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25
5m
/s
1770 m
D RE
74.4
2500 m
605 m
Note: Figure is not drawn to scale
How high above the mountain does the projectile pass?
FE2
RE
Fscale
FE1
x
vi (cos )
so that
1
y = vi (sin )t g (t)2
2
2
1
x
x
g
= vi (sin )
vi (cos )
2 vi (cos )
2
gx
= x(tan ) 2
2vi (cos )2
The distance above the peak is
h = y hmountain
= (2500 m)(tan 74.4 )
(9.81 m/s2 )(2500 m)2
10.0 points
s !
3
RE correct
1. D = 1 +
2
s
GME
2. D =
3RE
s !
1
RE
3. D = 1 +
3
4. D = 3RE
s
GME
5. D =
2
3RE
6. D = RE
7. D = 3RE
s !
2
RE
8. D = 1 +
3
s
3GME
9. D =
2
RE
10. D =
2. T2 = m2 ( g a) T1 .
2GME
2
3RE
Explanation:
For you to stand stationary on the surface
of the Earth,
FE2 =
3. T2 = T1 m2 (a g) .
4. T2 = T1 + m2 ( a) .
5. T2 = F + T1 m2 ( g + a) .
FE2 +
6. T2 = T1 + m2 ( g) .
7. T2 = T1 m2 ( g + a) . correct
8. T2 = T1 m2 ( g) .
9. T2 = T1 + m2 ( g + a) .
2FE1
3
10. T2 = T1 m2 g + F m2 a .
We know that
Explanation:
From inspection, the net force acting on m2
is T1 T2 m2 g, so the equation of motion
is given by
GME2 m
2GME1 m
=
2
2
(D RE )
3RE
3 2
= (D RE )2
RE
2
s
3
D = RE +
RE > 2RE
2
T1 T2 m2 g = m2 a .
Solving for T2 gives
T2
T1
m2
m1
T2 = T1 m2 ( g + a)
004 10.0 points
The plot shows x(t) for a particle.
x
t
Which statement is correct about the motion?
1. The particle slows down, comes momentarily to a rest, then returns with increasing
speed to its starting point. correct
1. T2 = T1 m2 ( g a) .
mv /R = N sin
Since the car only accelerates in the radially
inward direction, the y-component of the normal force must be equal and opposite to the
gravitational force giving
may = N cos mg = 0
Eliminating N
from the above equations, we
v2
get = arctan
.
gR
006
10.0 points
A body oscillates with simple harmonic motion along the x-axis. Its displacement varies
with time according to the equation
x(t) = A cos( t) .
Given the maximum acceleration amax =
1.5 m/s2 , the period T = 3 s, determine the
amplitude of oscillation, A.
Correct answer: 0.341959 m.
Explanation:
The acceleration is the rate of change
of the velocity and so its also the second
time derivative of the position of the object, i.e. a = dv/dt = d2 x/dt2 . Thus we
have a = 2 A cos( t), which has a maximum amplitude of amax = A 2 . We need
only the angular frequency which is related
to the period by = 2/T so in the end:
2 2
T 2
amax = A
giving A = amax
.
T
2
2.3 5.6
4
x8
x
where the units of x are length and the numbers 2.3 and 5.6 have appropriate units so
that U (x) has units of energy.
What is the equilibrium separation of the
atoms (that is the distance at which the force
between the atoms is zero)?
Correct answer: 0.952012.
Explanation:
The force as a function of position can be
calculated as the negative of the derivative of
U (x);
dU
dx
(18.4) (22.4)
=
x9
x5
F (x) =
6. Figure II
008 10.0 points
Which of the diagrams corresponds to a system of two electrons that are fired into space
in opposite directions (i.e. they are separated
by some initial distance and have initial velocities in opposite directions)? Assume they
only interact with each other.
Note that the horizontal and vertical axes
in each plot are the separation between the
particles and energy, respectively.
K +U
(I)
(II)
K
U
K +U
r
U
(III)
(IV)
K +U
K +U
K +U
U
(VI)
r
m v = (m + M ) vi ,
K +U
K
U
1. Figure V
2. Figure I correct
3. Figure IV
4. Figure VI
5. Figure III
Explanation:
From conservation of momentum,
(V)
Explanation:
When the electrons are fired, they have
both kinetic and potential energy. They gain
kinetic energy from to their Coulomb repulsion as they move apart and their electric
potential energy decreases to zero at so
that all of their energy becomes kinetic. If
they were fired at each other and collided,
all of their energy would be potential energy
and they would turn around where the total
energy graph intersects the potential energy
graph. Thus the correct answer is Figure (I).
where vi is the velocity of the ball-bullet system immediately after the impact. Plugging
in m = M/2, we have
v
vi = .
3
From conservation of energy, Ei = Ef , with
1
Ei = (m + M ) vi2.
2
At the highest point of the trajectory, the
energy
Ef = KE + P E
1
= (m + M ) vf2 + 2(m + M ) g .
2
Therefore,
1
1
(m + M ) vf2 = (m + M ) vi2
2
2
2(m + M ) g ,
m2 v4 cos = m1 v1 m1 v3 cos
(1)
= (0.43 kg) (7.4 m/s)
(0.43 kg) (5.2 m/s) cos 49
= 1.71505 kg m/s .
or
Vertically
vf2 = vi2 4 g
v2
4g
9
= 5 g .
so that
m2 v4 sin = m2 v2 m1 v3 sin
(2)
= (1.5 kg) (4.4 m/s)
(0.43 kg) (5.2 m/s) sin 49
= 4.91247 kg m/s .
This implies
vf =
=
5g
5(9.8 m/s2 )(3 m)
Thus
= 12.1244 m/s .
010
m2 v4 sin
m2 v4 cos
(4.91247 kg m/s)
=
(1.71505 kg m/s)
= 2.86433 ,
tan =
10.0 points
after
before
m1
v1
m1
v3
v4
v2
m2
and
m2
= arctan(2.86433)
= 70.7548 .
Solution: Horizontally
m1 v1 + m2 (0) = m1 v3 cos + m2 v4 cos ,
1. I =
M L2
012
10.0 points
M L2
M L2
M L2
5. I = 10 M L2
6. I = 9 M L2
7. I = 16 M L2 correct
58
M L2
9
64
9. I =
M L2
3
110
10. I =
M L2
9
Explanation:
8. I =
Let :
m1 = 3 M
m2 = 7 M
m3 = 6 M
1
L,
2
1
at r2 = L ,
2
3
at r3 = L .
2
at r1 =
and
2
3
1
L = M L2 ,
= (3 M )
2
4
2
1
7
L = M L2 , and
= (7 M )
2
4
2
27
3
L =
M L2 , so
= (6 M )
2
2
8.
(M m)R
sin
3R
cos
(2 M + m)R
cos
R
2 sin
3 cos
R
3R
correct
sin
3R
2 sin
R
sin
~ f = mR2 + M R2 .
L
3R
.
sin
m = 3 kg ,
vi = 1.16 m/s ,
yi = 0.8 m , and
g = 9.8 m/s2 .
Since the potentials involved are all conservative, the final energy is equal to the initial
energy. The spring only acts to reverse the
direction of the block so:
1
1
Ei = mgyi + mvi2 = Ef = mgyf + mvf2
2
2
We set vf = 0 and then cancel out the masses
on both sides of the equation which leaves us
with
v2
yf = yi + i
2g
yf = 0.8 m +
(1.16 m/s)2
= 0.8687 m
2(9.8 m/s2 )
m
Find moment of inertia of the equipment
(including the turntable) in terms of magnitudes of given variables.
2 3gh
1. I = m r
1
2 v2
2 2gh
2. I = m r
1 correct
v2
2 3gh
1
3. I = m r
v2
2 gh
4. I = m r
1
v2
3gh
2
2 v2
Explanation:
From conservation of energy,
Krot + Ktrans + U = 0
1 v 2 1
I
+ m v2 = m g h
2
r
2
v2
= 2 m g h r2 m r2 .
r2
2 2gh
I = mr
1 .
v2
keywords:
015 10.0 points
A student weighing 700 N climbs at constant
speed to the top of an 8 m vertical rope in 10
s.
What is the average power expended by the
student to overcome gravity?
1. 87.5 W
2. 1.1 W
3. 560 W correct
4. 875 W
5. 5600 W
Explanation:
Let :
F = 700 N ,
d = 8 m , and
t = 10 s .
P =Fv=F
8m
d
= (700 N)
= 560 W .
t
10 s
p p + pbb
pbb 2 p .
However, it must also be true that the KE
of the recoiling golf ball is only slightly less
than it was initially (since it has nearly the
same speed), so the KE of the struck bowling
ball must be much smaller and equal to that
small difference.
017 10.0 points
A horizontal, nonuniform beam of mass M
and length is hinged to a vertical wall at
one side, and attached to a wire on the other
end. The bar is motionless and a wire exerts
a force T at an angle of with respect to the
vertical.
xcm
xcm
m~g
xcm =
mg
4
(35 N)
5
= 0.4 .
=
(7 kg)(10 m/s2 )
4. 0.666667
5. 0.16
6. Not enough information is given.
7. 0.32
8. 0.5 , of course
9. 0.375
10. 0.3
Explanation:
Consider the free-body diagram, with the
forces due to the wall not shown:
mh
mc
mAl
cw
cAl
Tc
Th
= 226 g ,
= 64 g ,
= 24 g ,
= 1 cal/g C ,
= 0.215 cal/g C ,
= 30 C , and
= 95 C .
10
Tf =
mh cw Th + mAl cAl Tc + mc cw Tc
mh cw + mAl cAl + mc cw
Since
mh cw Th + mAl cAl Tc + mc cw Tc
= (226 g) (1 cal/g C) (95 C)
+ (24 g) (0.215 cal/g C) (30 C)
+ (64 g) (1 cal/g C) (30 C)
= 23544.8 cal and
mh cw + mAl cAl + mc cw
= (226 g) (1 cal/g C)
+ (24 g) (0.215 cal/g C)
+ (64 g) (1 cal/g C)
= 295.16 cal/C ,
then the equilibrium temperature will be
Tf =
23544.8 cal
= 79.7696C .
295.16 cal/C
019
10.0 points
vCM
.
R
Explanation:
Apply the Energy Principle to the system
of the hoop plus the Earth. The ramp does
11
W = 352 N ,
Wp = 355 N .
zero work on the hoop since the point of application of the force has zero displacement (i.e.,
the wheel rolls without slipping), so energy is
conserved.
and
Nw
Ei = Ef
K i + Ui = K f + Uf
K i + 0 = 0 + Uf
1
1
2
M vCM
+ Ii2 = M gh
2
2
1
1
M (i R)2 + M R2 i2 = M gh
2
2
M R2 i2 = M gh
Ff
Wp
Nf
s
= arccos = arccos
For equilibrium
X
~ = 0 and
F
X
13 m
P ivot
2 R2
h= i
g
020 10.0 points
A 13 m ladder whose weight is 352 N is
placed against a smooth vertical wall. A
person whose weight is 355 N stands on the
ladder a distance 5.6 m up the ladder. The
foot of the ladder rests on the floor 9.23 m
from the wall.
= Wp d cos +W
9.23 m
13 m
= 44.7651
~ = 0 .
cos Nw sin = 0 ,
2
5.6 m
b
355 N
9.23 m
2 Wp d + W cos
2
sin
2 (355 N)(5.6 m) + (352 N)(13 m)
=
2 (13 m)
cos 44.7651
sin 44.7651
= 331.631 N .
Fw =
Explanation:
Let :
= 13 m ,
d = 5.6 m ,
s = 9.23 m ,
12
Now, lets be careful about the displacements. Taking the back-to-front direction to
be positive, we have the boat moving backward, so
Xboat = 3.59 m < 0.
As to the man, his displacement relative to the
boat is the boats full length (back to front),
so
Xrel = +Lboat = +7.3 m,
Vf
Pi Tf
=
.
Vi
Pf Ti
Pi = Pa + g h , Pf = Pa and V r 3 , so
and
d3f
(Pa + g h)Tf
Pa Ti
g h Tf
= 1+
Pa
Ti
s
df
g h Tf
3
1+
=
.
di
Pa
Ti
d3i
Pa = 1.01 105 Pa ,
h = 4.64 m ,
Ti = 4 C = 277 K , and
Tf = 17.9 C = 290.9 K .
Let :
Since
Xman
Xboat
+3.71 m
= 51.8 kg
+3.59 m
= 53.5315 kg.
Mboat = Mman
1+
gh
= 1 + 1000 kg/m3
Pa
9.8 m/s2 (4.64 m)
1.01 105 Pa
= 1.45022 ,
T
P
13
14!6!
Explanation:
Entropy is defined as S = kB ln where
is the number of possible microstates, which
is the number of ways to arrange q quanta in
n harmonic oscillators, i.e.
=
(n 1 + q)!
(n 1)! q!
22 21
= kb ln
87
33
= kb ln
4
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
L4 2 L5
+
2
5
5
2B L
5
AL4 B L5
+
6
10
2
ML
3
A L3 B L4
+
4
5
4
AL
B L5
+
correct
4
5
7. AL3 + B L4
AL3 B L5
+
3
5
A L2 B L3
+
9.
2
3
Explanation:
To calculate the moment of inertia, we need
to integrate each segment of the rod of mass
8.
so we get
A x4 B x5 L
+
=
,
4
5 0
I=
A L4 B L5
+
.
4
5
C
R2 air vt2
2
14
1
1
I 2 = L .
2
2
4R3
W =
wood g.
3
4R3
C
R2 air vt2 =
wood g,
2
3
Thus
and hence
r
8 wood
Rg = 47.4662 m/s.
vt =
3C air
026
10.0 points
15
C) Air resistance
D) The electric force between an atomic nucleus and an electron
E) Friction force
1. A,B,C,D,E
2. A,D,E
3. A,B,D,E
4. B
5. C,E
6. A
7. A,B,C,E
8. C,D,E
9. A,B,D correct
10. A,B
Explanation:
The work due to a conservative force only
depends on the initial and final positions, being completely independent of the path taken.
This is true of the gravitational force, the
spring force, and the electric force, but is also
true for any force that is constant in both
magnitude and direction.
The directions of the forces of friction and
air resistance both depend on the direction
in which the object in question is moving,
and hence the particular path taken from the
initial position to the final position is important. These two are therefore not conservative
forces.
028 10.0 points
A projectile fired into the air suddenly explodes into several fragments.
What can be said about the motion of the
center of mass of the system made up of all
the fragments after the explosion?
4m
3w
3V
4m w
2.
3V
3
3 w V
3.
4
(1 + 3 w ) V
4.
4
3m
4w
5.
4V
m
6.
3w
V
4m
7.
3w correct
V
Explanation:
The buoyant force is the density of the fluid
displaced times the volume displaced and the
object is not moving so buoyancy counteracts
the gravitational force,
1.
1
3
w V g + V g.
4
4
and solving for gives
FB = mg =
4m
3w
V
1. (8 + 3 1)!
2. 8!
3.
16
(8 + 3)!
8!(3 1)!
4. (8 + 3)!
(8 + 3)!
(3 1)!
(8 + 3 1)!
correct
6.
(3 1)!
(8 + 3 1)!
7.
8!3!
5.
8. 8
(8 + 3 1)!
3!
(8 + 3 1)!
10.
8!(3 1)!
9.
Explanation:
There are 8 marbles and (3-1) divisions between bags. The marbles are distinguishable
because of their numbers, but the bag divisions are not. Thus, we must divide by the
number of arrangements of bag divisions:
Number of arrangements =
(8 + 3 1)!
.
(3 1)!