Begin your information search by using your textbook and accessing http://www.nos.noaa.gov/education/tides/ welcome .html As you read through the tutorial, answer the questions below that correspond to each section of the tutorial. What are Tides? 1. What is a basic definition of a tide? ong periodic wa!es that are carried out by the gra!itational pull of both the sun and moon ". What is a high tide? What is a low tide? A high tide is when the highest part of a wa!e called the crest reaches a certain part of the ocean or land and a low tide is when the lowest part of the wa!e called the trough #. What is tidal range? $he tidal range is the difference from the high tide to the low tide What Causes Tides? %. $ides are caused by the gra!itational attraction of what two celestial bodies? &un and 'oon (. What does )ewton*s law of uni!ersal gra!itational state? $hat the gra!itation pull of two forces is proportionate to that of their masses +. Which celestial body has a greater effect on tidal forces on ,arth? &un Gravity, Inertia, and the Two Bulges -. .ow does the moon create a bulge? As gra!ity tries to draw water to the moon, inertia acts against it to keep the water in place but the moons gra!itational pull is much stronger thus pulling the water out to it creating a bulge 1/. What causes a bulge to be created on the opposite side of the ,arth or the 0far side1 from the moon? Because the moon is farther away, its gra!itational pull is less than that of inertia gi!ing it the stronger pull and keeping the water in place Changing ngles and Changing Tides 11. 2escribe how changes in the relati!e positions of the moon and sun change in relation to the ,arth? $hey can all either be in a straight line, at a right angle, or 3ust simply circling eachother 1". At what point is the sun at its minimum declination and its maximum declination? $he sun is at its minimum declination at the !ernal and autumnal equinox and at its maximum when the sun is at the winter and summer solstices !requency o" Tides # The $unar %ay 14. 5ompare and contrast a solar and lunar day. .ow long is a lunar day? &olar and lunar days are both how long a specific point on one is to a specific point on the other. &olar days consist of the ,arth to the &un while the unar day consists of the ,arth to the 'oon. Also a unar day is 4/min. longer than a &olar day. 1%. Why do most coastal areas experience two high tides and two low tides? ,arth rotates through two tidal 0bulges1 e!ery lunar day 1(. .ow long does it take for high tide to occur? .ow long is the time between low and high tide? .igh tides occur 1"hrs and "4min. apart. $hen it takes %hrs and 1".4min. between each low and high tide Tidal &ariations # The In"luence o" Position and %istance 1+. What causes spring tides? What causes neap tides? .ow many spring and neap tides occur in a lunar month? When the sun, ,arth, and 'on are all in alignment it created great forces creating greater high and low tides called spring tides. When the sun and moon are at right angles to the ,arth they produce moderate tides which is a neap tide. 2uring e!ery lunar month two sets of spring tides and two sets of neap tides occur. 1-. .ow are tide6generating forces affected when the moon is closest to the ,arth 7or perigee8? when the moon is farthest away from the ,arth 7or apogee8? .ow does this affect the tides that are produced? When the moon is closest to the ,arth it has a greater gra!itational pull and less when it*s further away. $his affects the tides by making them higher or lower. "/. .ow are tide6generating forces affected when the ,arth is closest to the sun 7or perihelion8? when the ,arth is farthest from the sun 7or aphelion8? .ow does this affect the tides that are produced? When the ,arth is closest to the sun it mo!es at a fast speed while when it*s further away it is much slower. What ""ects Tides in ddition to the 'un and (oon? "1. .ow are the magnitudes of tides affected by shorelines? By mid6ocean islands? When shorelines are more open they create bigger tides and the opposite when they*re more closed "". .ow does a funnel6shaped bay compare to a narrow inlet and shallow water? A funnel6shaped bay dramatically alters the magnitude of the tides while the other has low tides "#. What is the affect of strong tidal ri!ers on tides in estuaries? &ince ri!ers are much larger than estuaries and they lie at the end of the ri!er, the tides from the ri!er then proceed to the estuary and cause change in the area "9. What other abiotic factors affect tides? 5ompare and contrast wind and weather patterns that affect tides. Weather such as winds can affect tides by putting g a greater force on it than it is already being gi!en.