STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS FORMULAS

SINGLE DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS

Governing equation ) (t F ku u c u m = + + & & & or 0 2
2
= + + u u u & & &
Free, damped response ) cos( ) (

=

t Ge t u
d
t
, mk c T
m
k
cr
2 ,
2
, = = =

Damping ratio, damped frequency
2
1 , ln
2
1

= =
+
d
n i
i
cr
u
u
n c
c

FORCED VIBRATION (HARMONIC)
Harmonic excitation, t F t F cos ) ( =
) cos( ) cos( ) (

+ =

t A t Ge t u
d
t


2
2 2 2
1
2
tan ,
) 2 ( ) 1 (

-
k F
A =
+
=
Base excitation, t Y t u
g
cos ) ( =
) cos( ) cos( ) (

+ =

t A t Ge t u
d
t


2
2 2 2
2
1
2
) tan( ,
) 2 ( ) 1 (

- Y
A
=
+
=
FORCED VIBRATION (ARBITRARY)
Response to arbitrary force, F t ( ) (Duhamel)

=

t
d
t
d
d t e
m
F
t u
0
) (
) ( sin
) (
) (

Response to arbitrary ground acceln, && ( ) u t
g

=

t
d
t
d
g
d t e
u
t u
0
) (
) ( sin
) (
) (

& &

VIBRATION ISOLATION
Harmonic source (force or base motion)
T = ratio of amplitude of transmitted quantity
to amplitude of source
2 2 2
2
) 2 ( ) 1 (
) 2 ( 1

+
+
= T
RESPONSE SPECTRA
Spectral displacement
max
) ( ) , ( t u T S
D
=
Spectral pseudo velocity
D V
S T S = ) , (
Spectral pseudo acceleration
D A
S T S
2
) , ( =
MULTI-DEGREE OF FREEDOM SYSTEMS (bold type denotes matrix or vector)
Governing (t) F Ku u C u M = + + & & &
Free vibration 0 M K = ) (
2

Generalised stiffness, mass
i
T
i i i
T
i i
M K = = M K ,
Rayleigh quotient
i
i
i
M
K
=
2

Governing equation (modal, ground motion) ) ( 2
2
t u P Y Y Y
g i i i i i i i
& &
& & &
= + +
Governing equation (modal, applied force)
i
T
i
i i i i i i
M
t
Y Y Y
) (
2
2
F
= + +
& & &

Modal participation factor
i
T
i
T
i
i
P

=
M
Mi

Modal mass participation ratio

=
i
i i
pi
m
P M
M
2