IRSZE, SEQIRMM WYJIVMWIV
QYPX HMR TVMGMRE QVMM EKMXEXI #M E RKLIWYMIPMM; FIVWEPMIVMM GE #M ZSPYRXEVMM ZSMEY
W WEV R ET #M W ENYRK GY SVMGI VMWG RSX PE 'VQ.
'RH 1EREVE Z^Y G SEQIRMM WM WYRX JSEVXI LSXV'M W VIGYVK PE
EGIWX QMNPSG I\XVIQ, WI HYWI TIRXVY E HSYE SEV PE KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX, #M,
HYT S PYRK MRWMWXIR', SF'MRY GE FEXEPMSRYP W HIFEVGI PE 4SVXS-H'%R^MS.
+IRIVEPYP JVERGI^ TVIXMRWI QEM RXM GE 1EREVE W VQR HITEVXI HI 6SQE
#M GY HIWZV#MVI RIYXVY TR PE 4 QEM, HEX PE GEVI, ^MGIE IP, XSXYP W-EV 3
WJV#MX. (EV 1EREVE VIJY^.
+IRIVEPI, VWTYRWI IP, IY RY WYRX HIGX YR QEMSV R WIVZMGMYP
6ITYFPMGMM VSQERI, WYFSVHSREX IY RWYQM QMRMWXVYPYM #M KIRIVEPYPYM QIY.
(ITMR^RH HI IM, IY RY TSX W-QM MEY YR EWXJIP HI ERKENEQIRX.
(SQRYP 1ERYGGM GVI^Y EXYRGM, EG'MSRRH R RYQIPI QMRMWXVYPYM HI
V^FSM, G XVIFYMI W WI WYTYR GSRHM'MMPSV TYWI HI KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX #M, R
WGLMQFYP EGIWXIM JKHYMIPM, ZSPYRXEVMM #M FIVWEPMIVMM PSQFEV^M TYXYV E HSYE ^M,
27 ETVMPMI, HI HMQMRIE', W HIFEVGI PE 4SVXS H'%R^MS; IM TPIGEV, PE 28, WTVI
%PFERS #M-#M MRWXEPEV FMZYEGYP R GQTME 6SQIM.
R XMQTYP RST'MM WSWM YR SVHMR EP KIRIVEPYPYM +MYWITTI %ZI^^ERE,
QMRMWXVYP HI V^FSM GEVI, 3I G MKRSVE ERKENEQIRXYP PYEX HI HSQRYP 1ERYGGM
R RYQIPI PYM 1EREVE, 3I G RY 'MRY WIEQE HI IP, SVHSR FIVWEPMIVMPSV W
TSVRIEWG RHEX, R QEV# WTVI 6SQE. R GYVWYP HMQMRI'MM HI 29, R QMNPSGYP
ETPEY^IPSV YRIM QYP'MQM MQIRWI, IM #M JGYV MRXVEVIE R 6SQE. 0E ZIWXIE
WSWMVMM JVERGI^MPSV PE ('MZMXE-:IGGLME, EHYREVIE VSQER WI HIGPEV TIVQERIRX.
%XYRGM W-E TYW EGIEWX KVEZ GLIWXMYRI: PM WI ZSV HIWGLMHI JVERGI^MPSV TSV'MPI,
WEY JSV'E WI ZE STYRI JSV'IM#
8VMYQZMVYP %VQIPPMRM #M QYP'M EP'MM JYV HI TVIVI GE JVERGI^MM W 3I TVMQM'M
GE TVMIXIRM.
1E^^MRM, 'IVRYWGLM, 7XIVFMRM #M QENSVMXEXIE ZSMEY W WI ETIVI GY RHVNMVI
#M TR PE GETXYP TYXIVMPSV.
1EM REMRXI HI SVMGI, XVIFYME W WI WEPZI^I SRSEVIE, ^MGIEY IM.
%HYREVIE RY #SZM: PE 26 ETVMPMI, PE SVIPI HSY HYT-EQME^, YVQXSVYP
HIGVIX JY ZSXEX R ETPEY^IPI RXVIKMM 6SQI: R RYQIPI PYM (YQRI^IY #M EP
TSTSVYPYM, (YT GSQYRMGEVIE TVMQMX HI XVMYQZMVEX, %HYREVIE M RGVIHMR'IE^
SRSEVIE 6ITYFPMGMM #M-P RWVGMRIE^ W VIWTMRK JSV'E TVMR JSV':1
(YT HIGVIXEVIE VI^MWXIR'IM, 'IVRYWGLM, GEVI RP'EWI FEVMGEHIPI HI PE
1MPERS, JY RYQMX MRWTIGXSV EP FEVMGEHIPSV HMR 6SQE; TYRGXIPI RXVMXI JYV
TVIZ^YXI GY XYRYVM, MEV TSTSVYP WI EKMX JVIQXRH, R E#XITXEVIE YRYM QEVI
IZIRMQIRX. %XYRGM WI MZM SQYP TVSZMHIR'MEP. 0JR WXVMKX TYXIVRMG VWYR TI
WXV^MPI 6SQIM: +EVMFEPHM! +EVMFEPHM! %TSM S QYP'MQI MQIRW, QIVKRH
REMRXIE PYM, RGITY W WXVMKI EVYRGRHY-#M TPVMMPI R EIV #M 4YXYVRHY-#M
FEXMWXIPI: -EX-P! -EX-P!
%V 3 GY RITYXMR' HI ^YKVZMX IRXY^MEWQYP GI GYTVMRWI QYP'MQIE PE
ZIHIVIE PYM; W-EV 3 ^MW G QRXYMXSVYP 6ITYFPMGMM ZIRIE RXVY ETVEVIE 6SQIM;
GYVENYP TSTSVYPYM WTSVM HEXSVMX RGVIHIVMM R IP, #M WI TVIE G %HYREVIE
HIGVIXEWI RY RYQEM ETVEVIE, HEV #M ZMGXSVME.
'XIZE VRHYVM HMR -WXSVME VIZSPY'MIM HMR 6SQE HI &MEKMS 1MVEKPME ZSV HE
S MHII HIWTVI EGIWX IRXY^MEWQ: %GIWX RZMRKXSV QMWXIVMSW, RGSRNYVEX HI S
EXX HI WXVPYGMXSEVI EYVISP HI KPSVMI, GEVI, WXVMR HI HMWGY'MMPI %HYRVMM #M
MKRSVRHY-PI, MRXVE R 6SQE GLMEV R ENYRYP ^MPIM R GEVI 6ITYFPMGE EZIE W 3I
EXEGEX, IVE, R QMRXIE TSTSVYPYM VSQER, WMRKYVYP SQ R WXEVI W WYW'MR
HIGVIXYP VI^MWXIR'IM. (I EGIIE, TI HEX, QYP'MQMPI WI WXVRWIV R NYVYP GIPYM
GEVI RXVYGLMTE RIGIWMXEXIE QSQIRXYPYM #M GEVI IVE RHINHIE XYXYVSV.
%WXJIP, RIGIWMXEXIE TYFPMG M HHIE PYM +EVMFEPHM XMXPYP HI KIRIVEP
GSRXIWXEX R YPXMQYP V^FSM GLMEV HI GIM TIRXVY GEVI IP WI FXYWI.
-EX EGYQ GXIZE EQRYRXI, GGM, R WMXYE'ME R GEVI WI E4E, 3MRH TI
TYRGXYP HI E TPIGE R 7MGMPME, R-EY TYXYX W RI 3I JYVRM^EXI GLMEV HI +EVMFEPHM;
HEV IPI RI-EY JSWX HEXI HI GXVI TVMIXIRYP WY, HSQRYP :IGGLM, MWXSVMG EP
V^FSMYPYM HI PE 1848, QIQFVY EP EHYRVMM GSRWXMXYERXI VSQERI, WSPHEXYP HI PE
30 ETVMPMI, HI PE 3 #M 30 MYRMI; GIP, R WJV#MX, PE GEVI +EVMFEPHM #M TIXVIGY YPXMQE
WE PYR HI #IHIVI PE +IRSZE #M HMR GEWE GVYME TPIG WTVI E WI QFEVGE.
7-P PWQ TI HSQRYP :IGGLM W ZSVFIEWG, WEY QEM HIKVEF W HQ
RSXIPI WEPI SVMKMREPI. (SQRYP :IGGLM ZSVFI#XI PE JIP HI FMRI JVERGI^E GE #M
MXEPMERE.
1SEVXIE PYM 6SWWM36 #M JYKE TETIM2 P E4EV TI +EVMFEPHM PE 6EZIRRE,
YRHI IP RVSPEWI S TYXIVRMG PIKMYRI HI ZSPYRXEVM.
7I LSXV W QIEVK WMRKYV PE 6SQE WTVI E WI R'IPIKI GY KYZIVRYP
TVSZM^SVMY, EP GVYM JEGXSXYQ IVE 7XIVFMRM; HEV M WI HHY W R'IPIEK G
TVI^IR'E WE PE 6SQE IVE PE JIP HI TVMQINHMSEW GE #M GERXSRVMPI WSPHE'MPSV WM
TI XIVMXSVMYP PIKEXIPSV; WI SVHSR W WI RGE^EVQI^I PE 1EGIVEXE, YR SVE# GEPQ
#M PMRM#XMX, YRHI VWTQHMWIV ^ZSRYP G IP EV 3 YR LS' HI HVYQYP QEVI.
%WXJIP, HI-EFME MRWXEPEX, TVMQM SVHMRYP W XVIEG GY PIKMYRIE WE PE 6MIXM.
7SPHE'MM S TSVRMV TVMR 8SPIRXMRS, *SPMKRS #M 7TSPIXS.
)P ZIRM PE %WGSPM, HISEVIGI E4EWI G TSPM'ME FYVFSRMG #M TETMWX,
JSPSWMRHY-WI HI FERM, MRXMQMHEVI #M EREXIQ, RGITIE W VMHMGI TSTYPE'MMPI
%TIRMRMPSV QTSXVMZE KYZIVRYPYM HI PE 6SQE.
4I EXYRGM, IVEQ GTMXER R VIKMQIRXYP 23 HI PMRMI R EVQEXE TMIQSRXI^
#M Q FYGYVEQ HI TIVQMWME QIE HI HSY PYRM PE %WGSPM, GRH GSRGIX'IRMM QIM
Q RYQMV HITYXEX R GSRWXMXYERXE VSQER.
0E 20 MERYEVMI, EQ TVMQMX ZM^MXE PYM +EVMFEPHM; E HSYE ^M IP ZVY W TPIGI PE
6MIXM XVIGLH QYRXIPI EGSTIVMX HI ^TEH #M QM#YRRH HI XPLEVM; WJEXYVMPI HI
TVYHIR', QTSXVMZMVIE TEXVMS'MPSV RY JGYV HIGX W-M WTSVIEWG PE GYPQI
HSVMR'E HI XYVMWX QMPMXEV; QEM FMRI HI S PIKLI, EQ JSWX RXSZV#M'M HI QYP'MQIE
GEVI TPRKIE #M WI NIPYME; QYP'M Q QFV'M#EV, GVI^RH G R-EZIEY W Q
QEM VIZEH.
+IRIVEPYP IVE RWS'MX HI 2MRS &M\MS37, EKLMSXERXYP PYM, HI GTMXERYP
7EGGLM, XSZEV#YP PYM HI EVQI HMR PYQIE RSY #M HI %KY]EV, RIKVYP WY.
6IWXYP WYMXIM WI GSQTYRIE HMR WYFWIQREXYP #M HMRXV-YR G'IPY# GEVI,
VRMX PE S PEF R ^MYE FXPMIM HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS, HI^IVX HI WYF HVETIPYP
EVQEXIM HMR &YIRSW %MVIW, WYF GEVI QIVWIWI TR EXYRGM, WTVI E WI RVSPE WYF
4EQYVE PYM +EVMFEPHM.
1MGYP ERMQEP MRXIPMKIRX QIVKIE RXSXHIEYRE #GLMSTXRH RXVI TMGMSEVIPI
GEPYPYM PYM +EVMFEPHM. 'MRIPI WI RYQIE +YIVMPPS.
R TVMQE RSETXI JYVQ K^HYM'M PE KYZIVREXSVYP HMR %VKYEXE, +EIXERS
6MREPHM, #IJYP VIEG'MYRMM GPIVMGEPI, GEVI ETVIE HYT RSM TI QWYV GI
REMRXEQ.
%Q VQEW RXV-S GEQIV HI PE TEVXIV, RIPYQMREX, TR PE SVE ^IGI
WIEVE, GY PYQI GEVI MRXVE, MI#IE, #Y#SXIE. 0-EQ JGYX EXIRX TI KIRIVEP, GEVI
QM VWTYRWI R JVERGI^, GY SFM#RYMXYP PYM GEPQ:
2Y XI EPEVQE, WI EPGXYMI#XI QIRMYP GMRIM.
2MGM RY #XME GI FMRI KLMGMWI; RI-EQ WGYPEX HI PE QEW PE QMI^YP RST'MM #M
EQ JSWX XVEXE'M GE RM#XI GEVHMREPM. 0E TPIGEVI, EQ TVMQMX HI PE KYZIVREXSV HSY
OMPSKVEQI HI XVYJI TIRXVY HVYQ. 0E SVE TEXVY HMQMRIE'E RGPIGEQ, #M 3YP
HSQRYPYM 6MREPHM RI RXSZV#M TR TI GVI#XIXYP QYRXIPYM, GY YR HVETIP
XVMGSPSV HI QXEWI. 0E EQME^ EQ RJYPIGEX YR QMIP.TI GEVI KIRIVEPYP TYWI W-
P JVMK R GMS^ZVXI PE 4EGVE YRSV QRYRGLMYVM HI ZVIEWGYVM; WIEVE, EQ MRXVEX
RXV-YR LER M^SPEX, TPMR HI 'VERM REVQE'M. 4SEXI G IM TVMQMWIV GYZRXYP HI
SVHMRI HI PE %VKYEXE; EZIEY RM#XI 3KYVM WMRMWXVI; XSEX PYQIE JY MRZMXEX HI RSM
W FIE, HEV XS'M VIJY^EV. 2I-EQ VIXVEW W RI GYPGQ #M EQ HSVQMX GY WEFME
EPXYVM, GY HIKIXYP TI XVKEGMYP TMWXSPYPYM.
+EVMFEPHM WI WGYP, GY KIRYRGLMYP HVITX YQ4EX #M ZMIXRHY-WI HI HYVIVM
R GSXYP WXRK HMR TVMGMRE VIYQEXMWQIPSV GTXEXI R %QIVMGE; RY-#M TYXY
RGP'E GM^QE HVIETX #M-#M ZV FVE'YP RXV-S I#EVJ.
(YT S NYQXEXI HI GIEW HI HVYQ, GEMM RS#XVM VIJY^EV W QIEVK QEM
HITEVXI. 7YMEQ, RXV-EHIZV, YR YVGY# EFVYTX, TI GEVI RKLI'YP HI TIWXI
RSETXI P JGYWI PYRIGSW GE SKPMRHE.
3 PIKLI, ERMQEPIPI QIVWIV TI QERXMPI RSEWXVI, TI GEVI PI RXMRHIEQ
HMREMRXIE PSV; WXVFXYVQ ETSM S GQTMI EGSTIVMX HI ^TEH, EZRH
RIGE^YVM TR TIWXI GET HMR TVMGMRE GEMPSV; WTVI E Q RGP^M, EQ GSFSVX HI
TI GEP #M Q-EQ HYW W Q MRJSVQI^ HIWTVI WRXEXIE KIRIVEPYPYM, GEVI
GPVIE REMRXIE QIE, RYQEM GY YR TMGMSV RGP'EX; GIPPEPX IVE EGSTIVMX HSEV
GY YR GMSVET HI FYQFEG.
)M FMRI, GYQ RI WMQ'MQ, KIRIVEPI# P-EQ RXVIFEX.
)P Q WEPYXE GY EGIP WYVW FPENMR, GI-M WXXIE R 3VIE-M TYXIVRMG #M
PMRM#XMX, #M-QM ^MWI:
1YP'YQIWG, Q WMQX QMRYREX.
'YQ QIVKIEQ EPXYVM HI IP, JV RHSMEP GE W WI WYWXVEK HYVIVMPSV
GVRGIRI GEVI-M QY#GEY GEVRIE JV E-M EJIGXE WIRWMFMPMXEXIE, QM EVX GY
QRE KVERHMSEWE TVMZIPM#XI E EGIWXIM REXYVM WPFEXMGI. RXV-EHIZV, RI E4EQ R
QMNPSGYP QYR'MPSV GMYHE'M EPI GVSV GVIWXI WXRGSEWI WIQREY GY RM#XI GIX'YM
HYVEXI HI YVME#M.
4IWXI XSX, KVQI^M HI WXRGM VSEWI HI ZIEGYVM #M HIWTVMRWI HI TI GYPQM,
GEVI WI TVZPMWIV R ZMPI WXVMQXI #M TSZVRMXI, TVIGYQ #M R EPFME YRYM #YZSM
GI WTYQIKE RWTMQRXXSV, ^KSQSXSW #M QMPSW; MGM #M GSPS, GXIZE GEWI
V^PI'I, EWGYRWI HI TMPGYVM HI WXINEVM, HI JEKM, HI GEWXERM, HI FVE^M,
HI^ZPYMRHY-WI HSEV TVMR JYQYP EPFYVMY GI MI#IE HMR LSVRYVMPI PSV.
%GIWX TIMWEN, TEVG HI 7EPZEHSV 6SWE *, RXYRIGEX HI VWGSEP #M HIZIRMX
#M QEM EQIRMR'XSV HMR TVMGMRE #YMIVEXYPYM GYQTPMX EP ZRXYPYM, I\EPX WY4IXYP
PYM +EVMFEPHM.
%MGM, ^MWI IP, E# ZVIE W RXPRIWG RXVIEKE EVQEX E PYM 6EHIX^O];
FVEZMM RS#XVM SWXE#M R-EV PWE W WI RXSEVG PE :MIRE RMGM QGEV YRYP HMR
WSPHE'MM PYM; EMGM M-EQ V^FYRE #M TI :EVYW #M TI JVE'MM RS#XVM QSV'M R THYVIE HI
PE 8IYXFIVK.
'EQ TI PE SVE GMRGM RI E4EQ ETVSETI HI 'EWGME, YR QMG TPG HI GEWI
WXVRWI GMSTSV TI GVI#XIXYP YRIM GSPMRI RZIV^MXI; ZRXYP KSRMWI RSVMM, WSEVIPI
WXVPYGIE TI GYPQMPI R^TI^MXI, JGRH HMR IPI QYR'M HI EVKMRX ^YKVZM'M TI YR
JYRHEP HI E^YV GI WI TVIWGLMQFE WTVI EW3R'MX, R XVERHE3VMY ETVMRW.
2I SHMLRIEQ R ETVSTMIVIE YRIM GSPMFI HI TEMI, GRH TEXVE XMRIVM ZIRMV
W RI RXVIFI GMRI IVEQ. 0E RYQIPI PYM +EVMFEPHM, S PYEV PE JYK #M, HYT YR
WJIVX HI GIEW, KSRJEPSRMIVYP, RSXEFMPMX'MPI, KEVHE RE'MSREP, QYP'MQIE GY
QY^MGE R JVYRXI, EPIVKEV R RXQTMREVIE RSEWXV WTVI E-P MRZMXE TI KIRIVEP
W TSJXIEWG R WEX.
'E PE WIQRYP YRIM FEKLIXI QEKMGI, WI RP' YR EVG HI XVMYQJ HMR
JVYR^M#; XIEXVEP JY MPYQMREX; EZY PSG YR HMRIY #M YR FEP R GEWE KYZIVREXSVYPYM,
GEVI XSXY#M IVE YR GPIVMGEP QRHVY. QM EQMRXIWG G EGSPS M JY TVI^IRXEX PYM
+EVMFEPHM YR 'VERTSIX GEVI VSWXMWI IP RY #XME RMGM W GMXIEWG #M RMGM W WGVMI
YR RXVIK TSIQ EWYTVE ZMI'MM TEWXSVEPI.
4I PE SVE RSY, YR ZIGMR QM #STXM RGIX, PE YVIGLI, G YR FMEX HI
GMRGMWTVI^IGI ERM ^GIE R RGLMWSEVIE GSQYREP, RHSFMXSGMX HI PSZMXYVMPI #M HI
QEPXVEXVMPI XEXPYM WY, GEVI, VIGWXSVMRHY-WI PE ZVWXE HI #EM^IGM HI ERM GY
S XRV 'VERG, E''EX HI EGIEWXE, #M RZMRYMWI 3YP G R-S VIWTIGXEWI.
+YZIVREXSVYP TVMQMWI ZVIS HSY^IGM HI WGY^M #M-P EVYRGEWI TI GSTMP R
RGLMWSEVI. --EQ ZSVFMX HIWTVI EWXE KIRIVEPYPYM.
*Y EHYW XEXP, ETSM RIJIVMGMXYP GSTMP. % JSWX S WGIR GSQMG #M LMHSEW
XSXHISHEX. 8EXP IVE HI EGSVH GE 3YP WY W MEW HMR RGLMWSEVI; HEV VIGPEQE,
GY REMZMXEXI, WYQE TI GEVI S HHYWI WTVI E 3 FKEX EGSPS. 'STMPYP TPRKIE GY
PEGVMQM 3IVFMR'M #M-P QFV'M#E TI +EVMFEPHM; GX HIWTVI KYZIVREXSV, IP RY #XME
GI EXMXYHMRI W ME. 4R PE WJV#MX, ZSVFM TSTSVYPYM, HI WYW, HMR FEPGSR #M GSTMPYP
JY TYVXEX R XVMYQJ HI XS'M #XVIRKEVMM HMR WEX.
% HSYE ^M, PE SVE GMRGM HI HMQMRIE', YR HIXE#EQIRX HMR KEVHE RE'MSREP
TPIG GY RSM, TI S TPSEMI QVYRX #M TXVYR^XSEVI.
(IXE#EQIRXYP RI RWS'M TR PE 6MIXM #M IWGSVX YR JYRG'MSREV 3RERGMEV,
RGLMW R PSGYP YRHI EQ TVR^MX, GEVI IVE YR WTMSR TPXMX HI KIRIVEPYP FYVFSRMG
0ERHM GI GSQERHE GSPSERE QSFMP HI PE KVERM'E 7XEXIPSV VSQERI.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER, RGE^EVQEX PE 6MIXM, WI GSQTYRIE HMR XVIM FEXEPMSERI
(R XSXEP S QMI GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM) GVSVE PM WI EHYKEWIV RSY^IGM HI
PRGMIVM QFVGE'M #M TVIZ^Y'M GY GEM TI GLIPXYMEPE GSQERHERXYPYM PSV, GSRXIPI
%RKIPS 1E#MRE, HMR &SPSKRE.
'Y IM E TSVRMX GSRXIPI R ENYXSVYP 6SQIM.
0E HIFEVGEVIE JVERGI^MPSV PE 'MZMXE-:IGGLME, PIKMYRIE WI E4E PE %REKRM,
PIEKRYP #M QSVQRXYP PYM &SRMJEGMY EP :-8--PIE.
%YK. :IGGLM (EV EGIWXYM KIRIVEP, GEVI EZIE XSX TSTSVYP R EPEMYP PYM, M
QEM XVIFYMEY WSPHE'M.
WI MQTVSZM^ S FVMKEH HMR IPIQIRXI WXVMRI YRIPI HI EPXIPI, HMR SEQIRM
GI RY WI GYRS#XIEY RXVI IM #M GEVI XVIFYMEY W WI YRIEWG, W WI
GSRXSTIEWG, W HIZMR YR EQEPKEQ, GE YVQEVI E IRXY^MEWQYPYM TI GEVI M
MRWTMVE KIRIVEPYP.
%GIEWX FVMKEH JY EPGXYMX: HMR HSY FEXEPMSERI EPI TVSTVMIM WEPI
PIKMYRM, TVMRXVI GEVI ZVIS TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM ZIRM'M GY IP HMR 1SRXIZMHIS,
TYVXRH FPY^E VS#MI GY TEWQERXIVMI ZIVHI; HMR XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM RXSV#M HI
PE :IRI'ME; HMR TEXVY WYXI HI XMRIVM HI PE 9RMZIVWMXEXI; HMR XVIM WYXI HI ZEQI#M
QSFMPM^E'M; R WJV#MX, HMR XVIM WYXI HI IQMKVER'M; R XSXEP, HSY QMM GMRGM WYXI HI
SEQIRM GEVI JYV RWVGMRE'M GY ETVEVIE ^MHYVMPSV HI PE TSEVXE 4SVXIWI TR PE
TSV'MPI 7ER-4ERGVE^MS #M 'EZEPPIKMIVM, #M SIYTRH XSEXI TYRGXIPI REPXI HMR
EJEVE ^MHYVMPSV ZMPIM 'SVWMRM, GYRSWGYXI WYF RYQIPI HI 5YEXVS-:IRXM, TR PE
ZMPE 4EQ3PM.
(YT XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, EWYTVE EGIWXYM TYRGX EZIEY W WI RHVITXI
XSEXI WJSV'VMPI JVERGI^MPSV, GEVI ZSMEY W TWXVI^I 'MZMXE-:IGGLME GE FE^ E
STIVE'MYRMPSV PSV.
0E 28 ETVMPMI, EZERKEVHE JVERGI^ WI E4E PE 4EPS, YRHI, HMR ENYR, WSWMWI,
HIWGLM^RH HVYQYP, YR FEXEPMSR HI ZRXSVM.
0E 29, IE WI E4E PE 'EWXIP-HM-+YMHS, EHMG PE GMRGM PIKLI HI 6SQE.
%XYRGM KIRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX MP XVMQMWI R VIGYRSE#XIVI TI JVEXIPI WY,
GTMXERYP 3YHMRSX, #M TI YR EKLMSXERX, QTVIYR GY GMRGMWTVI^IGI WSPHE'M HMR
GEZEPIVME Y#SEV.
%GIEWX VIGYRSE#XIVI REMRXE TR PE TYRGXYP YRHI WI HIWTEVX GIPI
HSY HVYQYVM EYVIPMIRI, GIP ZIGLM #M GIP RSY, #M PE S PIKLI HI 6SQE RXPRM
EZERTSWXYVMPI VSQERI.
33'IVYP GEVI GSQERHE EZERTSWXYVMPI REMRXE #M EHVIWRHY-WI
JVERGI^MPSV, M RXVIF:
'I ZVI'M#
7 QIVKIQ PE 6SQE, VWTYRWIV JVERGI^MM.
%WXE RY WI TSEXI, ^MWI S3'IVYP MXEPMER.
2SM ZSVFMQ R RYQIPI 6ITYFPMGMM JVERGI^I.
"M RSM, R RYQIPI 6ITYFPMGMM VSQERI; E#EHEV, RHVX, HSQRMPSV!
"M HEG RSM RY ZVIQ W RI RXSEVGIQ RHVX#
:SQ RGIVGE W Z JEGIQ W TPIGE'M JV ZSME HYQRIEZSEWXV.
4VMR GI QMNPSG#
'Y JSV'E.
%XYRGM, ^MWI S3'IVYP JVERGI^, RXSVGRHY-WI WTVI EM WM, HEG-M E#E,
HIWGLMHI'M JSGYP.
"M, R EGIPE#M XMQT, IP RWY#M HIWGVG YR TMWXSP TI GEVI-P WGSEWI HMR
GSFYVMM #IMM.
*SG! VWTYRWI S3'IVYP GEVI GSQERHE EZERTSWXYVMPI VSQERI.
'IM XVMQM#M R VIGYRSE#XIVI, TVIE WPEFM WTVI E VI^MWXE, WI VIXVEWIV R
KEPST, PWRH R QMRMPI RSEWXVI YR ZRXSV JVERGI^ TVMRW WYF GEPYP PYM QSVX.
*Y PYEX #M HYW PE 6SQE.
&YPIXMRYP JVERGI^ WTYRI G RSM EQ VYTX-S PE JYK #M G EQ JSWX YVQVM'M;
HEV, HEG PYGVYP EGIWXE IVE EHIZVEX, GYQ EV 3 JSWX GY TYXMR' W JEGIQ YR
TVM^SRMIV #M W-P EHYGIQ PE 6SQE, RSM GEVI IVEQ TI NSW, R ZVIQI GI JVERGI^MM
IVEY GPVM#
(I EPXJIP, ZSQ EVXE QEM QYPXI IVSVM HI EGIWX JIP.
'IM TPIGE'M R VIGYRSE#XIVI VETSVXEV KIRIVEPYPYM 3YHMRSX #XMVIE G
6SQE IVE KEXE W WI ETIVI #M G RY XVIFYME W WI FM^YMI G ZE MRXVE R SVE#,
E#E GYQ WI E#XITXE, JV E VIGYVKI PE ZMSPIR' #M R QMNPSGYP EGPEQE'MMPSV
TSTSVYPYM.
+IRIVEPYP GSQERHERX JVERGI^ RY-#M RXVIVYTWI RW QEV#YP.
R ^MYE YVQXSEVI, EHMG PE 30 ETVMPMI, PWRH PE 1EKPMERMPPE VERM'IPI
WSPHE'MPSV, REMRX R TEW EPIVKXSV.
7 VIPIZQ S RSY IVSEVI-TVMZMXSEVI PE 30 ETVMPMI, HYT GYQ EQ VIPIZEX-
S #M TI GIE VIJIVMXSEVI PE 29.
%RYQM'M WGVMMXSVM JVERGI^M EY WTYW G, ZMGXMQI EPI YRIM MRXVMKM NSWRMGI,
WSPHE'MM JYWIWIV EXVE#M R SVE# R YVQE YRIM WMQTPI VIGYRSE#XIVM #M G^YWIV
RXV-S GYVW.
%JEGIVIE HMR 30 ETVMPMI R-E JSWX S VIGYRSE#XIVI #M JVERGI^MM R-EY JSWX
EXVE#M RXV-S GYVW. %JEGIVIE HMR 30 ETVMPMI E JSWX S PYTX PE GEVI WI E#XITXE,
HIWMKYV, KIRIVEPYP JVERGI^, #M HSZEH IWXI TPERYP FXPMIM KWMX EWYTVE YRYM
S3'IV JVERGI^ QSVX #M XVERWQMW HI GSPSRIPYP 1E#M, KIRIVEPYPYM QMRMWXVY HI
V^FSM38: 9R RHSMX EXEG ZE XVIFYM HEX TVMR TSV'MPI %RKIPMGE #M 'EZEPPIKMIVM
WTVI E HMWXVEKI EXIR'ME HY#QERYPYM.
4VMR GIP HMRXM WI ZSV PYE GY JSV'E XVYTIPI HY#QERI GEVI WYRX TSWXEXI TI
1SRXI-1EVMS, #M ETSM WI ZE TYXIE SGYTE TSEVXE %RKIPMGE.
(YT GI XVYTIPI RSEWXVI ZSV 3 SGYTEX EGIWXI HSY TYRGXI, RSM ZSQ
VIWTMRKI MREQMGYP, GY XSEX JSV'E TSWMFMP, R XSEXI HMVIG'MMPI, #M TYRGXYP
EHYRVMM KIRIVEPI ZE 3 TME'E 7ER 4MIXVS.
7I VIGSQERH RHISWIFM W 3I GVY'EX WRKIPI JVERGI^
-HIIE KIRIVEPYPYM JVERGI^ RY RYQEM G IVE TVSEWX, HEV E JSWX #M VY
RHITPMRMX; ZSQ RGIVGE W-S HSZIHMQ.
(VYQYP GEVI HYGI HI PE 'MZMXE-:IGGLME PE 6SQE, WI HIWTEVXI, GEQ PE S
QMI GMRGM WYXI HI QIXVM HI ^MHYVM, R HSY: WTVI HVIETXE IP HYGI PE TSEVXE 7ER-
4ERGVE^MS; WTVI WXMRK, PE TSEVXE 'EZEPPIKMIVM, ZIGMR GY GSP'YP MI#MX R EJEV EP
:EXMGERYPYM.
:VRH W YVQI^I TPERYP WXEFMPMX #M W EXEGI TVMR WTEXI 1SRXI-1EVMS, ETSM
W EWIHMI^I TSEVXE %RKIPMGE, EVQEXE JVERGI^, ENYRW PE FMJYVGE'MI, XVIFYME W-
S GSXIEWG, GY S FVMKEH, WTVI WXRKE, R HMVIG'ME ETIHYGXYPYM 4ESPS, #M GY
GIEPEPX W-S ME PE HVIETXE, WTVI WXYPI'YP 7ER-4MS #M W RGIVGI E TYRI WXTRMVI
TI TSEVXE 'EZEPPIKMIVM.
%WXE E JSWX KVEZE IVSEVI TI GEVI S WZV#MV JVERGI^MM. )M EVYRGEV R
HVIETXE MRJERXIVME Y#SEV HMR VIKMQIRXYP 20 HI PMRMI, GEVI KWM YR XIVIR EWTVY,
FV^HEX HI THYVM #M KVIY EGGIWMFMP, MEV TI RP'MQMPI HMR WXRKE, M TPEW TI
ZRXSVMM HMR :MRGIRRIW; PE ZVIS WYX GMRGM^IGM HI QIXVM HI ^MHYVM, EGI#XM FVEZM
VXGM'M EM EVQEXIM HY#QERI JYV XVWRM'M HI KVMRHMRE HI QMXVEPMM TI GEVI S
WGYMTE FEXIVME FEWXMSRYPYM 7ER-1EVMS.
8SXY#M VYP E JSWX QEM QMG TIRXVY IM HIGX EV 3 TYXYX W 3I, HEXSVMX
RHIQRVMM HSFRHMXI R V^FSMYP QTSXVMZE EVEFMPSV, HI E-#M JEGI QIXIVI^I
HMR XSEXI EGGMHIRXIPI XIVIRYPYM.
0E VRHY-PI, XMVYP PSV, EHQMVEFMP GSRHYW, RI TVMGMRYM TMIVHIVM QEVM. %MGM EY
JSWX YGM#M: PSGSXIRIRXYP 1EVHYGSM, YR XRV HI QEVI RHINHI, E GVYM QEQ,
HYT VIRXSEVGIVIE TETIM 4MYW EP -<-PIE, E JSWX GSRHEQREX PE STX ^MPI
RGLMWSEVI TIRXVY G E HITYW 4SVM TI QSVQRXYP 3YPYM IM; EHNYXERXYP-QEMSV
)RVMGS 4EPPMRM, FVMKEHMIVYP HIPPE 6MHSZE, GTMXERYP 4M2IVM, PSGSXIRIRXYP &IPMM #M
EP'M G'MZE, RIGYRSWGY'M TIRXVY GIMPEP'M, HEV1 WGYQTM RSY, GE HI TMPH HI
7XITLERMW, 0YHSZMG #M GTMXERYP 0IHYG, YR FIPKMER GYVENSW GEVI E PYTXEX TIRXVY
RSM R V^FSMYP HI MRHITIRHIR'.
(EV GIM ZMM RY PMTWIEY GE W ME PSGYP GIPSV HMWTVY'M.
RG HI HMQMRIE', FYFYMXYP XSFIPSV M ZIWXM TI VSQERM HI ETVSTMIVIE
JVERGI^MPSV, #M, RXV-S GPMT, ^MHYVMPI #M FEWXMSERIPI WI YQTPYV HI SEQIRM.
R ZVIQI GI JSGYP MRJERXIVM#XMPSV HMR VIKMQIRXYP 20 HI PMRMI #M GIP EP
ZRXSVMPSV HMR :MRGIRRIW VWTYRHIEY JSGYPYM RSWXVY, KVSWYP GSPSERIM JVERGI^I
GSRXMRYE W REMRXI^I.
R QSQIRXYP R GEVI ETVY GSPSERE, S FEXIVMI EPGXYMX HMR TEXVY XYRYVM,
MRWXEPEX TI YR FEWXMSR, RGITY W S QMXVEPMI^I.
+IRIVEPYP JVERGI^ E#I^ RHEX TI ETIHYGXI S FEXIVMI GY QMWMYRIE HI E
VWTYRHI JSGYPYM RSWXVY #M SVHSR W 3I YVGEXI TI YR HIEP EPXI HSY XYRYVM
GEVI JYV E#I^EXI GY JE'E WTVI KVHMRMPI :EXMGERYPYM, YRHI WI E4EY TY'MRM
WSPHE'M, HEV S QYP'MQI MQIRW HI TSTSV REVQEX.
(ISEVIGI JSGYP RSWXVY WI HSQSPMWI S GPMT HMR TVMGMRE TVIGM^MIM XMVYPYM
ZRXSVMPSV HMR :MRGIRRIW, KIRIVEPYP JVERGI^ EVYRG R PYTX FVMKEHE
1SPMIVI, GEVI REMRX GYVENSW, TR WYF ^MHYVM; HEV, GYQ EQ WTYW-S QSV'MM
JYWIWIV VITIHI RPSGYM'M, #M JSGYP WI ETVMRWI MEV, #M QEM TYXIVRMG, ^HVSFMRH
GETYP GSPSERIPSV 1EVYPE^ #M &SYX, GEVI JYV WMPMXI E#EHEV W FEX R VIXVEKIVI #M
W-#M GEYXI YR EHTSWX TVMR WGSFMXYVMPI XIVIRYPYM.
+EVMFEPHM YVQVIE XSEXI EGIWXI QM#GVM HMR KVHMRMPI ZMPIM 4EQ3PM. )P
WSGSXM G WSWMWI QSQIRXYP W PSZIEWG PE VRHY-M #M #M WXVIGYV QEM QYPXI
HIXE#EQIRXI QMGM TVMRXVI FYXYGMM HI ZM'; HEV EGIEWX QERIZV JY HIWGSTIVMX
#M VIKMQIRXYP HI PMRMI XVMQMWI RXVMVM ZRXSVMPSV HMR :MRGIRRIW GE W QTMIHMGI
W 3I PYE'M TVMR WYVTVMRHIVI #M GE W-M SGVSXIEWG. +EVMFEPHM XVMQMWI EXYRGM
ZSVF G, HEG M W-EV HE, GE RXVMVM, S QMI HI SEQIRM, EV VWTYRHI HI WYGGIWYP
HMR EGIE ^M.
WI XVMQMWI RHEX FEXEPMSRYP GSPSRIPYPYM +EPPIXM #M TVMQYP FEXEPMSR HMR
PIKMYRIE VSQER, GSQERHEX HI GSPSIMIPYP 1SVIPPM. )P VRHYM QEM QYPXI
GSQTERMM WTVI E ETVE XVIGIVMPI EQIRMR'EXI; EPXIPI JYV RWVGMREXI W ETIVI
4ERGYVMPI #M WTEXIPI R EGIEWX STIVE'MI, MEV IP, QIVKRH R JVYRXIE SEQIRMPSV
GEVI M QEM VQWIWIV, WI EVYRG EWYTVE JVERGI^MPSV.
(MR RIRSVSGMVI, HI PE RP'MQIE QIXIVI^IPSV, EM RS#XVM M-EY PYEX TI
SEQIRMM PYM +EVMFEPHM HVITX WSPHE'MM KIRIVEPYPYM 3YHMRSX #M EY HIWGLMW JSGYP
EWYTVE PSV. +EVMFEPHM WI STVM TR GI KVI#IEPE E JSWX FKEX HI WIEQ #M
EXYRGM, EXEGRH PE FEMSRIX, WI RTYWXM HVITX R QMNPSGYP EVQEXIM JVERGI^I. 7I
RGMRWI S PYTX KVSE^RMG RXVI XMKVMM HI PE 1SRXIZMHIS11, GYQ IVEY RYQM'M
SEQIRMM PYM +EVMFEPHM #M PIMM HMR %JVMGE. *VERGI^M #M VSQERM WI PYTXEY GSVT PE
GSVT, WI RNYRKLMEY GY FEMSRIXIPI, WI RGPI#XEY, WI VWXYVREY, WI VMHMGEY.
+EVMFEPHM KWMWI, R WJV#MX, HY#QERM ZVIHRMGM HI IP.
%GSPS JYV YGM#M, HMRXVI EM RS#XVM, GTMXERYP 1SRXEPHM, PSGSXIRIR'MM 6MKPM #M
>EQFSRM; EGSPS EY JSWX VRM'M QEMSVYP 1EVSGLIXXM, GLMVYVKYP 7GLMIRHE, S3'IVYP
+LMKPMSRM, GETIPERYP 9KS &EWWM, GEVI, JV EVQI, R QMNPSGYP PYTXXSVMPSV,
RJVYRXE VRMPI #M QSEVXIE WTVI E-M ENYXE TI VRM'M #M E-M QRKME TI QYVMFYR^M;
MRMQ GYGIVRMG, WY4IX QMPSW, HMR GEVI TVIS'MM EY JGYX YR QEVXMV; R WJV#MX,
PSGSXIRIR'MM H'%MVSVS, 8VIWWSPHM, 6SPPE #M XRVYP 7XEHIPPE, 3YP KIRIVEPYPYM
RETSPMXER.
(YT S PYTX HI S SV, JVERGI^MM JYV WMPM'M W GIHI^I; S TEVXI WI
QTV#XMI R HI^SVHMRI TI GQTMI, MEV EPX TEVXI FXY R VIXVEKIVI WTVI GSVTYP
TVMRGMTEP.
(SY WYXI #EM^IGM VQEWIV TVM^SRMIVMM RS#XVM.
R EGIP QSQIRX GTMXERYP HI EVXMPIVMI *EF] EKLMSXERXYP KIRIVEPYPYM-
GSQERHERX Z^RH I#IGYP EXEGYPYM, TPRYMX EXX HI TVSWX HI KIRIVEP, #M
GVI^RH G QEM TSEXI RHVITXE PYGVYVMPI, M TVSTYWI #IJYPYM WY W TSVRIEWG
YR RSY EXEG, TI YR HVYQ TI GEVI-P GYRS#XIE, ^MGIE IP, #M GEVI P-EV 3 GSRHYW,
RISFWIVZEX, TR WYF ^MHYVMPI 6SQIM, R JE'E KVHMRMPSV :EXMGERYPYM.
(VYQYP IVE QVKMRMX HI TEXVY WEY GMRGM GEWI EWGYRWI R QMNPSGYP ZMMPSV,
YRHI TYXIEY 3 PWEXI HIXE#EQIRXIPI.
+IRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX JY HI EGSVH, M HHY S FVMKEH HMR GSVTYP
0IZEMPPERX, #M GTMXERYP *EF] TPIGM 0E RGITYX, STIVE'MYRIE E JSWX Y#SEV #M
QEV#YP GSPSERIM, GI-M HVITX, XVIGY RISFWIVZEX HI GXVI ETVXSVMM 6SQIM TR
PE HVYQYP GSRWYPEV EP TSV'MM %RKIPMGE; HEV, EGSPS, PE TVMQE JYPKIVEVI TI GEVI
WSEVIPI S WQYPWI EVQIPSV JVERGI^I, YR JSG RTVEWRMG, TSVRMX HI TI XSX
GYTVMRWYP KVHMRMPSV TSRXM3GEPI, RXQTMR GSPSERE, #M YRYP HMR TVMQIPI KPSER'I
P VRM TI GTMXERYP *EF], GEVI S GSRHYGIE.
(I#M PMTWMX HI GSRHYGXSVYP IM, GSPSERE WI ETV ZMXINI#XI #M, GXZE
ZVIQI, VWTYRWI JSGYPYM HI TI ^MHYVM; HEV, HIGMQE'M, WXVMZM'M, ^HVSFM'M, EZRH R
WTEXIPI PSV XVYTIPI RSEWXVI HI PE 1SRXI-1EVMS, MEV R JE' XMVYP GEWXIPYPYM 7ERX-
%RKIPS, GEVI PI RGLMHIE HVYQYP WTVI TSEVXE %RKIPMGE, I\TY#M JV ETVEVI
KVMRHMRIM HI KPSER'I #M HI QMXVEPMM GI TPSYE HMR KVHMRMPI :EXMGERYPYM #M GEVI RY
PI RKHYME W-#M VIME ZIGLMPI TS^M'MM, JVERGI^MM JYV WMPM'M W WI VIJYKMI^I R
GWY'IPI VWTRHMXI TVMR ZMM #M VMWMTMXI HI-E PYRKYP HVYQYPYM, YRHI EVXMPIVME
RSEWXV GSRXMRY W-M WIGIVI JYPKIVXSV.
%WXJIP, S FVMKEH RXVIEK GEVI IVE EVMTE WXMRK E GSVTYPYM HI EVQEX
JVERGI^, WI E4 HIWTV'MX HI GIRXVYP IM #M R TVMQINHMI HI E 3 JGYX
TVM^SRMIV.
(MR JIVMGMVI TIRXVY KIRIVEPYP 0IZEMPPERX, XVYTIPI RSEWXVI HI PE 1SRXI-
1EVMS R-EY GSFSVX, #M HSY QMM HI SEQIRM, QEWE'M RHVXYP TSV'MM %RKIPMGE,
RY W-EY GPMRXMX HMR PSG.
+IRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX RY JYWIWI QEM RSVSGSW RMGM R WIGXSVYP HMR
HVIETXE, EHMG R TYRGXYP YRHI PYTXEWI +EVMFEPHM; S GPMT, JSGYP #M PYTXE
RGIXEWIV TVMR VIXVEKIVIE JVERGI^MPSV; HEV, Z^RHY-#M SEQIRMM VIWTMR#M,
KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX, XIQRHY-WI W RY M WI XEMI GSQYRMGE'MMPI GY 'MZMXE-:IGGLME,
QTMRWI REMRXI VIWXYVMPI FVMK^MM 1SPMIVI #M PYTXE, TSXSPMX S GPMT,
VIRGITYWI GY YR RSY EZRX. (EV XSEX #XMMR'E V^FSMYPYM, HMWGMTPMRE, GYVENYP,
EXEGYP RZEPRMG, XSXYP HHY KVI# R JE'E WSPHE'MPSV RS#XVM, SVMGX HI XMRIVM, SVMGX
HI JV I\TIVMIR' IVEY IM.
'GM +EVMFEPHM WI E4E EGSPS, GPEVI, RP'EX R WGVM, GY TVYP R ZRX,
EWIQIRIE YRIM WXEXYM HI FVSR^ E ^IYPYM FXPMMPSV.
0E ZIHIVIE RIRZMRWYPYM, 3IGEVI #M EQMRXM HI ZMXINMMPI WXVQS#MPSV #M HI
EGIM GYGIVMXSVM EM PYQMM, EPI GVSV QSVQMRXI PI EZIEY WYF TMGMSEVI; W-EV 3 ^MW G
XS'M #XMEY G YQFVE 'EQMPPMPSV, 'MRGMREXMPSV #M 'I^EVMPSV P TVMZIEY HI TI
'ETMXSPMY. :MSPIR'IM, JYVMIM JVERGI^I, IM PI STYWIV GEPQYP VSQER, ZSMR'E
WYTVIQ E HI^RHINHIM.
(YT TEXVY SVI HI PYTX QHVNMX, #IJYP YRYM FEXEPMSR HMR VIKMQIRXYP 20
HI PMRMI, EWX^M KIRIVEPYP 4MIEVH, KVE'MI YRSV WJSV'VM RIQEMTSQIRMXI #M YRYM
EHQMVEFMP GYVEN, TYWI WXTRMVI, GY XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM, TI S TS^M'MI FYR,
WMPMRGY-M TI XMRIVMM HI PE 9RMZIVWMXEXI W S TVWIEWG; HEV MQIHMEX, +EVMFEPHM,
TVMQMRH YR FEXEPMSR HI I\MPE'M GSQERHEX HI %VGMSRM #M YR HIXE#EQIRX EP
PIKMYRMM VSQERI, GY HSY GSQTERMM HMR EGIIE#M PIKMYRI, WI EZRX JIVMRHY-#M
GETYP, GY FEMSRIXE PE TMITX, VIPYRH PE VRHYP WY SJIRWMZE; GY S R4GVEVI HI
RIFMVYMX, HSFSVRH SVMGI TMIHMG, IP RGIVGYM R GEWE HMR GE\-I #M JGYWI S
JSVXVIE', TI #IJYP HI FEXEPMSR 4MGEVH, GEVI EXEGEX HI TI PXYVM HI SEQIRMM
RS#XVM, MEV HMR JE' HI 2MRS &M\MS, GEVI PYTX GSVT PE GSVT GY IP, JY, R WJV#MX,
WMPMX W WI TVIHIE QTVIYR GY GIM XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM EM PYM. %GIEWX YVME#
PYTX E LSXVX WSEVXE EGIPIM ^MPI #M E WGLMQFEX GY HIWZV#MVI JE'E PYGVYVMPSV.
2Y WI QEM TYRIE GLIWXMYRIE HI E WI #XM HEG 3YHMRSX EZIE W MRXVI R 6SQE,
GM HEG EZIE W WI QEM TSEX RXSEVGI PE 'MZMXE-:IGGLME.
RXV-EHIZV, +EVMFEPHM, S HEX WXTR TI ZMPE 4EQ3PM #M TI TS^M'MMPI
ETIHYGXIPSV, HSQMRE GEPIE %YVIPMER #M TVMRXV-S QERIZV VETMH, TYXIE W PI-
S ME REMRXI JVERGI^MPSV PE 'EWXIP-HM-+YMHS #M W PI RGLMH HVYQYP.
6I^YPXEXYP EGIWXIM QERIZVI IVE WMKYV; EVMTE WXMRK E JVERGI^MPSV WXVMZMX
WYF KVHMRMPI :EXMGERYPYM #M VIJYKMEX, GYQ EQ WTYW, R GWY'IPI V^PI'I HI
EGSPS, RY TYXIE W WI VIXVEK JV W RY WI I\TYR XMVYPYM YGMKXSV EP EVXMPIVMIM
#M WEPZIM HI JSGYVM HI TI ^MHYVM.
%VMTE HVIETX, FXYX #M QTV#XMEX WYF GIVYP PMFIV HI +EVMFEPHM, WI E4E
RXV-YRYM HMR EGIPI QSQIRXI HI HIWGYVENEVI JEXEP GI YVQIE^ YRIM RJVRKIVM
RIE#XITXEXI #M RY TYXIE STYRI HIGX S WPEF VI^MWXIR'. 1EM QYPX RG,
JVERGI^MM IVEY MWXSZM'M HYT S PYTX HI ^IGI SVI #M PMTWM'M HI SVMGI HIXE#EQIRX*
HI GEZEPIVMI GEVI W PI EGSTIVI VIXVEKIVIE.
2SM EZIEQ HSY VIKMQIRXI HI PMRMI HI VI^IVZ, HSY VIKMQIRXI HI
HVEKSRM GPVM, HSY IWGEHVSERI HI GEVEFMRMIVM, FEXEPMSRYP HI PSQFEV^M
GSQERHEX HI 1EREVE, PIKEX, GI-M HVITX, HI GYZRXYP HEX HI 1ERYGGM #M, R
WTEXIPI PSV, YR RXVIK TSTSV.
+EVMFEPHM #M NYHIGEWI WMXYE'ME, GGM, HI TI GQTYP HI PYTX, IP M WGVME
QMRMWXVYPYM HI V^FSM %ZI^^ERE: 8VMQMXI'M-QM RSM XVYTI #M, E#E GYQ Z-EQ
JKHYMX W-M FEX TI JVENMGI^M, GYZRX TI GEVI QM P-EQ 'MRYX, Z JKHYMIWG W-M
QTMIHMG GE RMGM QGEV YRYP WMRKYV W RY WI YVGI TI ZEWIPI PSV
(EV WI ^MGI G EXYRGM XVMYQZMVYP 1E^^MRM #M VSWXM LSXVX GYZRXYP
QTSXVMZE EGIWXYM TVSMIGX.
7 RY RI JEGIQ, WTYWI IP, HMR *VER'E YR HY#QER HI QSEVXI TVMRXV-S
RJVRKIVI XSXEP, #M W RY-M I\TYRIQ TI XMRIVMM RS#XVM WSPHE'M HI VI^IVZ, R
GQT HIWGLMW, QTSXVMZE YRYM HY#QER RJVRX, HEV ZEPSVSW.
%GIEWX KVEZ IVSEVI E PYM 1E^^MRM M VTM PYM +EVMFEPHM KPSVME YRIM ^MPI
EWIQIRIE GIPIM E PYM 2ETSPISR, #M JGY HI TVMWSW ZMGXSVME HMR 30; S IVSEVI
JEXEP, #M XSXY#M WGY^EFMP PE YR SQ GI-#M TYWIWI XSEXI WTIVER'IPI R TEVXMHYP
HIQSGVEXMG JVERGI^ EP GVYM #IJ IVE 0IHVY-6SPPMR39, S IVSEVI GY YVQVM
MRGEPGYPEFMPI TIRXVY -XEPME.
4PERYP PYM +EVMFEPHM, HEG EV 3 JTWX EHSTXEX, TYXIE W WGLMQFI HIWXMRIPI
-XEPMIM.
RXV-EHIZV, TS^M'ME IVE HMRXVI GIPI QEM WMQTPI, #M ZSM JEGI ETIP, EWX^M
GRH YVMPI W-EY TSXSPMX #M GRH YR WSEVI RSY VWEVI TIRXVY -XEPME, GLMEV PE
PIEPMXEXIE EHZIVWEVMPSV RS#XVM.
3YHMRSX EXEGEWI 6SQE GY HSY FVMK^M, YRE WYF SVHMRIPI KIRIVEPYPYM
0IZEMPPERX, GIEPEPX WYF SVHMRIPI KIRIVEPYPYM 1SPMIVI; YR FEXEPMSR HI ZRXSVM
TIHI#XVM, HSYWTVI^IGI XYRYVM HI GQT #M GMRGM^IGM HI GEM, GSQTPIXEY HMZM^ME;
EQ Z^YX R GI WXEVI KVIE ENYRWIWI, R WIEVE HI 30 ETVMPMI, EGIWX GSVT HI
EVQEX, E GVYM EVMT WXMRK JYWIWI TVIPYRKMX R QSH RITSXVMZMX, MEV EVMTE
HVIETX ^ZVPMX WTVI GIRXVYP PYM HI GXVI +EVMFEPHM, WXTR EP ZMPIM 4EQ3PM, EP
ETIHYGXIPSV #M EP WXVZIGLMM GM %YVIPMIRI; XVIFYME JV E WI TMIVHI RMGM S GPMT
#M GY XSEXI XVYTIPI HMWTSRMFMPI, W WI REMRXI^I #M JVERGI^MM W 3I WMPM'M 3I W-S
VYT PE JYK, PYGVY RIGIWEV HEG ZSMEY W ENYRK PE 'MZMXE-:IGGLME, 3I PE S
RSY PYTX, GEVI W-EV 3 WJV#MX TVMR EFWSPYXE PSV HMWXVEKIVI R WMXYE'ME
RITVMIPRMG R GEVI WI E4EY.
%VQEXE JVERGI^ EV 3 JSWX ^HVSFMX WEY WMPMX W HITYR EVQIPI.
'IIE GI I GYVMSW, IWXI G, R XSX XMQTYP EGIWXIM ^MPI, QY^MGMPI QMPMXEVI
VSQERI EY GRXEX 1EVWMPMI^E, PYTXRH QTSXVMZE GIPSV GEVI, RWY4I'M'M HI EGIWX
GRXIG, FMVYMWIV )YVSTE.
)WXI EHIZVEX G JVERGI^MM R-S QEM GRXEY.
R EJEV HI QSV'MM #M HI VRM'MM TI GEVI M-EQ EZYX, KPSER'IPI #M KLMYPIPIPI
EY TVMGMRYMX, R EGIE ^M, QEVM TEKYFI QSRYQIRXIPSV RSEWXVI, #M RY RI-EQ
TYXYX STVM W RY WYVHIQ GY XVMWXI'I, GRH EQ GMXMX, R ^MEVIPI JVERGI^I, G
EWIHMYP EZIE W HYVI^I TVSFEFMP QYPX HMR GEY^E KVMNMM MRKMRIVMPSV HI E ETVE
QSRYQIRXIPI EVXMWXMGI.
+PSER'IPI #M KLMYPIPIPI PSZIEY, RXV-EHIZV, #M VWYREY GE KVMRHMRE TI
GYTSPE HI PE 7ER-4MIXVS #M TI :EXMGER.
R GETIPE 4EYPMRE, FSKEX R JVIWGIPI PYM 1MGLIPERKIPS, EPI PYM >YGIEVM #M
EPI PYM 0SVIR^S 7EFEXM, YRE HMRXVI TMGXYVM E JSWX EXMRW XVERWZIVWEP HI YR
TVSMIGXMP.
R 'ETIPE 7M\XMR, YR EPXYP E HIXIVMSVEX YR TERSY TMGXEX HI &YSREVSXXM.
R WJV#MX, JVERGI^MM EY TMIVHYX R EGIE ^M S QMI XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM, VRM'M
#M TVM^SRMIVM. 2SM EQ EZYX S WYX HI SEQIRM YGM#M WEY WGS#M HMR PYTX, #M YR
TVM^SRMIV.
%GIWX TVM^SRMIV IVE GETIPERYP RSWXVY 9KS &EWWM, GEVI, RXV-YRE HMR
QERIZVIPI RSEWXVI HI VIXVEKIVI, 'MRRH TI KIRYRGLM GETYP YRYM QYVMFYRH
EPXYVM HI GEVI WI E#I^EWI WTVI E-P QRKME, R-E ZVYX W TPIGI HI PRK VRMX
HIGX HYT GI EGIWXE #M-E HEX YPXMQE WY4EVI.
) Y#SV HI KLMGMX FYGYVME GEVI GYTVMRWI 6SQE R WIEVE #M R RSETXIE
YVQXSEVI EGIWXIM TVMQI PYTXI. 3VMGI RXSVWXYV EV 3 PYEX HI EGYQ RGSPS
PYGVYVMPI, MWXSVME, GIP TY'MR E#E WI GVIHIE, R-EV QEM TYXIE XKHYM G RSM, RY
RYQEM G-EQ 'MRYX TMITX S ^M RXVIEK TVMQMPSV WSPHE'M HMR PYQI, HEV GM-EQ #M
WMPMX W HIE RHVX.
RXVIKYP SVE# E JSWX MPYQMREX #M E PYEX RJ'M#EVIE YRIM ^MPI HI WVFXSEVI
RE'MSREP; HI TVIXYXMRHIRM WI EY^IEY GRXIGI #M SVGLIWXVI. 0E GEVXMIVYP
KIRIVEP VWYREY GRXIGI #M S QY^MG GI PI WXVRKIE MRMQE HI HYVIVI WSPHE'MPSV
#M S3'IVMPSV JVERGI^M.
'TMXERYP *EF]. 7I RXSEVWI GXVI YR S3'IV VSQER, GEVI IVE MWXSVMGYP
:IGGLM #M-P RXVIF:
&YGYVME #M GRXIGIPI EWXIE ZSV W RI MRWYPXI#
2Y, M VWTYRWI :IGGLM, W RY GVIHI'M EWXE; TSTSVYP RSWXVY IWXI
KIRIVSW #M RY MRWYPX R RIRSVSGMVI; HEV IP #M WVFXSVI#XI FSXI^YP HI WRKI #M
HI JSG.
2SM M-EQ RZMRW EWX^M TI TVMQMM WSPHE'M HMR PYQI; ZVI'M W-P QTMIHMGE'M
W ETPEYHI R QIQSVME QSV'MPSV #M TIRXVY VIRZMIVIE FXVRIM RSEWXVI 6SQI#
'TMXERYP *EF] JY EHRG QM#GEX HI EGIWX VWTYRW, GEVI JYWIWI VSWXMX RXV-
S JVERGI^ JV GYWYV, EXX HI QM#GEX RGX, GY PEGVMQM R SGLM, WXVMK:
)M FMRI, HEG-M E#E, XVMEWG 6SQE! 8VMEWG -XEPME!
2MGM YR WSPHEX TVM^SRMIV R-E JSWX XVMQMW R XEFVE GI-M JYWIWI HIWXMREX,
JV W RY TVMQIEWG LVER #M JV W RY M WI HIE XSX GIIE GI EZIE RIZSMI. 'X
HIWTVI S3'IVMM GEVI #M TMIVHYWIV WEFME, TI MSG, PM WI HHY S EPXE.
% HSYE ^M, 1 QEM, R ^SVM, RISFSWMXYP +EVMFEPHM, TVMQMRH HI PE QMRMWXIVYP
HI V^FSM EYXSVM^E'ME HI E-M EXEGE TI JVERGI^M, GY PIKMYRIE WE, EHMG GY S QMI
HSY WYXI HI SEQIRM, S QTV'M R HSY GSPSERI, HMRXVI GEVI S TEVXI MI#M GY
1E#MRE, TI TSEVXE 'EZEPPIKMIVM, MEV GIEPEPX, WYF SVHMRIPI WEPI, TI TSEVXE 7ER-
4ERGVE^MS. 4Y'MRE GEZEPIVMI TI GEVI S EZIE JY WTSVMX GY YR IWGEHVSR HI
HVEKSRM.
7GSTYP PYM +EVMFEPHM IVE HI E-M WYVTVMRHI TI JVERGI^M TI GQTYP PSV #M HI
E-M TVSZSGE PE PYTX, HI#M IVEY HI #EWI SVM QEM RYQIVS#M HIGX IP; WTIVE, HI
EPXJIP, GE PE ^KSQSXYP JSGYVMPSV HI EVQ #M EP XYRYPYM, RXVIK TSTSVYP W-M WEV R
ENYXSV.
(EV, S HEX ENYRW TI GQT, E4 G JVERGI^MM TPIGEWIV R XMQTYP RST'MM,
VIXVKRHYWI WTVI 'EWXIP-HM-+YMHS, #M G 1E#MRE, GEVI ETYGEWI TI HVYQYP GIP
QEM WGYVX, ENYRWIWI HMR YVQ EVMIVKEVHE PSV #M WI RGMIVEWI GY IE.
+EVMFEPHM #M KVFM EXYRGM QEV#YP #M-P ENYRWI TI 1E#MRE R ETVSTMIVI HI
LERYP 1EPEKVSXXE, YRHI JVERGI^MM, EHYRRHY-WI, TVIEY W WI TVIKXIEWG HI
PYTX. 3GYT RHEX, TI S RP'MQI, S TS^M'MI EZERXENSEW R 4ERGYP EVQEXIM
JVERGI^I; HEV, R QSQIRXYP R GEVI EM RS#XVM YVQEY W EXEGI, YR S3'IV WI
HIWTVMRWI HMR GSVTYP HI EVQEX, REMRX TI HVYQYP GIP QEVI #M GIVY W HMWGYXI
GY +EVMFEPHM.
+EVMFEPHM SVHSR W 3I EHYW R JE'E WE.
7SPYP ^MWI G JYWIWI XVMQMW HI KIRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX EP EVQEXIM JVERGI^I
WTVI E XVEXE RGLIMIVIE YRYM EVQMWXM'MY #M E WI RGVIHMR'E HEG, RXV-EHIZV,
TSTSVYP 6SQIM TVMQIE KYZIVREVIE VITYFPMGER #M ZSME W-M ETIVI HVITXYVMPI.
'E HSZEH E MRXIR'MMPSV PIEPI EPI KIRIVEPYPYM, EGIWXE RI TVSTYRIE W RM-P
RETSMI^I TI TVMRXIPI 9KS &EWWM, JGYX TVM^SRMIV, R ENYR, GYQ EQ QEM
TSZIWXMX.
R XMQTYP EGIWXIM HMWGY'MM, WSWM #M YR SVHMR EP QMRMWXVYPYM, MQTYRRHY-M PYM
+EVMFEPHM W VIMRXVI R 6SQE.
0IKMYRIE VIMRXV R SVE# GXVI SVE TEXVY HYTEQME^, EHYGRHY-P GY IE
TI TEVPEQIRXEV.
%VQMWXM'MYP GIVYX HI KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX M JY EGSVHEX.
<: )\TIHM'ME QTSXVMZE EVQEXIM RETSPMXERI R ZVIQI GI WI TIXVIGIEY
RXQTPVMPI TI GEVI PI-EQ TSZIWXMX EGYQ, EVQEXE RETSPMXER, HMWTYRRH HI
ETVSETI HSY^IGM HI QMM HI SEQIRM, EZRHY-P TI VIKI R JVYRXIE IM, XVKRH
HYT IE XVIM^IGM #M #EWI HI KYVM HI JSG, 4ERGEX HI S QMRYREX GEZEPIVMI,
QRHV HI VIGIRXIPI IM XVMYQJYVM HMR 'EPEFVME #M 7MGMPME, REMRXE TI QEPYP WXRK
EP 8MFVYPYM, GY WGSTYP HI E EWIHME SVE#YP. )E SGYTEWI QMPMXVI#XI :IPPIXVM, ETSM
%PFERS #M *VEWGEXM, ETVEX PE HVIETXE HI %TIRMRM, PE WXRKE HI QEVI, #M
QTMRKRHY-#M EZERTSWXYVMPI TR PE GXIZE PIKLI HI ^MHYVMPI RSEWXVI.
:^RH XSEXI EWXIE, +EVMFEPHM, TI GEVI EVQMWXM'MYP P PWE MREGXMZ, GIVY W
JSPSWIEWG VKE^YP TI GEVI P EZIE WTVI E TYVXE V^FSM QTSXVMZE VIKIPYM
2IETSPYPYM. - W-E EGSVHEX EGIEWX RKHYMR'.
R WIEVE HI 4 QEM, +EVMFEPHM MI#M GY PIKMYRIE WE, GEVI RYQVE HSY QMM
GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM.
4VMRXVI EGI#XM HSY QMM GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM WI E4EY FEXEPMSRYP HI
FIVWEPMIVM EP PYM 1EREVE, VITYW R HITPMRXEXIE HVITXYVMPSV WEPI (GEVI, HI EPXJIP,
RY-M JYWIWIV PYEXI GY TVMZMVI PE VIKIPI 2IETSPYPYM), ZEQI#MM, PIKMYRIE
YRMZIVWMXEV, HSY GSQTERMM HMR KEVHE RE'MSREP QSFMP #M EPXI GXIZE GSVTYVM
HI ZSPYRXEVM.
RXPRMVIE JYWIWI 3\EX R 4ME'E TSTSVYPYM. 0E SVE #EWI, +EVMFEPHM WSWMWI.
9R XRV IPZI'MER, HMR )PZI'ME KIVQER, GEVI E WGVMW S I\GIPIRX MWXSVMI
E EWIHMYPYM 6SQIM, +YWXEZ HI ,S2WXIXXIV, HIWGVMI EWXJIP MQTVIWME TVSHYW
EWYTVE PYM PE ZIHIVIE PYM +EVMFEPHM: R QSQIRXYP GRH FEXIE SVE #EWI,
KIRIVEPYP ETVY RWS'MX HI WXEXYP WY QENSV #M JY TVMQMX GY YR XYRIX HI ZMZEX;
IY P ZIHIEQ TIRXVY TVMQE SEV: YR SQ HI WXEXYV QMNPSGMI, GY SFVE^YP EVW HI
WSEVI, HEV GY PMRMM HI S TYVMXEXI ERXMG; WXXIE TI GEPYP PYM, E#E HI GEPQ #M HI
WMKYV, HI TEVG W-EV 3 RWGYX GPEVI; HI WYF TPVME GY FSVYVM QEVM, GY YR
KMXER RKYWX, QTSHSFMX GY S TER RIEKV HI WXVY', M WI VIZVWE S GPEMI HI
TV; S FEVF VS#MI M EGSTIVIE XSEX TEVXIE HI NSW E JI'IM; TIWXI GQE#E VS#MI
EZIE EVYRGEX YR TYRGLS EQIVMGER EPF, GTXY#MX GY VS#Y GE #M GQE#E. 7XEXYP
WY QE NSV TYVXE FPY^ VS#MI; QEM XV^MY, XSEX PIKMYRIE MXEPMER EHSTX
EGIEWX GYPSEVI.
R WTEXIPI WY, KEPSTE WSPHEXYP GEVI EZIE KVMN HI GEPYP PYM, YR RIKVY
ZRNSW GEVI-P YVQEWI HMR %QIVMGE; RIKVYP IVE QFVGEX GY S QERXE VS#MI #M IVE
REVQEX GY S PERGMI GY JERMSR VS#Y.
8S'M GIM GEVI ZIRMWIV GY IP HMR %QIVMGE TYVXEY PE GMRKXSEVI TMWXSEPI #M
TYQREPI JVYQSW PYGVEXI; 3IGEVI EZIE R QR YR FMGM HMR GYVIPI HI TMIPI HI
FMZSP.
7 GSRXMRYQ HIWGVMIVIE: HI HEXE EWXE, ZSVFI#XI )QMPMS (ERHSPS; #M IP
FMIX XRV, VRMX PE EWIHMYP 6SQIM, EWIHMY R GEVI JVEXIPI PYM JYWIWI YGMW QSVX
R YVQ HI S FSEP HI TMITX, PE 1MPERS, E PWEX S I\TYRIVI E IZIRMQIRXIPSV PE
GEVI E PYEX TEVXI.
9VQE'M HI SVHSRER'IPI PSV, XS'M EGI#XM S3'IVM ZIRM'M HMR %QIVMGE WI
QTV#XMI, WI EHYR, EPIEVK R HI^SVHMRI, QIVK HI GSPS-GSPS., EGXMZM, KVMNYPMM,
RISFSWM'M; GRH XVYTE WI STVI#XI R FMZYEG WTVI E WI SHMLRM GXZE ZVIQI,
TEVI YR WTIGXEGSP GMYHEX W-M ZI^M TI EGI#XM WSPHE'M WVMRH NSW HI TI GEM #M
HYT GI-#M E#E^ EVQIPI R KVQI^M, W WI RKVMNIEWG 3IGEVI TIVWSREP, GE #M
KIRIVEPYP, HI FMHMZMMM PSV.
8VIEFE S HEX WJV#MX, EFME EXYRGM GPVI'MM WI KRHIWG #M PE IM, #M HEG,
RY TSX SF'MRI QIVMRHI HMR PSGEPMX'MPI ZIGMRI, XVIM WEY TEXVY GSPSRIM WEY QEMSVM
WEV TI GEM #M, REVQE'M GY PEWWSYP, WI EZIRXYVIE^ R GQTMI TI YVQIPI SMPSV
WEY EPI FSMPSV. 'RH EY EHYREX EXXIE ERMQEPI GXI TSJXIWG, WI RXSVG,
QTMRKRH REMRXIE PSV GMVIEHE; HMWXVMFYMI YR ERYQMX RYQV HMR IPI 3IGVIM
GSQTERMM #M XS'M G'M WYRX, WSPHE'M #M S3'IVM, WI ETYG W YGMH ERMQEPIPI, W
XEMI GMS^ZVXI #M, PE RM#XI JSGYVM YVME#I W JVMK IRSVQI FYG'M HI FSY, HI TSVG
WEY HI QMIP, JV E QEM WSGSXM TWVMPI, TVIGYQ GYVGERM, TYM HI KMR, VE'I IXG.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, HEG TVMQINHME IWXI HITEVXI, +EVMFEPHM WX GYPGEX R
GSVXYP PYM; HEG, HMQTSXVMZ, HY#QERYP IWXI TI ETVSETI, IP RY GSFSEV HI TI
GEP, H SVHMRI #M ZM^MXIE^ EZERTSWXYVMPI; EHIWIE #M PIETH GMYHEXE YRMJSVQ,
WI QFVEG 'VRI#XI #M TSVRI#XI GLMEV IP R GIPI QEM TVMQINHMSEWI I\TPSVVM;
E#I^EX TI ZVIS GYPQI REPX GI HSQMR QTVINYVMQMPI, #M TIXVIGI QEM XSX
XMQTYP WGVYXRH EHRGMQMPI SVM^SRXYPYM GY PYRIXE; GRH. 8VSQTIXE KIRIVEPYPYM
H WIQREPYP HI TPIGEVI, EGIPIE#M PEWWSYVM WPYNIWG PE TVMRHIVIE #M WXVRKIVIE
GEMPSV GI TEWG VWTRHM'M TI TENM#XM; SVHMRYP HI QEV# IWXI WXEFMPMX GE #M R ENYR,
#M GSVTYP HI EVQEX TSVRI#XI PE HVYQ JV GE RMQIRM W #XMI WEY W-#M JEG KVMNM
RGSXVS QIVKI.
0IKMYRIE TIVWSREP E PYM +EVMFEPHM RYQV GEQ TIWXI S QMI HI WY4IXI;
IE IWXI EPGXYMX HMR GIM QEM TIWXVM'M SEQIRM GI W-EY Z^YX ZVISHEX; S PYQI
HI XSX WSMYP, HI XSEXI ZVWXIPI, GSTMM RXVI HSMWTVI^IGI #M TEMWTVI^IGI ERM,
EXVE#M WTVI EGIEWX ZXE' HI MRHITIRHIR' 3I HMRXV-YR WIRXMQIRX RSFMP, 3I
HMRXV-S RIPMRM#XI E ZVWXIM, WSPHE'M FXVRM EHY#M HI RYQIPI #M HI JEMQE
MPYWXVYPYM GSRHSXMIV EP PYQMM RSM, #M, R QMNPSGYP XYXYVSV EGIWXSVE, QYP'M GEVI RY
WI TSX PYHE HIGX GY NYQXEXI HMR HIZM^E PYM &E]EVH *V JVMG #M GEVI
GEYX, R RZPQ#IEPE V^FSMYPYM, HIWJVYP #M JYKE HI TIHIETW.
33'IVMM WYRX EPI#M HMRXVI GIM QEM GYVENS#M #M WYRX RP'E'M PE KVEHIPI
WYTIVMSEVI, JV E WI 'MRI WIEQ HI ZIGLMQI, RMGM HI VIKYPIPI SFM#RYMXI HI
EZERWEVI. %WX^M P ZI^M TI YRYP, GY WEFME PE #SPH, G I GTMXER; QMRI, HMR
HSVMR'E HI ZEVME'MI, ZE PYE QYWGLIXE, ZE MRXVE R VRHYVM #M MEX-P VIHIZIRMX
WSPHEX. 7SPHE RY PMTWI#XI: IE IWXI EHYW HI LVXME XVMYQZMVMPSV, GEVI RY GIVI
HIGX SFSWIEPE HI E S XMTVM; TVSTSV'MSREP, RYQVYP S3'IVMPSV IWXI QEM QEVI
HIGX GIP EP WSPHE'MPSV.
:EKQMWXVYP, EHMG SQYP RWVGMREX GY FEKENIPI, I GTMXER; FYGXEVYP
KIRIVEPYPYM I PSGSXIRIRX; SVHSRER'E EVI EGIPE#M KVEH; WXEXYP-QENSV I EPGXYMX
HMR QEMSVM #M HMR GSPSRIM.
(I S WMQTPMXEXI TEXVMEVLEP EXX HI QEVI, RGX EM ^MGI G-M TVIJGYX,
+EVMFEPHM WIEQR QEM HIKVEF GY #I3H YRYM XVMF MRHMER HIGX GY YR KIRIVEP;
HEV GRH WI ETVSTMI TVMQINHME WEY GRH WI #M HIGPEV, EXYRGM IP IWXI GY
EHIZVEX EHQMVEFMP R GI TVMZI#XI GYVENYP #M EKIVMQIE SGLMYPYM; GIIE GI EV
TYXIE W-M PMTWIEWG HSEV GE #XMMR' WXVEXIKMG, R GEPMXEXI HI KIRIVEP HYT
VIKYPMPI EVXIM QMPMXEVI, IWXI RPSGYMX PE IP TVMRXV-S EGXMZMXEXI YPYMXSEVI
(YT GYQ ZIHI'M, EGIWX SQ I\XVESVHMREV JEGI EGIIE#M MQTVIWMI EWYTVE
XYXYVSV XIQTIVEQIRXIPSV.
7 RI VIRXSEVGIQ, PE I\TIHM'ME QTSXVMZE RETSPMXERMPSV.
8VYTE WI TYWI R QEV# PE WJV#MXYP ^MPIM, WTVI SVE STX WIEVE. 9RHI
QIVKIEY# 2MQIRM RY #XME RMQMG. 3 ETYGEV PE HVIETXE YRHI HYT GI
HIWGVMWIWIV YR GIVG MQIRW, WI TSQIRMV TI HVYQYP 4EPIWXVMRE.
2SETXIE IVE PMQTIHI #M VGSVSEW; QIVKIEY R XGIVI #M GY TEW MY'MX.
7XEXYP-QENSV EWMKYVE IP RWY#M WIVZMGMYP HI WMKYVER'. 33'IVMM, RWS'M'M HI G'MZE
SEQIRM GPEVI, HHIEY VEMXI QEVM TI GQTMI; GRH XIVIRYP IVE TVIE
EGGMHIRXEX, GSPSERE WI STVIE #M EHNYXER'MM, GIVGIXRH TQRXYP GI WI RXMRHIE
HMREMRXIE PSV, WI RXSVGIEY W HIE ZI#XM, GEVI TYRIEY MEV#M I\TIHM'ME R
QM#GEVI.
%GIWXI TSTEWYVM EZIEY, TI PRK EZERXENYP WIGYVMX'MM, TI EGIPE HI E HE
VKE^ XYXYVSV W WI SHMLRIEWG, QEV#YP TVIPYRKMRHY-WI EWXJIP JV TVIE QEVI
SFSWIEP TR PE SVE STX HMQMRIE'. 0E HITVXEVI HI S PIKLI HI 8MZSPM, WI
STVMV; HYT GXZE ZVIQI TVWMV HVYQYP 4VIRIWXI GEVI HYGI WTVI HVYQYP
4EPIWXVMRE, #M WI RHVITXEV WTVI 8MZSPM YVQRH S GEPI ZIGLI VSQER.
(EXSVMX EGIWXYM QEV# RSGXYVR, I\IGYXEX PE VITI^IEP, KIRIVEPYP
G#XMKEWI YR RXVIMX EZERXEN: -RHYWIWI R IVSEVI TI WTMSRMM, GEVI, Z^RHY-P
MI#MRH TI TSEVXE 4STSVYPYM, ZSV 3 GVI^YX G I\TIHM'ME WI RHVITXE QTSXVMZE
JVERGI^MPSV; EGI#XME, STVMRHY-WI EXYRGM PE 4EPS, RGITYWIV YR JIP HI GSRKVIW GY
XVMYQZMVEXYP.
0E 8MZSPM, +EVMFEPHM WI E4E TI 4ERGYP HVITX EP PMRMIM HI STIVE'MM E
RETSPMXERMPSV, GEVI-#M EZIEY XEFVE PE :IPPIXVM #M GEVI #M XVMQMXIEY GIVGIXE#MM
WTVI 6SQE TR TI RP'MQMPI EGIWXIM PSGEPMX'M.
1EV#YP RSGXYVR TVMRXV-S PERH TYWXMI, PMTWMX HI YQFV #M HI ET, IVE,
HEXSVMX RST'MM VGSVSEWI, S EHIZVEX FMRIJEGIVI TIRXVY XVYTI.
0E SVE GMRGM WIEVE, SEQIRMM EY WXVRW VRHYVMPI #M EY QV#PYMX WTVI
VYMRIPI ZMPIM %HVMERE, PE HMWXER' HI ETVSETI S PIKLI HI PSGYP YRHI JGYWIV
TSTEW, PSG GI WI E4 PE TSEPIPI QYRXIPYM TI GEVI WI REP' 8MZSPM.
R TVMQYP QSQIRX KIRIVEPYP EZYWIWI MRXIR'ME W VQR GY XVYTE EGSPS;
HEV #M WGLMQF LSXVVIE #M GIVY QEM RXM W WI GIVGIXI^I PSGYVMPI R
EQRYR'MQI. )P RY HYWI XVYTI PE 8MZSPM, HISEVIGI RY ZSME W MRXVI R SVE#
HIGX R GE^YVM I\XVIQI.: V; R QMNPSGYP VYMRIPSV ZMPIM %HVMERE, GI EPGXYMIWG S
EHIZVEX JSVXVIE', RXVIEKE FVMKEH #M E#I^ XEFVE, SEQIRM #M GEM SHMPI
WYFXIVERI EPI EGIWXYM MQIRW IHM3GMY 3MRH HIWXYP HI FMRI TWXVEXI TIRXVY GE W
WI TSEX PSGYM R IPI. :MPE EGIEWXE E JSWX VMHMGEX GLMEV HI %HVMER; IE QWSEV
HSY QMPI R PYRKMQI #M S QMP R P'MQI. 3 THYVMGI HI TSVXSGEPM #M HI
WQSGLMRM E GVIWGYX TI PSGYP ZIGLMYPYM TEPEX.
0E 6 QEM, EQ TPIGEX PE SVE STX HMQMRIE'E, GY FIVWEPMIVMM R JVYRXI; TIRXVY
E ENYRKI TI QEVIE GEPI 4EPIWXVMRE, EQ JSWX WMPM'M W XVIGIQ TVMR WXVQXSEVIE
7ER-:IXSVMRS. 2I-E XVIFYMX YR GIEW GE W WXVFEXIQ EGIWX HI3PIY; PE EQME^
EQ TSTSWMX TI S EPX ZEPI, YRHI EQ KWMX ET VIGI #M YQFV. 2Y WI ^VIE RMGM
S GEW, HEV RSXEQ TVMR ZIVHIE'.
0E SVE GMRGM #M NYQXEXI, EQ VIPYEX QEV#YP #M EQ YVGEX QYRXIPI. 7SPHE'MM
EZIEY R JE'E PSV ERMQEPIPI HI TSZEV GEVI GVEY QYRM'MMPI HI V^FSM. 'X
HIWTVI WSPHE'M, 3IGEVI HMR IM #M HYGIE TMRIE; HI GEVRI RY WI RKVMNIEY, IE WI
KWIE PE XSEXI TSTEWYVMPI; RYQEM FIVWEPMIVMM EZIEY IVXM'M. %NYRW TI ZVJYP
QYRXIPYM, I\TIHM'ME HHY TIWXI S GEPI VSQER ZIGLI, EHQMVEFMP TWXVEX, GEVI
HYGIE PE 4EPIWXVMRE, YRHI #M WSWM PE SVE YRY HMQMRIE'E.
% JSWX S FMRIGYZRXEVI HIWGSTIVMVIE EGIWXIM GM VSQERI, EXX HI FMRI
TWXVEX, RGX RMGM YR ERMQEP HI TSZEV RY JGY ZVIYR TEW KVI#MX #M RMGM ZRXYP
RY WXVRM ZVIYR 3V HI TVEJ.
8SXY#M, W-EY JGYX HIWI TSTEWYVM WTVI E-M HE WSPHEXYPYM VITEYW. %ZIE, RXV-
EHIZV, RIZSMI, HEX 3MRH XVIEFE GI-P E#XITXE, W R-ENYRK TVIE SFSWMX.
+IRIVEPYP XVMQMWI TEXVYPI R XSEXI TV'MPI. 9RE HMR TEXVYPI, EPGXYMX HMR #EM^IGM
HI SEQIRM #M GSQERHEX HI PSGSXIRIRXYP &VSR^IPPM, EGIPE#M GEVI, ^IGI ERM QEM
XV^MY E JSWX PSZMX HI QSEVXI TI GQTYP HI PYTX HI PE 8VITSRXM, E SF'MRYX GIPI
QEM FYRI VI^YPXEXI; IE E EXEGEX YR WEX SGYTEX HI RETSPMXERM, M-E TYW TI JYK #M
E JGYX G'MZE TVM^SRMIVM.
(SM HMRXVI IM, GEVI RY ZSMEY W WI TVIHIE, EY JSWX SQSV'M #M WJVXIGE'M R
FYG'M.
0E RSY, W-E TVMQMX R#XMMR'EVIE G YR GSVT GSRWMHIVEFMP HI RETSPMXERM
REMRXE WTVI 4EPIWXVMRE; #M, RXV-EHIZV, TI PE SVE HSY HYT-EQME^, HMRWTVI
ZVJYP QYRXIPYM 7ER 4MIXVS, GEVI HSQMR SVE#YP #M GEVI IVE SGYTEX HI
GSQTERME E HSYE, E RSEWXV, W-E Z^YX REMRXRH R SVHMRI TIVJIGX, TI GIPI
HSY GM GI WI RXPRIWG PE TSEVXE HIP 7SPI, GSPSERE HY#QER. )VEY HSY
VIKMQIRXI HI MRJERXIVMI HMR KEVHE VIKEP #M S HMZM^MI HI GEZEPIVMI.
+EVMFEPHM XVMQMWI R RXQTMREVIE PSV, GE XMVEPMSVM, HSY GSQTERMM HMR
PIKMYRIE WE, YRE HMR KEVHE RE'MSREP QSFMP #M GSQTERME E TEXVE HI FIVWEPMIVM.
%GIEWXE HMR YVQ SGYTE TEVXIE WXRK E PYRKYPYM #MV HI QYR'M GI WI
TMIVHI R ZEPI.
(I TI TPEXJSVQE TSV'MM, 1EREVE HSQMRE HI TI GEP EGIEWX QVIE'
TVMZIPM#XI #M, GY ENYXSVYP YRIM XVSQTIXI, MRHMGE QM#GVMPI GI XVIFYMEY I\IGYXEXI.
8I-EM 3 TYXYX GVIHI PE S XVIGIVI R VIZMWX, RXV-EXX HI PMRM#XMX WI HIWJ#YVEY
PYGVYVMPI #M RXV-EXX HI FMRI VWTYRHIEY QERIZVIPI WIQREPIPSV XVSQTIXIM.
'RH RI-EQ E4EX ETVSETI HI RETSPMXERM, E RGITYX YR JSG JSEVXI ZMY, #M
GIPIPEPXI GSVTYVM EPI I\TIHM'MIM, WXVRWI R GSPSER, WI TVI^IRXEV HMRGSPS HI
TSEVX.
'TIXIRME HY#QER ZVY EXYRGM W-#M HIWJ#SEVI R XMVEPMSVM TVMQIPI
TPYXSERI; HEV WSPHE'MM, RWTMQRXE'M, VIJY^EV W WI RHITVXI^I YRMM HI EP'MM.
'X HIWTVI RSM, REMRXEQ RXV-YRE, GSRXMRYRHY-RI JSGYP. %XYRGM I\XVIQE
RSEWXV HVIETX, GSQERHEX HI GTMXERYP 6S^EX, SGSPM YR ^MH GI-P QTMIHMGE W
REMRXI^I #M EPIEVK VITIHI VWTRHMRHY-WI WTVI 4ERGYM'MPI HY#QERYPYM.
2ETSPMXERMM #SZMV S GPMT; ETSM, VYTRH HISHEX VRHYVMPI, S PYEV PE JYK
ETVSETI JV W-#M HIWGEVGI TY#XMPI. %XYRGM G'MZE SEQIRM HMR FEXEPMSRYP PYM
1EREVE TXVYRWIV TR R VRHYVMPI PSV #M MI#MV HI EGSPS EHYGRH GMRGM WEY
#EWI TVM^SRMIVM.
R 4ERGYP HVITX, HI#M QIVKRH QEM PIRX, PYGVYVMPI WI HIWJ#YVEV R
EGIPE#M JIP; TVMQE GSQTERMI HI FIVWEPMIVM M-E PWEX TI RETSPMXERM W WI ETVSTMI
TR PE HMWXER'E YRYM JSG HI TMWXSP, #M TVMRXV-S #EVN RZEPRMG #M RIE#XITXEX,
GY YR TYXIVRMG EXEG PE FEMSRIX, M-E TYW PIWRI TI JYK, M^KSRMRHY-M TI VRH HMR
GIPI XVIM GEWI TI GEVI PI SGYTEY #M WYW'MRRH, GY GIP QEM QEVI GEPQ, YR EXEG
HI GEZEPIVMI GI M-E GSWXEX ZME'E TI QYP'M GEZEPIVM#XM RETSPMXERM.
%GIWXE IVE QSQIRXYP E#XITXEX HI +EVMFEPHM; IP XVMQMWI YR FEXEPMSR HI
RXVMVI PYM 1EREVE, SVHSRRHY-M W EXEGI TI XSEX PMRME, PE FEMSRIX. 8VWRM'M,
TI 4ERGYP PSV, HI GXVI PSQFEV^M, VIWTMR#M HMR JE' HI PIKMYRM #M HI I\MPE'M,
WSPHE'MM VIKEPM S PYEV VITIHI #M TIWXI XSX PE JYK, PWRH XVIM XYRYVM TI GQTYP
HI FXEMI.
0YTXE HYV XVIM SVI #M JY HYW PE FYR WJV#MX JV QEVI KVIYXEXI.
(Y#QERMM STYWIV S EXX HI WPEF VI^MWXIR', RGX RI-E WYVTVMRW #M TI RSM.
(EG EQ 3 EZYX GEZEPIVMI GE W-S XVMQMXIQ R YVQVMVIE JYKEVMPSV,
TMIVHIVMPI PSV EV 3 JSWX GSRWMHIVEFMPI.
(EV, GRH +EVMFEPHM P Z^Y TI HY#QER VIXVKRHY-WI EXX HI KVFMX #M
TI EM RS#XVM YVQVMRHY-P R HI^SVHMRI, WI XIQY HI S EQFYWGEH #M SVHSR W
WI WYRI VIXVEKIVIE.
2SM EQ EZYX S HY^MR HI QSV'M #M HSY^IGM HI VRM'M, TVMRXVI GEVI TI
ZMXIE^YP GTMXER *IVVEVM, GEVI E TVMQMX S PSZMXYV HI FEMSRIX R TMGMSV.
4MIVHIVMPI RETSPMXERMPSV EY JSWX HI S WYX HI SEQIRM.
6I^YPXEXYP QEXIVMEP, HYT GYQ WI ZIHI, IVE RIRWIQREX, HEV IJIGXYP
QSVEP IVE QEVI.
(SY QMM GMRGM WYXI HI WSPHE'M EM PYM +EVMFEPHM TYWIWIV R XSXEP HIVYX
#EWI QMM HI RETSPMXERM.
'EQ ZVIS HSY^IGM HI FMI'M TVM^SRMIVM, ETVSETI XS'M HMR VI^IVZ #M, TVMR
YVQEVI, WQYP#M JEQMPMMPSV #M WMPM'M W PYTXI TIRXVY S GEY^ GI RY IVE E PSV, JYV
EHY#M R JE'E PYM +EVMFEPHM. 8VIQYVRH, GY QMRMMI QTVIYREXI, IM MQTPSVEV W
PM WI PEWI ZME'E. )VEY FVFE'M JVYQS#M, FMRI QFVGE'M, HEV REVQE'M KVSE^RMG HI
TVSWX, GY TY#XM KVIPI GY GVIQIRI, GY VERM'IPI TPMRI HI MGSRM'I GY W3R'M #M GY
QEHSRI, HI VIPMGZI #M HI EQYPIXI. 0I TYVXEY PE KX, R FY^YREVI, TIWXI XSX.
7TYWIV G VIKIPI WI E4E PE %PFERS GY HSY VIKMQIRXI IPZI'MIRI, GY XVIM HI
GEZEPIVMI #M GY TEXVY FEXIVMM; WI E#XITXEY EPXI RXVMVM HI PE 2IETSPI.
*YWIWIV XVMQM#M WYF SVHMRIPI KIRIVEPYPYM >YGILM W ME 4EPIWXVMRE #M W
TYR QRE TI +EVMFEPHM, GEVI PI MRWTMVE S KVSE^ HI RIRGLMTYMX.
2I-EQ MRWXEPEX XEFVE TIWXI RSETXI R EJEVE 4E0IWXVMRIM.
R ^MYE YVQXSEVI, EQ REMRXEX GY HSY QMPI QEM HITEVXI, WTVI E SGYTE
EZERTSWXYVMPI; TEXVYPIPI RSEWXVI W-EY EZIRXYVEX GLMEV TR R PMRMMPI HY#QERI,
GEVI-#M EZIEY TMGLIXIPI PE HMWXER' HI TEXVY QMPI.
7TVI E RY WXE HIKIEFE, M TYRIEQ TI WSPHE'MM RS#XVM W JEG QERIZVI,
GGM, HI PE 7SPEVS, RY QEM JGYWIV RMGM QGEV S WMRKYV HEX I\IVGM'MM. )VE YR
WTIGXEGSP JVYQSW #M RGYVENEXSV TIRXVY GEY^E RSEWXV VITYFPMGER W-M ZI^M TI
EGI#XM FVFE'M GEVI, PE YR WJIVX HI PIKLI HITVXEVI HI HY#QER, RZ'EY
QRYMVIE EVQIPSV HI GEVI EZIEY W WI WIVZIEWG QTSXVMZE PYM, #M GEVI, PE
WYRIXYP XVSQTIXIM #M EP XSFIM, WXYHMEY #GSEPE TPYXSRYPYM #M JSGYP XMVEPMSVMPSV.
%Q VIZIRMX WIEVE R SVE#; HEV EQ VIZIRMX TIRXVY YR RSY EWEPX.
%Q WSWMX PE 7 QEM, PE QMI^YP RST'MM, TI S TPSEMI XSVIR'MEP. &EXEPMSRYP
1EREVE TVMQMWI HVITX PSGYMR' S QRWXMVI HI EYKYWXMRM, HEV GPYKVMM RY
ZSMWIV W-M HIWGLMH; SFSWM'M #M Y^M PISEVG, VITYFPMGERMM EY FXYX ^EHEVRMG R
TSEVX, XMQT HI S SV #M TI YR ZRX VIGI GE KLIE'E. R WJV#MX, FIVWEPMIVMM #M-EY
TMIVHYX VFHEVIE, SVMGX HI QEVI PI-EV 3 JSWX; M-EY GLIQEX TI KIRM#XM #M TSEVXE
QRWXMVMM E JSWX WTEVX.
(I#M, R WIEVE EGIIE, WSPHE'MM, GYQTPMX HI SFSWM'M, IVEY JYVMS#M HI S EWXJIP
HI TVMQMVI, HI#M KIRIVEPYP PI-S WTYWIWI HIWPY#MX #M RY PI EWGYRWIWI SEQIRMPSV
WM G HYGIE V^FSMYP EXX QTSXVMZE GPYKVMPSV HY#QERM VITYFPMGMM GX #M
QTSXVMZE RETSPMXERMPSV, RHIQRYVMPI PYM 1EREVE #M EPI S3'IVMPSV PYM EY M^FYXMX
W-M TSXSPIEWG TI WSPHE'MM RS#XVM #M W QTMIHMGI VJYMEPE PE GEVI XI TYXIEM
E#XITXE RXV-YR EWXJIP HI TVMPIN. 7-EY GYPGEX R PMRM#XI TI TEVHSWIEPE
GSVMHSEVIPSV #M EY GYXEX, RXV-S WGYVX SHMLR, TYXIVIE HI E RHYVE RSM
SFSWIPM. (MR JIVMGMVI, SFSWIEPE TI GEVI RI-EY TVMGMRYMX-S RETSPMXERMM R-E JSWX
QEVI. RW, R WIEVE PYTXIM, FIVWEPMIVMM W-EY VIRXSVW PE QRWXMVIE PSV #M HMR
RSY EY KWMX-S RGLMW. (MR RSY E XVIFYMX W WI VIGYVK PE WIGYVIE KIRM#XMPSV.
(I HEXE EWXE RW, JVE'MM JYKMWIV. )M RY TYXYWIV W GVIEH G RM#XI
VITYFPMGERM EV 3 EXX HI TY'MR VERILMYRS#M #M WI XIQIEY GE RY GYQZE
FPRHI'IE HI GEVI HHYWIV HSZEH W RY 3I S GYVW #M W RY EWGYRH'X S
GYQTPMX WGLMQFEVI HI EXMXYHMRI.
*YKMRH, JVE'MM PYEWIV GY IM GLIMPI GLMPMMPSV. 4IRXVY E SF'MRI TXYVM #M
SFMIGXIPI RIGIWEVI YRIM MRWXEPVM, SVMGX HI QSHIWX EV 3 JSWX IE, E XVIFYMX W
3I WTEVXI GXIZE Y#M. (MR JIVMGMVI, KIRM#XMM RY IVEY HITEVXI. (YT GI EY JSWX
WTEVXI Y#MPI, I\IQTPYP E JSWX QSPMTWMXSV; R PSG W WI QEM QYP'YQIEWG, GE
TVMQE HEX, GY TEVHSWIEPE GSVMHSEVIPSV, WSPHE'MM EY ZVYX W EMF YRMM WEPXIPI,
EP'MM TEXYVM; #I3M, SFSWM'M W QEM JEG QSVEP, EY YVQEX TMPHE VIE #M EY PYEX GY
EWEPX GLMPMMPI. R QEM TY'MR HI S NYQXEXI HI SV, QRWXMVIE E JSWX HEX TIWXI
GET; HI-EFME E QEM JSWX XMQT W WI TYR WIRXMRIPI PE Y#E FMWIVMGMM, PE TMZRM' #M
PE FMFPMSXIG. (I EPXJIP, RMGM RY TVIE EZIEM GI W MIM; JVE'MM RY PWEWIV HIGX
QSFMPIPI, HMRXVI GEVI RMGMYRE RY TYXIE 3 ZVX RXV-S VERM'; HEV YR QEVI
RYQV HI 'VERM, GEVI M E''EWIV TI WSPHE'MM RS#XVM PE EGIEWX HIZEWXEVI,
TVS3XEV HI HI^SVHMRI #M, GE JYVRMGMPI, WI WXVRKIEY GXI XVIM, TEXVY, WTVI E
GVE SFMIGXIPI TVIE KVIPI TIRXVY YRYP WMRKYV.
1YP'M HMRXVI EM RS#XVM, TVIE TY'MR IZPEZMS#M, EPIVKEY HI GSPS-GSPS TVMR
XSEX QRWXMVIE, JIVMGM'M, QGEV S HEX R ZME' G EY HI-E JEGI GY GPYKVMM.
9RYP MI#IE HMRXV-S GLMPMI GY S TPVMI QEVI HI HSQMRMGER TI GET, EPXYP WI
TPMQFE GY KVEZMXEXI TI GSVMHSEVI, QFVGEX RXV-YR PYRK ERXIVMY EPF TIWXI
YRMJSVQE PYM. 'Y XS'MM W-EY RJ'M#EX PE ETIP, EZRH R QMRM S IRSVQ PYQMREVI
ETVMRW #M, R XSX GYVWYP RST'MM HI 9 WTVI 10, R SRSEVIE ZMGXSVMIM RSEWXVI
EWYTVE RETSPMXERMPSV, QRWXMVIE E JSWX WTPIRHMH MPYQMREX.
'SVIWTSRHIRXE FMI'MPSV JVE'M R-E JSWX QEM VIWTIGXEX HIGX VIWXYP, #M
ETVSETI XSEXI WGVMWSVMPI EY JSWX EHYWI R XVMYQJ #M GMXMXI GY KPEW XEVI HI GXVI
WSPHE'M, WGVMWSVM GI M-EV 3 JGYX W VS#IEWG TR PE YVIGLM TI G#XMM JSRHEXSVM EM
SVHMRYPYM.40
0E ^IGI, RI-EQ STVMX PE 4EPIWXVMRE #M RI-EQ MRWXEPEX FMZYEGYP TI TENM#XM.
2ETSPMXERMPSV WI TVIE G PI TMIVMWI TSJXE W RI QEM EXEGI #M, SGSPMRH GSPMRIPI
HI PE %PFERS #M HI PE *VEWGEXM, WI ETVSTMEY RGIX-RGIX HI 6SQE.
+EVMFEPHM, GEVI WI XIQIE HI YR EXEG GSQYR EP RETSPMXERMPSV #M EP
JVERGI^MPSV, S TSVRM R QEV# GLMEV R EGIIE#M WIEV, WTVI E WI RXSEVGI PE 6SQE;
EQ XVIGYX R XGIVI #M RXV-S SVHMRI HIWZV#MX, PE S HITVXEVI HI HSY QMPI
HI IQTYP HY#QER, TI TSXIGM ETVSETI MQTVEGXMGEFMPI, JV GE ZVIYR EGGMHIRX
W XYPFYVI PMRM#XIE YRYM QEV# QVI'.
R WJV#MX, R HMQMRIE'E HI 12, EQ ENYRW PE 6SQE, HYT GI EQ JGYX R
XMQTYP RST'MM HSY^IGM #M STX HI QMPI JV W RI STVMQ S GPMT; EZIEQ EFWSPYX
RIZSMI HI SHMLR; QYP'M HMRXVI RSM, GVI^RH G TPIGQ RXV-S GEQTERMI HI
GXIZE GIEWYVM, RY-#M PYEWIV, GE W PI 3I QEM Y#SV, RMGM GVEXM', RMGM VERM', RMGM
VYJI.
(EV PE GHIVIE RST'MM, R PSG W RI SHMLRMQ, EQ JSWX WMPM'M W RI PYQ MEV
TY#XMPI; W-E HEX S EPEVQ R SVE#; W-E VWTRHMX ^ZSRYP G JVERGI^MM EXEGEY
1SRXI-1EVMS; EQ MI#MX R QEVI KVEF TI TSEVXE %RKIPMGE, EQ WGLMQFEX GXIZE
JSGYVM HI EVQ GY JVERGI^MM #M EQ HSVQMX TI QEVKMRIE YRYM #ER', GY QRE TI
EVQ.
1 RXVYGX 1IHMGM R-E PYEX TEVXI PE I\TIHM'ME HI PE 4EPIWXVMRE, GIE QEM
QEVI TEVXI HMR EGIWXI EQRYRXI WYRX QTVYQYXEXI HI PE )QMPMS (ERHSPS. (%P.
(YQEW).
0YTXE HI PE :IPPIXVM RGITRH HMR EGIWX QSQIRX, RSXIPI PWEXI TIRXVY
RSM HI +EVMFEPHM, R GPMTE TPIGVMM WEPI WTVI 7MGMPME, RI RKHYMI W-M HQ MEV
GYZRXYP #M W-M TYRIQ TERE R QR.
0E 12 QEM, %HYREVIE GSRWXMXYERX VSQER, PE ZIWXIE ETVVMM IVSMGI E
&SPSKRIM, HHIE EGIWX HIGVIX: 6SQE, 12 QEM 1849
%HYREVIE GSRWXMXYERX, R RYQIPI PYM (YQRI^IY #M EP TSTSVYPYM,
(IGVIXIE^: %VXMGSP YRMG 7I HIGPEV G IVSMGYP TSTSV EP &SPSKRIM E FMRIQIVMXEX
HI PE TEXVMI #M G IWXI HIQRYP IQYP EP JVEXIPYM WY, TSTSVYP VSQER.
R EGIIE#M ^M GRH &SPSKRE GHIE, EQFEWEHSVYP I\XVESVHMREV EP
VITYFPMGMM JVERGI^I, *IVHMRERH HI 0IWWITW 1, MRXVE R 6SQE GY 1MGLIPI %GGYVWM,
XVMQMWYP VITYFPMGMM VSQERI PE 4EVMW.-
+VE'MI FYRIPSV S3GMM EPI EQFEWEHSVYPYM JVERGI^, EVQMWXM'MYP, R GEVI IVE
ZSVFE HI GMRGMWTVI^IGI ^MPI #M QTSXVMZE GVYME Q VMHMGEWIQ GY EXXE XVMI R
^MYE HI 1 QEM, WI RGLIMEWI.
+YZIVRYP VSQER LSXV W TVS3XI HI EGIWX EVQMWXM'MY WTVI E WI
HIWGSXSVSWM HI EVQEXE RETSPMXER; JV GE IE W 3I GY EHIZVEX HI XIQYX, IVE
HIWXYP HI WYTVXSV W EM HSY^IGM HI QMM HI SEQIRM #M XVIM^IGM #M #EWI HI
XYRYVM TI YQIVMM XM.
+VI#IWG, GGM RY QEM EZIE HIGX XVIM^IGM #M XVIM, RXVYGX RSM EHYWIWIQ
XVIM HMR IPI HI PE 4EPIWXVMRE.
'Y EGIWX TVMPIN, KYZIVRYP HMR 6SQE WSGSXM RMQIVMX W JEG HSM KIRIVEPM HI
HMZM^MI, YRYP, HMRXV-YR GSPSRIP, GIPPEPX, HMRXV-YR KIRIVEP HI FVMKEH; TVMQYP JY
6SWIPPM, EP HSMPIE, IY.
+YZIVRYP P RYQM TI 6SWIPPM KIRIVEP EP I\TIHM'MIM.
''MZE TVMIXIRM Q RHIQREY W RY TVMQIWG EGIEWX TS^M'MI WIGYRHEV,
WYF SVHMRIPI YRYM SQ GEVI, RY QEM HITEVXI HIGX R ENYR, JYWIWI MRJIVMSVYP
QIY. (EV QVXYVMWIWG G XSXHIEYRE EQ JSWX MRWIRWMFMP PE EGIWXI GLIWXMYRM HI
EQSV-TVSTVMY; HI QM W-EV 3 HEX TVMPINYP, 3I #M GE WMQTPY WSPHEX, W WGSX WEFME
QTSXVMZE HY#QERYPYM 'VMM QIPI, E# 3 WPYNMX #M GE FIVWEPMIV. %Q TVMQMX HIGM, GY
VIGYRS#XMR', W WPYNIWG GE KIRIVEP HI HMZM^MI.
0E 16 QEM, WIEVE, XSEX EVQEXE 6ITYFPMGMM, EHMG ^IGI QMM HI SEQIRM #M
HSYWTVI^IGI XYRYVM, MI#M HMRXVI ^MHYVMPI 6SQIM TI TSEVXE 7ER-+MSZERRN.
4VMRXVI EGI#XM ^IGI QMM HI SEQIRM, XVIM QMM IVEY HMR GEZEPIVMI.
4I HVYQ, EY FKEX HI WIEQ G PMTWIE GSVTYP HI EVQEX EP PYM 1EREVE,
GEVI JYWIWI HIWIQREX W ME TEVXI PE I\TIHM'MI. 7-E XVMQMW YR S3'IV HI
WXEXQENSV WTVI E WI MRJSVQE GYQ WI JGIE G 1EREVE, HI SFMGIM TVMQYP GRH
IVE ZSVFE W QIEVK QTSXVMZE HY#QERYPYM, IVE HI HEXE EWXE YPXMQYP. 9MXEWIV
YR WMRKYV PYGVY: W-P TVIZMR. 0-EY KWMX JYVMSW; GVIHIE G IP WMRKYV JYWIWI
I\GPYW HMR I\TIHM'MI.
8VIGYVQ 8MFVYP, R HVYQ WTVI 8MZSPM; EGSPS, EQ PYEX-S PE HVIETXE #M EQ
ENYRW, GEQ TI PE SVE YRWTVI^IGI HMQMRIE'E, PE >EKEVSPE, HYT YR QEV# HMRXVI
GIPI QEM SFSWMXSEVI TIRXVY SEQIRMM RS#XVM. (I#M RY ENYRWIWIQ HITEVXI,
QIVWIWIQ #EMWTVI^IGI GIEWYVM RGLIMEXI. %WXE HMR TVMGMRE PYRKMQMM GSPSERIM.
)VE YR TVEJ MRWYTSVXEFMP. 4I PRK EWXE, R YRIPI PSGYVM, HVYQYP IVE EXX HI
RKYWX, RIX E XVIFYMX W XVIGIQ YRYP GXI YRYP.
'RH EQ WSWMX PE >EKEVSPE, R-EQ KWMX RMGM TMRI, RMGM GEVRI; HMZM^ME
RETSPMXER EZYWIWI KVMN W JEG SVHMRI: QRGEWI XSXYP #M FYWI ETVSETI
XSXYP. 7XEXYP-QENSV YMXEWI W TVIZEH EGIEWX QTVINYVEVI.
(MR JIVMGMVI, PYEWIQ GY QMRI GXIZE ZMXI; SEQIRMM QIM EY TVMRW EPXIPI GY
PEWWS-YP; EY JSWX XMEXI, QTV'MXI R FYG'M, JVMTXI #M QRGEXI.
)WXI EHIZVEX G, EXYRGM GRH Q-EQ TPRW HI EGIEWX PMTW HI
TVIZIHIVI GEVI IVE GX TI-EGM W VEXI^I I\TIHM'ME HMR TVMGMRE JSEQIXIM, QM W-E
VWTYRW G WI XIQYWIV, EHYRRH QIVMRHI, W RY XVI^IEWG EXIR'ME
HY#QERYPYM. *SEVXI FMRI!
%Q WXEX ETVSETI XVIM^IGM HI SVI R EGIWX XVKY#SV, HI YRHI EQ TSVRMX PE
HVYQ XSX JV TMRI, PE JIP GYQ ZIRMWIVQ EGSPS.
3VHMRYP HI TPIGEVI E JSWX HEX PE 18 QEM, PE SVE YRY HYT-EQME^; HEV R-
EQ TSVRMX GY EHIZVEX R QEV# HIGX PE SVE #EWI WIEVE. %WXJIP HI STVMVM WYRX
QEM SFSWMXSEVI HIGX QEV#YVMPI JSV'EXI.
R WJV#MX, PE SVE #EWI, EQ TYXYX W Q TYR MEV#M R JVYRXIE FVMK^MM HI
EZERKEVH, #M EQ TSVRMX WTVI :EPQSRXSRI. 'IPIPEPXI FVMK^M Q YVQEY.
3VHSREWIQ W WI TWXVI^I PMRM#XI HIWZV#MX R VRHYVM, GETYP GSPSERIM #M
4ERGYVMPI W ZIKLI^I GY GIE QEM QEVI EXIR'MI. 4VMQMWIQ R#XMMR'EVIE G
EVQEXE RETSPMXER WI MRWXEPEWI PE :IPPIXVM GY RSYWTVI^IGI WEY HSY^IGM HI
QMM HI SEQIRM HMRXVI GEVI HSY VIKMQIRXI IPZI'MIRI #M XVIM^IGM HI XYRYVM.
7I WTYRIE G W-EV E4E R SVE# VIKIPI 2IETSPYPYM R TIVWSER.
RXV-EHIZV, VIKEPMM SGYTEY :IPPIXVM, %PFERS #M *VEWGEXM; EZERTSWXYVMPI PSV
ENYRKIEY TR PE *VEXSGGLM. %VMTE WXRK PI IVE SGVSXMX HI QEVI, EVMTE
HVIETX ETVEX HI %TIRMRM; GYQ TVWMWIQ 4EPIWXVMRE, S SGYTEWIV IM,
HSQMRRH EWXJIP ZEPIE YRHI WI E4E WMRKYVYP HVYQ TVEGXMGEFMP TIRXVY S
EVQEX, ZIRMRH HMRWTVI 6SQE, GEVI M-EV 3 TYXYX EXEGE. 4YXIEY, E#EHEV, W RI
STYR S VI^MWXIR' WIVMSEW; ETSM, IM QEM EZIEY JE' HI RSM EZERXENYP TS^M'MIM,
EZERXENYP RYQVYPYM, EZERXENYP XYRYVMPSV #M TI GIP EP GEZEPIVMIM.
(EV JIVMGMXYP VI^YPXEX EP TVMQIM EG'MYRM IVE S JKHYMEP E WSEVXIM TIRXVY
GIE HI-E HSYE. 8VYTIPI VIKIPYM 2IETSPYPYM, IVEY, HI EPXJIP, GY HIWZV#MVI
HIQSVEPM^EXI #M, HYT GYQ WI #XMI, R V^FSM, QSVEPYP IWXI XSXYP.
4IRXVY E-P GSRWXVRKI TI HY#QER PE S VIXVEKIVI WEY PE S PYTX, RI-EQ
KRHMX W TYRIQ, ZVIQIPRMG, WXTRMVI TI ZEPI, W SGYTQ S TS^M'MI HI 4ERG
GEVI W EQIRMR'I GSQYRMGE'MMPI EVQEXIM RETSPMXERI GY 2IETSPYP. 1SRXI-
*SVXMRS E JSWX EPIW W HIZMR EGIWX TYRGX WXVEXIKMG. 3 HEX WXTRM TI IP,
TYXIEQ W RI EVYRGQ EWYTVE 'MXIVRIM #M W PI RGLMHIQ VIKEPMPSV HVYQYP WTVI
KVERM'E PSV, W TYRIQ WXTRMVI TI :IPPIXVM, HEG, HMR RXQTPEVI, IM P-EV 3
TVWMX TIRXVY E RI SGSPM, WEY, R WJV#MX, W RI EVYRGQ GY XSEXI JSV'IPI
RSEWXVI EWYTVE GIPYM QEM WPEF GSVT EP MREQMGYPYM, HEG MREQMGYP WZV#IE
KVI#IEPE HI E WI QTV'M.
4I RWIVEX, EQ ENYRW PE S XVIGXSEVI JSEVXI WXVMQX GEVI HYGI TR
ETVSETI HI :EPQSRXSRI; EQ EZYX HI JYVG HSY GIEWYVM. 6IKMQIRXYP 1EREVE,
ENYXEX HI YR IWGEHVSR HI HVEKSR! #M HI HSY XYRYVM, E JSWX RWVGMREX W ETIVI
EZERKEVHE.
%Q WSWMX PE SVE ^IGI; IVE RXYRIVMG FI^R, MEV PSGYP HI GEQTEVI TVSWX;
EQ JSWX WMPM'M W XVMQMXIQ HYT ET PE HITVXEVI HI S QMP.
0E 18, RI-EQ GSRXMRYEX QEV#YP GY EGIIE#M MY'IEP; PE JIP GE R ENYR, EQ
KWMX 4EPIWXVMRE #M :EPQSRXSRI TVWMXI HI GXVI HY#QER, #M HI EWIQIRIE
PMFIV 1SRXI-*SVXMRS, TI GEVI IVE EXX HI Y#SV W RM-P HMWTYXI.
8SEX EVQEXE FYVFSRMG IVE R TPMR VIXVEKIVI WTVI :EPPIXVM.
R HMQMRIE'E HI 19, IY EQ TVWMX TS^M'ME HI PE 1SRXI-*SVXMRS GE W
QV#PYMVMM WTVI :IPPIXVM GY PIKMYRIE MXEPMER, GY EP XVIMPIE FEXEPMSR HMR
VIKMQIRXYP XVIM HI MRJERXIVMI VSQER #M GY G'MZE GEZEPIVM#XM GSQERHE'M HI
GYVENSWYP 1E#MRE; R XSXEP, ETVSETI S QMI GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM. %ZIEQ EPXYVM
HI QMRI TI 9KS &EWWM GEVI, XSXHIEYRE JV EVQI, HEV GPVI'
I\GIPIRXWPYNMRHY-QM HVITX EKLMSXERX, QM VITIXE RIRGIXEX R QMNPSGYP JSGYPYM:
+IRIVEPI! : MQTPSV, XVMQMXI'M-Q TI QMRI YRHI I TVMQINHMI R PSG W
XVMQMXI'M EGSPS TI YR EPXYP QEM JSPSWMXSV HIGX QMRI.
'RH EQ ENYRW ETVSETI HI :IPPIXVM, EQ XVMQMW YR HIXE#EQIRX GY SVHMRYP
W REMRXI^I TI WYF ^MHYVMPI SVE#YPYM WTVI E VIGYRSE#XI PSGYVMPI #M, EXVKRHY-P
TI HY#QER, W-P JEG, HEG IVE GY TYXMR', W XVIEG PE SJIRWMZ. 2Y WTIVEQ,
HIWMKYV, GY GIM S QMI GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM EM QIM, W-M FEX TI GIM HSY^IGM HI
QMM HI SEQIRM EM VIKIPYM 2IETSPYPYM; HEV WTIVEQ, S HEX PYTXE ERKENEX, W-M
EXVEK WTVI QMRI #M, HRHY-PI HI JYVG, KVSWYP EVQEXIM RSEWXVI W EMF EWXJIP
XMQT W ENYRK WTVI E PYE TEVXI PE FXPMI.
4I RP'MQMPI II QVKMRIWG HVYQYP GEVI HYGI PE :IPPIXVM, QM-EQ E#I^EX
NYQXEXI HMR PIKMYRI, HSY WEY XVIM WYXI HI SEQIRM R GIRXVY, NYQXEXI HMR
FEXEPMSR PE HVIETXE, MEV KVYTYP HI GEZEPIVM#XM, GSQERHE'M HI 1EVMRE, GLMEV TI
HVYQ.
%Q TWXVEX VIWXYP SEQIRMPSV R PMRME E HSYE GE VI^IVZ.
(Y#QERYP, Z^RHY-RI RXV-YR RYQV E#E HI QMG, R-E ^FSZMX W RI
EXEGI; TVMQYP, YR VIKMQIRX HI ZRXSVM TIHI#XVM MI#M HMRXVI ^MHYVM #M,
VWTRHMRHY-WI, HIWGLMWI YR JSG HI XMVEPMSVM QTSXVMZE EZERTSWXYVMPSV RSEWXVI.
%ZERTSWXYVMPI, GSRJSVQ SVHMRYPYM TI GEVI P TVMQMWIV, FXYV R
VIXVEKIVI. :LXSVMM RETSPMI XRM EY JSWX YVQE'M HI GXIZE FEXEPMSERI HI PMRMI
#M HI YR GSVT RYQIVSW HI GEZEPIVMI. 'MSGRMVIE E JSWX ZMSPIRX, HEV R-E 'MRYX
QYPX. %NYR#M PE S NYQXEXI HI FXEMI HI TY#G HI SEQIRMM RS#XVM, JSGYP GY
HIWZV#MVI GEPQ #M FMRI HMVMNEX HI EGI#XME M-E STVMX RHEX. &XPME RGITYWI HI
S NYQXEXI HI GIEW. R EGIWX QSQIRX, HY#QERYP #M-E EVYRGEX HSY
IWIEHVSERI HI ZRXSVM GPVM TI HVYQYP GXVIM RSM; S #EVN HI^RHNHYMX E
EGIWXSVE XVIFYME W LSXVEWG ZMGXSVME. 1-EQ TYW EXYRGM R JVYRXIE GIPSV
GMRGM^IGM-#EM^IIM HI GPVI'M EM QIM #M EQ EXEGEX GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM.
2ETSPMXERMM, QRE'M HI EZRXYP PSV, EY XVIGYX TIWXI XVYTYVMPI RSEWXVI. )Y EQ
JSWX VWXYVREX HMR #E #M EVYRGEX PE ^IGI TE#M HI GEPYP QIY; Q-EQ VMHMGEX #M EQ
VQEW R QMNPSGYP RZPQ#IPMM, PSZMRH HMR VWTYXIVM GE W RY 3Y PSZMX.
'EPYP QIY E JGYX PE JIP GE QMRI; W-E VMHMGX HI NSW. 1-EQ ^ZVPMX R
WTMREVIE PYM, #M TYRRHY-QM TPVME R ZVJYP WFMIM #M EKMXRH-S, Q-EQ EVXEX
SEQIRMPSV RS#XVM, GEVI TYXIEY W Q GVIEH QSVX. (I EPXJIP, IVEQ Y#SV HI
VIGYRSWGYX, 3MRH WMRKYVYP QFVGEX RXV-YR TYRILS EPF, GY GTXY#IEP VS#MI.
7XVMKXI TYXIVRMGI VWYREV, Z^RHY-Q RZMEX HMR QSV'M.
R MYVI#YP IM, #EVNE GEZEPIVM#XMPSV RETSPMXERM TXVYRWIWI TR PE VI^IVZE
RSEWXV, R ZVIQI GI FEXEPMSERIPI HI PMRMI, WXVRWI R GSPSER, M YVQEY.
8SGQEM EGIEWX R4GVEVI M TMIVHY; GGM, 4ERGYVMPI PSV RIQEM3MRH ETVEXI HI
VIKMQIRXYP HI ZRXSVM TIHI#XVM, RXPRMRHY-M TI-EM RS#XVM EWGYR#M TI XSEXI
HIEPYVMPI, R HVIETXE #M-R WXRKE, GY VI^IVZE RSEWXV R JVYRXI, HIZIRMV S
EHIZVEX 'MRX TIRXVY PSZMXYVMPI WSPHE'MPSV RS#1.
R EGIP QSQIRX EQ XVMQMW W WI GIEVMJXRXVMVM KIRIVEPYPYM-GSQERHERX,
WTYRRHY-M G WSGSXIEQ FXPME ERKENEX HI-E FMRIPIE.
1M W-E VWTYRW G RY QM WI TYXIEY XVMQMXI ENYXSEVI, HISEVIGI WSPHE'MM
RY-#M QRGEWIV RG WYTE. %Q LSXVX EXYRGM W JEG GI ZSM TYXIE GY TVSTVMMPI
QIPI JSV'I, HMR RIRSVSGMVI RXSXHIEYRE MRWY3GMIRXI R QTVINYVVM HIGMWMZI,
%Q SVHSREX W WI WYRI EXEGYP TI XSEX PMRME; IVEQ S QMI GMRGM WYXI QTSXVMZE
E GMRGM QMM.
R EGIIE#M GPMT, GIPI HSY XYRYVM EPI RSEWXVI JYV TYWI R FEXIVMI #M
FYFYMV; JSGYP XMVEPMSVMPSV W-E RXI'MX #M GIM TEXVY^IGM WEY GMRGM^IGM HI PRGMIVM EM
QIM, GSRHY#M HI 1EVMRE, WI RTYWXMV TIWXI XVIM WEY TEXVY QMM HI MRJERXIVM#XM.
R ZVIQIE EWXE, 1EREVE, GEVI WI E4E GEQ PE ZVIS HSY QMPI HI RSM,
EY^MRH JSGYP, M GIVY KIRIVEPYPYM-GSQERHERX TIVQMWMYRIE HI E WI HYGI PE XYR.
(YT S SV, EGIEWX TIVQMWMYRI M JY EGSVHEX. 'YVENS#MM XMRIVM EY TSVRMX R TEW
EPIVKXSV, TI HVYQYP QEVI, WYF JSGYP EVXMPIVMIM HY#QERI. 'RH EY ENYRW PE
EVMIVKEVHE RSEWXV, EGIEWXE WI HIWGLMWI WTVI E-M PWE W XVIEG. )M HI3PEV R
WYRIXYP XVSQTIXIPSV #M R QMNPSGYP YRYM EHQMVEFMP IRXY^MEWQ. 0E ZIHIVIE
EGIWXSV XMRIVM, QMGM, FVYRI'M, ZMKYVS#M, E TERE#YVMPSV PSV RIKVI 4YXYVRH R ZRX,
WXVMKXYP HI 8VMEWG FIVWEPMIVMM!, '#RM HI TI XSEXI FY^IPI. )M VWTYRWIV TVMR
WXVMKXYP HI 8VMEWG +EVMFEPHM! #M MRXVEV R PMRMI.
R XMQTYP EGIWXE, HY#QERYP JYWIWI VIWTMRW HI TI S TS^M'MI TI EPXE #M WI
VIXVKIE WYF TVSXIG'ME XYRYVMPSV HMR TME', HMR GEVI GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI,
E#I^EXI R HVIETXE TSV'MM, EZIEY R WTEXI S QRWXMVI; HSY HMR IPI FXIEY R
ER3PEH HVYQYP QEVI, ' GIPIPEPXI XVKIEY R 4ERGYP WXRK EP GSPSERIM RSEWXVI,
YRHI IVEY VWTRHM'M XMVEPMSVMM; HEV, HEX 3MRH REXYVE XIVIRYFL, GEVI PI SJIVIE
SEQIRMPSV QIM RYQIVSEWI VMHMGXYVM RHVXYP GVSVE WI TYXIEY EWGYRHI, IPI
RY PI TVMGMRYMEY TVIE QYPX VY. (I-EFME ENYRW TI GQTYP HI PYTX, 1EREVE Q
GYX GY TVMZMVIE.
1 VIGYRSWGY RHEX HYT TYRGLS-YP QIY EPF; #M S TSVRM R KEPST GE W
ENYRK PE QMRI HEV, R HVYQ, JY STVMX HI YR MRGMHIRX TI GEVI P VIHEY EMGM,
HISEVIGI ^YKVZI#XI EHQMVEFMP WTMVMXYP SEQIRMPSV RS#XVM.
8VIGRH TVMR JE'E QY^MGMM, GEVI GMXMXE YR GRXIG ZIWIP, ZVIS HSY^IGM HI
SEQIRM HI-E PYM RY TYXYWIV VI^MWXE VMXQYPYM #M, R MYVI#YP KPSER'IPSV #M EP
QMXVEPMMPSV RETSPMXERMPSV, WI ETYGEV W HERWI^I.
R GPMTE GRH RWY#M 1EREVE, WYF S TPSEMI HI KPSER'I, M TVMZIE V^RH, S
KLMYPIE HI XYR VTYWI HSM HERWEXSVM.
(YT EGIWX EGGMHIRX, WI TVSHYWI S WGYVX TEY^. (EV 1EREVE WXVMK:
) FMRI, QY^MGE#
1Y^MGE VWYR MEV #M HERWYP WI TSVRM HMR RSY #X QEM ETVMRW GE REMRXI. R
GI Q TVMZI#XI, GRH M-EQ Z^YX WSWMRH TI FIVWEPMIVM, P-EQ XVMQMW TI 9KS &EWWM
GE W-M WTYR PYM 1EREVE W ZMR W-QY ZSVFIEWG.
4VMQYP WY GYZRX E JSWX W RXVIFI HEG RY IVEQ GYQZE VRMX.
'VIH G KIRIVEPYP E TVMQMX HSY KPSER'I, YRYP R QR #M GIPPEPX R
TMGMSV, VWTYRWI 9KS &EWWM; HEV, GYQ RY WI TPRKI, TVSFEFMP G VRMPI RY WYRX
TVMQINHMSEWI.
RXV-EHIZV, EZYWIWIQ HSY ^KVMIXYVM, HI GEVI RY Q-EQ SGYTEX
HIGX WIEVE, GRH R-EQ QEM EZYX EPXGIZE HI JGYX.
1EREVE QM TSZIWXM WGIRE PE GEVI XSGQEM EWMWXEWI.
3EVI GY EWXJIP HI SEQIRM, Q RXVIF. ), RY. 4YXIQ W RGIVGQ W
PYQ GY EWEPX :IPPIXVM#
%Q RGITYX W VH. 7 PYQ GY EWEPX, GY HSY QMM HI SEQIRM #M GY HSY
XYRYVM, YR SVE# GSGS'EX, GE YR GYMF HI ZYPXYVM, TI ZVJ HI QYRXI #M ETVEX HI
HSY^IGM HI QMM HI SEQIRM #M HI XVIM^IGM HI XYRYVM!
(EV EGIWXE IVE WTMVMXYP GI RWY4I'IE EGIWX XMRIVIX ZMXIE^, GVYME RMQMG RY
M WI TVIE GY RITYXMR'.
%Q XVMQMW RSM QIWEKIVM PE GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP. (EG E# 3 EZYX QGEV GMRGM
QMM HI SEQIRM, E# M RGIVGEX MWTVEZE, RXV-EXX HI QEVI IVE IRXY^MEWQYP
SEQIRMPSV QIM #M HIWGYVENEVIE RETSPMXERMPSV.
R HVIETXE TSV'MM, WI ZIHIE GY SGLMYP PMFIV YR JIP HI WTVXYV R-^MH;
EGIEWX WTVXYV IVE EWXYTEX GY JEWGMRI, HEV GXIZE KLMYPIPI HI XYR'EV 3
HIWGLMW-S; GSPSERIPI HI EXEG, TYXIEY ENYRKI EHTSWXMXI HI RIRYQVE'MM
GSTEGM TVIWVE'M TI GSEWXIPI GSPMRIPSV, PE EGIEWX WTVXYV; MEV KIRM#XMM XYXYVSV
GSVTYVMPSV, HYT RPXYVEVIE SFWXEGSPIPSV, EV 3 JGYX VIWXYP. (SY EXEGYVM
WMQYPEXI EV 3 ET VEX EXEGYP TVMRGMTEP.
R PSG HI EWXE, E XVIFYMX W RI QYP'YQMQ W-M PWQ TI FIVWEPMIVMM RS#XVM
W WI HMWXVI^I GY SEQIRMM HI TI QIXIVI^I, R ZVIQ I GI, HMR QRWXMVIE
GETYGMRMPSV, HSY VIKMQIRXI IPZI'MIRI HIWGLMHIEY EWYTVE PSV YR KVSE^RMG JSG
HI EVXMPIVMI.
R WJV#MX, KIRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX WI LSXV W-QM ZMR R ENYXSV GY XSEX
EVQEXE; HEV GRH WSWM, QSQIRXYP TVMIPRMG XVIGYWI. 'YQ RY Q RHSMEQ G
HY#QERYP ZE IZEGYE SVE#YP TIWXI RSETXI, #M 3MRH MRJHVQEX G VIKIPI #M
TPIGEWI GY #EWI QMM GMI SEQIRM, EQ TVSTYW W WI XVMQMX YR HIXE#EQIRX
TYXIVRMG WTVI TSEVXE 2IETSPYPYM #M W WI TVIWI^I 4ERGYP HY#QERYPYM, R
QSQIRXYP GRH W-EV VIXVEKI R HI^SVHMRI; XIEQE HI E RI WPFM JSV'IPI TIWXI
QWYV QTMIHMG I\IGYXEVIE EGIWXYM TPER.
4I PE QMI^YP RST'MM, ZVRH W #XMY TI GI Q FM^YM, M-EQ SVHSREX PYM
1EREVE W XVMQMX YR S3'IV, GY TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM HI GEVI W 3I WMKYV, TR
WYF ^MHYVMPI SVE#YPYM :IPPIXVM, FE GLMEV TR R :IPPIXVM, HEG IVE GY TYXMR'.
1EREVE XVERWQMWI SVHMRYP QIY WYFPSGKXIRIRXYPYM )QMPMS (ERHSPS, GEVI
PY TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM #M REMRX, TI RXYRIVMG, WTVI SVE#.
(SM 'VERM TI GEVI-M RXPRM P EWMKYVEV G SVE#YP JYWIWI TVWMX.
(ERHSPS #M GY SEQIRMM PYM REMRXEV EXYRGM TR ME TSEVX; R-S T^IE RMGM
S WIRXMRIP.
7JVQEX HI KLMYPIPIPI RSEWXVI, TSEVXE JYWIWI FEVMGEHEX. &IVWEPMIVMM
IWGEPEHEV FEVMGEHE #M WI TSQIRMV R SVE#.
3VE#YP IVE RXV-EHIZV TYWXMY. (ERHSPS JGY G'MZE TVM^SRMIVM GEVI
RXV^MEWIV #M, HI PE IM #M HI PE PYQIE HMR SVE# TI GEVI S XVI^M, E4 XSX GIIE GI
EZIE RIZSMI W #XMI, #M ERYQI G RHEX HYT ZIRMVIE RST'MM, RETSPMXERMM
RGITYWIV W WI VIXVEK, HEV EXX HI KVFM'M #M RXV-S EWIQIRIE HI^SVHMRI,
RIX #M TVWMWIV GIE QEM QEVI TEVXI HMR VRM'M.
R ^SVM EQ TSVRMX R YVQVMVIE PSV; HEV QM-E JSWX GY RITYXMR' W-M QEM
ENYRK. (I EPXJIP, R ZVIQI GI IY Q E4EQ TI HVYQYP QEVI HI PE 8IVVEGMRE, EQ
TVMQMX SVHMR W Q EPXYV GSPSERIM, HMR GEVI NYQXEXI WI RXSVGIE PE 6SQE, R
XMQT GI NYQXEXIE GIEPEPX IVE HIWXMREX W IPMFIVI^I PSGEPMXEXIE *VSWMRSRI HI
ZSPYRXEVMM PYM >YGGLM, GEVI S HIZEWXEY.
R JIPYP EGIWXE HY#QERYP RI WGT #M S ^M GEVI TYXIE W 3I HIGMWMZ
RWIQR HSEV YR WMQTPY WYGGIW XEGXMG.
R ^MYE EGIIE TEXVY EY JSWX PYGVYVMPI TI GEVI KIRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX #M
EVQEXE RY WI TVMGITYWIV W PI JEG: 2-EY #XMYX W-QM XVMQMX RXVMVM GRH PI-
EQ GIVYX.
2-EY #XMYX W HIE EWEPXYP GRH Q-EY ENYRW HMR YVQ.
2-EY #XMYX W QTMIHMGI VIXVEKIVIE RETSPMXERMPSV.
2-EY #XMYX W-M LV'YMEWI TI JYKEVM.
<:--
3 MYRMI 1-EQ RXSVW -E 6SQE PE 24 QEM, R QMNPSGYP YRIM QYP'MQM MQIRWI,
GEVI Q WEPYXE GY WXVMKXI HI FYGYVMI RIFYR.
R XMQTYP EGIWXE, EYWXVMIGMM EQIRMR'EY %RISRE; YR TVMQ GSVT HI TEXVY
QMM HI SEQIRM #M TPIGEWI HI ME 6SQE WTVI E QIVKI W ETIVI XIVMXSVMMPI
PIKEPIPSV #M TVSZMRGME 1EVGLI.
)VE ZSVFE W 3I XVMQMW #M ' YR EP HSMPIE GSVT; HEV QEM REMRXI HI E-P JEGI
W TVWIEWG 6SQE, KIRIVEPYP 6SWIPPM GVI^Y HI HEXSVME WE #M TIRXVY WMKYVER'E
6SQIM, W-M WGVMI HYGIPYM HI 6IKKMS YVQXSEVIE WGVMWSEVI: 'IX'IRI KIRIVEP,
'SRZMRKIVIE QIE EHRG IWXI G EVQEXE 6ITYFPMGMM VSQERI ZE PYTXE RXV-S ^M
EPXYVM HI GIE E 6ITYFPMGMM JVERGI^I WTVI E WYW'MRI GIPI QEM W3RXI HVITXYVM EPI
TSTSEVIPSV. %GIEWX GSRZMRKIVI Q RHIEQR W Z JEG TVSTYRIVM TI GEVI
RHNHYMIWG G PI ZI'M TVMQM. %Q GYRS#XMR'E G RXVI KYZIVRQRX #M QMRMWXVYP
TPIRMTSXIR'MEV EP *VER'IM, E JSWX WIQREX YR XVEXEX GEVI R-E TVMQMX ETVSFEVIE
HYQRIEZSEWXV.
)Y RY MRXVY R QMWXIVIPI TSPMXMGMM, GM Q EHVIWI^ HYQRIEZSEWXV R
GEPMXEXI HI KIRIVEP WYTVIQ HP EVQEXIM, GSQERHERX WYTVIQ EP XVYTIPSV
JVERGI^I GEVI STIVIE^ R VIKMYRIE 6SQIM. %YWXVMIGMM WYRX R QEV#; IM RGIEVG
W-#M GSRGIRXVI^I JSV'IPI PE *SPMKRS, HI EGSPS, WTVMNMRMRHY-#M EVMTE HVIETX TW
XIVMXSVMYP 8SWGERIM, EY MRXIR'ME W REMRXI^I TI ZEPIE 8MFVYPYM #M W STIVI^I,
TVMR %FVY^^M, NSRG'MYRIE, PSV GY RETSPMXERMM. 2Y GVIH G HYQRIEZSEWXV E'M
TYXIE TVMZM GY MRHMJIVIR' VIEPM^RHY-WI YR EWIQIRIE TPER.
'VIH G XVIFYMI W Z GSQYRMG TVIWYTYRIVMPI QIPI GY TVMZMVI PE
QM#GVMPI EYWXVMIGMPSV, QEM EPIW R QSQIRXYP R GEVI EXMXYHMRIE
HYQRIEZSEWXV RIOSXVM RI TEVEPM^IE^ JSV'IPI #M TSEXI W-M EWMT KYVI S
M^FRH HY#QERYPYM. %GIWXI QSXMZI QM WI TEV RHIENYRW HI TYXIVRMGI TIRXVY
E Z GIVI YR EVQMWXM'MY RIPMQMXEX #M RSXM3GEVIE SWXMPMX'MPSV GY GMRGMWTVI^IGI ^MPI
QEM REMRXI HI VIPYEVIE PSV.
+IRIVEPI, EGIWX EVQMWXM'MY IY P GVIH RIGIWEV TIRXVY E-QM WEPZE TEXVME #M
P GIV R RYQIPI SRSEVIM, EVQEXIM #M E 6ITYFPMGMM JVERGI^I.
R GE^YP GRH GETYP GSPSERIPSV EYWXVMIGI W-EV MZM PE 'MZMXE-'EWXIPPERE,
VWTYRHIVIE HI E RI 3 WMPMX W RI QTV'MQ JSV'IPI RXV-YR QSQIRX GRH IPI RI
WYRX EXX HI TVI'MSEWI #M HI E 3 EWMKYVEX EWXJIP WYGGIWIPI HY#QERMPSV *VER'IM,
EV GHIE, R JE'E MWXSVMIM, EWYTVE EVQEXIM JVERGI^I.
%Q SRSEVIE HI E Z GIVI, KIRIVEPI, YR VWTYRW 'KVEFRMG, VYKRHY-Z
W, TVMQM'M WEPYXYP JVEXIVRMX'MM.
6SWIYM +IRIVEPYP JVERGI^ VWTYRWI: +IRIVEPI, 3VHMRIPI
KYZIQQRXYPYM QIY WYRX TS^MXMZI; IPI QM MQTYR W MRXVY R 6SQE GX QEM
GYVRH GY TYXMR'. %VE HIRYR'EX EYXSVMX'MM VSQERI EVQMWXM'MYP ZIVFEP TI GEVI,
PE MRWMWXIR'IPI HSQRYPYM HI 0IWWITW, GSRWMQ'MWIQ W-P EGSVH QSQIRXER. %Q
SVHSREX W WI TVIZMR R WGVMW EZERTSWXYVMPI RSEWXVI, G GIPI HSY EVQEXI
IVEY R HVITX W VIRGIET SWXMPMX'MPI.
(EV, TIRXVY E HE GSRE'MSREPMPSV HYQRIEZSEWXV GEVI EV ZVIE W
TVWIEWG 6SQE, #M PE GIVIVIE HSQRYPYM GERGIPEV EP EQFEWEHIM *VER'IM,
TYXMR'E W-S JEG IY Y#YVMR', EQMR EXEGYP TMI'IM TR PYRM HMQMRIE'
4VMQM'M, KIRIVEPI, EWMKYVEVIE REPXIM QIPI GSRWMHIV E'MYRM.
+IRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX EP GSVTYPYM HI EVQEX EP 1IHMXIVERIM, 3YHMRSX,
HYGI HI 6IKKMS.
(YT EGIEWX EWMKYVEVI, EXEGYP RY XVIFYME W RGIET HIGX PE 4 MYRMI.
)WXI EHIZVEX G YR EYXSV JVERGI^, *SP EVH, E WTYW R GSQIRXEVMMPI WEPI
EWYTVE PYM 4SPZF: 9R KIRIVEP GEVI WI GYPG TI RGVIHIVIE RXV-YR XVEXEX WI
XVI^I#XI R#IPEX.
0E 3 MYRMI, GXVI SVIPI XVIM, Q-EQ HI#XITXEX R FYFYMXYP XYRYPYM.
)Y PSGYMEQ R ZME 'EVVS^I RV. 59 GY HSM TVMIXIRM EM QIM: 3VVMKSRM, HIWTVI
GEVI EQ QEM WT-YW YR GYZRX, GVIH, #M (EZIVMS, HIWTVI GEVI, HI EWIQIRIE, EQ
EZYX TVMPINYP W ZSVFIWG, EGIPE#M GEVI, PE :IPPIXVM, GSQERHE GSQTERME HI GSTMM.
%QRHSM, PE EGIWX ^KSQSX RIE#XITXEX, WVMV HMR TEX R EGIPE#M XMQT GY
QMRI. (EZIVMS WYJIVIE JSEVXI QYPX HMR TVMGMRE YRYM EFGIW; M-EQ SVHSREX W
VQR EGEW. 'X HIWTVI 3VVMKSRM, R-EZIEQ RMGM YR QSXMZ W-P QTMIHMG W
ZMR GY QMRI. %Q WVMX TI GEP, MWRHY-M PMFIVXEXIE HI E Q ENYRKI YRHI #M
GRH ZE ZSM, #M EQ TSVRMX-S R KEPST WTVI TSEVXI 7ER-4ERGVE^MS. %Q KWMX JSGYP
R XSM. -EX GI WI RXQTPEWI: %ZERTSWXYVMPI RSEWXVI HI PE ZMPE 4EQ3PM GSRWXEY
HMR HSY GSQTERMM HI FIVWEPMIVM FSPSKRI^M #M HMR HSY WYXI HI SEQIRM HMR
VIKMQIRXYP #EWI. R GPMTE GRH WYRE QMI^YP RST'MM #M GRH, TVMR YVQEVI, XSGQEM
MRXVEQ R ^MYE HI 3 MYRMI, S GSPSER JVERGI^ WI WXVIGYV TVMR FI^RE GIE QEM
HIEW WTVI ZMPE 4EQ3PM.
'MRI-M# WXVMK WIRXMRIPE, EZIVXM^EX HI ^KSQSXIPI TE#MPSV.
:MZE P'-XEPME! VWTYRWI S ZSGI.
7IRXMRIPE GVI^Y G EVI HI-E JEGI GY RM#XI GSQTEXVMS'M; M PW W WI
ETVSTMI #M JY HI^EVQEX.
''MZE FVFE'M WVMV TI JIVIWXVI R KVHMR, ETSM, S HEX R KVHMR, HI
TI ^MHYVM, NSW.
'IM QEM MY'M WI VIXVEWIV R HSWYP QRWXMVMM 7ER4ERGVE^MS, WXVMKRH: 0E
EVQI!
'IMPEP'M EPIVKEV R HMVIG'ME ZMPIPSV :EPIRXMRM #M 'SVWMRM.
'E #M ZMPE 4EQ3PM, IPI JYV PYEXI TVMR WYVTVMRHIVI, RY XSXY#M JV E STYRI
SEVIGEVI VI^MWXIR' 7XVMKXIPI GIPSV GI WI VIJYKMEWIV. R WTEXIPI QRWXMVMM
7ER-4ERGVE^MS, QTY#GXYVMPI XVEWI HI ETVXSVMM ZMPIM 'SVWMRM #M EM ZMPIM
:EPIRXMRM M XVI^MWIV TI XYREVM.
R QSQIRXYP GRH EGI#XME Z^YV ZMPE 'SVWMRM #M ZMPE :EPIRXMRM SGYTEXI
HI JVERGI^M, #M RHVITXEV JSGYP WTVI EGIWXI HSY GEWI HI 'EV.
&YFYMXYP XYRYPYM P HI#XITX TI XSFS#EV #M WXVRM GPSTSXIPI.
7 HQ S MHII HIWTVI GQTYP HI PYTX TI GEVI WI ZE NYGE HIWXMRYP
EGIWXIM ^MPI RJVMGS#XSEVI.
(I PE TSEVXE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS TPIEG YR HVYQ GI HYGI HMVIGX PE :EWGIPPS;
EGIWX HVYQ I PYRK GEQ HI HSY WYXI GMRGM^IGM HI TE#M.
%TSM HVYQYP WI QTEVXI. (VYQYP TVMRGMTEP GSFSEV PE HVIETXE, HI-E
PYRKYP KVHMRMPSV ZMPIM 'SVWMRM, RGSRNYVEX HI ^MHYVM, #M QIVKI W RXPRIEWG
HVYQYP QEVI HMRWTVI 'MZMXE-:IGGLME. (VYQYP WIGYRHEV, RGIXRH HI E QEM 3
YR HVYQ TYFPMG #M HIZIRMRH S EPII HI KVHMR, GSRHYGI HMVIGX PE ZMPE 'SM'WMRM,
PE S HITVXEVI HI XVIM WYXI HI QIXVM.
%GIEWX EPII IWXI QVKMRMX, HI 3IGEVI TEVXI, HI KEVHYVM ZMM HI QMVX,
REPXI #M HIWI.
9R EP XVIMPIE HVYQ GSXI#XI PE WXRKE, #M, GE #M TVMQYP, R TEVXIE STYW
QIVKI HI-E PYRKYP ^MHYPYM REPX EP KVHMRMM 'SVWMRM.
:MPE :EWGIPPS IWXI S GPHMVI QEVI #M QEWMZ GY XVIM IXENI, RGSRNYVEX HI
KVHMRM #M HI ^MHYVM. 0E GMRGM^IGM HI TE#M HI IE WI E4 S GWY', HMR GEVI WI
TSEXI XVEKI R JIVIWXVIPI ZMPIM 'SVWMRM.
4I HVYQYP HMR WXRKE, 3E S WYX HI TE#M HI PSGYP YRHI WI WITEV HI
HVYQYP QEVI, WI REP' HSY GWY'I, YRE GLMEV R WTEXIPI KVHMRMM ZMPIM 'SVWMRM,
GIEPEPX PE HSY^IGM HI TE#M QEM WYW.
:MPE 'SVWMRM, WMXYEX TI S RP'MQI, HSQMR XSEXI QTVINYVMQMPI: TS^M'ME
IWXI JSEVXI TYXIVRMG, RXVYGX, HEG EXEGM HMVIGX #M JV W JEGM YRIPI PYGVVM
TVIKXMXSEVI, I#XM WMPMX W XVIGM TIWXI KVMPENYP GEVI WI KWI#XI PE I\XVIQMXEXIE
KVHMRMM #M W WYTSV'M, QEM REMRXI HI E ENYRKI E ZMP, JSGYP GSRGIRXVEX EP
HY#QERYPYM, EHTSWXMX HI KEVHYVMPI ZMM, HI ZEWI, HI TEVETIXI, HI WXEXYM #M GLMEV
HI GEW, JSG HIWGLMW R TYRGXYP R GEVI ^MHYVMPI KVHMRMM WI RGLMH RXV-YR YRKLM
EWGY'MX, RIPWRH RXVI IPI S EPX HIWGLM^XYV HIGX GIE E TSV'MM.
%GIWX XIVIR IWXI TVIXYXMRHIRM JSEVXI EGGMHIRXEX #M, HMRGSPS HI ZMPE
'SVWMRM, TVI^MRX QYPXI TYRGXI JEZSVEFMPI HY#QERYPYM, GEVI, GYPGEX RXVI
RIVIKYPEVMX'MPI PYM WEY QEWGEX HI THYVMGM, TSEXI W-#M E#I^I VI^IVZI PE.
%HTSWX HI JSGYP EWIHMEXSVMPSV, TVIWYTYRRH G EV 3 WMPMX W TVWIEWG
PSGYMR'E.
'RH EQ ENYRW PE TSEVXE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS, ZMPE 4EQ3PM, ZMPE 'SVWMRM #M ZMPE
:EPIRXMRM JYWIWIV PYEXI. 7MRKYV :EWGIPPS VQWIWI R TYXIVIE RSEWXV. (EV,
ZMPE 'SVWMRM PYEX, RWIQRE TIRXVY RSM S TMIVHIVI YVME#; EXXE ZVIQI GX IVEQ
WXTRM TI ZMPE 'SVWMRM, JVERGI^MM RY TYXIEY W-#M WETI XVER#SI. 'Y SVMGI TVI',
XVIFYME HIGM W-S VIGYGIVMQ, TIRXVY 6SQE, EWXE IVE S GLIWXMYRI HI ZME' #M HI
QSEVXI. *SGYVMPI WI RGVYGM#EY RXVI XYREVMM HI TI QIXIVI^I, RXVI SEQIRMM HI
PE :EWGIPPS #M JVERGI^MM HI PE ZMPE 'SVWMRM #M HI PE :MPE :EPIRXMRM.
(EV RY TYXIE 3 ZSVFE RMGM HI WGLMQF HI JSGYVM, RMGM HI WEPZI HI XYR, GM
IVE RIGIWEV YR EWEPX, YR EWEPX XIVMFMP #M ZMGXSVMSW, GEVI W RI VIHIE ZMPE 'SVWMRM.
1-EQ VITI^MX R QMNPSGYP HVYQYPYM, JV W-QM TIWI HEG TYRGLS-YP QIY EPF #M
TPVME QIE GY TIRI EZIEY W WPYNIEWG HVITX 'MRX XMVEPMSVMPSV JVERGI^M, #M, GY
KPEWYP #M GY KIWXYP, M-EQ GLIQEX TI XS'M FVFE'MM KEXE W Q YVQI^I. 33'IVM #M
WSPHE'M MI#MV TEVG HMR TQRX.
RXV-S GPMT, M-EQ EZYX PRK QMRI TI EKLMSXERXYP QIY 2MRS &M\MS, TI
(EZIVMS, TI GEVI-P GVIHIEQ VQEW GSRJSVQ SVHMRYPYM QIY, R ZME 'EVVS^I, TI
1EVMRE, GSQERHERXYP SFM#RYMX EM PRGMIVMPSV QIM, R WJV#MX TI 7EGGLM #M TI
1EVSGLIXXM, ZIGLMM QIM. 8SZEV#M HI V^FSM HMR 1SRXIZMHIS. )M EHYREV VIWXYP
FIVWEPMIVMPSV FSPSKRI^M, WI TYWIV R JVYRXIE PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI #M WI EZRXEV
TVMQMM, EXVKRHY-M HYT IM #M TI GIMPEP'M. 2MQMG R-E TYXYX W PI WXZMPIEWG
EZRXYP: ZMPE 'SVWMRM E JSWX PYEX; HEV, QEM REMRXI HI E ENYRKI PE IE, EX'ME
SEQIRM VQWIWIV TI HVYQYP GEVI XVIFYMWI W 3I WXVFXYX, RGX GIM GI
MRXVEWIV EGSPS R-EY TYXYX VI^MWXE RYQIVSEWIPSV GSPSERI ZIRMXI W-M EWIHMI^I.
%Y JSWX WMPM'M W HIE RETSM.
(EV, R XMQTYP EGIWXYM EXEG, WSWMV EP'MM, EP'MM PM WI EHYKEV; GSQERHER'MM,
JYVMS#M HI I#IGYP PSV, GIVIEY W WI EXEGI HMR RSY. 1EVMRE, GVYME YR KPSR' M
WXVFXYWI FVE'YP, #M VMHMG EGIWX FVE' RWRKIVEX, WXVMKRH: REMRXI! ' 7TVI
E-M ENYXE TI EGI#XM WSPHE'M ZMXINM, M-EQ HEX QEM QYP'M HMRXVI SEQIRMM HI PE
:EWGIPPS; WYR EXEGYP #M ZMPE 'SVWMRM E JSWX HMR RSY PYEX. 9R WJIVX HI GIEW QEM
XV^MY, IVE MEV#M TMIVHYX #M RI GSWXEWI YR WRKI TVI'MSW. 1EVMRE, HYT GYQ
EQ WTYW, JYWIWI VRMX PE FVE'; 2MRS &M\MS TVMQMWI YR KPSR' R #SPH; (EZIVMS
JYWIWI YGMW. R QSQIRXYP GRH M GIVIEQ PYM 1EVMRE W WI HYG W-#M PIKI VERE
#M GRH SVHSREQ W 3I XVERWTSVXEX &M\MS, 1EREVE, GEVI EPIVKEWI HI TI GQTYP
:EGGMRS, GY XSEXI SVHMRIPI GSRXVEHMGXSVMM TI GEVI PI TVMQMWI, ZIRM PRK QMRI.
7GSEXI-'M SEQIRMM PE EXEG, M-EQ ^MW; ZI^M TVIE FMRI G XVIFYMI W PYQ
RETSM GIX'YME EWXE.
4VMQE PYM GSQTERMI, GSQERHEX HI GTMXERYP *IVVEVM, JSWX EKLMSXERXYP
KIRIVEPYPYM (YVERHS, WI #M HIWJ#YVEWI R XMVEPMSVM HMRGSPS HI TSEVXE
7ER4EQIVE^MS. *IVVEVM IVE YR ZMXIE^, GEVI JGYWI GY RSM HYFPE GEQTERMI HI PE
4EPIWXVMRE #M HI PE :IPPIXVM; PE 4EPIWXVMRE JYWIWI VRMX PE TMGMSV HI S PSZMXYV HI
FEMSRIX, HEV WI ZMRHIGEWI.
1EREVE WTYWI XVSQTIXYPYM W WYRI EHYREVIE; *IVVEVM #M WXVRWI SEQIRMM
#M ZIRM W TVMQIEWG SVHMRIPI GSPSRIPYPYM WY. )P SVHSR W WI R3K FEMSRIXE
R ZVJYP TY#XMM, GIVY W WI WYRI EXEGYP #M WI EZRX. R GPMTE GRH ENYRWI PE
KVMPEN, EHMG PE XVIM WYXI HI QIXVM HI GEW, S KVMRHMR HI KPSER'I WI EFXY
EWYTVE PYM #M E SEQIRMPSV WM.
8SXY#M IP QIVWI REMRXI, GY GETYP R TMITX, RHVITXRHY-WI WTVI ZMP, GEVI
FYFYME #M WGSXIE 4GVM GE YR ZYPGER, TR GI PSGSXIRIRXYP WY 1ERKMEKEPPM,
XVKRHY-P HI TYPTERE LEMRIM, M WXVMK:
'TMXERI! 4M FMRI, GTMXERI, RY ZIHI'M G R-EQ QEM VQEW HIGX RSM
HSM#
*IVVEVM TVMZM RHVX TIRXVY TVMQE SEV: HMRXVI SEQIRMM PYM, HSY^IGM #M
STX HMR STX^IGM ^GIEY PYRKM'M R NYVY-M, QSV'M WEY VRM'M. 'IMPEP'M FXYWIV R
VIXVEKIVI. 1EKMEKEPPM #M IP JGYV PE JIP. 1EREVE IVE JYVMSW G, WYF SGLMM QIM,
VIWXYP GSQTERMIM M TVWMWI TI GIM HSM S3'IVM. )P GLIQ GSQTERME E HSYE,
GSQERHEX HI GTMXERYP )RVMGS (ERHSPS, YR QMPERI^ RSFMP #M FSKEX, HI SVMKMRI
ZIRI'MER, HYT GYQ S MRHMG RYQIPI WY HYGEP. 7XVRWI VIWXYVMPI TVMQIM
GSQTERMM #M WXVMK:
REMRXI, PSQFEV^M! 8VIFYMI W QYVMQ WEY W PYQ RETSM GPHMVIE.
+RHM'M-Z G +EVMFEPHM Z TVMZI#XI.
*IVVEVM JGY WIQR G EVI HI WTYW GIZE.
,EMHI, ZSVFI#XI! ^MWI 1EREVE.
+IRIVEPI, QM ^MWI *IVVEVM, GIIE II S W Z WTYR R-S JEG GY WTIVER'E
HI E QMG#SVE TVMQINHME, GM GY WTIVER'E HI E M^FRHM. )Y GYRSWG PSGYVMPI, ZMY HI
EGSPS, #M E'M Z^YX G EQ #SZMX QEM QYPX W MIW HIGX W MRXVY EGSPS.
%Q HEX HMR GET R WIQR HI ETVSFEVI.
)M, FMRI, MEX GIIE GI Z TVSTYR: R PSG HI E S PYE TI EPII #M HI E
EXEGE JVSRXEP, RI ZSQ WXVIGYVE RHVXYP KEVHYVMPSV HI QMVX, GSQTERME (ERHSPS
PE WXRKE, E QIE PE HVIETXE. 3 TMEXV EVYRGEX HI QMRI GSQTERMIM (ERHSPS M
ZE HE HI #XMVI G SEQIRMM QIM WYRX KEXE; S EPX TMEXV, ^ZVPMX HMR TEVXIE PYM,
ZE 3 VWTYRWYP; EXYRGM GIM STX XVSQTI'M EM RS#XVM ZSV WYRE EXEGYP XS'M R EGIPE#M
XMQT, #M RSM ZSQ HE RZEP PE EWEPX, GLMEV HI TI QEVKMRIE XIVEWIM.
*EGI'M GYQ #XM'M, M-EQ VWTYRW, HEV PYE'M RETSM TVTHMXE EWXE HI
JSVXVIE'.
*IVVEVM TPIG R JVYRXIE GSQTERMIM WEPI. "M (ERHSPS R JVYRXIE GSQTERMIM
PYM. %Q GIVYX W 3I YVQE'M HI GTMXERYP ,S2WXIXXIV #M HI ZVIS GMRGM^IGM HI
WXYHIR'M, RWVGMRE'M W SGYTI GEWE HMR WXRKE HIWTVI GEVI EQ QEM ZSVFMX, #M
GEVI E JSWX GYRSWGYX QEM XV^MY WYF RYQIPI HI 'EWE EVW.
(YT ^IGI QMRYXI, EQ EY^MX XVSQTI'MM #M, ETVSETI RHEX, WGLMQFYP HI
JSGYVM HI EVQ. -EX GI WI TIXVIGIE: 'IPI HSY GSQTERMM, ETVEXI HI KEVHYVMPI
HI QMVX #M HI ZMM, TXVYRWIWIV RXV-EHIZV E#E GYQ RHNHYMWI *IVVEVM, JV W
3I Z^YXI WEY EY^MXI, ENYRKRH GEQ PE TEXVY^IGM HI TE#M HI XIVEW.
%GSPS, WIQREPIPI JYWIWIV WGLMQFEXI, XVSQTIXIPI VWYREWIV, #M ZMXINMM
QIM FIVWEPMIVM S TSVRMWIV 3E EWEPX. (EV, HI TI XIVEW, HMR WEPSRYP QEVI EP
TVMQYPYM IXEN, HI TI WGEVE GMVGYPEV GEVI HYGIE PE IP, HI PE XSEXI JIVIWXVIPI, R
WJV#MX, WI HI^PR'YMWI YR XMV RKVS^MXSV. (ERHSPS JYWIWI VWXYVREX, GY XVYTYP
WXVTYRW HI YR KPSR'; PSGSXIRIRXYP 7]PZE IVE #M IP VRMX RY HITEVXI HI
GTMXERYP *IVVEVM; WYFPSGSXIRIRXYP 1ERGMRM TVMQMWI, ETVSETI WMQYPXER, HSY
KPSER'I, YRYP R JIW, GIPPEPX R FVE'. "M XSXY#M, GSRHY#M HI GTMXERYP *IVVEVM,
(ERHSPS 3MRH YGMW, FIVWEPMIVMM, RXV-S YPXMQ WJSV'EVI, ISRXMRYEV W REMRXI^I;
IWGEPEHEV XIVEWE #M-M VIWTMRWIV TI JVERGI^M TR PE WGEVE GMVGYPEV E ZMPIM.
%GSPS, WJSV'VMPI PSV RGIXEV; M EZIEY TI JVERGI^M R EGIPE#M XMQT #M R
JE' #M R 4ERGYVM; WI XVKIE EWYTVE PSV HI ETVSETI, #M 3IGI KPSR' HHIE TIWXI
GET YR SQ. M ZIHIEQ RZIV#YRRHY-WI #M G^RH ^EHEVRMG; EQ R'IPIW G W-EV
3 PWEX YGM#M TR PE YPXMQYP JV RMGM YR VI^YPXEX. %Q SVHSREX W WI WYRI
VIXVEKIVIE. )Y EZIEQ HSY QMM HI SEQIRM, R ZVIQI GI JVERGI^MM EZIEY
HSY^IGM HI QMM; IY SGYTEQ ZMPE 'SVWMRM GY S GSQTERMI, IM S PYEY RETSM GY YR
VIKMQIRX. 'GM, GE #M QMRI, JVERGI^MM #M HHIEY TIVJIGX HI FMRI WIEQE HI
MQTSVXER'E TS^M'MIM. &IVWEPMIVMM QIM WI RXSEVWIV; PWEWIV TEXVY^IGM HI QSV'M
R KVHMRE ZMPIM; ETVSETI XS'M GIMPEP'M IVEY VRM'M, 8VIFYME W E#XITXQ RSM
XVYTI.
--EQ XVMQMW TI 3VVMKSRM #M TI 9KS &EWWM R SVE#, GY RWVGMREVIE HI E-QM
EHYGI TI SVMGMRI EV 3 RXPRMX; TIRXVY PMRM#XMVIE GSR#XMMR'IM QIPI, ZVSMEQ W JEG
S YPXMQ, S WYTVIQ RGIVGEVI.
--EQ TYW TI SEQIRM PE EHTSWX, RHVXYP ZMPIM :EWGIPPS.
'EQ HYT ZVIS SV, QM-EY WSWMX, EQIWXIGEXI, GSQTERMM HI PMRMI,
WXYHIR'M, ZEQI#M, VIWXYP HI FIVWEPMIVM PSQFEV^M, #M VQ#M'I HMR HMJIVMXI GSVTYVM
HI EVQEX. R QMNPSGYP PSV WI E4E 1EVMRE, GPEVI, GY ZVIS HSY^IGM HI PRGMIVM
TI GEVI QM-M EHYGIE. *YWIWI FERHENEX #M WI RXSVGIE W ME TEVXI PE EG'MYRI.
%XYRGM EQ MI#MX HMR :EWGIPPS GY YR QMG KVYT HI HVEKSRM; PE ZIHIVIE QIE,
WXVMKXIPI HI 8VMEWG -XEPME! M! 8VMEWG 6ITYFPMGE VSQER! M^FYGRMV, XYRYP
FYFYM HI TI ^MHYVM #M KLMYPIPIPI, XVIGRH TI HIEWYTVE GETYPYM RSWXVY, M ZIWXMV
TI JVERGI^M G E RGITYX YR RSY EXEG; #M, GY XS'MM QTVIYR, R HI^SVHMRI,
EQIWXIGE'M 1EVMRE R JVYRXIE PRGMIVMPSV WM, 1EREVE R JVYRXIE FIVWEPMIVMPSV,
IY R JVYRXIE XYXYVSV, RI-EQ RTYWXMX EWYTVE, RY ZSM WTYRI E ZMPIM GY RITYXMR'
HI PYEX, GM GY RITYXMR' HI 'MRYX. %NYR#M PE TSEVX, R-EY TYXYX W MRXVI XS'M;
#YZSMYP WI WGYVWI R HVIETXE #M R WXRKE; GIM GI EY JSWX EWXJIP RHITVXE'M W-EY
VWTRHMX GE XMVEPMSVM TI GIPI HSY PEXYVM EPI GEWIM; EP'MM EY IWGEPEHEX ^MHYVMPI #M-
EY WVMX R KVHMRE ZMPIM; EP'MM, R WJV#MX, EY REMRXEX TR PE ZMPE :EPIRXMRM, EY
PYEX-S #M EY JGYX TVM^SRMIVM.
%GSPS, EQ Z^YX TIXVIGRHY-WI WYF SGLMM QIM YR PYGVY HI RIGVI^YX:
1EVMRE, YVQEX HI PRGMIVMM PYM, WI E4E R JVYRXIE GSPSERIM; RIRJVMGEXYP GPVI'
XVIGY R ^FSV, WXVFXY XIVEWE #M, S HEX ENYRW PE GETXYP WGVMM, HRH TMRXIRM
GEPYPYM, P WMPM W WEV XVITXIPI R KEPST, EWXJIP RIX HYT S GPMT ETVY TI
TEPMIVYP GI HYGIE R WEPSRYP QEVI, EWIQIRIE YRIM WXEXYM IGZIWXVI.
%GIEWX ETSXIS^ RY HYV HIGX YR QMRYX; S WEPZ, HI PE S QMG
HMWXER', P VWXYVR TI GPVI'; GEPYP WI TVFY#M TIWXI IP, WXVTYRW HI RSY
KPSER'I. 1EREVE ZIRIE HMR WTEXI, GSRHYGRH YR EXEG HI FEMSRIX, GVYME
RMQMG RY M-E VI^MWXEX; RXV-S GPMT, ZMPE 'SVWMRM E JSWX E RSEWXV. 'PMTE E JSWX
WGYVX, HEV WYFPMQ. *VERGI^MM, VIYRMRHY-#M XSEXI VI^IVZIPI, EY TSVRMX GY XS'MM
PESPEPX; QEM REMRXI GLMEV HI E 3 TYXYX W WXZMPIWG HI^SVHMRIE GI YVQIE^
RXSXHIEYRE HYT ZMGXSVMI, PYTXE E VIRGITYX #M QEM RHVNMX, #M QEM
WRKIVSEW, #M QEM YGMKXSEVI: M-EQ Z^YX XVIGRH HMR RSY TI PRK QMRI,
VIWTMR#M HI GIPI HSY TYXIVM MVI^MWXMFMPI EPI V^FSMYPYM, 3IVYP #M JSGYP, TI GIM TI
GEVI M Z^YWIQ XVIGRH S GPMTE QEM REMRXI. M HYGIEY TI VRM'M, TVMRXVI GEVI WI
E4E #M ZMXIE^YP GTMXER PPS^EX.
%Q IY WSGSXIPMPI QIPI, QM ^MWI IP XVIGRH TVMR JE'E QIE.
"M QM EVX TMITXYP RWRKIVEX. %Q Z^YX QYPXI PYTXI GYQTPMXI, EQ
Z^YX PYTXIPI RSEWXVI HI PE 6MS-+VERHI, EQ Z^YX-S TI GIE HI PE &S' ZEH, TI
GIE HI PE 7EPXS 7ER-%RXSRMS, HEV R-EQ Z^YX RMQMG EWIQRXSV QGIPYPYM HI
PE ZMPE 'SVWMRM.
%Q MI#MX GIP HMR YVQ, GY TYRGLS-YP GMYVYMX HI KPSER'I, HEV JV S
WMRKYV VER. (YT ^IGI QMRYXI, VIMRXVEQ R :EWGIPPS, R #MVYP HI GEWI GI RI
ETEV'MRIEY, #M JSGYP RGITY HMR RSY HI PE XSEXI JIVIWXVIPI EWYTVE ZMPIM 'SVWMRM.
2Y QEM IVE RMQMG HI JGYX.
'Y XSEXI EGIWXIE, WIEVE, ZVIS WYX HI SEQIRM, GSRHY#M HI )QMPMS
(ERHSPS, JVEXIPI GIPYM YGMW, #M IPI +S2VIHS 1EQIPM, YR XRV TSIX KIRSZI^, GI
TVSQMXIE QYPX, ZIRMV W-QM GIEV W QEM JEG S YPXMQ XIRXEXMZ.
*EGI'M-S, PI-EQ ^MW, FMI'M GSTMM; TSEXI ZI (YQRI^IY Z RHIEQR.
%Y TPIGEX #M W-EY VIRXSVW HYT GI TMIVHYWIV NYQXEXI HMR SEQIRMM PSV.
)QMPMS (ERHSPS EZIE GSETWE WXVTYRW; 1EQIPM IVE VRMX PE KEQF. 7YJIVMWIQ
TMIVHIVM GYQTPMXI. 0IKMYRIE MXEPMER EZIE, QSV'M #M VRM'M, GMRGM WYXI HI SEQIRM
WGS#M HMR PYTX. &IVWEPMIVMM GEVI RY ERKENEWIV R PYTX HIGX #EWI WYXI HI
SEQIRM, EY EZYX S WYX GMRGM^IGM HI QSV'M. 8SEXI GIPIPEPXI TMIVHIVM EY JSWX R
EGIIE#M TVSTSV'MI. (MZM^ME QIE HI TEXVY QMM HI SEQIRM E TMIVHYX R XSXEP S QMI
HI SEQIRM, HMRXVI GEVI S WYX HI S3'IVM. 7IEVE. &IVXERM ', R VETSVXYP PYM, QM-E
RYQVEX S WYX STX^IGM HI S3'IVM VRM'M, EXX PE ZMPE 'SVWMRM, GX #M PE TSEVXE
4STSVYPYM; RYQEM FIVWEPMIVMM EY EZYX HSM S3'IVM YGM#M #M YRWTVI^IGI VRM'M.
33'IVMM YGM#M EY JSWX: GSPSRIPYP (EZIVMS, GSPSRIPYP 1EVMRE, GSPSRIPYP
4SPPMRM, QEMSVYP 6EQSVMRS, EHNYXERXYP-QEMSV 4IVEPXE, PSGSXIRIRXYP &SRRIX,
PSGSXIRIRXYP 'EZEPPIVM, )QERYIPI, WYFPSGSXIRIRXYP +VERM, GTMXERYP (ERHSPS,
PSGSXIRIRXYP 7GEVERM, GTMXERYP (EZMS, PSGSXIRIRXYP "EVIXI, PSGSXIRIRXYP
'E^^ERMKE. R EGIE ^M, W-EY TYXYX ZIHIE EHQMVEFMPI EGXI HI GYVEN, #M HI
HIZSXEQIRX.
0E YPXMQYP EXEG, *IVVEVM #M 1ERKMEKEPPM, GEVI RY TYXYWIV W MRXVI S HEX
GY RSM, W-EY RTYWXMX GY GIM G'MZE SEQIRM GEVI M YVQEY, EWYTVE ZMPIM ZE
PIRXMRM, %GSPS, EY EZYX HI RJVYRXEX GIE QEM Rb HMVNMX VI^MWXIR': W-EY PYTXEX
HI TI S WGEV TI EPXE, HMRXV-S GEQIV RXV-EPX GEQIV, RY RW GY TY#XMPI, GEVI
HIZIRMWIV MRYXMPI, GM GY WEFME. 'IE E PYM 1ERKMEKEPPM WI VYTWIWI R HSY, HEV
E GSRXMRYEX W PSZIEWG GY GMSXYP IM, #M E PSZMX EXX HI FMRI, *IVVEVM JGRH PE
VRHYP WY EGIPE#M PYGVY, RGX EY VQEW WXTRMM ZMPIM :EPIRXMRM.
3 PSZMXYV HI FEMSRIX M WXVTYRWIWI WIVKIRXYPYM-JYVMIV 1SRJVMRM, R
ZVWX HI STXWTVI^IGI ERM, MRRE HVIETX; FMEXYP W-E HYW W WI TERWI^I #M,
HYT S GPMT, W-E RXSVW W-#M VIME PSGYP.
'I GEY'M EMGM# M-E WXVMKEX 1EREVE. 6RMX GYQ I#XM, RY TS'M 3 FYR HI
RMQMG.
: GIV MIVXEVI, HSQRYPI GSPSRIP E VWTYRW 1SRJVMRM HEV WTSVIWG #M IY
RYQVYP. :MXIE^YP XRV E JSWX YGMW. 0SGSXIRIRXYP &VSR^IPPM, E4RH G
SVHSRER'E WE, TIRXVY GEVI EZIE S QEVI EJIG'MYRI QYVMWI PE ZMPE 'SVWMRM, PY
TEXVY SEQIRM LSXV'M, MRXV RSETXIE R ZMP #M PY GEHEZVYP TVMIXIRYPYM WY, TI
GEVI-P RKVST HYT HEXMRE GVI#XMRIEWG. 9R WSPHEX QMPERI^, H'%PPE 0SRKE, P
Z^YWI G^RH, PSZMX HI QSEVXI, TI GETSVEPYP *MSVMRM; EWXE WI RXQTPEWI R
QSQIRXYP R GEVI JYWIWIQ VIWTMR#M. 0SRKE RY ZSME W PEWI XVYTYP TVMIXIRYPYM
WY R QMRMPI JVERGI^MPSV, PP PY HIGM TI QYVMFYRH TI YQIVMM WM. (EM' HYT
HSY^IGM HI TE#M, P PSZM YR KPSR' #M TI IP, #M WI TVFY#M QSVX PRK *MSVMRM.
(YVIVIE PSGSXIRIRXYPYM )QMPMS (ERHSPS E RXVMWXEX RXVIEKE EVQEX. %Q
WTYW G ZIRMWI, QTVIYR GY 1EQIPM, W-QM GIEV ZSMI W QEM HIE YR YPXMQ
EXEG, MEV IY PI ETVSFEWIQ GIVIVIE. (ERHSPS TXVYRWI R ZMPE 'SVWMRM, HEV RY WI
SGYT HIG'X HI WSEVXE JVEXIPYM WY, TI GEVI-P GVIHIE VRMX #M# Y TVM^SRMIV. R
XSMYP JSGYPYM, PI WXVMKE XSZEV#MPSV WM: 2Y P-E'M Z^YX TI JVEXIPI QIY# #M, JV
W-M TIWI HI IP RWY#M, WI ETVSTME HI VRM'M #M HI QSV'M, RXVIFRHY-M TI TVMQMM #M
GIVGIXRHY-M TI GIMPEP'M. -EXRW G TVMQM YR KPSR' R GSETW #M G^Y. 6MHMGEX
HI XSZEV#MM WM, E JSWX HYW PE EQFYPER' #M TERWEX; HYT GI P-EY FERHENEX, E
TYW QRE TI YR FEWXSR GE W WI WTVMNMRI #M, #GLMSTXRH, S TSVRM HMR RSY R
GYXEVIE JVEXIPYM WY. -RXV R GEWE YRHI WI E4E *IVVEVM; XSX EGSPS WI E4E #M
GEHEZVYP PYM )RVMGS (ERHSMS. *IVVEVM, WMQ'MRHY-WI TVIE WPFMX GE W QEM EWMWXI
PE M^FYGRMVIE YRIM HYVIVM GE GIE TI GEVI S TVIWMQ'IE, EVYRG S QERXE TIWXI
QSVX. )QMPMS MRXV, RXVIF, WXVYM; GY XS'MM VWTYRWIV G )RVMGS (ERHSPS
JYWIWI VRMX; G, HYT XSEXI TVSFEFMPMX'MPI, IVE TVM^SRMIV; HEV RMGMYRYP RY ZVY
W-M WTYR G QYVMWI. R WJV#MX, 3MRHG, QEM HIZVIQI WEY QEM XV^MY, )QMPMS
(ERHSPS XSX XVIFYME W E4I #XMVIE JEXEP, FSXVV, GE 1EREVE W-M WTYR XSX. R
QSQIRXYP GRH XRVYP PSGSXIRIRX XVIGY TVMR JE'E YRIME HMR GWY'IPI PYEXI HI
JVERGI^M, 1EREVE M JGY WIQR W MRXVI. 8S'M GIM GEVI WI E4EY R GEQIV MI#MV.
2Y-'M QEM GYXE JVEXIPI, WVQER TVMIXIR, M ^MWI 1EREVE, ETYGRHY-P HI
QR; HI EGYQ REMRXI IY 'M ZSM 3 JVEXI.
)QMPMS WI TVFY#M KVQEH, PE TQRX, XVWRMX QEM GYVRH HI KVSE^RMGE
ZIWXI HIGX HMR TVMGMRE WPFMGMYRMM WYVZIRMXI HI TI YVQE WRKIPYM TMIVHYX #M E
VRMM WEPI HYVIVSEWI. R EGIPE#M XMQT, HSY XMRIVI JIXI WI TSQIRMV HMRXV-S
HEX R JE'E XEXPYM PSV QSVX TI GEVI-P EHYGIEY RM#XI WSPHE'M; YRE HMR IPI G^Y
PI#MREX TIWXI GEHEZVY, MEV GRH WI\ VMHMG WI GSRWXEX G RRIFYRMWI.
3 QEQ, Z^RHY-#M 3YP HRHY-#M WY4IXYP, RY TYXY W ZIVWI RMGM S
PEGVMQ; HEV HYT XVIM ^MPI WI TVTHM #M IE. (MQTSXVMZ, YR XEX, GVYME M ZSM
EWGYRHI RYQIPI WTVI E RY-P I\TYRI YVMM TVIS'MPSV, HYT GI-M G^YWI TVMQYP PYM
JIGMSV #M XVKIE W QSEV, QM-P EHYWI TI EP HSMPIE, R ZVWX HK XVIMWTVI^IGI
ERM, WTYRRHY-QM:
RZE'-P W-#M V^FYRI JVEXIPI!
2MGM WXVFYRYP WY, FXVRYP ,SVE'MY, R-EV 3 JGYX EPXJIP.
<:--- %WIHMYP 8IQRHY-Q HI YR EWEPX TIRXVY E HSYE ^M, P-EQ RWVGMREX
TI +MEGSQS 1IHMGM GY ETVEVIE RXVIKMM RSEWXVI PMRMM REMRXEXI. 'EVI WI
GSQTYRIE EGYQ HMR :EWGIPPS #M HMR XVIM WEY TEXVY7 FEVGM PYEXI RETSM HI PE
JVERGI^M. %TSM QM-EQ TIXVIGYX RSETXIE GE W RI SVKERM^Q QMNPSEGIPI HI
ETVEVI. 2Y QEM IVE ZSVFE HSEV W WEPZQ 6SQE. (MR QSQIRX GI S EVQEX HI
TEXVY^IGM HI QMM HI SEQIRM, XVRH XVIM^IGM #M #EWI HI XYRYVM HI EWIHMY, I
GETEFMP W-#M JEG PYGVVMPI TVIKXMXSEVI, GYGIVMVIE YRYM SMEW RY QEM IWXI
HIGX S GLIWXMYRI HI XMQT. RXV-S ^M WEY EPXE, XVIFYMI W GEH; WMRKYVE
WTIVER' GI-M QEM VQRI IWXI W GEH KPSVMSW.
1M-EQ WXEFMPMX, GLMEV R WIEVE EGIIE, GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP R GEWE 7EZSVIPPM,
GEVI, RP'RHY-WI TI HIEWYTVE QIXIVI^IPSV, HSQMR TSEVXE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS #M
RKHYMI W ZI^M XSX GIIE GI WI TIXVIGI PE :EWGIPPS, R ZMPE 'SVWMRM #M R ZMPE
:EPIRXMRM.
)WXI EHIZVEX G Q E4EQ PE S HMWXER' HI RYQEM NYQXEXI HI FXEMI
HI GEVEFMR HI XMVEPMSVMM JVERGI^M. (EV GMRI RY VMWG, RY G#XMK.
0-EQ RWVGMREX TI YR GVY'E# HI XVIEF W-QM KWIEWG PYGVXSVM #M W
WI SGYTI HI EGIPI TPGIVM QVYRXI GEVI M-EV 3 TYXYX FYGYVE TI SEQIRMM QIM R
XMQTYP SFSWIPMM: YR TELEV HI ZMR WEY YR WXVST HI VEGLMY. )\MWXE TVMRXVI IM YR
FVEZ TEXVMSX GEVI, QEM XV^MY, #M-E TPXMX WGYQT TEXVMSXMWQYP; P GLIQE
'MGIVYEGGLMS HYT TSVIGP, #M %RKIPS &VYRIXXS HYT RYQI. 2-E ZVYX W
TVMQIEWG RMGMSHEX ZVIYR FER, RMGM TIRXVY QYRGE PYM, RMGM TIRXVY GIIE GI RI
JYVRM^E. )\MWX TI PYQIE EWXE SEQIRM R WY4IXYP GVSVE (YQRI^IY WHI#XI S
HS^ QEM QEVI HI TIVJIG'MYRI. R ^MPI HI PMRM#XI, IM #M HEY SFSPYP PE QIVWYP
REMRXI EP SQIRMVMM #M WI WXVHYMIWG W JEGMPMXI^I TVSKVIWYP: EXYRGM IM WI RYQIWG
+YXIRFIVK, :MRGIRX HI 4EYP, +EPMPIS, :MGS, 6SYWWIEY, :SPXE, *MPERKMIVM, *VEROPMR.
R ZVIQI HI RIRSVSGMVI, M ZI^M MZMRHY-WI HISHEX, GSRHYGRH QEWIPI #M
I\TYRRHY-WI GY LSXVVI PSZMXYVMM WSEVXIM TSXVMZRMGI. %XYRGM VIGYRS#XMR'E
SQIRMVMM PI JEGI TSTYPEVI RYQIPI: %VRSPHS HE 1IWGME, 7EZSREVSPE, 'SPE HM
6MIR^S, 1EWERMIPPS, .SWITL HI 0I#M #M 'MGIVEZEGGLMS. %GI#XM SEQIRM WI REWG HI
SFMGIM HMR TXYVE WVEG, HI NSW, HMR EGIEWX TXYV GEVI, R ITSGMPI HI
HI^EWXVY EVI XSXHIEYRE TVMZMPIKMYP WYJIVMR'IM; HEV, KIQRH, IE QIHMXIE^;
ZMWRH, WTIV; WYJIVMRH, QYRGI#XI.
%RKIPS &VYRIXXS, HYT GYQ EQ QEM WTYW-S, IVE YRYP HMRXVI EGI#XME; RY
W-E HEX RETSM HI PE RMQMG TIRXVY QTPMRMVIE QMWMYRMM, RMGM GLMEV HI PE QEVXMVMY.
R XSX XMQTYP EWIHMYPYM 6SQIM, IP E JSWX HVETIPYP ZMY EP TSTSVYPYM. %TPEYHEX,
GYXEX, TVMZMX HI XSZEV#MM WM GE S EYXSVMXEXI, IP IVE EHIZVEXYP TVMQYW MRXIV
TEVIW; HEV, GY XSEXI XVMYQJYVMPI PYM, E VQEW XSXY#M QSHIWX, XVMRH E#E GYQ
XVMWI RXSXHIEYRE; WMRGIV, PIEP, GMRWXMX, IP #M HE XSVE FIP#YKYP HSEV QYRGMM PYM,
EJIG'MYRIE GSRGIX'IRMPSV WM S HEXSVE GMRWXIM WEPI TPMR HI TVMIXIRMI, MEV WXMQE
TETIM RWY#M, GVYME IP M-E EHYW QEVM WIVZMGMM R GE^YVMPI HI V^QIVM', S HEXSVE
GEVMX'MM WEPI JE' HI GIM TYXIVRMGM, S ZMVXYXI HMRXVI GIPI QEM VEVI PE GIM WPEFM,
GRH WYRX GLIQE'M W ME PSGYP GIPSV TYXIVRMGM.
7I RWGYWI PE 6SQE R 1802, R GEVXMIVYP 6MNYXXE. 'YQ IVE QEVI, KVEW #M
VSXSJIM R GSTMPVMI, QEMG-WE M HHYWI TSVIGPE HI 'MGIVYEGGLMS, GIIE GI R
NEVKSRYP TSTSVYPYM VSQER, RWIEQR R4SVMXSV, TPMR HI WRXEXI. 'VIWGRH,
EGIEWX ZMKSEVI JKHYMX HI GSTMP, W-E HI^ZSPXEX PE FVFEX. %GIEWXE IVE HIGM
TSVIGPE TI GEVI &VYRIXXS S VITIXE GIP QEM EHIWIE. R 1849, GRH P-EQ
GYRSWGYX, EZIE S FEVF FPSRH HI XSEX JVYQYWI'IE GI RGITIE W
RGVYR'IEWG, TPIXI PYRKM #M FYGPEXI, KXYP WGYVX #M TPMR, TMITXYP PEX, WXEXYVE
REPX, QIVWYP WMKYV. 2MGMSHEX ZVIYR RIRSVSGMX GEVI E MRXVEX PE IP GY QRE
RXMRW, R-E MI#MX GY QRE KSEP; HI EWIQIRIE RYQIPI WY R-E JSWX Z^YX
RMGMSHEX TI EGIPI PMWXI HI WYFWGVMT'MI HIWXMREXI QEM QYPX W-M KPSVM3GI TI GIM
GI WYFWGVMY HIGX W-M ENYXI TI RIRSVSGM'M.
'RH WI VIZVWE 8MFVYP, JETX HI EPXJIP JSEVXI JVIGZIRX PE 6SQE, IVE
TVMQYP GEVI WI XVERWJSVQE R FEVGEKMY GE W PI HYG LVER #M GYZMRXI HI
QFVFXEVI GSQTEXVMS'MPSV WM M^SPE'M HI ETI. %GIWX ZMXIE^ FVFEX Q EHSVE.
'RH EZIEQ RIZSMI HI PYGVXSVM TIRXVY S3'IVMM HI KIRMY, RY XVIFYME HIGX W-M
JEG YR WIQR: WSWIE GY HSY, GY XVIM, GY TEXVY WYXI HI SEQIRM; M HHIEQ
FSRYVM GXVI QMRMWXIV, HEV IP RY W-E EXMRW RMGMSHEX QGEV HI YRYP WMRKYV. '0E
TPIGEVIE QIE HMR 6SQE, &VYRIXXS Q-E YVQEX GY GIM HSM GSTMM EM WM, E EGSWXEX
QTVIYR GY 9KS &EWWM PE 1IWWSPE, ETSM W-E RHVITXEX GY 3MM WM RXV-S HMVIG'MI
STYW.
0E XMQTYP TSXVMZMX, ZSM TSZIWXM RHSMXYP WY QEVXMVMY GE XEX #M GE
GIX'IER.
0-EQ TSQIRMX HI HSY WEY HI XVIM SVM TI GETIPERYP RSWXVY, 9KS &EWWM.
7-M GSRWEGVEQ GXIZE TEKMRM #M EGIWXYME. )PI #M KWIWG PSGYP R WIEVE #M R
RSETXIE YRIM FXPMM R GEVI QMPE WE TPMR HI HYMS#MI E JSWX TYW PE KVIE
WEVGMR. 4IRXVY VRM'MM RS#XVM, 9KS &EWWM, XRV, JVYQSW, IPSGZIRX, IVE GY
EHIZVEX YR RKIV EM QSV'MM. %ZIE REMZMXEXIE YRYM GSTMP #M XSXSHEX GVIHMR'E
YRYM QEVXMV, #XMMR'E YRYM IVYHMX, GYVENYP PMRM#XMX EP YRYM IVSY.
7I RWGYWI PE 'IRXS, HMRXV-YR XEX FSPSKRI^, HEV, GE #M %RHVIE 'LIRMIV,
HMRXV-S QEQ KVIGSEMG. 4VIRYQIPI WY IVE +MYWITTI; HEV, HIZIRMRH
LEVREF.MX, #M-P PYEWI TI GIP HI 9KS, R EQMRXMVIE, JV RHSMEP, E, TSIXYPYM
RSWXVY TEXVMSX 9KS *SWGSPS.
)VE, E#EHEV, HI VEW PEXMR #M IPIRMG XSXHISHEX, HSY HMR GIPI QEM
JVYQSEWI #M QEM TPGYXI VEWI HMR PYQI. %ZIE TVYP RIKVY #M IVPMSR'EX HI PE
REXYV, SGLMM WXVPYGMXSVM GE WSEVIPI, GRH TSXSPM'M, GRH WGTVXSVM, KYVE
^QFMXSEVI, KXYP PYRK #M EPF, QIQFVIPI WYTPI, HEV TYXIVRMGI, MRMQE
R4GVEX HI KPSVMI #M HI TVMQINHMI, TSVRMVMPI FPRHI #M GMRWXMXI, WTMVMXYP REPX,
GEPH, MYXI, JGYX #M TIRXVY GSRXIQTPVMPI GYGIVRMGI EPI ERELSVIXYPYM, HEV #M
TIRXVY EZRXYVMPI RIWXTRMXI EPI ETSWXSPEXYPYM.
7XYHMMPI M-EY JSWX RY S QYRG ERIZSMSEW, GM S GYGIVMVI. RZ' JSEVXI
VITIHI PMXIVEXYVE, EVXIPI #M, GE S VWJVRKIVI E #XMMR'IM, #XME TI HMREJEV
RXVIKYP TSIQ EP PYM (ERXI. "EWI PYRM M-EY JSWF HI-ENYRW GE W RZI'I KVIGI#XI;
GX HIWTVI PEXMR, S ZSVFIE GE TI PMQFE WE QEXIVR #M JGIE ZIVWYVM R JIPYP
GIPSV EPI PYM ,SVE'MY; WGVME HMR JYKE GSRHIMYPYM, R IRKPI^ #M JVERGI^ #M, GRH
IZIRMQIRXIPI P EHYGIEY R QMNPSGYP PYTXIPSV RSEWXVI, TYVXE RXSXHIEYRE PE IP
TI 7LEOIWTIEVI #M TI &]VSR. 8VEKMGYP IRKPI^ #M TSIXYP GEVI E QYVMX PE
1MWWSPSRKLM M EY^IEY FXMPI MRMQMM WEPI TEXVMSXMGI. 4I PRK EWXE, QEM IVE #M
TMGXSV #M QY^MGMER.
(YT GYQ GVI^YWIQ IY R TETE 4MYW EP -<-PIE, XSX E#E GVI^YWI #M 9KS
&EWWM R IP.
4MYW EP -<-PIE M YVQ PYM +VMKSVI EP <:--PIE, 4MYW EP -<-PIE LSXV EQRMWXME,
4MYW EP -<-PIE JKHYM VIJSVQI, 4MYW EP -<-PIE IVE VMHMGEX R WPZM HI XS'M MXEPMIRMM,
EHQMMEX HI XS'M WXVMRMM, MQMXEX HI GXVI GIMPEP'M TVMRGMTM EM -XEPMIM.
0E 25 QEVXMI 1848, GVYGMEHE TSVRM HMR 6SQE; XSEXI WIQRIPI TVIEY W
TVIZIWXIEWG YRM3GEVIE -XEPMIM. /
(VYQYP E JSWX YR XVMYQJ RIRXVIVYTX. %WTVE VEW PEXMR EPIVKE HI TI GIPI
QEM RHITVXEXI TPEMYVM. :IRIE W E4I #M W HYG QEM HITEVXI ZIWXIE JIVMGMX
G R -XEPME WSWMWI ^MYE RZMIVMM #M G TSTSVYP IM, GY JVYRXIE WGPHEX R WYHSVM #M-
R WRKI, EZIE W 3I, R WJV#MX, PMFIV.
9KS &EWWM WI E4E PE %RGSRE, YRHI TVIHMGE TIRXVY TSWXYP 4E#XIPYM. 4VMQE
PIKMYRI HI ZSPYRXEVM WSWM HIGM EGSPS; 9KS PI ZSVFM, R TME', #M GSQIRXRH
WXEVIE RIRSVSGMX E EVQIPSV #M LEMRIPSV PSV, MHIEPM^ R GYZRXYP WY EZRXEX
QM^IVME XVYTIPSV RSEWXVI HI GEVI HY#QERMM #M FXIEY NSG. (SY ^MPI QEM XV^MY,
WI EPXYV #M IP GVYGMEHIM #M TSVRM PESPEPX GY XS'M GE EP HSMPIE GETIPER EP
ZSPYRXEVMPSV VSQERM.
&EWWM, GE #M TVMIXIRYP WY +EZE^^M, IVE WSGSXMX TVSZMHIR'E EVQEXIM. 2Y
RYQEM G IPSGMR'E PYM XVI/IE R MXEPMIRM HVEKSWXIE TIRXVY -XEPME #M HIZSXEQIRXYP
JE' HI IE, HEV QEM EZIE HEVYP W WGSEX HMR P^MPI GIPI QEM RHVXRMGI
SJVERHI RYQIVSEWI #M FSKEXI. 0E &SPSKRE, IP E JGYX QMRYRM: GIM FSKE'M
HHIEY FERMM GY KVQEHE; JIQIMPI, FMNYXIVMM, GIVGIM, MRIPI. 3 JEX XRV,
RIEZRH RMQMG HI HEX, #M VIXI^ JVYQSEWIPI-M TPIXI #M M PI SJIVM.
%WMWXEWI PE XSEXI PYTXIPI #M PE XSEXI WEGVM3GMMPI RSEWXVI, PE 'SVRYHE, PE
8VIZMWS, PE :IRI'ME.
7SV HI GEVMXEXI, ETSWXSP, WSPHEX RIRJVMGEX, TVIXYXMRHIRM, R PYTXE HI PE
8VIZMWS, YRHI E QYVMX TVMIXIRYP #M GSQTEXVMSXYP WY, KIRIVEPYP +YMHSXXM, &EWWM
#M-E HI^ZPYMX XSEXI ZMVXY'MPI MRMQMM WEPI. 9R KPSR' M-E WJVXIGEX FVE'YP WXRK #M M-
E TVSZSGEX S VER QEVI R TMITX. 4EPMH RG #M WYJIVMRH HI TI YVQE EGIWXIM VRM
HYVIVSEWI, E JSWX Z^YX, R PYTXE HI PE 1IWXVI, GY YR HVETIP R QR, PYRH
TEVXI TVMQYP #M JV EVQI ME EWIHMYP TEPEXYPYM &MERGLMRM.
&EWWM E RXSZV#MX PIKMYRIE MXEPMER R XSEXI TIVIKVMRVMPI IM. 'YZRXYP
WY TYXIVRMG JEWGMRE QEWIPI, #M. (EG (YQRI^IY EV 3 LSXVX YR WSVSG
RIRSVSGMVMPSV -XEPMIM, ZSGIE PYM &EWWM, GE #M GIE E WJRXYPYM &IVREVH, EV 3 GLIQEX
TSTSEVIPI TI GQTYVMPI HI PYTX. (EG -XEPME ENYRKI ZVISHEX W WI YRIEWG,
W-M HIE (YQRI^IY GYZRXYP YRYM 9KS &EWWM! 'RH 6SQE E G^YX, GRH RY-M
QEM VQWIWI HIGX WYVKLMYRYP, JSEQIE, QM^IVME. 9KS R-E #SZMX S GPMT W
Q RXSZV#IEWG. 0-EQ TVMQMX TI GSVEFME QIE 0E ''IWIREXME, #M IP E
QTV'MX GY QMRI YPXMQYP WYVW EP HIWXMRYPYM, WYVWYP PYM HI EHMS!
R EGIEWX GSVEFMI, TI GEVI ERM GSRHYW-S IY RWYQM, WI E4EY %RMXE, 9KS
&EWWM, 'MGIVEZEGGLMS #M GIM HSM 3M EM PYM. %Y QYVMX GY XS'MM, #M R GI JIP!
3, QSV'M W3R'M, ZSM TSZIWXM XYXYVSV QEVXMVMY ZSWXVY!
2YQIPI PYM 9KS &EWWM ZE 3 GYZRXYP HI SVHMRI EP MXEPMIRMPSV R ^MYE
IPMFIVVMM.
(EV Q-EQ PWEX TYVXEX TVIE HITEVXI HI 'MRXE QIE.
7 RI VIRXSEVGIQ HIGM PE EWIHMYP 6SQIM.
R RSETXIE HI 4 MYRMI, R XMQT II EHZIVWEVMM RS#XVM WMQYPEY YR EXEG
EWYTVE TSV'MM 7ER-4ERGVE^MS, W-E WTEX S XVER#II PE XVIM WYXI HI QIXVM HI TME',
#M EY JSWX MRWXEPEXI HSY FEXIVMM HI EWIHMY, YRE PE S WYX HI QIXVM R WTEXIPI
XVER#IMM, GY WGSTYP HI E WXMRKI JSGYP FEWXMSRYPYM RV. 6, MEV EPXE R HVIETXE, IE W
'MR TMITX FEXIVMIM VSQERI HI PE :IWXEGGMS #M HI PE 7ER-%PI\MW. 8VER#IIE WI
WTVMNMR RIE, R HVIETXE, TI RP'MQM GI RY TYXIEY 3 EXEGEXI, MEV R WXRKE TI
ZMPE 4EQ3PM.
RG HMR ^SVM, SVHSREWIQ W 3I GLIQEX 1EREVE #M-P VYKEWIQ W VIRYR'I
PE XMXPYP PYM HI GSPSRIP HI FIVWEPMIVM TIRXVY E TVMQM KVEHYP HI #IJ EP WXEXYPYM QIY
QENSV. M GIVIEQ, #M #XMEQ EWXE, YR QEVI WEGVM3GMY; HEV 1EREVE IVE GIP QEM
TSXVMZMX TIRXVY EGIEWX JYRG'MI. :EPSEVIE PYM TYXIE M HEX HVITX TMPH, IVE
R^IWXVEX GY YR HIWZV#MM GEPQ WY4IXIWG R QMNPSGYP TVMQINHMIM, GY YR SGLM
WMKYV R PYTX; JGYWI HMR FIVWEPMIVMM PYM XVYTI R VRHYP GVSVE HSQRIE GIE QEM
EHQMVEFMP HMWGMTPMR. :SVFIE TEXVY PMQFM; R WJV#MX, RJ'M#EVIE PYM EZIE EGIE
HIQRMXEXI GEVI WI TSXVMZI#XI KVEHIPSV WYTIVMSEVI. 1EREVE TVMQM TVSTYRIVIE
QIE.
6IWXYP WXEXYPYM QENSV WI GSQTYRIE HMR: QEMSVMM 'IRRM #M &YIRS, GTMXERMM
'EVTRM #M (EZMS, HSM JVERGI^M, S3'IVM I\GIPIR'M, 4MPLIW #M 0EZMVSR; GTMXERYP
'IGGEHM GEVI, R XMQTYP WIVZMGMYPYM WY R 7TERME #M R %JVMGE HSFRHMWI GVYGIE
7TERMIM #M GVYGIE 0IKMYRMM HI SRSEVI, 7MPGS #M 7XEKRIXXM, GEVI, PE 4EPIWXVMRE, M-EY
GSQERHEX TI IQMKVE'M, PSGSXIRIRXYP HI GEZEPIVMI +MPM, GYVMIVYP +MER8MY^^M #M, R
WJV#MX, YR QIQFVY EP %HYRVMM, GTMXERYP 'IWWM.
1EREVE SVKERM^ QEM RXM WXEXYP QENSV R MRXIVMSV; XSEX PYQIE ZSME W
VQR GY QMRI, PE ZMPE 7EZSVIPPM; ZMPE EZIE ZIHIVI WTVI GQTMI, #M RY WI
TYXIE TIXVIGI RMQMG GEVI W WGETI SGLMPSV RS#XVM.
)WXI EHIZVEX G EGIEWX HMWXVEG'MI RY IVE PMTWMX HI TVMQINHMI. 'YQ WI
#XME G ZMPE 7EZSVIPPM IVE GEVXMIVYP QIY KIRIVEP, KLMYPIPIPI, SFY^IPI #M
KPSER'IPI, XSEXI QM IVEY HIWXMREXI. 1EM EPIW GRH Q YVGEQ, GE W ZH QEM
FMRI, TI QMGYP FIPZIHIVI GI HSQMRE GEWE, PYGVYP HIZIRIE ETVSETI GMYHEX. 7I
HI^PR'YME S EHIZVEX KVMRHMR HI KPSER'I, #M RMGMSHEX R-EQ QEM EY^MX S
JYVXYR GY EWXJIP HI #YMIVXYVM. 'EWE, ^KYHYMX HI KLMYPIPI, WI GPXMRE GE R
XSMYP YRYM GYXVIQYV HI TQRX. %HIWIE, GE W PI HEY HI PYGVY EVXMPIVM#XMPSV #M
XMVEPMSVMPSV JVERGI^M, GIVIEQ W QM WI WIVZIEWG TVR^YP TI EGIWX QMG
FIPZIHIVI, GEVI RY IVE ETVEX HIGX HI YR TEVETIX HI PIQR. %XYRGM EZIEQ, Z
EWMKYV, S QY^MG GI Q WGYXIE W-S QEM WSPMGMX TI GIE E VIKMQIRXYPYM.
% JSWX RW GY QYPX QEM VY EXYRGM GRH RY QEM #XMY GI KPYQI' HITPEWEX,
HI PE WXEXYP-QENSV, W-E HMWXVEX EVFSVRH TI TEVEXVWRIXYP GI HSQMRE QMGE
XIVEW, YR HVETIP, TI GEVI IVEY WGVMWI, GY PMXIVI KVSEWI, EGIWXI GYZMRXI: &YR
^MYE, GEVHMREPI 3YHMRSX!
R E TEXVE WEY E GMRGIE ^M HI GRH PI XSX SJIVMWIQ XMVEPMSVMMSV #M
EVXMPIVM#XMPSV JVERGI^M EGIEWX HMWXVEG'MI, KIRIVEPYP %ZI^^ERE E ZIRMX W Q
ZEH #M, FKRH HI WIEQ G JIVIWXVIPI WEPSRYPYM RY WI E4EY PE S RP'MQI
GSVIWTYR^XSEVI, Q-E RXVIFEX HEG RY GYQZE EZIEQ ZVIYR PSG QEM VMHMGEX HI
YRHI W TSEX TVMZM WTVI GQT. 0-EQ GSRHYW TI FIPZIHIVIPI QIY. (IWMKYV G
JVERGI^MM EY ZVYX W 3I PE RP'MQI, GGM, HI-EFME EQ WSWMX EGSPS, G E #M RGITYX
QY^MGE.
+IRIVEPYP E TVMZMX JSEVXI GEPQ EZERTSWXYVMPI MREQMGI, ETSM E GSFSVX
JV W ^MG RMQMG.
% HSYE ^M QM-EQ KWMX FIPZIHIVIPI FPMRHEX GY WEGM HI TQRX. %Q
RXVIFEX GMRI HHY EGIWX SVHMR.
1MRMWXVYP HI V^FSM, QM W-E VWTYRW.
2Y I\MWXE RMGM YR QMNPSG HI E GSRXVE^MGI YR SVHMR EP QMRMWXVYPYM HI V^FSM.
%GIEWX XYVFEX RHVNMVI E EVXMPIVM#XMPSV JVERGI^M HI E-QM GMYVYM FMIXYP
QIY GEVXMIV-KIRIVEP GY KLMYPIPI, GY KPSER'I #M GY SFY^I, HHIE PSG YRISVM
GLMEV PE WGIRI HMWXVEGXMZI.
RXV-S ^M, GVIH G R 6 WEY 7 MYRMI, TVMIXIRYP QIY :IGGLM, EGXSV #M XSXSHEX
MWXSVMG EP HVEQIM TI GEVI S VITVI^IRXQ, E ZIRMX TI PE SVE GMRGM W Q ZEH;
3MRHG EZIEQ PYQI PE QEW, GIVYWIQ ZW QM WI XVMQMX HI PE 6SQE S GMR
KEXE TVIKXMX, RXV-S GYXMI HI XEFP. 'YQ EQ FKEX HI WIEQ G EWTIGXYP
QIRMYPYM RSWXVY P MWTMXIE TI :IGGLM, M-EQ TVSTYW W-P QTEVX GY RSM.
+IRIVEPYP %ZI^^ERE #M 'SRWXERXMRS 6MXE IVEY #M IM HI JE'. 2I-EQ E#I^EX HIGM
NSW, TI TQRX, R KVHMR. +LMYPIPIPI ^KYHYMEY EXX HI XEVI GEWE, RGX, GE W
TYXIQ QRGE TI S QEW GE PYQIE RI-EV 3 XVIFYMX YRYP HMR EGIPI ETEVEXI GEVI
WI 3\IE^ TI QIWIPI ZEWIPSV, R ^MPIPI HI JYVXYR TI QEVI. R XSMYP GMRIM, PE YR
QIXVY HI RSM, G^Y S FSQF. 8SEX PYQIE S PY PE WRXSEWE; :IGGLM JY KEXE
W JEG PE JIP GE GIMPEP'M, HEV IY P 'MRYM ^HVEZR HI QR; IVE HSEV QIQFVY EP
%HYRVMM.
7IREXSV VSQER, M-EQ ^MW V^RH, VQM TI WGEYRYP GYVYP!
&SQFE I\TPSH E#E GYQ IVE #M HI E#XITXEX, EHMG R TEVXIE STYW GIPIM
R GEVI RI E4EQ; RI-EQ EPIW HSEV GY RITPGIVIE HI E 3 EGSTIVM'M HI TVEJ EXX
RSM GX #M GMRE RSEWXV.
:IGGLM JGYWI FMRI TVS3XRH HI QEWE TI GEVI M-S SJIVMWIQ, GGM RY TVIE
QRGEQ R XSEXI ^MPIPI. 9RISVM ENYXSVMM HI FYGXEV EM VIWXEYVERXYPYM RSWXVY.
RWTMQRXE'M HI ^KSQSXYP QSVXMIVIPSV JVERGI^I, HI XMVYP ZRXSVMPSV HI PE
:MRGIRRIW #M QEM EPIW HI GEHEZVIPI TI GEVI PI RXPRIEQ R GEPI, WI STVIEY
HMR HVYQ, RIRHV^RMRH W QIEVK QEM HITEVXI; EXYRGM TVMQYP ZIRMX TYRIE
QRE TI SWT'YP RSWXVY #M #M-P RWY#IE. RXV-S ^M. 9R WSPHEX HI-EP QIY, GY
RYQIPI HI 'EWERSZE, QM TVIKXM PE SVE XVIM HMQMRIE'E RM#XI QEGEVSERI.
4EXVY^IGM #M STX HI SVI RY XVMWIQ HIGX GY GXI S GIE#G HI GEJIE GY PETXI #M
GY HSY WEY XVIM WXMGPI HI FIVI.
(I EPXJIP, PYM :IGGLM M WI RXQTPEY QIVIY T'ERMM HI JIPYP GIPIM TI GEVI
EQ TSZIWXMX-S. RXV-S EPX ^M. 'RH ZIRM W-QM HIE VETSVXYP HI HSY ^MPI IVE
HI KEVH, HITEVXI, XSGQEM TI ZME 'SWXEFMPM, E#E WI RYQIE YRE HMR GWY'IPI TI
GEVI PI EZIEQ R QTVINYVMQMPI ZMPIM 'SVWMRM Q KWM PE QEW, QRGRH. (I
HEXE EWXE HSQRMM EVXMPIVM#XM EZYWIWIV FYRXEXIE W-QM EGSVHI YR QMG VKE^.
(MREMRXIE QIE WI E4E YR VMWSXS HMR GIPI QEM KYWXSEWI. --EQ JGYX PSG PYM
:IGGLM PRK QMRI #M P-EQ TSJXMX W QTV'MQ GMRE. (EV, GRH W WI E#I^I PE
QEW, 1EREVE P STVM.
2Y JEGI EWXE, :IGGLM, M ^MWI IP. (I XVIM ^MPI R #MV S3'IVMM TSJXM'M HI
KIRIVEP PE QEW EY JSWX SQSV'M JV E QEM EZIE ZVIQI W-#M JEG HMKIWXME.
RXV-EHIZV, (EZMS, 6S^EX #M 4ERM^^M JYWIWIV YGM#M R GSRHM'MMPI EVXEXI HI
1EREVE. (EV EVSQE VMWSXS-YYM E JSWX QEM TYXIVRMG HIGX STVIPM#XIE PYM
1EREVE.
*SEVXI FMRI! VWTYRWI :IGGLM. %WXE WI TSXVMZI#XI' HI QMRYRI GY
TVI^MGIVIE' GEVI QM W-E JGYX.
'I TVI^MGIVI# RXVIF 1EREVE.
R GSTMPVMI, S 'MKERG QM-E JGYX LSVSWGSTYP. 1M-E TVI^MW G S W QSV
PE 6SQE, 3E ZVWXE GI. 8VIM^IGM #M #EWI HI ERM #M JSEVXI FSKEX. R 3838, RXV-S
GPXSVMI TI SEVI EQ JGYX-S TI NSW HI PE 2IETSPI PE 7EPIVRS, R ETVSTMIVI HI
7EVRS, EQ JYKVMX TI YR GQT GY FYQFEG, S 'MKERG HI STXWTVI^IGI ERM,
GVIME ZSMEQ GY XSX HMREHMRWYP W-M WVYX SGLMM JVYQS#M. )E W-E ETVEX GY GY'MXYP
IY M-EQ STYW EVQIM WEPI SJIRWMZI, YRE HIJIRWMZ: YR WGYH RSY-RSY'. 0YRH
WGYHYP, IE QM-E ETYGEX QRE #M QM-E TVIZIWXMX G ZSM QYVM PE 6SQE, PE ZVWXE
HI XVIM^IGM #M #EWI HI ERM #M JSEVXI FSKEX. 7YRX R EP XVIM^IGM #M #EWIPIE ER EP
ZMI'MM: JV W 3Y JSEVXI FSKEX, WYRX XSXY#M HIWXYP HI FSKEX TIRXVY YR SQ GEVI
YVQIE^ W QSEV. (EV WYRX JEXEPMWX GE YR QELSQIHER. 'I. &M-I WGVMW, R
JVYRXI 'M-I TYW. (IGM HE'M-QM VMWSXS-YP, HSQRYPI KIRIVEP.
%Q VW HI TSZIWXIE PYM :IGGLM. (EV 1EREVE VQEWI WIVMSW #M ^MWI:
8SXY#M, :IGGLM, R-EQ W 3Y PMRM#XMX HIGX PE WJV#MXYP ^MPIM. %TSM,
RXSVGRHY-WI WTVI QMRI: 4IRXVY RYQIPI PYM (YQRI^IY, HSQRYPI KIRIVEP, ^MWI
IP, W RY-P XVMQMXI'M RMGMIVM EWX^M.
%WXE M #M GSRZIRIE PYM :IGGLM GEVI IVE JVRX HI SFSWIEP, GGM WXXYWI HI
ZIKLI RSY RST'M PE VRH, #M, HYT GMR, Q-E GIVYX W-M RKHYM W WI 'VIXVEK,
WTVI E WI SHMLRM TY'MR.
'YPG-XI R TEXYP QIY, HEG ZVIM, ^MWI 1EREVE, 3I G ZSVFIE WIVMSW,
3I G-#M GSRXMRYE KPYQE. 4IRXVY RYQIPI PYM (YQRI^IY, XI VSK W RY MI#M EJEV!
:IGGLM WI EVYRG TI TEXYP PYM 1EREVE.
(YT S SV, M-EQ Z^YX TI S3'IVMM JVERGI^M E#I^RHY-#M KEFMSERIPI R
XVER#IIE WTEX R JE'E FEWXMSRYPYM RSWXVY. %Q GYXEX R NYVYP QIY YR S3'IV GE
W RHVITX QTSXVMZE PSV JSGYP YRIM HY^MRM HI XMVEPMSVM. 2Y #XMY YRHI XVMQMWIWIQ
XSEX PYQIE, HEV IVEQ WMRKYV.
1-EQ KRHMX PE FMIXYP :IGGLM, GEVI HSVQIE GY TYQRMM WXVR#M. %ZIEQ HI
KRH W-P XVI^IWG, HEV KLMYPIPIPI JGIEY YR ^KSQSX RKVS^MXSV. 0-EQ XVEW HI YR
TMGMSV; E HIWGLMW SGLMM.
,EMHI, M-EQ ^MW, HSVQM HI HSY^IGM #M TEXVY HI SVI, RY QEM EM HI GI W
XI XIQM HI TVI^MGIVIE PYM 1EREVE. -E S HY^MR HMR GIM QEM FYRM XMVEPMSVM #M
GYV'-QM HIEPYP HI EGI#XM ZSMRMGM.
:IGGLM, GEVI IWXI JSEVXI GYVENSW, RY E#XITX W WI WTYR HI HSY SVM.
0Y HSMWTVI^IGI FIVWEPMIVM ZSPYRXEVM #M WI EWGYRWI GY IM RHVXYP YRIM
FEVMGEHI KEFMSREXI TI GEVI S VMHMGEWI, GY ENYXSVYP KIRM#XMPSV, YR SEVIGEVI
EKLMSXERX RYQMX 4S/^MS. (I EGSPS, IP RHVITX YR JSG EXX HI YGMKXSV EWYTVE
JVERGI^MPSV, RGX EGI#XME EY RGITYX W VWTYRH GY KLMYPIPI HI XYR PE
KPSER'IPI PYM WEY QEM HIKVEF ME GIPI EPI FIVWEPMIVM PSV. (YT S NYQXEXI HI
GIEW, EY ZIRMX W-QM WTYR:
"XM'M, HSQRYPI KIRIVEP, FMIXYP :IGGLM E JSWX YGMW!
%Q WMQ'MX YR GY'MX R MRMQ. )VEQ ZMRSZEX HI QSEVXIE PYM, #M-QM JGIEQ
EWTVI QYWXVVM. (EV, HYT YR EPX GIEW, WTVI QEVIE QIE FYGYVMI, P-EQ Z^YX
RXSVGRHY-WI.
%L! -E XI YMX! M-EQ ^MW. 0EW-Q W XI QFV'M#I^, '. 8I GVIHIEQ QSVX!
%Q JSWX HSEV RKVSTEX, QM. 6WTYRWI IP;
'YQ#
QM TSZIWXM GYQ S KLMYPIE VYTWIWI YR WEG HI TQRX, GEVI WI VIZVWEWI
TIWXI IP; GYQ R EGIIE#M GPMT, EGIP WEG GY TQRX KSPMRHY-WI, GIMPEP'M #M
TMIVHYWIV IGLMPMFVYP #M ZVIS ^IGI WEY HSMWTVI^IGI WEGM G^YWIV KVQEH
TIWXI IP RKVSTRHY-P HI-E FMRIPIE. (EV WI RXQTP YR EPX PYGVY #M QEM
RISFM#RYMX HIGX TVIWYTYWE QSEVXI E PYM :IGGLM. %GIIE#M KLMYPIE GEVI P
RKVSTEWI TI IP PSZMWI YR ^MH #M, VMGS#RH, ^HVSFMWI #EPIPI YRYM WSPHEX XRV.
7SPHEXYP, E#I^EX TI S XEVK, #M RGVYGM#EWI QMRMPI TI TMITX, VMHMGEWI SGLMM PE
GIV #M-#M HHYWI YPXMQE WY4EVI. 8SGQEM WI TVIKXIEY W-P HYG PE EQFYPER',
GRH YR S3'IV WI EVYRG HIEWYTVE GEHEZVYPYM #M-P EGSTIVM GY WVYXVM.
%GIWX S3'IV IVE 4S^^MS. 8RVYP WSPHEX RY IVE EPXYP HIGX 'SPSQFE
%RXSRMIXXM, WS'ME PYM, GEVI, QFVGEX EWXJIP, #M YVQEWI FVFEXYP PE :IPPIXVM #M
PYTXEWI EPXYVM HI IP PE 3 MYRMI. RXQTPEVIE QM EQMRXM HI FMEXE QIE %RMXE,
GEVI, #M IE, IVE XSX EXX HI GEPQ R XSMYP JSGYPYM, #M TI GEVI, HI ZSMI HI RIZSMI,
S PWEWIQ PE 6MIXM. )VE RWVGMREX #M, R RYQIPI GSTMPYPYM TI GEVI P TYVXE R
TRXIGI, S LSXVWIQ, HI#M GY KVIY, W WI HIWTEVX HI QMRI.
R ^MYE HI 7, W-E RGLIMEX HI EQFIPI TV'M YR EVQMWXM'MY; IVE WVFXSEVIE
>MPIM (SQRYPYM. R 9 EQ SVHSREX S QEVI MI#MVI WTVI E RXVIVYTI PYGVVMPI
REMRXEXI EPI JVERGI^MPSV, PYGVVM GEVI WI TVIPYRKIEY WTVI EP HSMPIE FEWXMSR HMR
WXRKE. 0E EGIEWX STIVE'MI EY JSWX GLIQE'M ZEQI#MM #M YR FEXEPMSR HMR
VIKMQIRXYP 5. R EGIP QSQIRX FIVWEPMIVMM JGIEY HI WIVZMGMY PE GWY'I R
WXRKE WXV^MM :MWIPPME, #M IVEY HI TE^ PE FEWXMSERI.
'TMXERYP 6S^EX, EGIPE#M TI GEVI P PYEWIV HI PE ZMPE 'SVWMRM #M GEVI,
XVIGRH TI PRK QMRI, QM WXVMKEWI: (SQRYPI KIRIVEP, EQ IY WSGSXIPMPI
QIPI! GTMXERYP 6S^EX, ^MG, RY TVMQMWI HIGX YR KPSRXI RII\TPSHEX GEVI M WI
STVMWI RXV-S GSEWX. (I#M, PE HVITX ZSVFMRH, GSRXY^ME IVE HIWXYP HI WIVMSEW
TIRXVY GE W VQR PE TEX, IP WI WGYPEWI GLMEV E XVIME ^M #M, R ^MYE EGIIE,
ZSMWI GY SVMGI TVI' W ME GSQERHE GSQTERMIM 4, HIWXMREX FEWXMSRYPYM EP
HSMPIE. :^RH G TE^E HMR XVER#II M LV'YME TI EWIHMEXSVM, 6S^EX PY S
GEVEFMR #M, GYQ IVE YR I\GIPIRX XVKXSV, XVEWI ZVIS GMRGMWTVI^IGI JSGYVM HI
EVQ, HMRXVI GEVI QEM QYPX HI NYQXEXI #M RMQIVMV 'MRXE. 3EQIRMM WM EXEGEY,
MEV IP XVKIE. 4VMGITIVIE PYM XVI^M VMZEPMXEXIE GXSVZE ZRXSVM HMR %JVMGE, GEVI
RGITYV W-M VWTYRH GY JSG HYT JSG. 9R TVMQ KPSRXI M ^FYV TPVME; EXYRGM
IP, VMHMGRH-S, S 4YXYV R EIV, WXVMKRH:
8VMEWG -XEPME!
(EV GLMEV R EGIP QSQIRX, YR KPSR' M RXME R KYV #M MI#MRHY-M TVMR GIEJ,
TYWI GETX EGIWXYM WXVMKX. (YT HSY ^MPI HI EKSRMI, WI WJV#M.
R ^MYE HI 10 MYRMI, EQ TVMQMX S R#XMMR'EVI HI PE KIRIVEPYP 6SWIPPM G
XVIFYMI W TVIMEY GSQERHE YRIM QEVM MI#MVM, PE GEVI TEVXMGMT NYQXEXI HMR
EVQEXE VSQER. %GIEWX MI#MVI XVIFYME W EMF PSG TVMR TSEVXE 'EZEPPIKMIVM #M
EZIE HVITX WGST W ME RETSM 3I ZMPE 4EQ3PM, 3I ZMPE :EPIRXMRM.
R GSRWIGMR', QMRMWXVYP HI V^FSM %ZI^^ERE QM-E RGVIHMR'EX GSQERHE
PMRMIM 7ER-4ERGVE^MS #M, GY PIKMYRIE MXEPMER #M GY VIKMQIRXYP HI FIVWEPMIVM, Q-
EQ HYW R TME'E :EXMGERYPYM, YRHI GSVTYP HIWXMREX EGIWXIM MQTSVXERXI
STIVE'MYRM XVIFYME W 3I GSQTPIXEX GY VIKMQIRXIPI 4EWWM #M 1E#M, TVIGYQ #M GY
PIKMYRIE TSPSRI^. %Q XVIGYX GPEVI TI HMREMRXIE 3IGVYM GSVT, M-EQ GLIQEX
TI GSQERHER'M PE VETSVX #M PI-EQ GSQYRMGEX WGSTYP QMWMYRMM #M JIPYP GYQ
R'IPIKIEQ IY EXEGYP. %Q JGYX ETSM W GMVGYPI GYZRXYP HI SVHMRI, W WI
HMWXVMFYMI QYRM'MMPI, TVIKXMRH XSXYP TIRXVY SVE EVXEX, R ZVIQI II WSPHE'MM,
GY SGLMM E'MRXM'M PE PYR, S PYEY R ^I4IQIE #M S SGVEY TIRXVY RGIXMRIEPE GY
GEVI WI QM#GE. 7TVI E IZMXE YRE HMR EGIPI KVI#IPM RSGXYVRI EXX HI SFM#RYMXI R
EWXJIP HI I\TIHM'MM, GRH, PYRHY-M TI TVMIXIRM HVITX HY#QERM RGIT W XVEK
YRMM EWYTVE EPXSVE, PI-EQ SVHSREX WSPHE 'MPSV W-#M TYR GQ#MPI TIWXI
YRMJSVQ. %GIEWX QERIZV E TVSHYW S QEVI ZIWIPMI TVMRXVI WSPHE'M, HMR
TVMGMRE WXVMM R GEVI WI E4E PE QYP'M HMRXVI IM QFVGQMRXIE HI GSVT HMR GEVI
IY GYXI^EQ W JEG YR ZI#VRRX I\XIVMSV.
0E SVE ^IGI WIEVE W-E HIWGLMW TSEVXE, #M PIKMYRIE - TSPSRI^, GSQERHEX
HI ,S2WXIXXIV, GEVI E PWEX YR I\GIPIRX NYVREP EP EWIHMYPYM 6SQIM, E MI#MX GE
EZERKEVH; HYT IE ZIRIE PIKMYRIE MXEPMER R JVYRXIE GVIME WI E4E GSPSRIPYP
1EREVE. %GIEWXE, PE VRHYP IM IVE YVQEX HI VIKMQIRXIPI HI FIVWEPMIVM 4EWWM #M
1E#M. 1E#M GSQERHE EVMIVKEVHE.
(I RHEX GI Q-EQ E4EX TI GQT, QM-EQ HEX WIEQE G EQ TVSGIHEX
KVI#MX SVHSRRH WSPHE'MPSV W-#M TYR GQ#MPI TIWXI YRMJSVQI. 3EQIRMM RS#XVM
WI ZIHIEY IE R TPMR ^M; R-EV 3 ETYGEX W JEG RMGM S WYX HI TE#M, #M JVERGI^MM
EV 3 FKEX HI WIEQ G WYRX EXEGE'M HI S EVQEX HI RPYGM. %Q SVHSREX HIGM
W-#M WGSEX GQ#MPI. 7I R'IPIKI HI PE WMRI G RMGM YR WSPHEX RY #M-E HEX
SWXIRIEPE W #M-S TYR PE PSG, EGSPS HI YRHI #M-S WGSWIWI.
'PVIEQ R 4ERGYP PIKMYRMM MXEPMIRI, GRH RM#XI SWXE#M GEVI HYGIEY S
WGEV, XVIGRH TI PRK S ZMP, EY ZVYX W WI EWMKYVI HEG RXV-EHIZV IVE
TVWMX, E#E HYT GYQ TVIE. "M-EY WTVMNMRMX HIGM WGEVE HI S JIVIEWXV HI PE
TVMQYP IXEN. 6IKMQIRXYP W-E STVMX W ZEH VI^YPXEXYP MRZIWXMKE'MIM, PWRH
EZERKEVHE W-#M GSRXMRYI HVYQYP. 'MRGM WEY #EWI SEQIRM WI YVGEV TI WGEV.
(ISHEX, YRYP EPYRIG WYF TMGMSEVIPI GIPYM GEVI IVE GSGS'EX R ZVJ G^Y TIWXI
EP HSMPIE, EP HSMPIE TIWXI EP XVIMPIE, #M XS'M, GY YR ^KSQSX RWTMQRXXSV, WI
TVZPMV GY WIEVE GY XSX PE TQRX.
R GHIVI, WI HIWGVGEX HSY TY#XM.
%ZERKEVHE, GSQERHEX HI ,S2WXIXXIV #M HI 7EGGPMM, HSM HMR GIM QEM FVEZM
S3'IVM EM QIM, WI GVI^Y WYVTVMRW HI GXVI JVERGI^MM TI GEVI WI HYGIE W-M
WYVTVMRH. 3 WTEMQ GYQTPMX TYWI WXTRMVI TI WSPHE'MM GEVI WI HIWTV'MV HI
,S2WXIXXIV #M HI 7EGGLM; EGI#XME, VQRRH HSEV GY ZVIS HSY^IGM 9I SEQIRM
WI RTYWXMV WTVI RSM RXV-S KSER RIFYR, HRH TIWXI GET, R GMSGRMVI, XSX GI
RXPYMV R GEPI. 1EREVE RGIVG W-M STVIEWG, HEV R ^EHEV. 1 EVYRGEM R
QMNPSGYP PSV #M-M PSZM, M^FMRH R HVIETXE #M-R WXRKE, GY FMGMYP QIY HI KEYGLS.
(IKIEFE, PSZMXYVMPI RY JSPSWMV PE RMQMG, #M WYRX RGVIHMR'EX G XS'M ZSMRMGMM QIM
EV 3 VIMRXVEX R EGIIE#M KSER XYVFEX R /SQE, HEG FIVWEPMIVMM, R JVYRXIE
GVSVE IVEY HSM #I3 HI FEXEPMSR #M GTMXERYP *IVVEVM, RY PI-EV 3 XMEX GEPIE GY
FEMSRIXE.
(YT ^KSQSXYP TVSHYW HI XSEX EGIEWX RGMIVEVI, RY QEM IVE HI
TVIWYTYW GE JVERGI^MM W RY WI 3 EPEVQEX. % XVIFYMX HIGM W WI VIRYR'I PE
EG'MYRI. 'X HIWTVI QMRI, SFSWMWIQ W XSX PSZIWG R EGI#XM XMGPS#M E#E G Q-
EQ RXSVW WTYRRHY-M PYM 1EREVE:
(VEK TVMIXIRI, EQ JGYX KVI#IEPE G RY M-EQ TYW TI FVEZMM FIVWEPMIVM
GE EZERKEVH.
RXV-EHIZV, FIVWEPMIVMM, IVEY SEQIRM QMRYRE'M, HI GEVI 1EREVE XVIFYME
W 3I #M IVE TI FYR HVITXEXI QRHVY. 'RH M GIVIEQ GXI YR HIXE#EQIRX HI
WSPHE'M HI EM PYM, 1EREVE SFM#RYME W WTYR:
,EMHI'M, TEXVY^IGM HI SEQIRM ZSPYRXEVM TIRXVY S I\TIHM'MI HMRXVI GEVI
YR WJIVX ZSV 3 SQSV'M, #M YR-WJIVX VRM'M.
"M, GY XSX EGIWX TVSRSWXMG, PE S EWIQIRIE GIVIVI WI RJ'M#E XSX
VIKMQIRXYP E#E RGX WTVI E RY-M JEGI TI YRMM KIPS#M, XVIFYME W WI XVEK PE
WSV'M.
R ^MYE HI 12, PE EQME^, YR FEXEPMSR HMR VIKMQIRXYP 9RMYRMM RGITY W
XVYHIEWG PE IJIGXYEVIE YRIM PYGVVM TVIKXMXSEVI R ZME HMR WXRKE WXV^MM
:MXIPPME, GRH MEX G JVERGI^MM RGIVGEV W-M QTMIHMGI R QYRGE PSV. RHEX
QEMSVMM 0ER^M #M 4ERM^^M SVHSREV QYRGMXSVMPSV, EHMG GSVTYPYM HI KEVH, W ME
EVQIPI #M, GY S XIQIVMXEXI HI RIGVI^YX, WI EVYRGEV EWYTVE TEVETIXYPYM
XVER#IMM JVERGI^I. %Y JSWX RXQTMRE'M HI YR JSG XIVMFMP. 4ERM^^M G^Y PSZMX HI
QSEVXI. 4MIXVS 0ER^M TVIPY GSQERHE FSPSKRI^MPSV WM, HEV RXV-S GPMT EZY
EGIIE#M WSEVX GE #M XSZEV#YP PYM, #M WI TVFY#M PSZMX PE FVE' #M R TMITX. 8SXY#M,
GIMPEP'M, GSRHY#M HI S3'IVYP 1IPSRM, 'MRIEY RG XIVIRYP, RITYXMRGMS#M W QEM
GSRXMRYI EXEGYP, HEV WXVMKRH HMR VWTYXIVM: 8VMEWG -XEPME! #M HRHY-PI EWXJIP
GYVEN XSZEV#MPSV PSV. R ^MYE EGIIE, VIKMQIRXYP 9RMYRMM PYTX GY YR GYVEN
EHQMVEFMP: GE W RY-#M TMEVH XMQTYP RGVGRHY-#M QIVIY EVQIPI, IM PSZIEY
GRH GY FEMSRIXE, GRH GY TEXYP TY#XMM. %P'MM, EWIQIRIE PYM %ME\ #M (MSQIHI
HMR -PMEHE, R#JGEY TMIXVI HI TI HVYQ #M PI E^ZVPIEY R EHZIVWEVMM PSV.
RZIV#YREVIE IVE EXX HI GYQTPMX, RGX GTMXERYP TSPSRI^ :IVR, GEVI
EZIE TI TMITX QEM QYPXI GVYGM, #M, TVMRXVI IPI #M TI GIE E 0IKMYRMM HI SRSEVI
G#XMKEX R %JVMGE, WXRH R TMGMSEVI TI FEVMGEH #M PSZMRHY-WI TIWXI TMITX GY
TEPQE, WXVMKE:
%MGM, EMGM, XVEKI'M EMGM, R GVYGIE 0IKMYRMM HI SRSEVI!
9R KPSR' P PSZM R GET.
1EM NSW, WXVMK IP, QEM NSW, RIKLMSFMPSV!
P EXMRWI #M YR EP HSMPIE KPSR'; JY WGSW VITIHI HMR RZPQ#IEP. 7-E
VIRXSVW #M, QEM XV^MY, E TPIGEX W QSEV R +VIGME.
%WMWXEQ, HI TI FIPZIHIVIPI QIY, PE EGIEWX MWTVEZ. (I#M ^KVGMX GY
IPSKMMPI GIM GI Q GYRSWG QM ZSV HE HVITXEXI EQ WSGSXMX HI HEXSVME QIE W
JEG YR VETSVX KYZIVRQRXYPYM.
R ^MYE HI 14 QEM, HMQMRIE', GIP TY'MR E#E GVIH
7GVMY JV RMGM YR TYRGX HI VITIV #M TSX W Q R#IP EWYTVE HEXIM
PYEQ QEWE PE ZMPE 7TEHE, RXV-S GEQIV HI PE IXENYP EP XVIMPIE, GY 7EGGLM,
&YIRS #M 'SVGIPPM; IVEQ GY XS'MM RYQEM R GQE#, IY, SEVIGYQ RKVMNSVEX, GGM
P GSRHEQREWIQ PE QSEVXI TI YRYP HMR S3'IVMM RS#XVM, YR RETSPMXER GEVI,
GYTVMRW HI KVSE^, #M TVWMWI RSETXIE TSWXYP, GRH HISHEX EY^MVQ TE#M
KVFM'M TI GSVMHSV. 9#E WI HIWGLMWI, MEV IY WGSWIM YR WXVMKX: IVE %RMXE, GEVI
ZIRIE PE QMRI, GSRHYW HI 3VVMKSRM. 'IM HI JE', VIGYRSWGRHY-QM WS'ME, #M
QFVGEV LEMRIPI #M RI PWEV WMRKYVM.
"XM'M GY GI W-E HMWXVEX WS'ME HYQRIEZSEWXV, ZIRMRH HMR WXVEHE HIPPE
'SVVM^^M, EMGM, HSQRYPI KIRIVEP# Q RXVIF 3VVMKSRM.
2Y. 'Y GI#
7-E STVMX HI-E PYRKYP WXV^MM 7ER-4MIXVS, R 1SRXSVMS, GE W WI YMXI PE
FEXIVME JVERGI^. 4VMZM'M GSPFYP GEVI RI EGSTIV TI EQRHSM: I HEXSVMX
KLMYPIPIPSV GEVI EY M^FMX R ^MH. "M GRH M-EQ WTYW: ,EMHI'M S HEX, HEV LEMHI'M
S HEX, HSEQR 1 ) MRYXMP W Z PWE'M YGMW EMGM, HRWE QM-E VWTYRW: (VEKYP
QIY, GYQ KWI#XM G XVEXIE^ JVERGI^MM GE RM#XI GEXSPMGM GI WYRX, FMWIVMGMPI#
7GYQTE %RMXE! 3 WXVRKIEQ PE TMITX. 1M WI TVIE G HI-EGYQ XSXYP
EZIE W WI TIXVIEG HYT HSVMR'E QIE. RKIVYP QIY FYR WI RXSVWIWI PRK
QMRI.
QQ %Q VIKVIXEX G R-EQ TYXYX W-M RHITPMRIWG %RMXIM TVMQE VYKQMRXI
TI GEVI QM-E JGYX-S, EGIIE E KVE'MIVMM S3'IVYPYM RETSPMXER; HEV XVIFYME HEX YR
I\IQTPY. 2Y-P TYXIEQ VWTPXM TI 1IHMGM TIRXVY EHQMVEFMPE PYM GSQTSVXEVI HI
PE :EWGIPPS; E XVIFYMX W-M HEY PE#YPYM S TIHIETW TIRXVY PE#MXEXIE. 7E. % JSWX
QTY#GEX.
<-< 7YVTVM^E 0E 13 MYRMI, JVERGI^MM EY RGITYX YR FSQFEVHEQIRX XIVMFMP.
"ETXI FEXIVMM, WGYMTRH RIRGIXEX JSG, EXEGEY GY XYRYP TEVXIE HVIETX E GIPYM
HI EP XVIMPIE FEWXMSR HMR WXRKE, GYVXMRE1 #M TEVXIE WXRK E GIPYM HI EP HSMPIE
FEWXMSR. 'IMPEP'M WI SGYTEY RHISWIFM HI ZMPE 7TEHE #M HI ZMPE 7EZSVIPPM,
GEVXEQIRMR'E R 3IGI GPMT W RI GEH R GET, EWXJIP RGX, WTVI QEVIPI QIY
VIKVIX, Q-EQ Z^YX WMPMX, R ^MYE HI 20, W-QM QYX GEVXMIVYP KIRIVEP R TEPEXYP
'SVWMRM.
)VE GY RITYXMR' W VQR RW EGSPS; Q E4EQ TVIE HITEVXI HI ^MHYVM.
7SGSXIEQ, IWXI EHIZVEX, G TSX.3 PMRM#XMX. %XE GEX, ^M HI ^M. 1IHMGM, TI
GEVI RSM P RYQIEQ RISFSWMXYP, VIWTMRKIE EXEGYVMPI #M-#M TWXVE :EW GIPPS #M
GWY'IPI PYM. 7TVI GMRWXIE WE, R-E# TYXI WTYRI G #XMY GYQ E M^FYXMX W JEG
EGIWX PYGVM ' '8IVQIR. 8ILRMG QMPMXEV M ^MH GE. I YRI#XI HSY FEWXMSERI ZIGMRI.
0E 20 MYRMI, JYV JGYXI XVIM WTVXYVM HI GEVI HY#QERYP WI TYXIE JSPSWM,
R GMYHE XYXYVSV WJSV'VMPSV QIPI #M EPI PYM 1EREVE TIRXVY E RI QTSXVMZM
IJIGXYPYM TVSMIGXMPIPSV. (I EPXJIP, EWEPXYP IVE TIRXVY QMRI S WVFXSEVI. 'IM TI
GEVI M EZIEQ R JE'E RSEWXV IVEY EHZIVWEVM HIQRM HI RSM. 0I EVXEWIQ G
MXEPMIRMM #XMEY W WI FEX. 2HNHYMEQ W PI EVX EGYQ GI RWIEQR S PYTX GY
GY'MXYP #M GY TYQREPYP.
R WIEVE HI 21 MYRMI, IVEY HI KEVH PE FEWXMSRYP HMR WXRKE #M PE
ETVEVIE WTVXYVMM, EP HSMPIE FEXEPMSR EP 9RMYRMM TVIGYQ #M HSY GSQTERMM HMR V
VIKMQIRXYP 1 GEVI XVIFYMEY W 3I WGLMQFEXI. )PI #M TVIPYRKMV XSXY#M WIVZMGMYP
TR PE ^MY, WTVI S QEM FYR ETVEVI E FEWXMSRYPYM EP XVIMPIE HMR WXRKE.
4VMQE #M E GMRGIE GSQTERMI E FIVWEPMIVMPSV IVEY HI WIVZMGMY PE :EWGIPPS;
E #EWIE #M E #ETXIE, HI 4 KEVH R ETVSTMIVI, WTVI WXRKE, HMRGSPS HI TSEVXE
7ER-4ERGVE^MS HI YRHI RGITIEY W WI R#MVI WIRXMRIPIPI RSEWXVI, WTVI
HVIETXE, TR PE ^MHYVMPI GEWIM #M PE G'MZE TE#M HI XVER#IIE JVERGI^.
%GIWX WIVZMGMY IVE GYQTPMX HI TVMQINHMSW. 2Y WI JGIE HIGX RSETXIE #M,
GY TY'MR REMRXI HI ^MY, XSEXI TSWXYVMPI IVEY VIXVEWI, MEV KEVHE HI RSETXI
VIMRXVE RXVI ^MHYVM.
1EMSVYP 'EPZERHVS EZIE R WEVGMR. 7YTVEZI KLIVGE I\XIVMSEV E EGIWXIM
PMRMM; GSPSRIPYP 6SWWM, WIVZMGMYP HI VSRH MRXIVMSV.
(YT GI #M VRHYMWI XSEXI EZERTSWXYVMPI, QEMSVYP RGITY W HIE
MRWXVYG'MYRM GTMXERMPSV "XEQFMS #M 1SVERHSPM GRH, WTVI SVE YRWTVI^IGI
RSETXIE, YR ERYQMX ^KSQSX, TEVG HI ^MH WTEVX, WI EY^M HMRWTVI FEWXMSERIPI 2
#M 3. (YT EGIWX ^KSQSX VWYREV GXIZE QTY#GXYVM #M XSXYP WI GYJYRH MEV R
RSETXI #M R XGIVI. 'I WI RXQTPEWI#
7I RXQTPEWI G JVERGI^MM WI RJ'M#EWIV HISHEX HMREMRXIE WTVXYVMM,
RY GE YR HY#QER GI TSVRI#XI PE EWEPX, GM GE RM#XI WSPHE'M GEVI WGLMQF S
KEVH. (I YRHI MI#IEY# 4I YRHI ZIRMWIV# 'I HVYQ PYEWIV# RXVIFVM PE GEVI
E JSWX GY RITYXMR' HI VWTYRW. 1YP'M EY FRYMX S XVHEVI.
7IRXMRIPE, MRXIVSKEX, E VWTYRW G JVERGI^MM MI#MWIV HMR TQRX #M-M
SVHSREWIV W JYK.
R EGIIE#M RSETXI, R GMYHE YRIM VI^MWXIR'I IRIVKMGI, FEWXMSRYP RV. 7 #M
GYVXMRE GI-P PIKE HI FEWXMSRYP RV. 6 EY G^YX R QMRMPI JVERGI^MPSV HYT S PYTX
WRKIVSEW.
'LMEV R ^MYE TVIGIHIRX IY QM QYXEWIQ GEVXMIVYP. +IRIVEP HI PE ZMPE
7EZSVIPPM PE TEPEXYP 'SVWMRM. %TVSETI MQIHMEX HYT EGIEWX RXQTPEVI, EQ JSWX
TVIZIRMX HI EHNYXERXYP-QEMSV (IPEM, HMR VIKMQIRXYP 9RMYRMM. 1VXYVMWIWG G EQ
VQEW RQVQYVMX #M G EQ JSWX TVMRXVI TVMQMM GEVI W-EY VEPMEX PE TVIVIE GIPSV
GEVI GVIHIEY RXV-S XVHEVI.
9VQEX HI 1EREVE #M HI GTMXERYP ,S2WXIXXIV, EQ ENYRW PE PSGYP EGIPE
XSGQEM R QSQIRXYP GRH FIVWEPMIVMM, XSXHIEYRE XVINM #M XSXHIEYRE KEXE, WI #M
WXVRWIWIV TI WXVEHE GI HYGI PE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS.
0IKMYRIE MXEPMER, TVIZIRMX, Q YVQE R TEW EPIVKXSV; ZIRIEY ETSM
HSY GSLSVXI EPI GSPSRIPYPYM 7EGGLM.
7EGGLM XVMQMWI RHEX S GSQTERMI WTVI E VIGYRSE#XI PSGYVMPI; HEV, ENYRW
PE EP HSMPIE FEWXMSR, IE E JSWX WMPMX, HEX 3MRH RYQVYP JVERGI^MPSV, W WI VIXVEK
R GEWE +EPPMGIPPM, "XMVIE KVSE^RMG WI #M VWTRHMWI TVMR SVE#; XVMYQZMVEXYP,
TVIZIRMX, TYWI W WI WYRI EPEVQE. 0E EGIWX ^KSQSX, 3IGEVI GEW TEVG #M-EV 3
EPYRKEX PSGYMXSVMM; RXV-S GPMT, WXV^MPI WI YQTPYV HI PYQI.
+IRIVEPYP-GSQERHERX 6SWIPPM, QMRMWXVYP HI V^FSM, RXVIK WXEXYP-QENSV #M
RWY#M 1EVMRM EPIVKEV TI +MERMGSPS. 4STSVYP REVQEX RI RGSRNYVE #M GIVIE W-M
EPYRKQ TI JVERGI^M HI TI ^MHYVM. +IRIVEPYP 6SWIPPM #M QMRMWXVYP HI V^FSM
QTVX#IEY EGIEWX TVIVI; HEV IY Q-EQ HIGPEVEX QTSXVMZE IM.
1 XIQIEQ HI GSRJY^ME TI GEVI EV TVSHYGI-S, R VRHYVMPI RSEWXVI.
XSEX EGIEWX QYP'MQI, HI HI^SVHMRIE QM#GVMPSV, TERMG EXX HI SFM#RYMX
RSETXIE PE SEQIRMM RISFM#RYM'M GY JSGYP, #M, HYT GYQ GSRWXEXEWIQ R RSETXIE
HI 10, GLMEV PE SEQIRMM GEVI WYRX SFM#RYM'M GY IP.
%Q GIVYX HIGM GY LSXVVI W E#XITXQ TR HMQMRIE'E.
(MQMRIE'E EQ 3 TYXYX ZIHIE GY GI HY#QER EZIEQ HI-E JEGI, GLMEV
HEG IIWX HY#QER EV 3 JSWX RW#M XVHEVIE.
'RH W-E PYQMREX HI ^MY, HMZM^ME QIE IVE KEXE, RXVMX GY VIKMQIRXIPI
TI GEVI KIRIVEPYP 6SWIPPM QM PI TYWIWI PE HMWTS^M'MI.
'SQTERME WXYHIR'MPSV PSQFEV^M, GEVI JGIE TEVXI HMR PIKMYRIE 1IHMGM,
EPGXYME EZERKEVHE, RW#M PIKMYRIE 1IHMGM TVMQMWI SVHMRYP W QM WI EPXYVI.
8YRYM'MPI FEXIVMMPSV RSEWXVI, RHVITXEXI WTVI FEWXMSERIPI SGYTEXI,
FYFYMEY XSXSHEX HI PE "ER-4MIXVS R 1SRXSVMS, HI PE FEWXMSRYP 8 #M HI PE
7ER%PI\MW.
7XYHIR'MM PSQFEV^M TSVRMV TVMQMM PE EWEPX. (I#M XVWRM'M HI JSGYP
JVERGI^MPSV, IM WI EVYRGEV GY FEMSRIXE EWYTVE RYQIVSEWIM KV^M #M EWYTVE
PYGVXSVMPSV, TI GEVI M WMPMV W WI WXVRK R GEWE &EVFIVMRM. :MXINMM XMRIVM WI #M
E4EY TI XIVEWE GEWIM: Z^YWIQ RW GEQ GY GI JSV'I EZIEQ HI-E JEGI. 1M-EQ
HEX WIEQE G YR EP HSMPIE 3 MYRMI QM-V 3 VTMX NYQXEXI HMR EGI#XM FVFE'M TI
GEVI M MYFIEQ GE TI GSTMMM QIM. 2Y QEM XVKIEQ RMGM S RHINHI W-M EPYRK TI
JVERGI^M HI TI TS^M'ME PSV; YVQE W GSQERH YR QGIP MRYXMP.
6SQE IVE TMIVHYX, HEV IVE TMIVHYX HYT S ETVEVI QMRYREX,
WTPIRHMH. 'HIVIE 6SQIM HYT YR EWIQIRIE EWIHMY RWIQRE XVMYQJYP
HIQSGVE'MIM R XSEX )YVSTE.
%TSM QM JGIEQ TPERYP W TWXVI^ TEXVY WEY GMRGM QMM HI ETVXSVM
HIZSXE'M GEVI Q GYRS#XIEY, TI GEVI M GYRS#XIEQ #M GEVI EV 3 VWTYRW PE
TVMQE QIE GLIQEVI. 1
%Q HEX SVHMRYP HI VIXVEKIVI, JKHYMRH TIRXVY SVE GMRGM WIEVE. 9R EPX
EWEPX, TI GEVI R-EZIEQ HI KRH W-P HEY, GE #M TI TVMQYP HI EPXJIP.
7XYHIR'MM W-EY GSQTSVXEX EHQMVEFMP. 2Y ZSM HE HIGX YR I\IQTPY.
9R TMGXSV, QMPERI^YP .YHYRS, E JSWX WXVTYRW HI HSY^IGM #M #ETXI HI
PSZMXYVM HI FEMSRIX. &IVXERM P-E WEPZEX, #M EWX^M IP WI WMQXI EHQMVEFMP.
(I EPXJIP, TIRXVY QMRI, XSXYP IVE TMIVHYX, GIP TY'MR TIRXVY GXZE XMQT, RY
HMR GPMTE R GEVI JVERGI^MM WI JGYWIV WXTRM TI WTVXYVMPI RSEWXVI, GM HMR
GPMTE R GEVI TEVXMHYP GI WYW'MRIE 6ITYFPMGE VSQER R GSRWXMXYERXE JVERGI^
JY RZMRW.
4VIWYTYRRH G, WEGVM3GRH S QMI HI ZMXINM, M-E# JX EPYRKEX TI JVERGI^M
HI TI TS^M'MMPI PSV, E#E GYQ M EPYRKEWIQ PE 3 MYRMI HI TI TS^M'MMPI HMR ZMPE
'SVWMRM #M HMR ZMPE :EPIRXMRM, GE #M PE 3 MYRMI IM EV 3 PYEX RETSM, GY ENYXSVYP E RSM
JSV'I, XSEXI TS^M'MMPI HI YRHI M EPYRKEWIQ.
(I EWX HEX, RY EZIEQ EGIPIE#M QSXMZI GE W Q RGT'RI^.
* 'EQTERME HMR 1859 #M I\TIHM'ME HMR 7MGMPME HSZIHIWG G +EVMFEPHM EZIE
HVITXEXI (%P. (YQEW).
:MPE 'SVWMRM, S HEX R TYXIVIE RSEWXV, QTMIHMGE PYGVVMPI TVIKXMXSEVI
EWIHMYPYM. (EV, S HEX PYGVVMPI I\IGYXEXI #M WTVXYVMPI JGYXI, GMRI QEM TYXIE
W QTMIHMGI GHIVIE 6SQIM# 2MQIRM.
1EM REMRXI HI E E4E HI JYKE PYM 0IHVY-6SPPMR #M E TVMIXIRMPSV WM R
%RKPME, 3IGEVI ^M GY GEVI TVIPYRKIEQ I\MWXIR'E 6SQIM IVE S ^M HI WTIVER'.
(YT EGIEWX ZIWXI, VI^MWXIR'E RY QEM JY HIGX S HMWTIVEVI MRYXMP. %Q
GSRWMHIVEX-E#EHEV G VSQERMM JGYWIV HIWXYP R JE'E PYQMM WTVI E RY QEM 3
RIZSMI W VIGYVK PE HMWTIVEVI.
4YXIVMPI GSEPM^EXI RGLMWIWIV 6ITYFPMGE VSQER, EHMG XSEX
HIQSGVE'ME TIRMRWYPIM, RXVI ZIGLMPI ^MHYVM EPI PYM %YVIPMER.
2Y RI QEM VQRIE EPXGIZE HI JGYX HIGX W WJVQQ RGIVGYMVIE #M
W TYVXQ V^FSMYP, GE 7GMTMS, R 'EVXEKMRE.
'EVXEKMRE RSEWXV IVE 2IETSPYP.
RXV-S ^M, RI ZSQ E4E EGSPS JE' R JE', RHNHYMIWG, HIWTSXMWQYP #M GY
QMRI.
(IMI (SQRYP GE EGIEWX ^M W WI ETVSTMI!
<< 7JV#MXYP )VEQ WYVTVMR#M, HEV RY RG RZMR#M.
0E HSY WYXI HI TE#M RHVXYP ^MHYVMPSV WI RP'E ERXMGE MRGMRX
%YVIPMER. %Q SVHSREX W 3I JSVXM3GEX GX QEM FMRI GY TYXMR'. 6IRYR'EWIQ
PE MHIIE YRYM EWEPX; HEV ZSMEQ XSXY#M W ETV XIVIRYP TEW GY TEW.
FEXIVMI HI #ETXI XYRYVM E JSWX E#I^EX TI FEWXMSRYP RV. 5 #M TYW,
HEXSVMX PYGVVMPSV RSEWXVI, PE EHTSWX HI JSGYP JVERGI^MPSV.
)E RGITY W XVEK R ^MYE HI 23 HMW-HI-HMQMRIE' #M, WIGSRHEX HI
FEXIVME 7ER-%PI\MW #M HI GIE HI PE 7ER-4MIXVS R 1SRXSVMS, #M RGVYGM#E R E#E
JIP JSGYVMPI HIEWYTVE FVI#IM, RGX JVERGI^MM EY JSWX WMPM'M W-#M TVWIEWG
PYGVVMPI. 7GSTYP KILM#XMPSV JVERGI^M IVE GE, S HEX WXTRM TI WTVXYVE JGYX
R ^MH, W MRWXEPI^I RHEX, TI GYVXMRIPI (#M 7, S FEXIVMI HI XYRYVM. 7EVGMRE QIE
IVE W QTMIHMG EGIEWX MRWXEPEVI.
(I EMGM, WJSV'VMPI HI RIGVI^YX EPI JVERGI^MPSV, H-' E ^HVSFM QTSXVMZMVIE
RSEWXV RZIV#YREX. R RSETXIE HI 23, JVERGI^MM #M E#I^EV, R WJV#MX, FEXIVME.
R HMQMRIE'E HI 24, ^HVSFM'M HI XYRYVMPI RSEWXVI, IM EY JSWX WMPM'M W-#M RGLMH
HIWGLM^XYVMPI HMR ^MH TI YRHI #M EVYRGEY TVSMIGXMPIPI. 7-EY KXRHMX EXYRGM W
E#I^I HSY RSM FEXIVMM TI FEWXMSERIPI 6 #M 7, HI YRHI TYXIEY W HMWXVYK
FEXIVME HI PE 7ER-4MIXVS R 1SRXSVMS, ETVEX HI PIKMYRIE QIE.
R E#XITXEVI, KIRIVEPYP 3YHMRSX, WTVI E-#M HSZIHM, E#E GYQ E3VQEWI R
FYPIXMRIPI WEPI, GYPXYP TI GEVI-P EZIE TIRXVY SVE#YP QSRYQIRXEP, R ^MYE HI
EVYRGE FSQFI EWYTVE XYXYVSV GEVXMIVIPSV. +IRIVEPYP JSPSWIE EGIWX QMNPSG HI
XIVSEVI RHISWIFM R XMQTYP RST'MM. 1YPXI FSQFI EY G^YX R GEVXMIVYP
8VERWXIZIVI, QYPXI TI 'ETMXSPMY, GXIZE TI 5YMVMREP, R TME'E 7TERMIM, TI
'SVWS. 9RE HMR EGIWXI FSQFI E G^YX HIEWYTVE XIQTPYPYM R GEVI WI E4
,IVGYPI EP PYM 'EREZE; HEV GYTSPE E VI^MWXEX. %PXE E I\TPSHEX R TEPEXYP 7TEHE
#M E EZEVMEX JVIWGE %YVSVE HI +YMHS 6IRM1. 3 EPXE, #M QEM RIPIKMYMX, E ^HVSFMX
GETMXIPYP YRIM GSPSERI HMR QMRYREXYP XIQTPY EP *SVXYRIM ZMVMPI, S GETSHSTIV
VIWTIGXEX HI WIGSPI.
8VMYQZMVEXYP E SJIVMX E^MP R TEPEXYP 'SVWMRM JEQMPMMPSV HMR TSTSV EPI GVSV
GEWI JYWIWIV HMWXVYWI.
4YVXEVIE TSTSVYPYM VSQER R EGIWXI ^MPI HI RGIVGVM E JSWX HIQR HI
XMQTYVMPI ERXMGI. (I#M YVQVMXI HI KVMRHMRE HI TVSMIGXMPI GI PI HMWXVYKIE
EGSTIVM#YVMPI GEWIPSV, QEQIPI JYKIEY R XSMYP RST'MM, GY GSTMMM WXVR#M PE TMITX;
HI#M Z^HYLYP VWYRE HI 'MTIXI #M HI ZEMIXI, RMGM YR KPEW R-E TSQIRMX GYZMR! YP
TVIHEVI.
R XSMYP XYXYVSV EGIWXSV 'MTIXI, WI VMHMGE, HMR XMQT R XMQT, GXI YR WXVMKX
FEXNSGSVMXSV SVM HI GXI SVM ZVIS KLMYPIE WEY ZVIYR SFY^ RVYME S TEVXI HMR
GEW:
&MVMIGYZRVXEVIE TETIM!
8MVYP QMRYREX EP XYRYVMPSV RSEWXVI, HMR ^MPIPI HI 25, 26 #M 27 MYRMI, E
JGYX W EQY'IEWG FEXIVMMPI MRWXEPEXI HI JVERGI^M TI GYVXMRE #M TI FEWXMSERIPI
SGYTEXI. (EV HSY FEXIVMM JVERGI^I, YRE E#I^EX TI FEWXMSRYP RV. 6 #M GIEPEPX
R EJEVE ^MHYVMPSV, EY HIWGLMW JSGYP QTSXVMZE FEXIVMMPSV RSEWXVI HI. E 7ERXE
7EFMRE #M HI PE 7ER-%PI\MW. 4I PRK EWXE, EPXI HSY FEXIVMM E#I^EXI, YRE TI
GYVXMR #M GIEPEPX TI FEWXMSRYP RYQVYP 7, EY HIWGLMW PE VRHYP PSV JSGYP
QTSXVMZE FEXIVMIM RSEWXVI HI PE 7ER-4MIXVS R 1SRXSVMS.
3 E GMRGIE FEXIVMI VI^IVZEX FVI#IPSV R ^MH, E#I^EX PE TMGMSEVIPI
FEWXMSRYPYM RYQVYP 7 #M, TVMR YVQEVI, PE EHTSWX HI JSGYP RSWXVY, #M-P HIWGLMWI
+YMHS 6IRM (1575-1642),. 4MGXSV MXEPMER RWGYX PE &IPSKRE, EYXSVYP %YVSVIM,
6TMVIE )PIRIM IXG.
TI-EM IM R 4ERGYP FEWXMSRYPYM RYQVYP 8. 3 E #EWIE FEXIVMI, E#I^EX
HMREMRXIE FMWIVMGMM 7ER-4ERGM'E^MS, PSZIE FEWXMSRYP RV. 8 #M GEVXMIVYP QIY
KIRIVEP, ZMPE 7EZSVIPPM. R WJV#MX, S E #ETXIE FEXIVMI, WMXYEX R JE'E ZMPIM
'SVWMRM, E FYFYMX HISHEX QTVS#GRH GYTSPE 7ER 4ERGVE^MS, ZMPE 7EZSVIPPM #M
^MHYP %YVI PMER.
2-EQ Z^YX RMGMSHEX S EWIQIRIE JYVXYR HI 4GVM, S EWIQIRIE
KVMRHMR HI QMXVEPMM. &MIXIPI RSEWXVI XYRYVM IVEY RXVYGXZE WYJSGEXI.
"M XSXY#M, RY TSX W WTYR EPXGIZE, WTVI PEYHE PYM 1IHMGM, HIGX HSEV G
:EWGIPPS #M GWY'IPI PYM IVEY RG SGYTEXI. 7MRKYV EWIHMYP PYM :EWGIPPS EV QIVMXE
W-#M EMF YR MWXSVMG.
R WIEVE HI 28, FEXIVMMPI JVERGI^I EY TVYX W WI SHMLRIEWG S GPMT #M
W-#M XVEK WY4IXYP. (EV, R ^MYE HI 29, IPI EY VIRGITYX W XVEK GY S RSY
JYVMI.
6SQE IVE GYTVMRW HI S QEVI JVQRXEVI. >MYE HI 27 JYWIWI KVSE^RMG,
TMIVHIVMPI RSEWXVI JYWIWIV ETVSETI IKEPI GY GIPI HMR 3 MYRMI. 7XV^MPI IVEY
EGSTIVMXI HI SEQIRM QYXMPE'M. 0YGVXSVMM HI-EFME PYEY R QR PSTEXE WEY
GE^QEYE, G #M IVEY XME'M R HSY HI KLMYPIPI WEY QYXMPE'M HI SFY^I. 8S'M
EVXMPIVM#XMM RS#XVM, EFWSPYX XS'M, R'IPIKI'M, JYWIWIV SQSV'M PE XYRYVMPI PSV.
7IVZMGMYP HI EVXMPIVMI IVE RHITPMRMX HI WSPHE'MM HI PMRMI. 8SEX KEVHE RE'MSREP
WI E4E WYF EVQI. )\MWXE, PYGVY RIQEMTSQIRMX, S VI^IVZ EPGXYMX HMR VRM'M
GEVI, WRKIVRH HMR FIP#YK, #M JGIEY HEXSVME. "M, R ZVIQIE EWXE, RXV-YR
EHQMVEFMP GSRXVEWX, GEPQ #M MQTEWMFMP, %HYREVIE, R TIVQERIR' TI 'ETMXSPMY
HIPMFIVE WYF KLMYPIPI #M KPSER'I.
%XX XMQT GX XYRYVMPI RSEWXVI EY JSWX R WXEVI W XVEK, EY XVEW HMR
VWTYXIVM.
(EV, R WIEVE ^MPIM HI 29 E JSWX HMWXVYW #M YPXMQYP XYR.
*SGYP RSWXVY E RGIXEX.
7TVXYVE JGYX R FEWXMSRYP 8 IVE TVEGXMGEFMP. >MHYP TSV'MM 7ER-
4ERGVE^MS #M FEWXMSRYP 9 WI TVFY#MV.
2SETXIE HI 29 GSFSVM, E#EHEV, EWYTVE 6SQIM EWIQIRIE YRYM PMR'SPMY.
'E W QTMIHMGI VITEVEVIE WTVXYVMPSV HMR ^MHYP RSWXVY, EVXMPIVME JVERGI^
FYFYM XSEX RSETXIE. % JSWX S RSETXI RKVS^MXSEVI. *YVXYRE GIVYPYM WI YRM GY
GIE E TQRXYPYM. 8YRIXYP FYFYME, JYPKIVYP WI RGVYGM#E GY FSQFIPI; XVWRXIXYP
S^Y R HSY WEY XVIM PSGYVM, TEVG WTVI E EVXE G SVE#YP IWXI WEGVY.
'Y XSEX WVFXSEVIE 7JRXYPYM 4IXVY, GIPI HSY EVQEXI #M GSRXMRYEWIV
PYTXE TI ZME' #M TI QSEVXI.
<E ZIRMVIE RST'MM, HISEVIGI WI E#XITXE YR EXEG R FI^R, XSX SVE#YP E
JSWX MPYQMREX, XSX, TR #M QEVIE, GYTSP E :EXMGERYPYM.
(I EPXJIP, EGIWXE IVE SFMGIMYP PE 6SQE, R WIEVE WVFXSVMM 7JRXYPYM
4IXVY. 'IP GEVI R EGIEWX WIEV #M-EV 3 E'MRXMX TVMZMVIE EWYTVE GIX'MM IXIVRI, EV
3 Z^YX YRYP HMR EGIPI WTIGXEGSPI TI GEVI SGLMYP SQIRIWG RY-P GSRXIQTP
HIGX S HEX R HIGYVWYP WIGSPIPSV.
0E TMGMSEVIPI WEPI, IP EV 3 Z^YX RXMR^RHY-WI S ZEPI RIWJV#MX TPMR HI
FMWIVMGM #M HI TEPEXI, XMEXE R HSY. (I #IVTYMVMPI 8MFVYPYM, GEVI TVIE YR
*PIKIXSR; PE WXRKE, YR QYRXI, 'ETMXSPMYP, TI. 8YVRYP GVYME JPJME R ZRX
HVETIPYP 6ITYFPMGMM; R HVIETXE, WMPYIXE RXYRIGEX E PYM 1SRXI-1EVMS, YRHI,
HMQTSXVMZ, JPJMEY, PESPEPX, HVETIPIPI JVERGI^MPSV #M EPI TETMM; R JYRH GYTSPE
PYM 1MGLIPERKIPS, RP'RHY-WI RGYRYREX XSEX HI PYQMR R QMNPSGYP RSVMPSV;
R WJV#MX, HVITX GEHVY EP XEFPSYPYM, +MERGSPS #M XSEX PMRME HI PE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS,
MPYQMREX #M IE, HEV HI JYPKIVYP XYRYVMPSV #M EP QYWGLIXIPSV.
%TSM, EPXYVM HI XSEXI EWXIE, GIZE QEM QVI' HIGX RJVYRXEVIE QEXIVMIM:
PYTXE HMRXVI FMRI #M VY, HMRXVI (YQRI^IY #M 7EXERE, HMRXVI %LVMQER #M 5VQY^;
PYTXE WYZIVERMX'MM TSTSVYPYM QTSXVMZE HVITXYPYM HMZMR, E PMFIVX'MM QTSXVMZE
HIWTSXMWQYPYM, E VIPMKMIM PYM 'VMWXSW QTSXVMZE VIPMKMIM TETMPSV.
0E QMI^YP RST'MM, GIVYP WI RWIRMR, XYRIXYP #M XYRYVMPI EQY'MV #M XGIVIE
WI E#XIVRY HYT ZYMIXYP HI MEH; S XGIVI R XMQTYP GVIME JVERGI^MM WI ETVSTMEY
XSX QEM QYPX HI ^MHYVM #M TYRIEY WXTRMVI TI YPXMQE FVI# JGYX R FEWXMSRYP
8.
0E SVE HSY HMQMRIE'; WI EY^MV XVIM PSZMXYVM HI XYR, XVEWI PE MRXIVZEPI
IKEPI. 7IRXMRIPI HHYV EPEVQE, XVSQTIXIPI WYREV.
&IVWEPMIVMM, QIVIY KEXE, QIVIY RISFSWM'M, MI#MV HMR ZMPE 7TEHE #M
EPIVKEV PE TSEVXE 7ER-4ERGVE^MS, PWRH HSY GSQTERMM HI VI^IVZ GE W
T^IEWG ZMPE 7TEHE. -RXVEV TR PE KIRYRGLM R TQRXYP HIWJYRHEX. %Q
TSVRMX GY WEFME WGSEW, R JVYRXIE PSV, MRXSRRH MQRYP TSTYPEV EP -XEPMIM. R EGIP
QSQIRX, QVXYVMWIWG, GY HIWZV#MVI HIWGYVENEX R TVMZMR'E ZMMXSVYPYM, RY
EZIEQ HIGX S WMRKYV HSVMR': W Q PEW YGMW.
1-EQ EVYRGEX QTVIYR GY IM EWYTVE JVERGI^MPSV.
'I W-E TIXVIGYX EXYRGM# ,EFEV R-EQ.41 8MQT HI HSY GIEWYVM, EQ PSZMX
RIRGIXEX. 'RH WI JGY ^MY, IVEQ TPMR HI WRKI. 2Y EZIEQ RMGM QGEV S
WMRKYV VER. )VE S QMRYRI.
R EGIEWX EG'MYRI E JSWX YGMW, RIZVRH W WI TVIHIE, PSGSXIRIRXYP
1SVSWMRM, YR FMIX GSTMP GI RY QTPMRMWI HSY^IGM HI ERM #M GEVI W-E PYTXEX GE YR
IVSY.
R XSMYP WRKIVSEWIM RGMIVVM EQ TVMQMX YR QIWEN EP %HYRVMM, GEVI Q
TSJXIE W Q HYG TI 'ETMXSPMY. %GIWXYM SVHMR M HEXSVI^ ZME'E. %PXJIP, E# 3 JSWX
GY WMKYVER' YGMW.
'SF'SVRH WTVI 0SRKEVE QTVIYR GY :IGGLM, GEVI IVE QIQFVY R
'SRWXMXYERX, EQ E4EX G FMIXYP QIY RIKVY %KY]EV JYWIWI SQSVX.
R XMQT GI-QM 'MRIE TVIKXMX YR GEP HI WGLMQF, YR KPSR' M WXVTYRWIWI
'IEWXE. %Q WMQ'MX S HYVIVI W HYGIQ PMTW HI QYRM'MM, GRH ETVY KIRIVEPYP
+EVMFEPHM GY S GSPSER HI WSPHE'M YRMM HMR VIKMQIRXYP 6 IPI PMRMI, GSQERHE'M HI
4EWWM, LSXVX W HIE S YPXMQ PSZMXYV RY TIRXVY WEPZEVIE 6SQIM, GM TIRXVY
SRSEVIE IM. %PMYVRHY-RI XSZEV#MPSV RS#XVM, RI-EQ RTYWXMX EWYTVE WTVXYVMM.
-^FMRH GY PRGMPI, GY WFMMPI, GY FEMSRIXIPI: TVEJYP HI TY#G #M KPSER'IPI
PMTWIEY. *VERGI^MM, YPYM'M HI EGIEWX PSZMXYV XIVMFMP, QEM RXM HHYV RETSM;
HEV WI MZMV EP'MM, R ZVIQI GI EVXMPIVME, RHVITXEX EWYTVE RSEWXV RGITY W
WIGIVI #MVYVM RXVIKM HMRXV-EM RS#XVM. -RGMRXE %YVIPMER E JSWX PYEX #M VIPYEX; RY
I\MWXE PSG YRHI W TYM TMGMSVYP JV W RY HEM HI GXI YR QSVX WEY HI GXI YR
VRMX. R RSETXIE. %GIIE, +EVMFEPHM E JSWX QEM QEVI HIGX MP Z^YWIQ
ZVISHEX, QEM QEVI HIGX P Z^YWI GMRIZE ZVISHEX. 7EFME M IVE JYPKIV; SVMGI
SQ PSZMX HI IP IVE YR SQ QSVX. 7RKIPI YRYM RSY EHZIVWEV WTPE WRKIPI GIPYM
GI G^YWI. %M 3 ^MW GM-M 0ISRMHE PE 8IVQSTMPI, *IVVYGGMS PE GEWXIPYP HI PE
+EZMWWERE. 8VIQYVEQ W RY-P ZH G^'MRH HMRXV-S GPMT RXV-EPXE; HEV RY, IP
VQEWI R TMGMSEVI GE (IWXMRYP GVRIIR; TMIVHIEQ TVMR IP QEM QYPX HIGX YR
WPYNMXSV, TMIVHIEQ YR TVMIXIR.
1E^^MRM #M ERYR'EWI %HYRVMM WMXYE'ME R GEVI RI E4EQ.
2Y RI QEM V\RRIEY HIGM HI PYEX HIGX XVIM LSXVVM, WTYWI IP: 7 WI
HYG XVEXEXMZI GY JVERGI^MM; 7. 7I ETIVI SVE#YP, FEVMGEH GY FEVMGEH;
%HYREVIE, XVMYQZMVEXYP #M EVQEXE W TVWIEWG SVE#YP, HYGRH GY IPI
TEPEHMYQ-YP PMFIVX'MM VSQERI.
'RH EQ ETVYX R TVEKYP WPMM., XS'M. (ITYXE'MM W-EY VMHMGEX R TMGMSEVI #M-
EY ETPEYHEX.
1-EQ YMXEX R NYVY-QM GE W ZH GI ERYQI TYXYWI, W XVI^IEWG YR.
%WIQIRIE IRXY^MEWQ. )VEQ TPMR HI WRKI,. QFVGQMRXIE QM IVE GMYVYMX HI
KPSER'I #M HI PSZMXYVM HI 'FEMSRIX. 7EFME, XSGMX HI EXXIE PSZMXYVM, RY QEM
MRXVE HIGX TI NYQXEXI R XIEG. 1M-EY WXVMKEX:
0E XVMFYR! 0E XVMFYR!
1-EQ YVGEX PE XVMFYR.
1M W EY EHVIWEX RXVIFVM HMR XSEXI TV'MPI.
3VMGI ETVEVI IWXI HI EGYQ RGSPS' IY RITYXMR', PI-EQ WTYW IY,
EJEV RYQEM HEG RY ZVIQ W JEGIQ HMR 6SQE S E HSYE 7EVEKSWWE. 0E 9
JIFVYEVMI, EQ TVSTYW S HMGXEXYV QMPMXEV; IE WMRKYV TYXIE W TYR TI TMGMSV
HI V^FSM S WYX HI QMM HI SEQIRM REVQE'M. )PIQIRXI GETEFMPI I\MWXEY EXYRGM:
XVIFYME W PI GEY'M, PI-EM 3 KWMX R SVMGEVI SQ GYVENSW. R ITSGE EGIIE,
RHV^RIEPE E JSWX VIWTMRW, FMVYMX HI QWYVM RIRWIQREXI. 2Y TYXIEQ W
WXVYM QEM QYPX. %Q GIHEX. 1 QTMIHMGE QSHIWXME 3MRHG,. (I JETX, WMQ'IEQ
G IY E# 3 TYXYX 3 EGIP SQ GYVENSW. %Q KVI#MX TVMR EWXE, JE' HI TVMRGMTMYP
WEGVY GEVI IWXI MHSPYP MRMQMM MRIPI. (EG E# 3 JSWX EWGYPXEX, EGZMPE VSQER EV 3
^FYVEX HMR RSY TI XYVRYVMPI 'ETMXSPMYPYM #M, QTVIYR GY ZMXINMM QIM, GEVI #XMEY
W QSEV, HYT GYQ W-E Z^YX, E# 3 WGLMQFEX JE'E -XEPMIM. (EV PE GIPI
RXQTPE'K RY QEM I\MWX PIEG. 7 TVMZMQ GY GETYP WYW MRGIRHMYP TI GEVI RY
QEM WYRXIQ WXTRM. 7 MI#MQ HMR 6SQE GY XS'M ZSPYRXEVMM REVQE'M GEVI ZSV
ZVIE W RI YVQI^I. %GSPS YRHI ZSQ 3 RSM, ZE 3 #M 6SQE. )Y RY Q ERKENI^ PE
RMQMG; ZSM JEGI XSX GIIE GI TSEXI W JEG YR SQ #M, VIJYKMEX R RSM, TEXVME RY
ZE TMIVM.
%GIEWX TVSTYRIVI, JGYX #M HI 1E^^MRM, E JSWX VIWTMRW. *
% VIWTMRW-S RWY#M )RVMGS 'IVRYWGLM, ZMXIE^YP 'IVRYWGLM, YRYP HMR IVSMM
GIPSV GMRGM ^MPI QMPERI^I, TVI#IHMRXIPI GSQMWMIM FEVMGEHIPSV VSQERI. 1M-E
YVQEX PE XVMFYR #M, GY PEGVMQMPI R SGLM #M GY KPEWYP WYKVYQEX, ^MWI:
:SM #XM'M GY XS'MM G WYRX YR R4GVEX ETVXSV EP TEXVMIM #M EP
TSTSVYPYM; IM FMRI, Z-S WTYR GY KYVE QIE, RY RI QEM TYXIQ QTSXVMZM R RMGM YR
JIP JVERGI^MPSV, MEV 6SQE #M TSTSVYP IM PEGVMQMPI P RFY#IEY XVIFYMI W WI
VIWIQRI^I R JE'E SGYTE'MIM.
(YT S WGYVX HIPMFIVEVI, %HYREVIE E HEX YVQXSVYP HIGVIX: 6ITYFPMG
(V) 6SQER R RYQIPI PYM (YQRI^IY #M EP TSTSVYPYM %HYREVIE GSRWXMXYERX
VSQER HIGVIXIE^ RGIXEVIE ERIM ETVVM MQTSWMFMPI. )E VQRI PE TSWXYP
WY: 8VMYQZMVEXYP IWXI RWVGMREX GY I\IGYXEVIE TVI^IRXYPYM HIGVIX.E 'MRI Q
MYFI#XI W Q YVQI^I 0E 2 MYPMI, EQ EHYREX XVYTIPI R TME'E :EXMGERYPYM, EQ
REMRXEX R QMNPSGYP PSV. 0I-EQ ERYR'EX G TVWIEQ 6SQE WTVI E GSRHYGI, R
TVSZMRGMM, VIZSPXE QTSXVMZE EYWXVMIGMPSV, QTSXVMZE VIKIPYM 2IETSPYPYM #M
QTSXVMZE PYM 4MYW EP -<-PIE. "M EQ EHYKEX:
'IM GI ZSV ZVIE W Q YVQI^I ZSV 3 TVMQM'M TVMRXVI EM QIM; RY PI GIV
EGIWXSVE HIGX S MRMQ TPMR HI HVEKSWXI JE' HI TEXVMI. 2Y ZSMEZIE RMGM
WSPH, RMGM SHMLR; ZSV EZIE HSEV TMRI #M ET GRH, HMR RXQTPEVI, WI ZSV
KWM #M EWXIE. 'MRI RY-M QYP'YQMX GY EGIEWX WSEVX, W VQR EMGM. 3 HEX
MI#MX TI TSEVXE 6SQIM, SVMGI TEW RHVX ZE 3 YR TEW WTVI QSEVXI.
4EXVY QMM HI MRJERXIVM#XM #M GMRGM WYXI HI GEZEPIVM#XM WI VRHYMV R NYVY-
QM; IM VITVI^IRXEY GIPI HSY XVIMQM GI-QM QEM VQRIEY HMR ETVXSVMM 6SQIM.
%RMXE, QFVGEX GE FVFEX; 'MGIVEZEGGLMS, GEVI RY ZSME W ZEH RNSWMVIE 'VMM
WEPI #M 9KS &EWWM, WJRXYP GEVI EWTMVE PE QEVXMVMY, EY JSWX TVMQMM GEVI W-EY
VRHYMX PRK QMRI.
7TVI ' WIEV, EQ MI#MX TI HVYQYP GXVI 8MZSPM. -RMQE QM IVE RXVMWXEX HI
QSEVXI.
9PXMQE ZIWXI TI GEVI S E4EWIQ IVE QSEVXIE PYM 1EREVE.
%MGM WI RXVIVYT 1IQSVMMPI PYM +EVMFEPHM.
4SEXI G RXV-S ^M ZSM SF'MRI HI PE IP MWXSVMWMVIE GIPIM HI E HSYE TV'M E
ZMI'MM WEPI, HYT GYQ EQ SF'MRYX-S #M TI TVMQE. %GIEWXE ZE TYXIE 3 I\TVMQEX
HSEV R HSY GYZMRXI: )\MP #M XVMYQJYVM.
9VQIE^ GXIZE EQRYRXI EWYTVE QSV'MPSV, TI GEVI HSGXSVYP &IVXERM E
FMRIZSMX W PI VIHEGXI^I TIRXVY QMRI.
<<-- 1S VX M 09'-%23 1%2%6%.
0E 30 MYRMI 1849, PE SVE HSY HMQMRIE'E E RGITYX, HYT GYQ W-E Z^YX
R 1IQSVMMPI KIRIVEPYPYM, EXEGYP MRGMRXIM %YVIPMIRI, E HSYE PMRMI HI ETVEVI E
RSEWXV.
'XVI SVIPI XVIM HMQMRIE'E, 1EREVE E VIMRXVEX R ZMPE 7TEHE; #M #M
EVERNEWI XMVEPMSVMM.
R ENYR, S KLMYPIE, HYT GI WI PSZMWI HI ^MH, G^YWI R TEXYP PYM. 7I
XVWIWI HI-S TEVXI GE W-M JEG PSG #M, V^RH, WTYWIWI:
3 W ZIHI'M G R-S W EQ RSVSGYP W Q-EPIK GY RMGM S ^KVMIXYV.
0E RXSEVGIVI, P-E KWMX TI )QMPMS (ERHSPS JSEVXI RIPMRM#XMX GY TVMZMVI PE
1SVSWMRM, HIWTVI GEVI WI ^ZSRMWI G IVE TVM^SRMIV. 2MGMYRYP, RMGM GIPPEPX RY
EZIEY RMGM S #XMVI HIWTVI IP. R EGIP QSQIRX, YR KPSR', VGS#RH, P-E PSZMX TI
(ERHSPS R FVE'.
4I PIKIE QIE, WVQERYP QIY FMEX, TEVI-WI G RYQEM TI XMRI 'I
GEYX! ^MWI 1EREVE.
%TSM, WGS'RHY-#M GIRXMVSRYP #M PWRHY-#M WEFME, PY YR FMRSGPY #M WI
ETVSTMI HI JIVIEWXV GE W-M TVMZIEWG TI JVERGI^MM GEVI RXSVGIEY YR XYR,
TSXVMZMRHY-P GXVI S 'MRX. R EGIIE#M GPMT, WI HIWGVG S GEVEFMR; KPSR'YP
XVIGY TM'MRXVI HSM WEGM HI TQRX #M-P PSZM R TRXIGI, XSGQEM R PSGYP TI GEVI M
P-EV 3 SGVSXMX GIRXMVSRYP HEG RY #M P-EV 3 WISW.
(ERHSPS P Z^Y GPXMRRHY-WI #M, E#E VRMX GYQ, IVE, WI ETVSTMI W-P
WYW'MR.
7YRX QSVX! M ^MWI 1EREVE PYM (ERHSPS, TVFY#MRHY-WI. %M KVMN HI
GSTMMM QIM.
9R QIHMG EPIVK R. +VEF; HEV, Z^RHY-P TPMRH, VRMXYP R'IPIWI G
XSXYP W-E WJV#MX. 1EREVE JY E#I^EX TI S PEVK #M, R XSMYP JSGYPYM, XSZEV#MM WM P-
EY HYW PE 7ERXE-1EVME HIPPE 7GEPE. %Q JSWX GLIQEX HI PE EQFYPER'E HIM
4IPPIKVMRM, YRHI Q E4EQ; EQ EPIVKEX PE IP. 'IVYWI W 3I EHYW PRK QMRI.
&MRIEQ QYPX YRYP PE EPXYP, ZEM! 0SGYP IVE TPMR HI TVSMIGXMPIPI JVERGI^I. 3
JIQIMI XRV, GEVI JGYWI MQTVYHIR'E W TVMZIEWG HI PE S JIVIEWXV, JYWIWI
PSZMX R TMITX #M YGMW TI PSG. (SQRYPYM :EVIRRE, S3'IV PSQFEVH, M-EY JSWX
^HVSFMXI EQRHSY TMGMSEVIPI HI GXVI YR SFY^, R XMQT GI YVGE EPXYVM HI
QMRI XVITXIPI FMWIVMGMM. 'E #M QMRI, #M IP ZIRMWI W-P ZEH TI 1EREVE. 9R QIHMG
EPIVKE #M IP WTVI FMWIVMG. 3 KVIREH P VWXYVR HI TI GEP; HYT S GPMT, GEPYP
WY, VRMX HI EGIIE#M PSZMXYV, WI TVFY#M TIWXI IP. )Y EQ ENYRW XIEJV #M
RIZXQEX. R JYRHYP FMWIVMGMM, R HVIETXE, ETVSETI HI FEPYWXVEH, WI E4E YR
TEX RGSRNYVEX HI S3'IVM HMR PIKMYRIE 1EREVE. (I RHEX GI VRMXYP Q Z^Y,
RXMRWI QRE WTVI QMRI #M, GY ZSGI WXMRW, Q RXVIF:
6ERE I QSVXEP#
R GMYHE VIEPMX'MM, XMRIVI'IE WE RY ZSME W EHQMX MHIIE QSV'MM. >KSQSXYP
#M JEVQIGYP ZMI'MM QMPMXEVI RY RZMRWIWIV RG R IP FYGYVMMPI HSQIWXMGI.
:^RH G RY-M VWTYRHIEQ, VITIX:
8I RXVIF HEG VERE IWXI QSVXEP. 6WTYRHI-QM!
"M, JV W QEM E#XITXI VWTYRWYP QIY, M^FYGRM R GYZMRXI TPMRI HI
VIKVIXI. M RGYVENEM, EXX GX TSEXI W-S JEG YR SQ GVYME M PMTWI#XI GYVENYP;
XSXY#M, IP Z^Y FMRI G RY QEM XVKIEQ RHINHI. 1EM QYP'M QIHMGM WI ETVSTMEV
HI IP; HEV, JGRHY-PI WIQR HMR GET W WI RHITVXI^I, IP PI ^MWI:
0WE'M-Q W QSV PMRM#XMX!
4YPWYP ETVSETI G RY M WI QEM WMQ'IE, I\XVIQMX'MPI M IVEY VIGM,
XVWXYVMPI EHRG WGLMQFEXI, WRKIPI GYVKIE #YZSM HMR VER, #M FMIXYP 1EREVE
WYJIVIE RKVS^MXSV.
8SZEV#MM WM QEM RXVIFEV GI TVIVI EQ HIWTVI WXEVIE PYM.
1EM EVI GEQ YR GIEW HI XVMX, M-EQ. >MW PYM (ERHSPS.
%XYRGM XRVYP WI ETPIG PE YVIGLIE TVMIXIRYPYM WY:
+RHI#XI-XI PE (SQRYP! M WTYWI IP.
3L! Q KRHIWG PE IP, #M RG QYPX! VWTYRWI 1EREVE.
%XYRGM JGY WIQR YRYM GETYGMR W WI ETVSTMI. 'PYKVYP WI ETVSTMI HI
TEX, EWGYPX WTSZIHERME QYVMFYRHYPYM #M-M EGSVH MIVXEVIE TGEXIPSV. %TSM
WVQERYP RSWXVY TVMIXIR GIVY WJRXE QTVX#ERMI.
(ERHSPS RGIVG W-P QRKMI, GX TYXY QEM FMRI, ZSVFMRHY-M HIWTVI
(YQRI^IY. P RXVIVYTWI GE W-M ZSVFIEWG HI 3MM WM.
'VI#XI-M, M ^MWI IP, R MYFMVIE JE' HI (YQRI^IY #M HI TEXVMI.
%TSM EHYK:
(Y PE 1MPERS XVYTYP QIY QTVIYR GY GIP EP JVEXIPYM XY. 8I HSEVI G
QSV, WGYQTI TVMIXIRI, ^MWI IP; ZEM! #M QMI QM TEVI VY HYT ZME'.
'LIQ PRK IP YR WSPHEX GEVI-M IVE SVHSRER' #M TI GEVI HI QYPXI SVM P
SGVMWI.
1 MIV'M, RY-M E#E# M ^MWI IP ^QFMRHY-M.
4I YVQ P RXVIF TI (ERHSP/) HEG TVMQMWI ZI#XM HIWTVI 1SVSWMRM. 9RMM
^MGIEY G EV 3 TVM^SRMIV. 'Y TY'MR REMRXI HI E QYVM, 1EREVE #M WGSEWI MRIPYP
HMR HIKIX, MP TYWI R HIKIXYP PYM (ERHSPS #M-M WTYWI:
%Q W-P WEPYX TI JVEXIPI* XY HMR TEVXIE XE.
%TSM, RXSVGRHY-WI GXVI QMRI:
3, &IVXERM! * W QSV QEM VITIHI, ^MWI IP, WYJV TVIE QYPX!
%WXE E JSWX YPXMQE NIPYMVI GEVI M-E QEM MI#MX HI TI FY^I.
% MRXVEX R EKSRMI, W-E EK'EX, ^ZVGSPMRHY-WI, HI GIM HMR NYVYP PYM, ETSM E
G^YX HMR RSY TI TEX, GY YR WYWTMR, RIGPMRXMX #M VIGI.
--EQ TYW QRE TI MRMQ; M QEM F#XIE RG, HEV VEV; TY'MR GXI TY'MR,
FXMPI EY RGIXEX. 7Y4IXYP WI #M YVGEWI PE GIV.
0I-EQ WTYW EXYRGM GPYKVMPSV GI Q RGSRNYVEY W-QM TVIKXIEWG S
WSPY'MI GY EVWIRMG IE W-S MRNIGXI^ R GEHEZVY; HEV EVWIRMGYP PMTWIE. 1-EQ
QYP'YQMX W-M JEG S MRNIG'MI GY WYFPMQEX GSVSWMZ. 6Q#M'IPI TQRXI#XM EY
JSWX XVERWTSVXEXI RXV-S RGTIVI HMR HVIETXE EPXEVYPYM TVMRGMTEP, PRK
WEGVMWXMI, #M EGSPS, QFVGEX R YRMJSVQE PYM, E JSWX E#I^EX IY KVMN, GY GETYP TI
S TIVR.
8MRVYP WY TVMIXIR, )PIYXIVMS 4EKPMERS GEVI, R. 8SX XMQTYP EWIHMYPYM
PYTXEWI ZMXINI#XI #M GEVXEWX^M IWXI YRYP HMRXVI' GIM QEM HMWXMR#M TMGXSVM HMR
0SQFEVHME, M-E JGYX TSVXVIXYP.
%TVSETI* HI IP, GYPGEX TI S WGRHYV, WI E4E RIKVYP PYM +EVMFEPHM,
%KY]EV. 4VMZIEQ EGIWXI HSY GEHEZVI EXX HI JVYQSEWI, 3IGEVI HI S
JVYQYWI'I HMJIVMX, GRH EQ EY^MX TI GMRIZE LSLSXMRH HI TPRW. 'IP GI
TPRKIE IVE 9KS &EWWM.
8SEX ZVIQIE GX EQ VQEW R EGIEWX RGTIVI, IE E JSWX 'MRXE
TVSMIGXMPIPSV JVERGI^I.
% HSYE ^M, GEHEZVYP E JSWX XVERWTSVXEX RXV-S GEW #M, HI EGSPS, PE FMWIVMGE
7ER 0SVIR^S. (YT EGIIE, E JSWX HITYW R FMWIVMGE 'IRXS 4EHVM, YRHI P E#XITXE
XVYTYP PYM )RVMGS (ERHSPS #M YRHI EZIE WM WI EPXYVI #M GIP EP PYM 1SVSWMRM.
'LMEV R ^MYE QSV'MM WEPI, PYM 1EREVE M WSWM S WGVMWSEVI HI PE WS'ME PYM,
GYTVMR^RH HSEV EGIWXI GYZMRXI; 2Y XI KLMHM PE QMRI, RY XI KRHM PE GSTMMM XM,
KRHI#XI-XI PE TEXVMI.
7VQERE JIQIMI, QSEVXIE EZIE W-M EHYG VWTYRWYP!
)1-0-3 13637-2- 7XXIEQ PRK 1EREVE, E4EX TI TEPYP HI QSEVXI,
RXVIFRHY-RI YRMM TI EP'MM GI HIZIRMWIV GIM QEM WGYQTM TVMIXIRM EM RS#XVM #M,
TVMRXVI EP'MM, )QMPMS 1SVSWMRM. (EV, R ^MYE EGIIE, RI-E JSWX GY RITYXMR' W #XMQ
GIZE TVIGMW HIWTVI IP.
R HMQMRIE'E HI 1 MYPMI, (ERHSPS E4 HI PE YR WSPHEX GEVI WXXYWI
QTVIYR GY 1SVSWMRM RXV-S FVI#, G EGIWXE G^YWI KVEZ VRMX, R QMRMPI
JVERGI^MPSV. (I#M WYJIVIE RIWTYW HMR TVMGMRE VRMM, (ERHSPS HHY JYKE PE
XVMYQZMVEX, ETSM PE QMRMWXIV GE W SF'MR YR TIVQMW HI MI#MVI. (YT XVIM GIEWYVM
HI MRWMWXIR'I, P SF'MRY #M EPIVK TI GQTYP JVERGI^ JV RMGM YR JIP HI TIVQMW
HI PMFIV XVIGIVI. %VIWXEX HI EZERTSWXYVM, IP EVX WGSTYP TIRXVY GEVI ZIRIE.
9RYM S3'IV M WI JGY QMP HI RIPMRM#XIE PYM #M-M HHY ZSMI W TXVYRH R XEFV,
YRHI JY GSRHYW PE EQFYPER'. %MGM E4 G 1SVSWMRM QYVMWI.
'IVY W M WI HIE GEHEZVYP WTVI E-P TVIHE JEQMPMIM; HEV YR QIHMG M
VWTYRWI G VQ#M'IPI TQRXI#XM EPI PYM 1SVSWMRM JYWIWIV HYWI HI ZVIS
HSY GIEWYVM PE YR GMQMXMV HIWXYP HI RHITVXEX. (ERHSPS GIVY YR TIVQMW GE W-
P HI^KVSETI.
R ZVIQI GI E#XITXE YR VWTYRW PE GIVIVIE WE, MRXV YR GTMXER,
EHNYXERX-QEMSV, GEVI VQEWI JSEVXI QMVEX Z^RH R XEFVE JVERGI^ YR S3'IV
MXEPMER, JV TIVQMW HI PMFIV XVIGIVI. )P GSRHEQR PE EVIWX TI S3'IVYP GEVI-P
PWEWI W XVIEG #M-P XVMQMWI TI (ERHSPS HMR RSY R PMRME HI EZERTSWX, JV W
ZVIE W EWGYPXI RMQMG. (ERHSPS WI RETSMI EHYGRH TVMIXIRMPSV WM XVMWXE ZIWXI
#M WGVMWI #IJYPYM HI WXEX QENSV JVERGI^ WTVI E-M GIVI TIVQMWYP HI I\LYQEVI. P
SF'MRY R HMQMRIE'E ^MPIM HI 2 MYPMI.
8VMWXE GIVIQSRMI E XVERWTSVXVMM PYM 1EREVE S HEX WJV#MX, (ERHSPS WI
ETVSTMI HI QMRI, WTYRRHY-QM:
&IVXERM, TIWXI GXIZE GIEWYVM GEHEZVYP PYM 1SVSWMRM WI ZE E4E PE
FMWIVMGE 'IRXS-4EHVM, PE 7ERXE :MIXS, YRHI P ZIM TYXIE ZIHIE.
1-EQ HYW PE FMWIVMG TY'MR REMRXI W WI RWIVI^I. 'EWE WEY QEM
HIKVEF QRWXMVIE TVMR GEVI WI ENYRKI PE FMWIVMG IVE SGYTEX HI XVYTIPI
JVERGI^I, EWXJIP RGX FMWIVMGE IVE RGLMW. %Q GIVYX YRYM GTMXER TIVQMWMYRIE
W MRXVY; EGIWXE, Z^RHY-QM XVMWXI'IE RXMTVMX TI GLMT, Q RXVIF GY
FMRHI'I HEG WYRX WSPHEX, GEVI QM IWXI TEXVME #M HEG TMIVHYWIQ ZVIS VYH
WEY ZVIYR TVMIXIR, P-EQ VWTYRW G TMIVHYWIQ TI QYP'M HMRXVI TVMIXIRMM QIM #M,
TVMRXVI EP'MM, TI 1EREVE. M GYRS#XIE HYT RYQI, QM GIVY EQRYRXI HIWTVI
QSEVXIE PYM #M-QM HHY #M IP EPXIPI PE VRHYP WY.
9R ZRXSV HMR :MRGIRRIW, GEVI WI EJE R ETVSTMIVIE PYM PE EXEGYP HI PE
ZMPE 7TEHE #M TI GEVI QM-P EVX WXRH R TMGMSEVI R QMNPSGYP YRYM KVYT HI
WSPHE'M, ETVSETI HI TSEVXE YRHI RI KWIEQ, M WTYWIWI R GPMTE GRH 1EREVE
WI ETVSTMEWI GY FMRSGPYP HI JIVIEWXV:
9MXE'M-Z FMRI PE EGIWX S3'IV, IWXI YR SQ QSVX.
R EGIPE#M XMQT, WSPHEXYP XVEWI: KPSR'YP #M EXMRWIWI 'MRXE, IP P Z^Y TI
1EREVE I^RH.
'TMXERYP GSRXMRYE W ZSVFIEWG; IY IVEQ E#E HI XVMWX, RGX R-EQ TYXYX
W-M VWTYRH HIGX VYKRHY-P W Q PEWI W MRXVY R FMWIVMG.
'I-S W JEGI'M EGSPS# Q RXVIF IP.
3 W Q HYG W GEYX GEHEZVYP YRYM EPX TVMIXIR HI^KVSTEX GLMEV EWX^M
#M RGVIHMR'EX HI-EM ZS#XVM HYVIVMM QEQIM WEPI.
*VER'Y^YP XVMQMWI W WI GIEV TIVQMWMYRIE GSPSRIPYPYM, S SF'MRY #M Q
RGVIHMR'E TE^RMGYPYM FMWIVMGMM GE W Q PEWI W MRXVY.
&MWIVMGE IVE JSEVXI RXYRIGSEW; TE^RMGYP HIWGLMWI S TSVXM' TVMR GEVI
ENYRKIEY HMR QRWXMVI HVITX R QMNPSGYP FMWIVMGMM, QM HHY S PEQT #M,
EVXRHY-QM YR YRKLIV RXYRIGEX, QM ^MWI:
'EYX-P EGSPS.
"M R-E ZVYX W Q YVQI^I QEM HITEVXI.
1-EQ ETVSTMEX XVMWX #M GYGIVRMG, GY YR 3SV GI-QM WXVFXIE XSEXI
QHYPEVIPI. 8GIVIE, RXYRIVMGYP, PYQMRE WPEF E PQTMM, TVI'MSWYP XVYT TI
GEVI-P GYXEQ, RIPMRM#XIE HI E-P VIKWM EWXJIP TI JIVQIGXSVYP XRV TI GEVI-P
GYRSWGYWIQ TPMR HI ZME', XSEXI EWXIE JGYV W-QM FEX MRMQE R TMITX QEM-
QEM W WI WTEVK. 1IVKIEQ RGIX, RIGYRSWGRH PSGYP, RI#XMMRH YRHI IVE
HITYW QSVXYP, VMHMIRHY-QM PEQTE #M XVIQYVRH WE RY-P PSZIWG GY TMGMSVYP. R
WJV#MX, PRK XVITXI, EQ ^VMX S JSVQ RIEKV #M PYRK; EQ GSRXMRYEX W
REMRXI^, 'MRRH QIVIY PEQTE VMHMGEX. %Q VIGYRSWGYX YR XVYT SQIRIWG.
%TVSETI RIFYR HI HYVIVI #M HI KVSE^E RIPQYVMX GEVI Q GYTVMRWIWI, Q-EQ
ETPIGEX HIEWYTVE PYM. 3L! XVMWX! XVMWX! XVMWX!
'Y QRE GEVI-QM VQWIWI PMFIV, EQ HIWJGYX #RYVYP GI-M 'MRIE
PMR'SPMYP, WXVRW, PE KX, TIWXI TRXIGI #M TIWXI TMGMSEVI. --EQ VMHMGEX GETYP.
(I#M RXVYGXZE HIW3KYVEX, EQ VIGYRSWGYX R IP TI FMIXYP GSTMP TI GEVI-P
GYXEQ. %Q HEX HVYQYP GETYPYM. % G^YX TI PIWTIHI JGRH YR ^KSQSX TI
GEVI R-EQ W-P YMX RMGMSHEX. 4VYP QM IVE WGPHEX R WYHSEVI. 1-EQ STVMX
XVIQYVRH XSX. (SEQRI, GI TYXIVRMG I#XM #M GX HI RKVS^MXSEVI IWXI QSEVXIE!
%Q JGYX S WJSV'EVI W Q WXTRIWG. 'E QIHMG, SFM#RYMX GY QSEVXIE,
RY ZSMEQ W Q PEW RZMRW HI IE. %Q TYW PEQTE TI YRE HMR XVITXIPI EPXEVYPYM
#M, RHVITXRHY-QM MEV#M SGLMM WTVI GLMTYP QSVXYPYM, P-EQ TVMZMX GY XVMWXI'I: IVE
QEM EPF HIGX GIEV#EJYP GI-M EGSTIVIE. --EQ GYXEX #M M-EQ EXMRW VRMPI. %# 3
ZVYX W EHYR TR #M YPXMQIPI TMGXYVM HI WRKI HMR MRMQE PYM WTVI E M PI HYGI
QEQIM WEPI #M WTVI E JEGI GY EGIWX WRKI S GVYGI TI JVYRXIE EGIWXSV XMRIVM
MXEPMIRM GEVI, RXV-S FYR ^M, ZSV XVIFYM W WI VMHMGI TIRXVY IPMFIVEVIE TEXVMIM PSV.
%TSM M-EQ XMEX S #YZM' HI TV. 4SEXI G EZIE #M ZVIS TVMIXIR; QEQ RW',
EZIE GY WMKYVER'.
R WJV#MX, M-EQ WXVRW QRE; M-EQ HIWGSTIVMX TIRXVY YPXMQE SEV GETYP #M
M-EQ #STXMX:
%HMS 1 %Q MI#MX, XVIQYVRH, HMR FMWIVMG, HYGRH GY QMRI EXX HI
ZMY RXMTVMX EGIEWX TVMZIPM#XI E QSV'MM, RGX #M EWX^M, HYT YRWTVI^IGI ERM,
GRH E#XIVR EGIWXI VRHYVM, XSX QEM ZH GLMTYP EGIPE TEPMH RJ#YVEX R PMR'SPMYP
QRNMX TIWXI XSX HI TQRX #M HI WRKI.
-I#MRH, P-EQ VIKWMX TI TE^RMG, ETSM TI S3'IV, GVYME M-EQ WXVRW QRE
JV W TSX VSWXM YR IYZRX.
% HSYE ^M, GEHEZVYP PYM 1SVSWMRM E JSWX TYW RXV-YR WMGVMY HI TPYQF, R
E#XITXEVIE GPMTIM GRH YVQE W TPIGI WTVI TQRXYP REXEP, QTVIYR GY
GEHEZVIPI TVMIXIRMPSV WM.
(SVIEQ IY XS'MM, GY EGIIE#M EVHSEVI, W GYRSE#XIQ EQRYRXI EWYTVE
QSV'MM PYM 1SVSWMRM. (EV GIMPEP'M IVEY SFPMKE'M W TPIGI. 6QRIEY HSEV QSV'MM #M
GIM GI-M ENYXEY TI VRM'M W QSEV. )Y Q RYQVEQ TVMRXVI EGI#XME HMR YVQ.
-EX, E#EHEV, GI-EQ E4EX HIWTVI QSEVXIE PYM 1SVSWMRM. %QRYRXIPI TI
GEVI PI ZSM HE, PI HI'MR HI PE HSQRYP HI 7ERXM, YR GSVWMGER JSPSWMX R WIVZMGMYP
WERMXEV JVERGI^ #M GEVI, R RSETXIE HI 29 WTVI 30 MYRMI, IVE GLMVYVK PE
EQFYPER'E XVER#IMM%GIWX WXMQEX #M FYR GSRJVEXI, GVYME M WYRX RHEXSVEX TIRXVY
GXIZE WIVZMGMM, QM-E TSZIWXMX G, PE 30 MYRMI R ^SVMM ^MPIM, E JSWX EHYW PE
EQFYPER' YRYP HMR S3'IVMM RS#XVM, EXX HI XRV #M EXX HI JVYQSW, RGX PE
RGITYX E JSWX PYEX HVITX JIQIMI. )VE Y#SV VRMX PE GET, PE QRE WXRK #M PE
TMITX, HEV VERE QSVXEP S EZIE R TRXIGI. (I 7ERXM 51 RKVMNMWI GY EJIG'MYRI.
1SVSWMRM, GEVI QEM ZSVFIE RG, P RXVIF:
'YQ ZM WI TEV VRMPI QIPI#
(I 7ERXM M VWTYRWI:
%M RGVIHIVI R (YQRI^IY #M R XMRIVI'IE HYQMXEPI.
&MRI, ^MWI 1SVSWMRM; R'IPIK G WYRX TMIVHYX!
%TSM EHYK, GY YR WYWTMR!
&MEXE QEQE 7PM HHY HSGXSVYPYM TSVXSJIPYP, RXSEVWI GETYP #M RGITM RH
HMR GPMTE EGIIE VIJY^ W QEM WGSEX ZVIYR GYZRX.
0E GXIZE QMRYXI HYT GI 1SVSWMRM JYWIWI FERHENEX, MRXV PE EQFYPER'
YR FXVR WIVKIRX HMR VIKMQIRXYP 32 #M, HYT GI GX GY RKVMNSVEVI GXVI TEXYP
XRVYP YM S3'IV, M WTYWI QIHMGYPYM:
)P IP
'I ZVI'M W WTYRI'M# P RXVIF HSQRYP HI 7ERXM.
%# 3 ZVYX GY SVMGI TVI' W-P WEPZI^ TI EGIWX FMIX FMEX; EQ JGYX XSX
GI-EQ TYXYX. (EV RY, R-E EZYX RSVSG.
%XYRGM IP TSZIWXM G 1SVSWMRM, RWS'MX RYQEM HI TEXVY SEQIRM, JYWIWI
RGIVGYMX #M WSQEX W WI TVIHIE, ME GEVI IP VWTYRWIWI:
2MGMSHEX!
"M GSRXMRY W PYTXI GY WEFME, WXVMKRH SEQIRMPSV WM:
R RYQIPI -XEPMIM, Z MRXIV^MG W Z TVIHE'M!
%XYRGM, FXVRYP WIVKIRX M TYWI FEMSRIXE R TMITX, RHNHYMRH W-P
MRXMQMHI^I. (EV 1SVSWMRM ETYG FEMSRIXE GY QRE WXRK #M-P PSZM TI WIVKIRX
GY WEFME R SFVE^. %GIWXE, XSXY#M, M STVM TI WSPHE'MM WM W XVEK, WTIVRH GE
XRVYP S3'IV W 3I TVMRW ZMY, #M, TVMR YVQEVI, W-P WGETI. (EV YR WSPHEX GEVI WI
E4E R WTEXIPI PYM, ZHMRH G 1SVSWMRM GSRXMRYE W WI ETIVI, #M HIWGVG TY#GE
R IM HI JSEVXI ETVSETI. +PSR'YP M WXVTYRWIWI QVYRXEMIPI; VERE IVE QSVXEP.
1SVSWMRM G^Y, HEV RXV-YR KIRYRGLM #M TI QRE WXRK. "M HMR EGIEWX TS^M'MI
QEM RGIVG W-#M PSZIEWG EHZIVWEVMM, WX'VMKRHY-PI RXV-YRE XSZEV#MPSV WM:
0WE'M-Z YGM#M, HEV RY Z TVIHE'M.
7IVKIRXYP, JYVMSW, WI RXSEVWI WTVI WSPHEX, ^MGRHY-M:
2IRSVSGMXYPI! 'I-EM JGYX# 2Y ZI^M G IVE YR GSTMP#
1SVSWMRM E QYVMX PE GXIZE SVI HYT GI E JSWX EHYW PE EQFYPER' #M E
JSWX RKVSTEX R GIEV#EJYP R GEVI M KWMWIQ RJ#YVEX R FMWIVMGE 'IRXS 4EGMVM,
1SVSWMRM EZIE PE GIRXYV HSY TMWXSEPI TI QRIVYP GVSVE IVE KVEZEX RYQIPI
PYM /SWGMYW^OS P, EQMGYP JEQMPMIM WEPI, #M GEVI PI JGYWI GEHSY FYRMGYPYM WY.
%Q JGYX XSEXI GIVGIXVMPI TSWMFMPI, WTVI E VIKWM WEFME #M TMWXSEPIPI PYM
1SVSWMRM, HEV ^EHEVRMG. 7I TEVI G FXVRYP WIVKIRX TYWIWI WXTRMVI TI IPI,
RYQEM G IM HIGPEV G RY ZSME W PI RETSMI^I GY RMGM YR TVI'.
0E 4 WITXIQFVMI 1849, GIPI XVIM WMGVMI GY GIPI XVIM GEHEZVI, EP PYM )RVMGS
(ERHSPS, EP PYM 0YGMERS 1EREVE #M EP PYM )QMPMS 1SVSWMRM, EY JSWX HIFEVGEXI PE
1SPS-2SZS HM +IRSZE.
+3**4. )(3 1%1)0- +EVMFEPHM TSZIWXI#XI R 1IQSVMMPI WEPI #M R WGYVXE
FMSKVE3I TI GEVI E JGYX-S HIWTVI +S2VIHS 1IKRIPM, G R WIEVE HI 3 MYRMI
XRVYP TSIX E ZIRMX W-M GIEV W RGIVGI YR RSY EXEG EWYTVE ZMPIM 'SVWMRM #M
G IM M-E RHITPMRMX GIVIVIE. 1EQIPM E JSWX VRMX GY EGIWX TVMPIN PE TMGMSVYP WXRK.
6ERE, TVMR IE RW#M RY IVE HIPSG KVEZ, HEV HMR GEY^E YRIM TVSEWXI
GMVGYPE'MM E WRKIPYM WI GERKVIR #M, PE 18 MYRMI, EQTYXEVIE RY QEM TYXY 3
RPXYVEX.
' *IVIEWXVE GEQIVIM R GEVI WI E4E 1EQIPM, PE EQFYPER'E 8VMRMX HIM
4IPPIKVMRM, IVE RIRGIXEX PSZMX HI TVSMIGXMPI; HEV 1EQIPM: E HEX HSZEH HI GIE
QEM HIWZV#MX RITWEVI JE' HI EGIEWX TVMQINHMI, TSWXYQ, HEG WI TSEXI
WTYRI EWXJIP. 2YQEM G EXYRGM GRH W-E WMQ'MX GY XSXYP MWXSZMX HMR TVMGMRE
WYTYVE'MIM, S ^M WEY HSY W-E EVXEX EKEWEX HI KPSER'I #M HI KLMYPIPI, GE YR
GSTMP JE' HI QY#XIPI GEVI-P RIGNIWG.
7 3Y YGMW R EIV PMFIV #M PYTXRH, ^MGIE IP, TIVJIGX, HEV W 3Y YGMW R
TEXYP QIY, GE YR TEVEPMXMG, EWXE RY!
0E 8 MYRMI, MRXV R HIPMV, YR HIPMV R XMQTYP GVYME GRXE XSX XMQTYP GY
ZSGI RGIEX #M-#M VIEQMRXIE ETVSETI ^M GY ^M ZME'E WE, ZEM! EXX HI WGYVX.
R MRXIVZEPIPI HMRXVI EGIWXI GRXIGI, JGIE TVSJI'MM. 7EY YVVM TEXVMIM
WEPI. %ZIE HSY^IGM #M YRY HI ERM GRH E QYVMX. % JSWX RKVSTEX PE 6SQE.
1EQIPM E GSQTYW YR GRXIG HI V^FSM TI GEVI +EVMFEPHM P GRXE EHIWIE
#M-P JVIHSRE RIRGIXEX: *VEXIPPM H'-XEPME 1.
O %GIWX GRXIG IWXI TSTYPEV R -XEPME.
1)00%6% Q 'SPSRIPYP 1IPPEVE VRMX R PYTXE HI PE 6 MYRMI, E QYVMX PE 4
MYPMI GRH JVERGI^MM MRXVEWIV R SVE#. *MMRHG RY PI QEM IVE RKHYMX VSQERMPSV
W TVSXIWXI^I GY EVQIPI, IM W-EY WXVRW R FMWIVMG, R NYVYP GEXEJEPGYPYM
V^FSMRMGYPYM QSVX. (EV, R ZVIQI GI TSTSVYP EHYREX TPRKIE RXV-S GYGIVRMGE
XGIVI PRK EGIWX GEHEZVY, WMQFSP EP -XEPMIM TVFY#MXI, YR S3'IV HI TSPM'MI, R
JVYRXIE YRYM KVYT HI WSPHE'M, *VE'M HMR -XEPME.
TXVYRWI R FMWIVMG #M WQYPWI HI PRK GLMTMYP QSVXYPYM, E#I^EX GYQ IVE
SFMGIMYP, HIEWYTVE WMGVMYPYM. 'SGEVHE MXEPMER; ETSM, RXVIVYTRH TMSEWE
GIVIQSRMI, SVHSR W WI WXMRK PYQMRVMPI #M W 3I IZEGYEX FMWIVMGE.
'IIE GI WI #M JGY.
&MIXYP 1IPPEVE R-E EZYX EWXJIP TEVXI RMGM QGEV HI EGIEWX YPXMQ
GSRWSPEVI E QSV'MPSV, HI PEGVMQMPI TMGYVEXI HMR SGLMM MYFM'M.
(I EPXJIP, TEXMQMPI TSPMXMGI W-EY QERMJIWXEX EXX PE VIEG'MSREVMM VSQERM
GX #M PE VIEG'MSREVMM JVERGI^M. 4VIS'MM #M GPYKVMM RHISWIFM W-EY EVXEX MRJEQM
JE' HI FMI'MM VRM'M TVWM'M #M PWE'M R KVMNE PSV. 9RYM ERYQI +MSZERRM, HMR
'VIQSRE, VRMX R GSETW, IM EY VIJY^EX W-M HIE YR TELEV GY ET TR GI RY
W-E WTSZIHMX. 4IRXVY E R'IPIKI HYVIVIE EGIWXIM XSVXYVM, XVIFYMI W 3M QIHMG #M
W GYRS#XM RIZSME MQTIVMSEW HI E FIE TI GEVI S WMQXI FSPREZYP VRMX HI YR
JSG HI TY#G. 8S'M QIHMGMM HMR 6SQE GEVI EY RKVMNMX TEXVMS'M VRM'M #M-EY TMIVHYX
HVITXYP HI E QEM TVEGXMGE.
7 QM WI RKHYMI S SFWIVZE'MI 3PSWS3G WEY QEM HIKVEF QSVEP.
)\MWXE S QEVI HMJIVIR' TXVI QSEVXIE WSPHEXYPYM GSRWXVRW PE WIVZMGMYP
QMPMXEV TVMR VIGVYXEVI #M GIE E WSPHEXYPYM GEVI-#M WPYNI#XI R QSH ZSPYRXEV 'EVE.
:SPYRXEVYP IWXI TPMR HI IRXY^MEWQ, QRHVY I! I VRMPI PYM, KPSVMSW TVMR
QSEVXIE WE. )P #M EPMR GIPI QEM GVYHI WYJIVMR'I TVMR HVYMVIE #M TVMR
HVEKSWXIE PYM JE' HI TEXVMI, TVMR HSVMR'E TI GEVI #M-S I\TVMQ R VYKGMYRMPI
RP'EXI GXVI (YQRI^IY TIRXVY XVMYQJYP GEY^IM WEPI.
'IPPEPX IWXI QYX WEY RY VSWXI#XI HIGX ZSVFI HI V^FYREVI QTSXVMZE
GIPYM GEVI P-E VRMX.
9R GSTMP HMR &SPSKRE, R ZVWX HI ^IGI ERM, GEVI JGIE TEVXI HMR
PIKMYRIE +EVMFEPHM, E PWEX W M WI XEMI QRE VRMX, HI 3E RGLIMIXYVE
TYQRYPYM JV W WGSEX YR KIEQX, HYT GEVI, TEPMH #M WPFMX, E ZVYX W EWMWXI
PE YPXMQE FXPMI.
4IRXVY E WI GVIE GX QEM QYPXI WTMXEPI, GXI YRYP WXVFXIE WXV^MPI
6SQIM WXVMKRH GY KPEW XEVI:
4IRXVY TEXVMS'MM VRM'M!
"M EXYRGM XSEXI JIVIWXVIPI WI HIWGLMHIEY #M SEQIRMM EVYRGEY KVQEH
TR^I, GIEV#EJYVM, WEPXIPI #M TIVRI. 7TMXEPIPI EY JSWX GVIEXI TVMR GEVMXEXIE
HISWIFMX E QYRMGMTMYPYM.
7*6"-8
1 2YQI EGSVHEX R *VER'E, REMRXI HI 6IZSPY'MI, SVHMRYPYM VIPMKMSW EP
GPYKVMPSV JVERGMWGERM.
: P 3VHMR MIVEVLMG R EWSGME'ME, WIGVIX E JVERGQEWSRMPSV.
* -, E *EVMRE 7XSVME H'-XEPME (R.E.).
1 %RHVI 1EWWIRE (1758-1817). 1EVI#EP EP *VER'IM, HYGI HI 6MZSPM #M TVMR'
HI )WWPMRK, WYTVERYQMX HI 2ETSPISR VWJ'EXYP ZMGXSVMMPSV1; W-E MPYWXVEX PE
6MZSPM (1797), PE >YVMGL (1799), PE EWIHMYP +IRSZIM (1800), PE )WWPMRK #M
;EKVEQ (1809).
VMFEPHM GSQERHE GSVTYP HI ZRXSVM EPTMRM.
1 'EWIX HI EVEQ, GY KIEQYVM, R GEVI WI RGLMH GSQTYWIPI #M
MRWXVYQIRXIPI HI TVIGM^MI, RIGIWEVI, REZMKE'MIM.
1 7IVVERMIRM PSGYMXSVM HMR VIKMYRIE 'MQE HE 7IVVE. 122
1 1ERXE JSPSWMX R %QIVMGE HI 7YH. 'SRWX HMRXI-' WMRKYV FYGEX HI
WXSJ TXVEX, IY S HIWGLM^XYV TVME GEVI WI MRXVSHYGI GETYP. 4YRGLS E JSWX
EHSTXEX HI +EVXFEPHM GE YR EXVMFYX ZIWXMQIRXEV.
1 6MHMG-XI, GPYP (V)! (0EX.),
1 (Q R MXEPMER EGIWXI HSY GYZMRXI, KVIY HI XVEHYW R JVERGI^,
PMQF R GEVI GYZMRXIPI I\GIPPIRX WIMKRIYV R-EY S WIQRM3GE'MI IGLMZEPIRX (%P.
(YQEW),
1 2IRZMR#M EY PYTXEX, 8 JIFVYEVMI 1846 (MX.).
'IPSV 36 HI MXEPMIRM QSV'M PE 8 JIFVYEVMI 1846 (3.
184 HI MXEPMIRM TI GQTYP HI PE 7ER-%RXSRMS (JV.).
1 7EPZEHSV 6SWE (1615-1673), TMGXSV, TSIX #M QY^MGMER MXEPMER, RWGYX
ETVSETI HI 2IETSPI.
1 %KSWXM.RS &IVXERM (1812-1886), QIHMG #M TEXVMSX M'EPMER; E PYEX TEVXI PE
MRWYVIG'ME HMR 1MPERS, PE EWIHMYP 6SQIM, GE #M PE I\TIHM'ME GIPSV S QMI EPXYVM
HI'+EVMFEPHM.
1 0YHSZMG-*MPMT--SWMJ (1747-1793) TVMRGMTI JVERGI^ HMR VEQYVE HI
3VPIERW, GYRSWGYX WYF RYQIPI HI *MPMT-)KE-MXI, HEXSVMX VSPYPYM NYGEX R
6IZSPY'ME JVERGI^; XEXP VIKIPYM 0YHSZMG-'*MPMT.
2 %YXSVYP WI VIJIV PE JETXYP G %YWXVME, TVMR HMREWXME HI ,EFWFYVK,
WXTRIE RY RYQEM 0SQFEVHME #M TVSZMRGME :IRI'ME, HEV #M I\IVGMXE HMVIGX
MR4YIR'E #M EWYTVE 1EVIPYM HYGEX EP 8SWGERIM, HYGEXIPSV HI 4EVQE #M 4MEGIR^E,
HYGEXYPYM HI 1SHIRE #M 6ITYFPMGMM 0YGGE, EM GVSV GSR
3 'MVS 1IRSXXM (1798-1831), TEXVMSX MXEPMER, MRM'MEXSV EP MRWYVIG'MIM HMR
1SHIRE, GSRHEQREX PE QSEVXI TVMR WTR^YVXSEVI. R QIQSVME PYM, +EVMFEPHM
E HEX RYQIPI HI 1IRSXXM TVMQYPYM WY GSTMP.
K *VERGMWU EP 11-PIE (1768-1835). QTVEX EP %YWXVMIM HYT 1806, RWGYX
PE *PSVIR'E, XEXP 1EVMIM-0YM^E, E HSYE WS'MI E PYM 2ETSPISR -;
4 *IVHMRERH EP :PP-PIE. (1784-1833), VIKI EP 7TERMIM, VIZSGEX HI
2ETSPISR - R 1808 #M VIRXVSREX HYT ;EXIVPSS. % JSWX TVMQYP WYZIVER EFWSPYX,
GSRWXVRW W VIGYRSEWG M GSRWXMXY'MI GY GEVEGXIV E#E-^MW PMFIVEP #M GEVI E
WIVZMX MPVGTX QSHIP TIRXVY WXEXIPI MXEPMIRI.
%HYRVM RWVGMREXI, R WXEXIPI MFIVMGI, W HMWGYXI -IVRMM# #M W ZSXI^I
MQTS^MXIPI.
*PSVIWXERS 4ITI (1778-1851), KIRIVEP MXEPMER, GEVI QTVIYR GY JVEXIPI
WY E MRWXEYVEX R 1820 YR KYZIVR PMFIVEP PE 2IETSPI.
5 -R GVIHMR'E G QENIWXEXIE-WE VIKIPI QTMRW HI EGIPIE#M GSRWMHIVE'MM,
ZE RZIWXM EGIEWX LSXVVI GY ETVSFEVIE WE WYZIVER: GSRWXMXY'ME 7TERMIM ZE
3 TVSQYPKEX #M SFWIVZEX GE PIKI E WXEXYPYM.
5 -WXSVMSKVE3E QSHIVR E MHIRXM3GEX GE EYXSV EP W'GVMWSVMM TI +MYWITTI
1E^^MRM.
6 &VS2IVMS, ,MWXFMVI HY 4MIQSRX (R.E.).
7 2EZ RWVGMREX GY WYTVEZIKLIVIE GSEWXIPSV #M REVQEX, GSRJSVQ
HMWTS^M'MMPSV EYXSVMX'MPSV TSVXYEVI.
8 'SVEFMI Y#SEV IY HSY GEXEVKI.
9 2EZMKE'MI HI-E PYRKYP GSEWXIPSV.
10 %GIWXI IZIRMQIRXI GEVI WI TIXVIGIEY RXV-YR PSG YRHI RY WI E4E
+EVMFEPHM #M GEVI RY WYRX VIHEXI EMGM HIGX GE I\TPMGE'MM MWXSVMGI, WYRX PYEXI HMR
PYGVEVIE PYM %RKIPS &VS2IVMS EWYTVE 4MIQSRXYPYM (R. IH JV.).
11 8MT ZIGLM HI REZ HI V^FSM, REVQEX Y#SV #M JSPSWMX QEM EPIW R
STIVE'MYRMPI HI VIGYRSE#XIVI.
'1 -R PMQFE TSVXYKLI^: GT'R HI ^ELV.
13 %YXSVYP WI VIJIV PE GEQTERME HMR 1859, GRH XVYTIPI JVERGS-
TMIQSRXI^I GSQFXIEY EVQEXE EYWXVMEG, MEV +E
14 2YQIPI JIVQIPSV R %QIVMGE HI 7YH.
15 7XTRYP E#I^VMM.
16 ,EMR GEVEGXIVMWXMG PSGYMXSVMPSV HMR EGIWXI 'MRYXYVM.
17 +EVMFEPHM WI VIJIV PE ZMMXSEVIE PYM WS'MI %RMXE, HIGIHEX R 1849, R
QTVINYVVM XVEKMGI.
17 (IWGLM^XYV, SY GETEG, R TYRXI, E YRIM REZI GEVI TIVQMXI EGGIWYP
R RGTIVMPI HI WYF TYRXI.
18 4VSZMRGME 7ERXE 'EXEVMRE IWXI GIE GEVI JYWIWI HEX GE ^IWXVI HI
QTVEXYP &VE^MPMIM WSVIM WEPI, PE GWXSVME IM GY TVMR'YP HI .SMRZMPPI (R.E.).
19 4VSXEKSRMWXYP 1IQSVMMPSV VIRZMI WGIRE QSV'MM WS'MIM WEPI RXQTPEX
R ERYP 1849.
20 %GIWX TEWEN IWXI HMREHMRW EGSTIVMX GY YR ZP HI RXYRIVMG, GGM, HYT
GI P-EQ GMXMX, Q-EQ RXSVW WTVI +EVMFEPHM, ^MGRHY-M:
'MXI#XI EWXE, WGYQTI TVMIXIRI, PYGVYP RY QM WI TEVI PMQTIHI.
)P GMXM RXV-EHIZV;TI YVQ, HYT S GPMT, QM WTYWI, WYWTMRRH:
%WXE E#E XVIFYMI W VQR.
(SY ^MPI QEM XV^MY IP QM XVMQMWI YR GEMIX MRXMXYPEX M '%RMXE +EVMFEPHM
(RSXE PYM %P. (YQEW).
21 ) ZSVFE HI 1EXXS +VSWWS (R PMQFE TSVXYKLI^, THYVI HIEW).
2YQIPI YRYM WXEX HMR &VE^MPME, PE RSVH HI +VER 'LMEGS.
21 7 RI 3I RKHYMX W RI WPYNMQ HI I\TVIWME MXEPMER GEVI R-EVI
IGLMZEPIRX R JVERGI^, HIPPE KIRXI 'M GEVI RWIEQR: FVFE'M, JIQIM, GSTMM,
GPXSVM, RIKYWXSVM, ZEKEFSR^M IXG. IXG. (%P. (YQEW).
21 %RXE IWXI YR ERMQEP HI RP'MQIE YRYM QKEV, GY HIWZV#MVI
MRSJIRWMZ, E GVYM GEQI IWXI HIPMGMSEW. (MR TMIPIE PYM WI JEG HMJIVMXI SFMIGXI
HI QEVI IPIKERX. )Y RY -EQ Z^YX RMGMSHEX (R.E.).
22 9RMX'M HI QWYV JSPSWMXI R 'VMPI ERKPS-WE\SRI X TMGMSVYP ! 0,3048
Q; MRGM ! 2,54 GQ.
23 *ETX RHV^RIE'.
23 ) ZSVFE HI WJV#MXYP WIGSPYPYM EP <:----PIE.
24 2EZ HI V^FSM HI QMG XSREN, REVQEX Y#SV #M EZRH QSFMPMXEXI QEVI
R EG'MYRI.
25 -QTSVXERX GIRXVY HMR %VKIRXMRE RSVH-SVMIRXEP, GETMXEPE TVSZMRGMIM. GY
EGIPE#M RYQI, WMXYEX ETVSETI HI GSR4YIR'E 4YZMMPSV 4EVER GY 4EVEKYE].
26 *VRKLMI XIVQMREX GY YR PE' #M QRYMX GY S XILRMG WTIGMEP R
%QIVMGE HI 7YH, TIRXVY GETXYVEVIE GEZEPMRIPSV #M FSZMRIPSV HI TI RXMRWIPI
TEQTEWYVM.
* -RWXVYQIRX JSPSWMX HI GVIWGXSVMM EVKIRXMRMIRM TIRXVY E TVMRHI
ERMQEPIPI R JYK. TVMR RGSPGMVIE #M QTMIHMGEVIE QIQFVIPSV PSV TSWXIVMSEVI.
27 2YQI WYF GEVI EVMWXSGVE'MM JVERGI^M HIWIQREWIV, R 1789, EG'MYRIE
VIZSPY'MSREVMPSV.
28 .SWI HI 7ER-1EVXMR (1778-1850), IVEY EP MRHITIRHIR'IM WYH-
EQIVMGERI, KIRIVEP #M SQ TSPMXMG'HI SVMKMRI EVKIRXMRMER, IPMFIVEXSVYP WXEXIPSV
'LMPI #M 4IVY. HI WYF HSQMRE'ME WTERMSP.
28 :MGXSVME REZEP ^HVSFMXSEVI, E PYM 3IXEZMER-%YKYW* EWYTVE 4SXIM
GSQFMREXI E PYM 1EVG %RXSRMY #M E 'PISTEXVIM (31 .I.R.).
28 7IVEX, WMRHVS3I (WTER.)..
28 'PYKV (HI PE GYZRXYP WTERMSP, ' JVEMPI).
29 %VQE PE SGLM! (*V.).
29 .YWXS .SWI HI 9VUYM^E (1800-1870), KIRIVEP #M SQ TSPMXMG EVKIRXMRMER.
1EM RXM GSPEFSVEXSV, ETSM EHZIVWEV EP HMGXEXSVYPYM .YER 6SWEW, P-E RZMRW #M W-E
TVSGPEQEX HMGXEXSV (1852). 4VI#IHMRXI EP %VKIRXMRIM HYT 1854. % QYVMX
EWEWMREX.
29 4Y WIGEX (WTR.).
30 4ETE 4MYW EP -<-PIE (1792-1878), E JSWX WEPYXEX PE RGITYXYP
TSRXM3GEXYPYM WY (1846), TIRXVY EXMXYHMRIE WE PMFIVEP: PMFIVXEXIE QSHIVEX E
TVIWIM; MRWXMXYMVIE 'SRWMPMYPYM GSRWYPXEXMZ HI WXEX #M E KV^MM GMZMGI; TVSQYPKEVIE
YRIM GSRWXMXY'MM GEVI EGSVHE YRIPI HVITXYVM HIQSGVEXMGI. 'YVRH RW E XVIGYX
TI TS^M'MM RIX VIEG'MSREVI, VIXVKRH XSEXI GSRGIWMMPI JGYXI, TVSQSZRH
HSKQE MRJEMPMFMPMX'MM TETIM #M GSRHEQRRH TVMR IRGMGPMGE 7MPPEFYW, SVMGI
GSRGIT'MI PMFIVEP. 7-E GSRWXMXYMX TVM^SRMIV R :EXMGER PE MRXVEVIE XVYTIPSV
MXEPMIRI R 6SQE, R 1870.
31 +EVMFEPHM E JSWX ZMGXMQE EGIPSVE#M MPY^MM GE #M GSRE'MSREPMM WM.
32 'MXMXSVYP RY-M GYRSE#XI RG TI EGI#XM EP'M XVIM QEVXMVM EM PMFIVX'MM
MXEPMIRI; HEV R GYVRH ZE JEGI GYRS#XMR' GY IM. +EVMFEPHM, GEVI RY WGVME WTVI
E 3 XMTVMX, #M ZSVFI#XI RXVYGXZE PYM RWY#M, #M RY GMXMXSVMPSV (%P, (YQEW).
33 ) ZSVFE HI RJVRKIVIE HI PE 'YWXS^^E (ETVSETI HI :IVSRE), HMR ZEVE
ERYPYM 1.848, GRH 'EVSP %PFIVX E JSWX WMPMX W WIQRI^I EVQMWXM'MYP.
34 -RWYVIG'ME HMR 1MPERS, RYQMX E GIPSV GMRGM ^MPI HISEVIGI PYTXIPI HI
WXVEH RGITYXI PE 18 QEVXMI 1848 WI WJV#MV PE 22 E VIY#MX W WGSEX HMR
QIXVSTSPE PSQFEVH XVYTIPI EYWXVMIGI EPI PYM 6EHIX^O].
35 2MGSPEW-'LEVPIW-:MGXSV 3YHMRSX, HYGI HI 6IKKMS, KIRIVEP JVERGI^,
GEVI HMR SVHMRYP PYM 2ETSPISR EP ----PIE E MRWXMXYMX EWIHMYP 6SQIM R 1849.
36 4IPPIKVMRS 6SWWM (1787-1848), TVMQ-QMRMWXVY EM 7XEXYPYM TETEP,
EWEWMREX PE 6SQE R XMQTYP YRIM VWGSEPI TSTYPEVI.
37 2MRS &M\MS (1821-1873), KIRIVEP MXEPMER, YRYP HMR GIM QEM ETVSTME'M
GSPEFSVEXSVM EM PYM +EVMFEPHM, JEMQSW TVMR RHV^RIEPE #M FVEZYVE WE. % TEVXMGMTEX
PE XSEXI QSQIRXIPI MQTSVXERXI EPI JYVMVMM YRMX'MM MXEPMIRI.
38 )Y RY JEG EMGM YR VSQER, IY TYFPMG 1IQSVMM. 7YRX, E#EHEV, WMPMX W
XVEHYG XI\XYEP. )Y RY HI^QMRX, RMGM RY E3VQ: IY MRWXVYMIWG YR TVSGIW REMRXIE
EGIWXYM QEVI #M YPXMQ NYHIGXSV GEVI WI RYQI#XI %HIZVYP (%P, (YQEW).
39 %PI\ERHVI-%YKYWXI 0IHVY-6SPPMR (1807-1874), EZSGEX #M SQ TSPMXMG
JVERGI^, QIQFVY EP KYZIVRYPYM TVSZM^SVMY. HMR 1848. % JSWX YRYP HMR TVSQSXSVMM
WYJVEKMYPYM YRMZIVWEP.
40 *IVHMRERH HI 0IWWITW (1805-1894), HMTPSQEX JVERGI^, EQFEWEHSV PE
6SQE R QSQIRXYP TVSGPEQVMM 6ITYFPMGMM VSQERI. 9PXIVMSV, E GSRHYW PYGVVMPI
HI JSVEVI EPI 'EREPYPYM HI 7YI^ #M E RGITYX PYGVVMPI 'EREPYPYM 4EREQE.
41 -EX GYQ HIWGVMI EGIEWX PYTX MWXSVMGYP :IGGLM, YRYA 7MRXVI GIM QEM
GYVENS#M ETVXSVM EM 6SQIM: 2I E4EQ RGLM#M R ZMPE 7TEHE, YRHI 'MRIEQ
TMITX YRYM JSG RKVS^MXSV HI QYWGLIXI #M HI GEVEFMRI. RGITIEQ
41 8EHIYW /SWGMYW^OS (1746-1817). KIRIVEP TSPSRI^ GEVE E PYEX TEVXI PE
MRWYVIG'MMPI QTSXVMZE 6YWMIM 'EVMWXI.