THE BIG BANG Theory

How did the universe

begin?
In the Beginning.
15 billion Years ago the universe as we know it did
not exist.
The Universe was squashed together in a space no
bigger than a beach ball
Then it exploded:
However, no
particles existed
because it is too hot
nanoseconds later
The Universe has expanded
It is (10)C 100,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000
Quarks (the particles that make up protons electrons and
neutron) form
Matter Destroys antimatter
1 Second after BB
The Universe has expanded rapidly it is now 100 million times it
original size
It is cooler 10
10
C(100,000,000,000)
As the universe cools the bigger quarks could bind together to
make protons and neutrons
Gradually the Four types of
force that currently exist
(Strong Nuclear, Weak
Nuclear Electromagnetic and
gravity) combine into a super
force to enable nuclei to be
created
3 Minutes after BB
The universe is now to big to measure
It is a little cooler (10
9
C)
Protons neutrons form Hydrogen and Helium Nuclei
Electrons exist separately but over time join with nuclei to make
Hydrogen atoms
300 Million Years after BB
First galaxies and stars are formed
The death of the first stars makes heavier elements
Universe is still expanding and cooled to 6000C
Heavier elements are formed in the cores of dying stars and scattered
around by novas and supernovas
Up to date
5 Billion Years ago(10 Billion after BB)- Sun/solar system born
4 Billion Years ago(11Billion after BB)- DNA Formed
65 Million Years ago-(15 Billion after BB)Dinosaurs extinct
Universe is still expanding
It has cooled to -270C
How we Know all this
Background radiation map showing radiation ripples and lumps
from explosion (1989)
Red shift- all stars are moving away from one another
(expansion)
Radio signals- most are 15 billion YO and are similar to those
generated by bomb explosions
Universe is still cooling
Splitting the atom
Particle research
Background radiation map showing radiation ripples and lumps
from explosion (1989)
What happens next?
One of three things will happen to the universe (depending on the amount
of black matter)
1. Open Universe-The Universe will expand forever (not enough black
matter)
2. Flat Universe-The Universe will stop and stay at a particluar size
3. The Closed universe (the Big Crunch)