Analysis: Sub-continent in present times

India Pakistan Bangladesh Afghanistan

Geograph
y



Area 2,973,190 km
2

India is the second largest
country in the world. In
2020, the average age of
an Indian will be 29 years
and, by 2030.its borders
surrounded by Pakistan,
china, Bangladesh.

Area:796,095 km
2


Pakistans
population is 180
million and it is 6
th

largest country in
this regard. Urdu
is the national
language.
Its borders are
surrounded by
India,
Afghanistan,, Iran
and china.



Area 147,570 km
2

Bangladesh is
largely ethnically hom
ogeneous, and its
name derives from
the Bengali ethno-
linguistic group which
comprises 98% of
the population. 89%
are Muslims. Its
borders are linked
with India and
Burma.

Area:647,500 km
2

The population of
Afghanistan is 30
million approx.
Afghanistan shares its
borders with china,
Iran Pakistan,
Turkmenistan,
Tajikistan and
Uzbekistan.99% are
Muslims.
Culture The culture of India is the
way of life of the people
and customs differ from
place to place within the
country. The Indian
culture, often labeled as an
amalgamation of several
cultures, spans across the
Indian and has been
influenced by a history that
is several millennia old
The culture of
Pakistan is
greatly influenced
by many of its
neighbors.
The origins of the
current Pakistani
culture can be
traced back to
Indus valley
civilization,
around 5500
years ago. There
are differences
among the ethnic
groups in cultural
aspects such as
dress, food, and
religion. Mostly
Islamic culture is
dominated.
The Bangladeshi
culture is variant and
diversified. The wave
of modernism in 19
and 20
th
century have
played a significant
role in the
development of its
culture. It has the
influences
of Hindus, Jains, Bud
dhism, Islam, and
Christians.. It has a
great heritage of
drama, music and
philosophy.
It is mostly
a rural society and
tribal with different
regions of the country
having their own
native language.
Nearly all Afghans
follow Islamic
traditions, celebrate
the same
holidays, dress the
same, consume the
same food, listen to
the same music, share
the same view about
the world and are
usually multi-lingual.
The culture is
influenced by its
neighboring countries.

Administr
ation
The Administrative
divisions of
India are Indian subnationa
l administrative units; they
Pakistan is a
federation of four
provinces. Each
province has an
elected provincial
Bangladesh is a
democratic republic
with a Unicameral
parliament called
Jatiya Sangsad. The
Afghanistans
president is the head
of state. The president
is directly elected to a
five-year term. He and
Analysis: Sub-continent in present times

compose a nested
hierarchy of country
subdivisions. Indian states
and territories frequently
use different local titles for
the same level of
subdivision. In urban
areas Urban Local
Bodies exists .In the
context of the Indian
Constitution, local
government bodies are the
subject of the State List
and are thereby governed
by State Statutes.

assembly and at
the center there is
a national
assembly in
which every
province is
represented in
proportion to its
population. In
addition, there is
a senate at the
center where
each province is
represented
equally. Every
province is
divided into
districts and
districts are
divided into rural
and urban tehsils
or sub-districts.
head of state is the
president, who is
indirectly elected by
members of the
parliament for a
Maximum of two five-
year terms. The 345
members of
parliament are
directly elected by
Universal .cabinet,
which currently has
45 members.
his administration
have the power to
propose legislation in
the National
Assembly. All laws in
Afghanistan must be
approved by the
National Assembly
and endorsed by the
president, and the
president has the
power to veto any
laws approved by the
legislature.
Afghanistan's
Legislature has 249
seats, and the last
legislative elections
were in 2010.
Societies/
Religion

Hindus are 80%,
Islam (13.4%), Christianity
(2.3%), Sikhism (1.9%),
Buddhism (0.8%)
and Jainism (0.4%) are the
other major religions
followed by the people of
India. The diversity in the
religious belief systems of
India today, is a result of
existence of many native
religions and of religions
brought to the region.
The state religion
in
Pakistan is Islam,
which is practiced
by about 95-
98% The
remaining are 2-
5%
Christianity, Hind
uism, Sikhism an
d other
religions. Muslims
are divided into
two major sects:
the majority of
them
practice Sunni
Islam, while
the Shias an
estimated 10-
15%.
Muslims belong to the
largest Religion of
Bangladesh; they con
stitute 90.4% of the
population, followed
by Hindus, who
constitute 8.2%,
Buddhist, christians
those who practice
other religion.
Religion has always
been a strong part of
identity, but this has
varied at different
times.
Islam is the main
religion of Afghanistan
and over 99% of
Afghans are Muslims
Approximately 80
89% of the population
practice Sunni while
the remaining 1019%
practice Shia and 1%
are followers of other
religions. There are
thousands of
Sikhs and Hindus living
in the country.
Architectur
e


The architecture of India is

Pakistani

Architecture of

Analysis: Sub-continent in present times

rooted in
its history, culture and relig
ion. Indian architecture
progressed with time and
assimilated the many
influences that came as a
result of India's global
discourse with other
regions of the world
throughout its millennia-old
past. Though old,
this Eastern tradition has
also incorporated modern
values as India became a
modern nation state. The
economic reforms of 1991
further bolstered the urban
architecture of India as the
country became more
integrated. Most often
these architects employ a
hybrid style that is a free
mix of Roman, English,
Gothic, Rajasthan and
Mughal styles. This new-
age architectural
aesthetics has redefined
the idea of space. The
emphasis now seems to
be on having more open
spaces, green spaces and
natural lighting

architecture refer
s to the various
structures built
during different
time periods in
the modern day
region of
Pakistan. With
the beginning of
the Indus
civilization around
the middle of
the 3
rd
millennium
B.C., today's
Pakistan an
advanced urban
culture developed
with large
structural
facilities,
predominantly
picture
less Islamic
architecture occur
red. The way
early mosques
were built with
decorations
oriented them
strongly to the
Arab style.
Pakistan modern
architect has
contemporary
style and many
modern building
can be seen
throughout in the
major cities of
Pakistan.
Bangladesh refers to
the architectural
attributes and styles .
The architecture of
Bangladesh has a
long history and is
rooted in
Bangladesh's culture
has evolved over
centuries and
assimilated
influences from
social, religious and
exotic communities.
The architecture of
Bangladesh bears a
remarkable impact on
the lifestyle, tradition
and cultural life .th
Afghanistan contains
striking architectural
remnants of all ages,
including Greek and
Buddhist stupas and
monasteries, arches,
monuments, intricate
Islamic minarets
temples and forts.
Kabul. In the smaller
arts, magnificent light
blue-green fired tile
work is famous in
Herat.
Now after nine eleven,
many of the modern
buildings have been
constructed showing
contemporary design.
Trade &
commerce
trade reforms have
produced remarkable
results. Indias trade to
GDP ratio has increased
from 15 percent to 35
percent of GDP between
1990 and 2005, and the
economy is now among
the fastest growing in the
world. Nonetheless, in
Pakistans
international trade
is suffering from
huge amount of
deficit due to low
demand for its
exports. Domestic
political instability
also accounts for
trade deficit. The
Trading
corporation of
Bangladesh (TCB)
is the backdrop of
scarcities of
essential
consumer items
and industrial raw
materials .The EU
is Bangladesh's
Despite the strong
trade linkages with
Pakistan and higher
costs associated with
Central Asian
products there is
signicant interest
among Afghan traders
in trading with central
Asian states.
Analysis: Sub-continent in present times

recent years, the
governments stand on
trade and investment
policy has displayed a
marked shift from
protecting producers to
benefiting consumers
trade deficit stood
at US$3.946 billion
in 2010.).
This measure
brought about the
decrease in
imports and the
increase in exports,
thus lowering trade
deficits from
US$9.261 billion in
2009 to US$3.946
billion in 2010.

main trading
partner,
accounting for
around 12% of
Bangladesh's total
trade. In 2012,
Bangladesh was
the EU's 35th
largest trading
partner in goods.

Economy

The economy of India is
the 10th largest in the
world). The country is a
developing economy that
is among the top 20 global
traders; it imported a total
of $616.7 billion worth of
merchandise and services
in 2013, India's economic
growth slowed to 4.7% for
the 201314 fiscal year, Its
manufacturing industry has
held a constant share of its
economic contribution,
while the fastest-growing
part of the economy has
been its services sector -
which includes
construction, telecom,
software and information
technologies.
The economy of
Pakistan is the 26
th largest in the.
Thus GDP per
capita is $3,149
ranking. However
, after decades of
war and social
instability, as of
2013, serious
deficiencies in
basic services
such as railway
transportation
and electric
power generation
had developed.
Pakistan has the
tendency to be
among top
nations
economically.
The economy of
Bangladesh is a
rapidly developing. Its
per capita income in
2012 was estimated
to be US$2,800)..The
economy has grown
at the rate of 6-7%
per annum over the
past few years. More
than half of the GDP
is generated by the
service sector.
Bangladesh is
considered as the
next Asian tiger
economy.
The economy of
Afghanistan has
improved significantly
since 2002 due to the
infusion of billions of
dollars in international
assistance and
investments. The
recent improvement is
also due to dramatic
improvements in
agricultural production
and the end of a four-
year drought in most
of the country.
The
nation's GDP stands
at about $34
billion with an
exchange rate of
$19.85 billion, and
the GDP per capita is
about $1,150