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Chapter 4 Section 1 Outline

Population Ecology: Population Dynamics

I. Population Characteristics
A. Population density
The number of organisms per unit area is the population
densinty_____________

B. Spatial distribution
Dispurtion the spacing pattern of a population

Can be uniformed, clumped, or random

Pattern primarily driven by resources such as food





Uniform Random Clumped

C. Population ranges
A species range is its distribution across the environment.

A species might not be able to expand its population range because it
cannot survive the abiotic condition found in the expanded region.

II. Population-Limiting Factors
Limiting factors are biotic or abiotic forces that keep populations from increasing
indefinitely.

Limiting factors are either density ind. or density dependent Density-
independent factors
Any factor in the environment that does not depend on the number of
members in a population per unit area is a density ind. factor

Usually abiotic and include:
Weather
Frire
Human alt.
Pollution


B. Density-dependent factors
Any factor in the environment that depend on the number of members in
a population per unit area is a density d. factor
Often biotic, and include:
predation
disease
competition
Parasites

C. Population growth rate
The pop. Gwt. Rt. (PGR) explains how fast a given population grows.

Natality: birthrate of a population in a given year

emigration: number of individuals moving away from a population

immigration: number of individuals moving into a population

Exponential growth model:

Occurs when growth rate is proportional to population size

All populations grow exponentially until they encounter a limiting
factor








lag time exponential growth

Logistic growth model:
Occurs when a populations growth slows or stops following
exponential growth

A population stops increasing when the number of birth number of
deaths, or when emigration immigration


carrying
capacity


lag phase S-curve

Carrying capacity
Carrying capacity is the maximum number of individuals in a species
that an environment can support