MIS PLANNING AND

DEVELOPMENT
Information system
planning
ISP is the planning of information systems for
an organization.
Information system planning is assessing the
information needs of an organization and
defining the systems, databases and
technologies that best satisfy those needs.
Planning and
development
Planning of information system


A.Development of long range plans:

It focuses efforts and resources on long-term, general
objectives and yet provides a foundation for short-term
activities
Provides a framework for action.
It involves thinking ahead and designing future
action
 Cont……
B. content of the MIS plan
First MIS is a major corporate asset
 provides benefits
 uses resources- Money
The planning process provides support for
business objects
the planning process allocates resources
based upon priorities
in THEORY the MIS plan should be aligned with
the Corporate business strategy

 Cont………
C. MIS goals and objectives
 1. it should provide online information on the

stock, market and the accounts balance.

 2. the query processing should not exceed

more than three seconds.

 3. the focus of the system will be on the end

user computing and access facilities.

A linkage between MIS &
Business Plans
 the MIS plan refers to the requirements of
the business plan
 the MIS plan is checked against the
business plan
 the corporate business plan states the
informational needs
 non-MIS managers participate in the MIS
planning process
 MIS managers participate in the business
planning process
 Corporate and MIS calendars are in sink
with each other.

 BUSINESS PLAN VERSUS MIS
PLAN
BUSINESS PLAN MIS PLAN
Business goals and objectives MIS goals, objectives consistent to
business goals and objectives.
Business plan and strategy Information strategy for the business
plan
Strategy planning and decision Architecture
Implementationof the management
playing a supportive
information
role. system to support
Management plan for execution and System
decision.development schedule,
control. matching the plan execution.
Operation plan for the execution Hardware and software plan for the
procurement and the implementation.
The architecture of the
MIS
The architecture of the MIS plan provides a
system structure and their input, output and
linkages.
Architectural approach is used for planning,
analyzing, designing, and implementing
applications within an enterprise.
The system development
schedule
This development schedule is to be weighed
against the time scale for achieving certain
information requirement linked to a business
plan. If these are not fully met, it is necessary
to revise the time schedule and also the
development schedule, whenever necessary.
For example: it is necessary to develop the

accounting system first and then the analysis.

Hardware and software
The selection of the architecture , the
plan
approach to the information system
development and the choice of the
hardware and software are the
strategic decisions in the design and
development of the MIS in the
organization.
Hardware/Software
Alternatives

• Hardware:
– Use in-house hardware:

• Personal computer system

• Multiple-user computer system

• Networked computer system

– Use external hardware (outsource)


• Software:
 – Develop custom software using in-house programmers

 – Have custom software developed by contract programmers

 (outsource software development – onshore or offshore)

 – Purchase packaged software

 – Purchase packaged software and modify

 – Use external software (outsources)

development of information
system

A. Development and implementation of the MIS.
The development strategy determines where to begin and
in what sequence the development can take place with
the sole objective of assuring the information support

B. Prototype approach
Building a scaled-down working version of the
 system
Advantages:

Users are involved in design

Captures requirements in concrete form




 Cont……..
C. Life cycle approach:
The systems that can be developed in

systematic manner, and can be reviewed after

a year or two, for significant modification if
any...

 cont……….
D. Implementation: tow steps
Conversion
training
Conversion: switching old system to new
Four basic strategies
 Parallel conversion: old system used with new
system at first
 Phased conversion: break IS into modules and
integrate one at a time
 Cut-over conversion: immediately replace all
 Pilot conversion: introduce in one business unit
at a time
Cont…….
 SYSTEM ANALYSIS
It traditionally involves a detailed study of:
The information needs of the organization and its
end-users.
The activities, resources, and products of any
present information systems.
The information system capabilities required t meet
the information needs of users.
System analysis of the activities:

§ Analysis of the organizational environment

§ Analysis of any present system,
§ System requirements analysis
§ System requirements.



 SURVEY PHASE
The purpose of the survey phase is to
determine the worthiness of the project and
to create a plan to complete those projects.
It includes:
Survey problems, opportunities and solutions,
Negotiate project scope
Plan the project
Present the project

SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT LIFE
CYCLE
 SDLS
Systems development life cycle (SDLC)
 Provides overall framework for managing
systems development process
Two main approaches to SDLC
Predictive approach – assumes project can be
planned out in advance
Adaptive approach – more flexible, assumes
project cannot be planned out in advance
All projects use some variation of SDLC

Systems Development
Lifecycle (SDLC)
The SDLC is composed of 5 major Phases
 Grouping of related activities

Three major activities

Analysis: understanding business needs
Design: conceptualizing computer-system
solution
Implementation: construction, testing, and
installation
Two additional phases
Project planning
Support

Iteration Across Life Cycle Phases

§ Work done once, then

again
§ “Nobody gets it right
the first time”
§ Iterations may be driven
by:
§ Critical functionality
§ Subsystems
§ Typically, most complex
and risky parts of
system dealt with first

 SYSTEM ANALYST
 Systems Analyst
Key individuals in the systems
development process

Skills of a Successful Systems Analyst

 Analytical
 Understanding of organizations
 Problem solving skills
System thinking

Ability to see organizations and information systems as

systems

 Technical
Understanding of potential and limitations of technology

 Management
Ability to manage projects, resources, risk and change

 Interpersonal
Effective written and oral communication skills
FEASIBILITY OF SYSTEMS
Feasibility study begins when a problem is
identified by managers and users of MIS
department. In this phase, the system analyst
visits the MIS department and starts
preliminary investigations
. The investigations mainly focuses on following

question:
üWhat are the major problems in the existing
system?
For example: management does not know the

stock position of various parts on time and the

production process is considerably delayed due
to out of stock positions of required parts.
Types of Feasibility
Organizational feasibility
– Does the IS provide the required support for
business operations and/or management
Technical feasibility

– Is it possible to develop the IS using existing

technology?
Operational feasibility

– Will the IS be accepted by users?

Economic feasibility

– Is the IS economically justified?

– Do the benefits of the IS outweigh the costs
over the expected life of the system?
(typically 3 to 7 years)
DATA FLOW DIGRAM
Data flow diagram (DFD): describes flow of
data
Four symbols
External entities
Processes

Data stores
Direction of data flow

DFD CONT……..
 DATA FLOW DIGRAM
DFD symbols
External entities are external individuals and
groups
Processes are events that change data
Data store is resting data
Data flow is direction that data moves
Simplicity of DFD is advantage
DFD suitable for describing non-computer
based IS
DFD cannot describe system completely

 SYSTEM DESIGN
system analysis describe what a system
should do to meet the information needs of
users, the strategy specifies how the system
will accomplish the objectives.
It consists of both logical and physical design
activities.
1. Logical Design

 Concentrates on business aspects of the system

2. Physical Design

 Technical specifications
Systems design: three steps
Description
Construction
SYSTEM DESIGN
THANK YOU