Kannada Abhivruddhi Pradhikara

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KANNADA
A SELF INSTRUCTIONAL COURSE
LINGADEVARU HALEMANE
KARNATAKA GOVERNMENT
KANNADA DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY
BENGALURU
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KANNADA : A Self Instructional Course by Lingadevaru Halemane
Published by Kannada Development Authority Govt. of Karnataka
Pages : 259 + 16
First Edition : 1989
Second Edition : 2003
Third Edition : 2012
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INTRODUCTION
This is a self-instructional material prepared to develop
speaking, reading and writing skills. This is intended for adult
English Learners from different mother-tongue backgrounds, who
wants to learn Kannada for various reasons.
It is hoped that this self instructional material would enable
the learner to construct orally the basic sentences with the help of
given patterns and lexical items. This would also enable the learner
to converse with the native speakers in given situation with the help
of conversations framed. The book also takes care of the skills of
reading and writing.
An attempt has been made here to present the material as
systematically as possible. The language and the situations used to
follow the principle of selection and gradation which is the modern
practice the world over. The lessons show development from the
simple to the complex and from the known to the unknown.
Provision has been made for reinforcement of the language habits
through conversation and narration. The language structures
introduced here are found in informal spoken contexts and their
description in the text are pedagogically oriented.
The book contains two parts. Part I deals with graded
language structuring and Part II deals with the script.
Part I contains 25 lessons. These lessons are structurally
graded. The language used in these lessons is standard spoken
Kannada. The Bangalore - Mysore dialect of Kannada is generally
accepted as the standard spoken Kannada. However one can see
certain changes at phonological level, like dropping of the vowel in
the second syllable in the spoken form. One can find occassional
overlapping of formal and informal usage in this book.
Each basic lesson contains five components, namely,
conversation/narration, pattern drill, key to learners, exercise and
vocabulary.
Each lesson is a running conversation/narration written on a
specific situation with appropriate structure and vocabulary. The
purpose of having a majority of the lesson in the form of
conversation is that it forms the 'stimulus-reponse pattern' in the
learners. The dialogue form of the book facilitates participation by
the learners with interchanging roles. However the last four lessons
are narrations; they can be used as reading texts. The content of the
lessons include day to day social contexts and cultural information
about Karnataka. The first ten lessons are given in Roman
transliteration. A key to sound transcription is given in the begining
of the book. The tenth lesson onwords, lessons are given in
Kannada Script. It is assumed by the time the learner completes the
structure of first ten lessons that he would also have learnt the
recognition of letters in isolation and in combination. the translation
of text and pattern drill is given in English. (while the translations
are largely idiomatically acceptable, the exigencies of instructions
may have here and there resulted in slightly deviant English
constructions).
Pattern drills and exercises are meant for reinforcement of the
structures introduced in the lesson. Generally a distinction is made
between drills and exercises on the lines of their nature. The drills
aim at establishing the structure as habit. In other words they
VI/Introduction
establish automatic response through intensive practice. Besides
this they are also helpful in knowing the syntactic relationship
among the related structures.
In a true sense exercises are an application activity, No new
structure is given under exercise. The learner is expected to apply
the structure learnt in the lesson to test his competence.
The vocabulary contains the newly introduced in the text as
well as in the drill part under two headings, namely, vocabulary and
supplementary vocabulary. Vocabulary is listed in an alphabetical
order.
The key to the learner gives a brief explanation of the structure
or pattern introduced in the lesson. To a great extent extensive use
of linguistic terminology is avoided. Necessary examples and
sandhi rules are also given.
Part II contains the introduction of the Kannada alphabet. The
letters have been introduced on their shape similarity and
contrastive perception. This would enable the learner to recognise
the letters in isolation and in combination as quickly as possible.
The combination of consonants and vowels are also introduced on
their shape similarity. The sound value in Roman script is also
given along with the primary letters in order to enable the learner to
identify the target language sounds. It is expected that the learner
should start learning speaking, reading and writing side by side.
The explanation given above is only a guide line. The actual
learning lies with the learner's motivation and requirement.
Language learning should'nt be taken as a sole activity, but rather as
an enjoyable game. Each structure and each vocabulary item is to be
treated as an interesting toy in the hands of the learner. The learner
Introduction/ VII
should always approach them with an open mind. Aslo one should
be very conscious and alert about his/her surroundings and the
people. One can learn the language while talking in it without
inhibitions. Talk to the people. If they laugh at your pronunciation,
wrong construction of sentences join them and laugh with them.
But don't be disheartened. While laughing with them try to know
the correct form with the help of the book and with the help of the
native speakers.
I acknowledge my grateful thanks to Prof. Baragur
Ramachandrappa, and Sri Idinabba former Chairmans, Kannada
Development Authority Govt. of Karnataka, who are chiefly
responsible for re-printing this book. They have also got it
translated into other languages knowing its importance in the
development of Kannada language. I am equally grateful to the
translators of this book into different languages. My sincere thanks
to Secretary, Kannada Development Authority for his keen interest
in executing this work.
I hope that this self instructional material will be helpful in
your endeavour.
Lingadevaru Halemane
VIII/Introduction
ABBREVATIONS
Prox. Proximate
rem. remote
hon. honorific
pl. Plural
sg. singular
non hon. non honorific
V.P. Verbal participle
V. Verb
N. Noun
R.P. Relative Participle
Aux. Auxiliary Verb
KEY TO TRANSCRIPTION
1. Vowels
Symbol enqivalent in English
a up, cut
aa aunt, laugh
i it, kit
ii each, keep
u book, put
uu ooze, moon
e egg, leg
ee ape, make
o one, no
oo own, coat
ai/ay island, five
au/av owl, south
2. Consonants
Symbol equivalent in English
k king, make
g get, beg
c church, much
J Judge, agent
The sound does't exist in English, but is heard
in French and spanish words like Senor, Signe
D donkey, made
d this, other
n number, many
p people, camp
b but, rubber
m mail, small
y young, beyond
r room, bring
l live, small
v/w wine, shave
s small, face
S shave, fish
h hall, behave
The following sounds do not have acceptable equivalents in
English. Hence their articulation rather than examples are given.
t Kannada sound is a variety of t produced by the tip of
the tongue touching the back of the upper teeth.
T Kannada sound is produced by curling the tip of the
tongue backwords.
N Produced in the above fashion, but nasal in its quality.
sh Variety of 's' also produced in the above fashion.
L Produced in the above fashion, but lateral in its
quality.
Key to Transcriptions/XI
f fan refer. This sound is found only in loan words from
English and urdu. It is represented by the symbol ph.
z zoo, lazy. This sound is found only in loan words
from English and urdu. It is represented by the
symbol for J or Jh.
k c T t p and g J D d b, when followed by 'h' are
produced with greater breath force.
Note the sound qualities indicated above are not the
exact ones, but the nearest approximations.
XII/Key to Transcriptions
CONTENTS
Introduction V-VIII
Abbrevations IX
Key to transcription X-XII
Part I
Lesson I
Personal pronouns with their possessive forms 1-6
Lesson 2
Personal pronouns with their possessive forms
Yes/No type of interrogation. 7-15
Lesson 3
Possessive forms of the nouns 16-22
Lesson 4
Qualitative and Quantitative adjectives 23-28
Lesson 5
Predicative forms of the pronouns, nouns,
adjectives. Adjectival nouns, alli, Locative case.
Post positions. 29-39
Lesson 6
Dative case, Numerals 40-51
Lesson 7
Numeral adjectives, Human plurals,
Human numerals 52-62
Lesson 8
Colour adjectives, Model verbs and negation 63-70
Lesson 9
Verb iru ; non-post tense paradigm and negation. 71-78
Lesson 10
Imperative, premissive, hortative forms of the
verbs. Non-post tense forms of the main verbs,
annu accusative case. 79-89
Lesson 11
inta comparative marker. Definitive permissive
and prohibitive forms 90-97
Lesson 12
Gerundials, Potential forms, inda instrumental
and ablative case 98-108
Lesson 13
isu as verbaliser and causative, Reflexive pronouns 109-118
Lesson 14
Past tense d and t and negation 119-130
Lesson 15
Past tense k, T, D, id and their negation. Indirect
speech, reportive forms. 131-142
Lesson 16
Past participle forms and their negation 143-153
Lesson 17
Continuous forms and their negation 154-162
Lesson 18
Perfect forms and their negation 163-171
Lesson 19
Relative participle, participle nouns and
their negations 172-191
Lesson 20
Simple conditional and its negation 192-199
Lesson 21
Unfulfilled past conditional and its negation,
Concessive form 200-209
Lesson 22
t.:=.t (Reading Practice) 210-219
XIV / Contents Contents / XV
Lesson 23
t. .: (Reading Practice) 220-224
Lesson 24
.:. :c. c/. -. (Reading Practice) 225-228
Lesson 25
..t. ../-. (Reading Practice) 229-233
Part II
Kannada Script 234-259
LESSON - 1
1. Dialogue :
Manohar : namaskaara saar. Good morning sir
Mahadeva : namaskaara niivu Good morning, who are
yaaru ? you (polite) ?
Manohar : naanu KannaDa I am a student of
vidyaarthi Kannada
Mahadeva : nimma hesaru eenu ? What is your
name (polite) ?
Manohar : nanna hesaru My name is Manohar
manohar, niivu Who are you, sir ?
yaaru saar ?
Mahadeva : naanu kannaDa I am a Kannada teacher
adhyaapaka
Manohar : nimma hesaru What is your name, sir ?
eenu saar ?
Mahadeva : naana hesaru My name is Mahadeva
mahaadeva. nimma Which is your state ?
raajya yaavudu ?
Manohar : nanna raajya My state is Tamilnadu
tamiLnaaDu
Mahadeva : nimma maatru bhaashe Which is your Mother
yaavdu ? tongue ?
Manohar : naana maatru bhaashe My mother tongue is
tamiLu. ivaru yaaru Tamil. Who is she Sir ?
saar ?
XVI / Contents
Mahadeva : ivaru kannaDa She (prox.) is Kannada
adhyaapaki teacher
Manohar : ivara hesaru eenu saar ? What is her name sir ?
Mahadeva : ivara hesaru Siila Her name is Sheela
avaru yaaru manoohar ? Who is he, Manohar ?
Manohar : avaru raabar T, nanna He is Robert, my friend
sneehita
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 niivu yaaru ? Who are you (hon) ?
avaru yaaru ? Who is he/she (hon.rem.) ?
ivaru yaaru ? Who is he/she (hon.prox.) ?
2.2 naanu adhyaapaka. I am a teacher
avaru vaidya He is a doctor
ivaru gumaasta He is a clerk
avaru leekhaki She is a writer
avaru injiniyar He is an engineer
naanu vyaapaari I am a businessman
2.3 nimma hesaru eenu ? What is your (hon.) name ?
avaru hesaru eenu ? What is his/her name ?
ivara hesaru eenu ? What is his/her name ?
2.4 nanna hesaru moohan My name is Mohan
avara hesaru kamala Her name is Kamala
ivara hesaru raaju His name is Raju
2/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
2.5 avara uuru yaavudu ? Which is his/her native Place ?
ivaru raajya yaavudu ? Whis is / her state ?
nimma jille yaavudu ? Which is your district ?
2.6 nanna deeSa bhaarata My country is India
nanna raajya KarnaaTaka My state is Karnataka
avaru uuru mayasuuru His/her native place is Mysore
ivara jille tumakuuru His/her district is Tumkur
2.7 avaru nanna sneehita He is my friend
avaru nanna sneehite She is my friend
3. Key to Learners :
3.1 'namaskaara' is a greeting term used whenever persons
meet.
3.2 This lesson introduces simple sentences containing
nouns. Note that there is no copula in Kannada as in
English.
niivu yaaru ? 'Who are you ?'
naanu vidyaarthi 'I am a student'
avaru vidyaarthini 'She is a student'
In the above English sentences 'are', 'am', 'is' are
functioning as copula conjoining Noun+Noun. This is not
so in Kannada.
3.3 yaaru 'who is a human interrogative marker, whereas
ennu 'what' is a non-human interrogative marker.
niivu yaaru ? 'Who are you ?'
nimma hesaru eenu ? 'What is your name ?'
Lesson 1/3
4/Kannada A Self Instructional Course Lesson 1/5
3.4 naanu 'I' First person (sg.)
niivu 'you' Second person (sg. hon+pl.)
avaru 'he/she' Third person (sg. hon+pl. rem.)
ivaru 'he/she' Third person (sg. hon+pl. prox.)
are personal pronouns. Note that there is no gender
distinction in third person honorafic plural forms.
3.5 The pronouns are further extended by adding possessive
marker - a
naanu + a = nanna 'my'
niivu + a = nimma 'your'
avaru + a = avara 'his/her'
ivaru + a = ivara 'his/her'
3.6 yaavudu 'which one' is a non-human interrogative
pronoun.
4. Exercise :
4.1 fill in the blanks using the Kannada equivalents of the
English ones :
4.1.1 raaja nanna ___________ (friend)
4.1.2 avara _____________ tamiLu. (mother tongue)
4.1.3 ____________ hesaru Kamala. (my)
4.1.4 avara raajya ______________ ? (which)
4.2 Fill in the blanks
4.2.1 nimma hesaru _______________ ?
4.2.2 avara hesaru _______________
4.2.3 niivu _____________ ?
4.2.4 ivaru kannaDa ______________
4.3 If 'naanu' becomes 'nanna' what would be the following
4.3.1 niivu ____________
4.3.2 avaru ____________
4.3.3 ivaru ____________
4.4 Use the following words in your own sentences :
4.4.1 adhyaapaki
4.4.2 raajya
4.4.3 hesaru
4.4.4 naanu
4.5 Translate the following sentences into Kannada
4.5.1 I am a student of Kannada
4.5.2 Gopal is my friend
4.5.3 My state is Kerala
4.5.4 Her name is Jaya
4.6 Answer the following questions
4.6.1 niivvu yaaru ?
4.6.2 nimma hesaru eenu ?
4.6.3 nimma deeSa yaavudu ?
4.6.4 nimma raajya yaavudu ?
4.6.5 nimma jille yaavudu ?
4.6.6 nimma uuru yaavudu ?
4.6.7 nimma maatrubhaashe yaavudu ?
5. Vocavbulary
adhyaapaka 'teacher (mas.)'
adhyaapaki 'teacher (fem.)'
avara 'his/her (rem.)'
avaru 'he/she(hon.rem)'
ivara 'his/her (prox.)'
eenu 'what'
nanna 'my'
namaskaara 'greeting term, equivalent to
English good morning/
good afternoon/good evening'
naanu 'I'
nimma 'your'
niivu 'you (hon.sg.)'
maatrubhaashe 'mother tongue'
yaaru 'who'
yaavudu 'which one'
raajya 'state'
vidyaarthi 'student (mas.)'
sneehita 'friend (mas.)'
hesaru 'name'
5.2 Supplementary vocabulary :
gumaasta 'clerk;
jille 'district'
deeSa 'country'
leekhaki 'writter(fem.)'
vaidya 'doctor'
vyaapaari 'businessman'
sneehite 'friend(fem.)'
LESSON - 2
1. Dialogue :
Manohar : idu yaava pustaka ? Which book is this (prox.) ?
Gopal : idu kaadambari This is a novel
Manohar : idara hesaru eenu ? What is its name ?
Gopal : idara hesaru Its name is Chirasmarane
cirasmaraNe
Manohar : idu yaara Whose novel is this ?
kaadambari ?
Gopal : idu niranjana avara This is Niranjana's novel
kaadambari
Manohar : idu ninna Is this your book ?
pustakaanaa ?
Gopal : alla. idu nanna No. It is not my book. It is
pustaka alla. idu my friend Ashok's book
nanna sneehita
aSoka avara pustaka
Manohar : adu yaara pennu ? Whose pen is that (rem.) ?
ninna pennaa ? Is it yours ?
Gopal : havdu. adu nanna Yes. It is my pen
pennu
Manohar : adara hesaru eenu ? What is its name ?
Gopal : adara hesaru hiiro Its name is Hero
1.1 Dialogue :
Manohar : niinu yaarappa ? who are you (endearing) ?
Mohan : naanu aanand avara I am Anand's son
maga
Manohar : ninna hesaru eenu ? What is your name ?
Mohan : nanna hesaru My name is Mohan
moohan
Manohar : ivanu yaaru ? ninna Who is he ? (Sg. non-hon.
tammanna ? prox.) Is he your younger
brother ?
Mohan : alla. ivanu nanna No. He is not my younger
tamma alla. ivanu brother. He is my elder
nanna aNNa brother
Manohar : ivana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ?
Mohan : ivana hesaru sureeS. His name is suresh.
Manohar : avanu yaaru ? Who is he (sg. non-hon.
rem.) ?
Mohan : avanu nanna sneehita He is my friend
Manohar : avana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ?
Mohan : avana hesaru raaju His name is Raju
Manohar : aa huDugi yaaru ? Who is that girl ?
Mohan : avaLu nanna tangi She (sg. non-hon. rem.) is
my younger sister
Manohar : avaLa hesaru eenu ? What is her name ?
Mohan : avaLa hesaru kamala Her name is Kamala
Manohar : ii huDugi yaaru ? Who is this girl ? Is she
ninna tangiinnaa ? your younger sister ?
Mohan : alla. ivaLu nanna No. She is not my younger
tangi alla. ivaLu sister. She is my elder
nanna akka. sister
Manohar : ivaLa hesaru eenu ? what is her name ?
Mohan : ivaLa hesaru lalita Her name is Lalitha
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 idu yaava pustaka ? Which is this book ?
adu yaava kaaleeju ? Which is that college ?
2.2 idu kavana This is a poem
adu kathe That is a story
2.3 idara hesaru eenu ? What is its (prox.) name ?
adara hesaru eenu ? What is its (rem.) name ?
2.4 idu caduranga avara This is chaduranga's story
kathe
adu bhyrappa avara That is Bhyrappa's house
mane
2.5 idu ninna angiinaa ? Is it your shirt ?
adu avara maneenaa ? It it his (rem.) house ?
2.6 havdu. idu nanna pustaka Yes. this is my book
havdu. adu avara mane Yes. that is their house
2.7 alla. idu avara pennu alla No. This is not his/her pen
alla. adu nanna kaaru No. That is not my car
alla.
Lesson 2/9
2.8 niinu yaaru ? Who are you (non-hon.) ?
ninna hesaru eenu ? What is your name ?
2.9 ivanu yaaru ? Who is he ? (non.hon.prox.)
ivanu javaana He is servant
ivana hesaru eenu ? What is his name ?
ivana hesaru nanjappa His name is Nanjappa
2.10 avaru yaaru ? Who is he (non-hon. rem) ?
avanu kaavalugaara He is a watchman
avana hesaru raamayya His name is Ramaiah
2.11 avaLu yaaru ? Who is she (non-hon.rem) ?
avaLu javaani She is servant ?
avaLa hesaru lakshmi Her name is Lakshmi
2.12 IvaLu yaaru ? Who is she (non-hon.rem.)?
ivaLu nanna tangi She is my younger sister
2.13 ivanu ninna tammaanaa ? Is he your younger brother ?
alla. ivanu nanna tamma No. He is not my younger
alla. ivanu nanna aNNa brother. He is my elder
brother
2.14 avaLu ninna akkaanaa ? Is she your elder sister ?
havdu. avaLu nanna akka Yes. she is my elder sister
3. Key to learners :
3.1 idu 'this' third person (neut. sg. prox.)
adu 'that' third person (neut. sg. rem.)
are introduced. These pronouns are used to denote all
non-human nouns.
idu kurchi This is a Chair
adu mara That is a tree
3.2 The neuter pronouns are extended by adding possessive
marker - a
adu + a = adara 'its' (rem.)
idu + a = idara 'its' (prox.)
Note that the additional of - ar - when the above neuter
pronouns are used as possessive forms.
3.3 yes / no type of interrogation is obtained by adding - aa
to the nouns. Note the combination
3.3.1 kaadambari + aa = kaadambariinaa (kaadambariyaa)
mane + aa = maaneenaa (maneyaa)
site + aa = siiteenaa (siiteyaa)
3.3.2 pennu + aa = pennaa (pennaa)
avaru + aa = avaraa (avaraa)
3.3.3 maga + aa = magaanaa (maganaa)
raama + aa = raamaanaa (raamanaa)
Kamala + aa = kamalaanaa (kamalaLaa)
Whenever = aa is added, the last vowel of the noun
becomes long and it takes - n - as an addition in spoken
form. The forms in the paranthesis represent the standard
written form.
3.4 havdu 'yes' is an affirmitive answer to question. alla 'no'
is negation. Note that we can also make questions using
havdu and alla as havdaa ? and alvaa ?
3.5 niinu 'you' : second person (sg.)
ivanu 'he' : third person (mas. sg. prox.)
avanu 'he' : third person (mas. sg. rem.)
ivaLu 'She' : third person (fem. sg. prox.)
avaLu 'She' : third person (fem. sg. rem.)
are introduced. aata, iita, aake, iike are also used as
substitutes for avanu, ivanu, avaLu, ivaLu
3.6 The above pronouns are further extended by adding -
a Possessive marker.
niinu + a = ninna 'your'
ivanu + a = ivana 'his'
avanu + a = avana 'his'
ivaLu + a = ivaLa 'her'
avaLu + a = avaLa 'her'
3.7 - appa is an addressive term used to address men who
are strangers, intimates and subordinates. Femi - nine
counterpart of this term is - amma
3.8 aa 'that' and ii 'this' are demonstrative adjectives. Note
the difference between these adjectives and neut.
pronouns.
adu mane 'that is house'
aa mane 'that house'
4. Exercises :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using th appropriate word
4.1.1 idu niranjana avara ___________
4.1.2 indiraa gaandhi avara ________ raajiiva gaandhi
4.1.3 _______ hesaru cirasmaraNe
4.1.4 _______ adu nanna pustaka alla
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words given
in the bracket.
4.2.1 adu _________ kaaru (avanu)
4.2.2 idu _________ aafiisu ? (yaaru)
4.2.3 avaLu ninna ________ ? (tangi)
4.2.4 _______ hesaru kaamaakshi (ivaLu)
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the Kannad equivalent of the
English ones :
4.3.1 avaLu ___________ (girl)
4.3.2 savita nanna ________ (elder sister)
4.3.3 nimma ________ yaaru ? (elder brother)
4.3.4 nanna __________ kannaDa adhyaapaka
(younger brother)
4.4 interrogate :
4.4.1 avanu vidyaarthi
4.4.2 adu pustaka
4.4.3 nanna raajya keeraLa
4.4.4 havdu. avanu nanna tamma
4.5 Translate into Kannada
4.5.1 Who are you ?
4.5.2 Is she your younger sister ?
4.5.3 Who is that girl ?
4.5.4 This boy is Satish's Son
4.5.5 Is it your booK ?
4.5.6 No. It is not my pen?
4.5.7 Which is your native place ?
4.6 Answer the following questions.
4.6.1 nimma uuru madaraasaa ?
4.6.2 aa huDuga nimma magaanaa ?
4.6.3 niranjana avara kaadambari yaavudu ?
4.6.4 nimma maatrubhaashe kannaDaanaa ?
5. Vocabulary :
akka 'elder sister'
adu 'that' (rem.)
adara 'its'
aNNa 'elder brother'
alla 'no' (negates the noun)
avaLu 'she' (non. hon. sg. rem.)
avaLa 'her'
avanu 'he' (non. hon. sg. rem.)
avana 'his'
aa 'that'
idu 'this' (prox.)
idara 'its'
ivana 'his'
ivaLu 'she' (non. hon. sg. prox.)
ivaLa 'her'
ii 'this'
kaadambari 'novel'
tangi 'younger sister'
tamma 'younger brother'
ninna 'your'
maga 'son'
pustaka 'book'
yaava 'which'
havdu 'yes'
huDugi 'girl'
LESSON - 3
1. Dialogue :
Raja : raamaayaNada naayaka Who is the hero of
yaaru ? Ramayana ?
Rani : raamaayaNada naayaka The hero of Ramayana is
Sriiraama Sri Rama
Raja : raama yaara maga ? Whose son is Sri Rama ?
Rani : avanu daSarathana maga He is the son of Dasharatha
Raja : raamana taayiya hesaru What is the name of
eenu ? Rama's mother ?
Rani : raamana taayiya hesaru Rama's mother name is
kavsalye Kausalye
Raja : raamana tammana What is the name of
hesaru eenu ? Rama's younger brother ?
Rani : raamana tammana hesaru Rama's younger brother's
lakshmaNa name is Lakshmana
Raja : raamana henDatiya What is the Rama's wife's
hesaru eenu ? name ?
Rani : raamana heNDatiya Rama's wife's name is
hesaru siite Sita
Raja : avaLu yaara magaLu ? Whose daughter is she ?
Rani : avaLu Janaka raajana She is the daughter of King
magaLu Janaka
Raja : raamana makkaLa What are the names of
hesaru eenu ? Rama's children ?
Rani : lava, kuSa Lava & Kusha
Raja : Lava hiri magaanoo ? Who is the eldest son ?
kusha hiri magaanoo ? It is Lava or Kusha ?
Rani : kusha hiri maga. lava Kusha is the eldest son.
kiri maga Lava is the youngest
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 karnaaTakada mukhya Who is Chief Minister of
mantri yaaru ? Karnataka ?
bhaaratada raajadhaani Which is the Capital of
yaavudu ? India ?
2.2 sumati raajuvina magaLu Sumati is Raju's daughter
avanu ii guruvina Sishya He is the student of this
teacher
2.3 raamana tandeya hesaru Rama's father's name is
daSaratha Dasharatha
nanna taayiya hesaru My mother's name is
kamalamma Kamalamma
2.4 siiteya gaNDana hesaru Sita's husband's name is
raama Rama
avara magana hesaru His son's name is RaJiv
raajiiva
2.5 raamana makkaLa hesaru Rama's children's names
lava, kuSa are Lava and Kusha
Lesson 3/17
2.6 namma kaalejina hesaru The name of our college is
Mahaarajaa kaaleeju Maharaja's College
nimma uurina hesaru eenu ? What is the name of your
native place ?
2.7 avaLu raamaraayara hiri Is she Ramarao's elder
magaLoo kiri magaLoo ? daughter or younger
daughter ?
3.1 The possessive marker - a is added to nouns
3.1.1 bhaarata + a = bhaarataDa 'of India'
karnaaTaka + a = karnaa Takada 'of Karnataka'
Whenever possessive marker - a is added to neut
nouns ending with - a, it takes - d - as an
addition
Now add the - a to the following nouns :
mara 'tree' pustaka 'book'
giDa 'plant' sinima 'cinema'
dina 'day raajya 'state'
3.1.2 gaandhi + a = gaandhiya 'of Gandhi'
site = a = siiteya 'of Site'
whenever - a is added to nouns ending with - i or - e,
whether human or non-human, it takes - y - as an addition
Now added - a to the following nouns.
sose 'daughter in law' huli 'tiger'
kathe 'story' kiTaki 'window'
henDati 'wife' kurci 'chair'
3.1.3 when - a is added to - u ending neuter, nouns, final - u
drops and - in - is inserted.
kaaleeju + a = kaaleejina 'of college'
kaaDu + a = kaaDina 'of forest'
add, - a to following nouns
uuru 'native place' haavu 'snake'
bassu 'bus' pennu 'pen'
baagilu 'door' hengasu 'women'
There are some nouns which are exceptions to the above rule
hasu 'cow bandhu 'relative'
guru 'teacher' magu 'child'
karu 'calf' Satru 'enemy'
These nouns and the proper nouns ending in - u take - vin - as an
addition. Observe the following examples.
hasu + a = hasuvina
guru + a = guruvina
karu + a = karuvina
raaju + a = raajuvina
siitu + a = siituvina
3.1.4 The numerals ending with - u take - ar - as an increment
ondu + a = ondara 'of one'
hattu + a = hattara 'of ten'
Note that when magaLu and maakaLu added to - a
possessive from, final - u drops
magaLu + a = magaLa 'of daughter'
makkLu + a + makkaLa 'of children'
3.15 Human nouns ending with - a, when added to posses sive
marker take -n - as an addition.
maga + a = magana 'of son'
raama + a = raamana 'of Rama'
kamala + a = kamalana 'of Kamala'
akka + a = akkana 'of elder sister'
3.2 Dubitive marker is - oo. this is used to express doubt.
sanjay gaandhi indiraa gaandhiya hiri maganoo kiri
maganoo ?
avanu ninna aNNanoo tammanoo ?
adu avara manenoo ninna manenoo ?
3.3 Note that the kinship terms are used in this lesson
4. Exercises
4.1 fill in the blanks using the appropriate words
4.1.1 bhaaratada ___________ dehali
4.1.2 raamana ___________ siita
4.1.3 lava kuSa raamana __________
4.1.4 raajiiva gaandhiya ____________ firooj gaandhi
4.2 Fill in the blanks using Kannada equivalents of the
English words given in the bracket
4.2.1 Saaliniya ___________ rajani (daughter)
4.2.2 nanna ____________ raajeSa (elder son)
4.2.3 raviya ____________ savita (wife)
4.2.4 sumana ___________ rama (mother)
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word given
in the bracket
4.3.1 nimma __________ hesaru eenu ? (maga)
4.3.2 Saaliniya __________ mane yaavudu ? (sneehite)
4.3.3 _______ aNNa raajiiva (sanjaya)
4.3.3 _________ raajadhaani dehali (bhaarata)
4.4 Translate into Kannada :
4.4.1 My mother's name is Sharada
4.4.2 Who is her husband ?
4.4.3 Arpita is my youngest daughter
4.4.4 Rama Rao is my father's father
4.5 Trans form as per the model :
4.5.1 indiraa gaandhi ____ indiraa gaandhiya
rajani _________
ravi _________
naayi _________
kurci _________
tande _________
kathe _________
4.5.2 bhaarata ____ bhaaratada
deeSa __________
pustaka __________
mara __________
4.5.3 maga ___ magana
sanjaya __________
rameeSa __________
kamala __________
lalita __________
4.5.4 neharu ___ neharuvina
raamu __________
niilu __________
magu __________
hasu __________
guru __________
4.6 Give a brief introduction about your family
4.7.1 nimma makkaLa hesaru eenu ?
4.7.2 nimma heDatiya hesaru eenu ?
4.7.3 nimma tande / taayiya hesaru eenu ?
5. Vocabulary
makkaLu 'children'
magaLu 'daughter'
hiri maga 'eldest son'
heNDati 'wife'
LESSON - 4
1. Dialogue :
Ramu : Sriiraamapura oLLeya Is Shreeramapura a good
baDaavaNeenaa ? extension ?
Suresh : alla. adu oLLeya No, It is not a good
baDaavaNe alla. keTTa extension. It is a bad one
baDaavaNe
Ramu : oLLeya baDaavNe Which is the good
yaavudu ? extension ?
Suresh : banaSankari oLLeya Banashankari is a good
baDaavaNe extension
Ramu : adu hosa Is it a new extension or an
baDaavaNeenoo old one ?
haLeya baDaavaNeenoo ?
Suresh : adu haLeya baDaavaNe It is not an old one. It is a
alla. hosa baDaavaNe new one
Ramu : adeenu doDDa Is it a big extension or
baDaavaNeenoo, small one ?
cikka baDaavaNeenoo ?
Suresh : adu doDDa baDaavaNe It is a big extension
Ramu : adu entha baDaavaNe ? What type of exttension
Sriimantara is that ? Is it a rich people's
baDaavaNeenoo, extension or poor people's
baDavara extension ?
baDaavaNeenoo ?
Suresh ; adu tumbaa Sriimantara It is neither very rich
baDaavaNeenu alla people's extension nor
tumbaa baDavara the extension of poor
baDaavaNeenuu alla
Suresh : adu tumbaa duuraanoo
hattiraanoo ? It is too far or nearby ?
Ramu : adu tumbaa duuraanuu It is neither too far, nor
alla, tumbaa hattiraanuu too nearby
alla
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 maysuuru oLLeya Mysore is a good city
nagara
rameeSa oLLeya Ramesha is a good boy
huDuga
moohan oLLeya Mohan is a good officer
adhikaari
2.2 adu keTTa pustaka That is a bad book
avanu keTTa huDuga He is a bad boy
adu keTTa uuru That is a bad place
2.3 adu entha pennu ? What kind of pen is that ?
adu oLLeya pennu That is a good pen
idu entha kadambari ? What kind of novel is this ?
idu keTTa kadambari This is a bad novel
avaLu entha naTi ? What kind of actress is she ?
avaLu keTTa naTi She is a bad actress
avanu oLLeya NaTa He is a good actor
Lesson 4/25
2.4 adu doDDa mane That is a big house
bengaLuuru doDDa Bangalore is a big city
paTTaNa
avaru doDDa He is a big/nobel man
manushyaru
2.5 adu cikka angaDi That is a small shop
idu saNNa kathe This is a short story
avaLu saNNa hengasu She is a small/mean woman
2.6 maysuuru aramane The Mysore palace is a
tumbaa doDDa aramane very big palace
avaru bahaLa oLLeya She is a very good teacher
adhyaapaki
adu tiiraa keTTa naayi That is a very bad dog
2.7 raama sumitreya Is Rama the son of
magaanoo ? kaikeyiya Sumitra or Kaikeyi ?
magaanoo ?
raama sumitreya Rama is the son of neither
magaanuu alla Sumitra nor Kaikeyi
Kaikeeyiya magaanuu He is the son of Kausalya
alla. avanu kausalyeya
maga
adu ninna pennoo Is it your pen or your
ninna tammana pennoo / younger brother's ?
adu nanna pennuu alla It is neither my pen nor
nanna tammana pennu my younger brother's It is
alla. nanna tangiya my younger sister's pen
pennu
3.1 OLLeya 'good', keTTa 'bad', hosa 'new', haleya 'old' are
qualitative adjectives. doDDa 'big' cikka, saNNa 'small'
are quantitative adjectives. These adjectives always
precede nouns. doDDa and saNNa may refer to either the
size of an object or the quality of a person.
adu doDDa mane
avanu doDDa manushya
3.2 Note that tumbaa, bahaLa and tiira, are the intensifiers.
They always precede the adjectives
avanu tumbaa oLLeya manushya
3.3 - uu is a conjuctive marker which is used to co-ordinate
two or more terms. If it is used with the subject along with
'alla', it gives the meaning 'neither,--nor !
avanu raviya aNNanuu alla, tammanuu alla
3.4 entha 'what type of' is a qualitative interorragative
adjective.
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate word
4.1.1 adu ____________ sinimaa
4.1.2 bengaLuuru ____________paTTaNa
4.1.3 avanu nanna ____________ aNNa
4.1.4 avaLu nanna tammana ____________ magaLu
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equivalents of the
English words in the bracket
4.2.1reekhaa ____________ oLLeya naTi (very)
4.2.2 adu ____________ gaDiyaara (big)
4.2.3 adu tumbaa doDDa ____________ (extension)
4.3 Use the following words in your own sentences
4.3.1 mane
4.3.2 hosa
4.3.3 doDDa
4.3.4 entha
4.3.5 saNNa
4.4 Translate into kannada
4.4.1 It is a very good novel'
4.4.2 Whose story is this ?
4.4.4 Jayanagara is a good extension
4.4.5 It is a big city
4.4.6 It is a good old house
4.5.1 karnaaTakada raajadhaani yaavudu ?
4.5.2 nimma doDDa magana hesaru eenu ?
4.5.3 adu nimma haLeya manenooo hosa maneenoo ?
4.5.4 nimma baDaavaNeya hesaru eenu ?
4.5.5 nimma baDaavaNe do DDadaa ?
5. Vocabulary :
entha 'what type of'
oLLeya 'good'
keTTa 'bad'
LESSON - 5
1. Dialogue :
Swamy : nimmadu baaDige Is yours a rented house ?
maneenaa ?
Ranga : alla. nannadu baaDige No. Mine is not a rented
mane alla. svanta mane house. It is my own
Swamy : mane hosadaa ? Is it a new house ?
Ranga : havdu. hosadu Yes. a new one
Swamy : doDDadaa ? Is it big ?
Ranga : swalpa doDDadu Some what big
Swamy : mane elli ide ? Where is the house ?
Ranga : Jayanagaradalli ide It is in Jayanagara
Swamy : alli yaavudaadaruu Is there any house for rent?
baaDige mane ideyaa ?
Ranga : illa. yaavuduu illa no. There is none
Swamy : beere elliyaadaru Is there one, elsewhere ?
ideyaa ?
Ranga : raajaaji nagaradalli ide There is one in
Raajajinagar
Swamy : rajaaji nagara duura Raajaji nagar is far off
banaSankari hattira Banashankari is near
alli yaavuduu liva ? Is there not one ?
Ranga : illa No
cikka 'small'
doDDa 'big'
baDaavaNe 'extension'
saNNa 'small'
hattira 'near by'
haLeya 'old'
hosa 'new'
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary :
aramane 'palace'
gaDiyaara 'watch / clock'
naTa 'Actor'
naTi 'Actress'
nagara 'city'
naayi 'dog'
paTTana 'city'
manushya 'man'
hengasu 'woman'
Swamy : raajaaji nagarada mane Whose house is the one in
yaaradu ? Raajajinagar ?
Ranga : nanna sneehitanadu It is my friend's
Swamy : elli ide ? Where is it ?
Ranga : navarang thiyeeTar It is near Navarang theatre
hattira ide
Swamy : gurutu eenaadaruu Is there any landmark ?
ideyaa ?
Ranga : mane munde navarang Navarang theatre is in front
thiyeTar ide. hinde of the house. Behind, there
ondu angaDi ide is a shop. There are coco-
maneya eDa pakkadalli nut trees on the left and
bala pakkadalli tengina right sides of the house
mara ide
Swamy : aa mane doDDadaa ? Is that a big house ?
Ranga : havdu. sumaaru Yes. fairly big
doDDadu
Swamy : nimma sneehita What kind of a man is your
enthavaru ? friend ?
Ranga : avanu tumbaa He is a very nice man
oLLeyavanu
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 aa mane nannadu That house is mine
ii pustaka avanadu This book is his
hosa kaaru ivaradu The new car is his / her's
2.2 aa huDugi nannavaLu That girl is mine
ii huDuga nannavanu This boy is mine
2.3 nanna SarTu hodadu My shirt is new
avaLa siire haLeyadu Her saree is old
avara kaaleeju doDDadu Their college is big
avana rummu cikkadu His room is small
2.4 nimma cappali hosadaa ? Are your Chappals new ?
aa sinimaa haLeyadaa ? Is that film old ?
ii saykallu oLLeyadaa ? Is this Cycle good ?
2.5 mane jayanagaradalli ide The house is in Jayanagar
naayi maneyalli ide The dog is in the house
aane kaaDinalli ide The elephant is in the
forest
bassinalli jaaga ide, There is space in the bus
karnaaTakadalli cinnada There is gold mine in
gaNi ide Karnataka
2.6 nimma kaaleju elli ide ? Where is your college ?
avara haasTelu elli ide ? Where is his/her hostel ?
gaNeeSana angaDi elli Where is Ganesh's shop ?
ide ?
2.7 pustaka alli ide The book is there
sigareeT illi ide The cigarette is here
2.8 avara hattira benki There is a box of matches
paTTaNa ide with him
avara mane munde There is a hospital in front
aaspatre ide of his/her house
2.9 meejina meela pustaka ide There is book on the table.
mancada keLage
peTTige ide
2.10 aa pustaka nanna That book is my friend's
sneehitanadu
ii siire siiteyadu This saree is Site's
ii hosa SarTu raamanadu This new shirt is Rama's
2.11 alli yaavudaadaruu Is there any house for
baaDige mane ideyaa ? rent ?
nimma hattira is there any story book
yaavudaadaruu kathe with you ?
pustaka ideyaa ?
illi elliyaadaruu angaDi Is there any shop near by ?
ideyaa ?
2.12 kannaDa adhyaapaki What kind of a lady is the
enthavaru ? Kannada teacher ?
aa huDuga enthavanu ? What kind of a boy is he ?
ninna sneehite kamala What kind of a person is
enthavaLu ? your friend Kamala ?
2.13 kannaDa adhyaapaki The Kannada
oLLeyavaru teacher (fem.) is good
aa huDaga keTTavanu That boy is bad
nanna sneehite Kamala My friend Kamala is a
oLLeyavaLu good person
3.1 Note the predicative forms in Kannada
3.1.1 Noun predicatives : They are formed by adding the third
person neut. pronouns - adu, - avu to the possessive nouns
raamana + adu = raamanadu
raamana + avu = raamanavu
note the deletion of - a
3.1.2 Pronoun predicatives : They are obtained by the addition
of third person pronouns (either human or non-human) to
the possessive pronouns.
nanna + avanu = nannavanu
nanna + avaLu = nannavaLu
nanna + avu = nannavu
adara + adu = adaradu
idara + adu = idaradu
3.1.3 Adjectival predicatives : They are obtained by adding
third person pronouns (either human or non-human) to
the adjectives.
doDDa + avanu = doDDavanu
chikka + avaLu = cikkavaLu
oLLeya + avaru = oLLeyavaru
keTTa + adu = keTTadu
keTTA + avu = keTTavu
observe that these predicative forms can never be used before
nouns. (However they, can also be used as subjects of sentences
like nannadu haLeya mane)
The possessive forms of the human nouns are used in the rare
context. Whereas the neuter nouns are used frequently to
express the possession. Whenever the predicative form is used
the denotative adjective is used. Observe the following
sentences.
IvaLu nanna magaLu 'She is my daughter'
ii magu nannadu 'She is my child'
idu nanna mane 'This is my house'
ii mane nannadu 'This house is mine'
3.2 When the interrogative marker - aa is added to
predicative form, final - u drops
hosadu + aa = hosadaa
3.3 -alli is the locative case marker, which denotes the
location
mane + alli = maneyalli 'in the house'
bengaLuuru + alli = bengaLuurinalli 'in Bangalore
The changes are the same as in possessive form, when
added to different types of nouns (ref. L. No. 3)
3.4 Post position like
munde 'in front of'
hinde 'behind'
bala pakka 'right side'
eDa pakka 'left side'
meele 'above'
keLage 'below'
are also location denoters. Observe that these post positions
always follow nouns.
maneya munde 'in front of the house'
meejina meele 'on the table'
Where as in English they always precede.
3.5 Note that by adding - aadaruu to
elli 'where'
yaaru 'who'
eenu 'what'
yaake 'why'
heege 'how
the following forms are obtained.
elliyaadaruu 'somewhere/any where'
yaaraadaruu 'some one'
eenaadaruu 'something'
yaakaadaruu 'for some reason'
heegaadaruu 'somehow'
3.6 ide means 'to be' used to denote to the existence of neuter
noun. The corresponding negation for ide is illa
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate words :
4.1.1 aa kiTaki _____________
4.1.2 nimma mane _____________ ide ?
4.1.3 nimma Saleya _____________ eenu ?
4.1.4 nanna _____________ kannaDi ide
4.2.1 avara maneya ____________ citra mandira ide. (behind)
4.2.2 idu _____________ mane (rented)
4.2.3 ivaLu nanna _____________ magaLu (own)
4.2.4 mane _____________ ide (a little far)
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words
given in the bracket
4.3.1 avara mane __________ ide (saraswatipura)
4.3.2 nimma uuru __________ ? (doDDa)
4.3.3 ii SarTu nanna _________ (sneehita)
4.3.4 namma mane __________ angaDi ide (pakka)
4.4 Transform the following as per the model
4.4.1 Model : cikka - cikkadu
Transorm : oLLeya __________
keTTa ___________
hosa ____________
haLeya __________
yaava ___________
4.4.2 Model : niivu - nimmadu
Transform : naanu __________
avanu __________
avaLu __________
avaru __________
adu ____________
4.4.3 Model : sneehita -- sneehitanadu
Transform : Kamala __________
raama ___________
aNNa ___________
akka ____________
4.4.4 Model : ravi -- raviyadu
Transform : taayi __________
mane __________
naayi __________
rajani __________
4.4.5 Model : Jayanagara -- jayanagaradalli
Transform : pustaka __________
mane ____________
jaalahaLLi _______
uuru ____________
4.4.6 Model : raamu -- raamuvindau
Transfer : veeNu __________
hasu ____________
magu ___________
guru ____________
4.5 Transform according to the model
Model : T : adu doDDa mane
S : aa mane doDDadu
Transform
4.5.1 adu cikka pustaka
4.5.2 idu hosa sthaLa
4.5.3 adu haLeya uuru
4.5.4 adu nanna tangiya mane
4.5.5 adu aa hasuvina karu
4.5.6 adu entha mane ?
4.6.1 Mysore is a big city
4.6.2 There is a shop behind my house
4.6.3 That book is kamala's
4.6.4 My book is in my house
4.6.5 Where is your dog ?
4.7.1 nimma mane elli ide ?
4.7.2 nimmadu swanta maneenoo baaDige maneenoo ?
4.7.3 nimma mane gurutu eenu ?
5. Vocabulary
eDa pakka 'left side'
elli 'where'
gurutu 'identification / land mark'
tengina mara 'coconut tree'
duura 'far off'
bala pakka 'right side'
baaDige 'rent'
mane 'house'
munde 'in front of'
swanta 'own'
swalpa 'a little'
hattira 'near'
hinde 'behind'
5.1 Supplementary vocabuary
aane 'elephant'
kannaDi 'mirror'
kaaDu 'forest'
kaaleeju 'college'
kiTaki 'window'
gaNi 'mines'
cappali 'chappals'
cinna 'gold'
jaaga 'place'
peTTige 'box'
benki paTTaNa 'match box'
ruumu 'room'
saykallu 'cycle'
siire 'saree'
SarTu 'shirt'
Lesson 6/41
LESSON - 6
1. Dialogue :
Shiva : ondu kg. badanekaayige What is the price of a kilo
eashTu bele ? of brinjals ?
tarakaari vyaapaari : It is eight and a half rupees
ondu kg. badanee for one kilo of brinjals
kaayige enTuvare
ruupaayi
Shiva : nimma angaDiyalli bele Rates are high in your
jaasti shop
t.v. : illa saar. iiga habbada No Sir. This is festival
siisannu. ella tarakaari season. The prices of all
beleenuu jaasti vegetables are high
Shiva : ardha kg. TomyaaToo How much for a half kilos
haNNige eshTu ? of tomatoes ?
t.v. : hattu kaalu ruupayi Ten and quarter rupees
Shiva : TomyaaToo bele ashTu Is the rate of tomatoes so
jaastiinaa ? high ?
t.v. : havdu saar, Yes sir, There are no
maarkeTTinalli tomatoes in the market
TomyaaToo haNNe illa
Shiva : aa kumbaLakaayige How much is that
eshTu ? pumpkin ?
t.v. : doDDadakkoo The big one or small one ?
cikkadakkoo ?
shiva : doDDadakke eshTu How much is the big one ?
cikkadakke eshTu ? How much is the small
one ?
t.v. : doDDakke eeLu Seven rupees for the big
ruupaayi. cikkadakke one. four rupees for the
naalku ruupaayi small one
Shiva : doDDadu kaDme ilvaa ? Nothing less for the big
one ?
t.v. : illa saar. ellaa taaja No sir. It is all fresh stuff
maalu. ondee bele Fixed prices
Shiva : kooLi moTTege eshTu ? How much are eggs ?
t.v. : kooLi moTTege ondu one rupee seventy paise
ruupaayi eppattu paise each
Shiva : kottumbari soppu ? coriander (leaves) ?
t.v. : ondu kantege ayvattu It is fifty paise a bunch
paise
1.1 Dialogue
Postmaster : nimage eenu beeku ? What do you want ?
Shankara : nange aydu inlyaanD I want five inland letters
leTer beeku. ondu How much is an inland
inlyaanD leTerge letter ?
eshTu ?
P.M. : ondakke eraDu It is two rupees each.
ruupaayi. aameele What else do you want
eenu beeku saar ? sir ?
Shankara : envelap ideyaa ? Do you have envelopes ?
P.M. : illa saar. envelap No sir. There is no stock of
sTaak illa. sTyamp envelopes. Stamps are
ide available
Shankara : muuru ruupaayiyadu I want six stamps of three
aaru sTyamp beeku rupees. Seven stamps of
hattu paiseedu eeLu ten paise
sTyamp beeku
P.M. : inneenu beeku saar ? What else do yout want sir ?
Shankara : hanneraDu kaarD I want twelve cards
P.M. : inneenuu beeDvaa ? Don't you want anything ?
Shankara : beeDa No. I don'g want
P.M. : yaarige saar To whom are all these
ishTondu kaarDu ? cards sir ?
Shankara : naalku nanna Four for my friend, five
sneehitanige, aydu for my younger sister
nanna tangi Kamala and three for me
kamalnige, muutu
nanage
2. Pattern drill ;
2.1 nimma manege baaDige How much is the rent for
eshTu ? your house ?
bengaLuurige bas How much is the bus fare
caarju eshTu ? to Bangalore
2.2 ondu kilo huruLikaayige It is eight rupees for a kilo
enTu ruupaayi of beans
aa pustakakke muuru It is three rupees for that
ruupaayi Book
tenginakaayi eraDakke It is twelve rupees for two
hanneraDu ruupaayi coconuts
2.3 avanige eenu beeku ? What does he want ?
nanage ondu capaati I want a chapati
beeku
ninage eshTu doose How many dosas do you
beeku ? want ?
avarige hannondu He wants eleven rupees.
ruupaayi beeku
avaLige eenuu beeDa She does'nt want anything
2.4 siitege aa siire Does'nt Sita wants that
beeDvaa ? saree ?
rajanige hattu ruupaayi Does Rajani want ten
beekaa ? rupees ?
raamanige ippattu Rama wants twenty
ruupaayi beeku rupees
aa kaaleejige oLLeya That college has a good
hesaru ide name
nimma uurige eshTu How many Kilometers to
kilomiiTar ? your home town ?
3.1 The use of dative marker is as follows - (i) ge, - age and
- akke are the dative case markers. the function of the
dative is to denote the direction.
beneficiary, recipient or even sometimes possessor of
objects or qualities.
The use of dative marker is as follows
3.1.1 -- (i) ge
3.1.1.1 --u ending neuter nouns, - a ending human nouns
and third person human Pronouns take - ige as
dative
kaaleeju + ige = kaaleejige 'to the college'
uuru + ige = uurige 'to the native place'
bassu + ige = bassige 'to the bus'
raama + ige = raamanige 'to Rama'
tamma + ige = tammanige 'to younger brother'
sarasa + ige = sarasanige 'to Sarasa'
avanu + ige = avanige 'to him'
avaLu + ige = avaLige 'to her'
avaru + ige = avarige 'to them'
3.1.1.2 All categories of nouns ending in - i and - e take -ge as
dative
sumati + ge = Sumatige 'to Sumati'
raadhe + ge = raadhege 'to Radha'
mane + ge = manege 'to house'
naayi + ge = naayige 'to dog'
tarkaari + ge = tarkaarige 'to vegetable'
3.1.2 First and second person pronouns take - age as dative
nannu + age = nanage 'to me'
naavu + age = namage 'to us'
niinu + age = ninage 'to you' (sg)
niivu + age = nimage 'to you' (pl. + hon.)
3.1.3 Neuter nouns ending in - a, third person neuter pronouns
and numerals take - akke as dative
mara + akke = marakke 'to tree'
kaagadda + akke = kaagadakke 'to the paper'
adu + akke = adakke 'to that'
ondu + akke = ondakke 'to one'
nuuru + akke = nuurakke 'to one hundred'
3.2 Numerals are introduced
ondu 'one' aaru 'six'
eraDu 'two' eeLu 'seven'
muuru 'three' enTu 'eight'
naalku 'four' ombattu 'nine'
aydu 'five' hattu 'ten'
are basic numerals.
These numerals can be further developed by addition and
multiplication.
hattu + ondu = hannondu 'eleven'
hattu + eraDu = hanneraDu 'twelve'
hattu + mooru = hadimuuru 'thirteen'
hattu + naalku = hadinaalku 'fourteen'
hattu + aydu = hadinaydu 'fifteen'
hattu + aaru = hadinaaru 'sixteen'
hattu + eeLu = hadineeLu 'seventeen'
hattu + enTu = hadineNtu 'eighteen'
hattu + ombattu = hattombattu 'ninteen'
hattu + hattu = ippattu 'twenty'
Note that the numerals from eleven to nineteen (as in english !)
have slightly irregular forms and as in English again numerals
from twenty onwards are expressed as multiples of ten plus
basic numerals.
ippattu + ondu = ippattondu 'twenty one'
ippattu + eraDu = ippatteraDu 'twenty two'
every multiple of ten is expressed by adding the word for ten to a
basic number.
muuru x hattu = muuvattu 'thirty'
naalku x hattu = nalvattu 'forty'
aydu x hattu = ayvattu 'fifty'
aaru x hattu = aravattu 'sixty'
eeLu x hattu = eppattu 'seventy'
enTu x hattu = embattu 'eighty'
ombattu x hattu = tombattu 'ninety'
hattu x hattu = nuuru 'hundred'
number above hundred can be similarly derived.
nuura ondu 'hundred and one'
nuura hattu 'hundred and ten'
The possessive marker - a is added to the first numeral.
Observe the following examples.
aydu nuura hattu 'five hundred and ten'
ondu saavirada eraDu 'one thousand two'
3.3 beeku 'want' and its corresponding negation beeda 'do
not want' are also introduced. Note that beeku and beeda
are always obligatorily used with dative subject.
nanage kaafi beeku 'I want coffee'
raajanige niiru beeDa 'Raju doesn't want water'
3.4 eshTu 'how much' is a quantitative interrogative word
(either adjective or pronoun). It covers both 'how many'
and 'how much'
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the suitable words
4.1.2 nimma angaDiyalli savtekaayi ________ ?
4.4.2 avaLige inneenu ____________
4.1.3 saroojana vayassu ____________?
4.1.4 ____________ ondu kantege hattu paise.
4.2.1 nanage ondu kilo ____________ beku. (brinjal)
4.2.2 ella saamaaniguu ____________ jaasti (price)
4.2.3 __________ ondakke ondu ruupaayi ayvattu paise (egg)
4.2.4 avarige iDLi saambaar ____________ (not wanted)
in the bracket
4.3.1 _________ eenu beeku ? (niivu)
4.3.2 doDDa _________ eshTu ? (kumbaLakaayi)
4.3.3 _________ aaru sTyaamp. (hannerDu ruupaayi)
4.3.4 savteekaayi _________ ? (illa)
4.4. Transform the following according to the model
4.4. Model : beenDeekaayi __________benDeekaayige
maalini__________
ravi__________
naadini __________
Siite __________
mane __________
atte __________
savteekaayi __________
4.4.2 Model : baaLee haNNu ______ baaLee haNNige
kottambari soppu __________
kaalu __________
magaLu __________
avanu __________
avaLu __________
avaru __________
4.4.3 Model : cikkadu _________ cikkadakke
doDDadu ___________
ondu __________
eraDu __________
aaru _________
adu __________
4.4.4 Model : naanu _______ nanage
niinu ________
niivu ________
4.4.5 Model : raaju ________ raajuvige
raaamu ________
hasu ________
guru ________
sarayu ________
karu ________
4.4.6 Model : kamala ________ kamalanige
aSooka ________
vinuta ________
maga ________
bhaava ________
4.5 Translate the following into kanndad :
I want a cup of coffee
What is the rent for your house ?
Anitha does not want brinjal
What else do you want ?
How much is the big pumpkin ?
4.6 Use the following in sentences of your own :
aydu jaasti kaDime aameele
4.7 Answer the following questions :
nimage eenu beeku ?
savitana siirege eshTu rupaayi ?
nimma magaLige habbakke hosa langa beeDvaa ?
nimage sambaLa eshTu ?
5. Vocabulary :
aameele 'after wards'
inneenu 'what else'
eshTu 'how much'
kaDime 'less'
kante 'bundle / bunch'
kottumbari soppu 'coriander leaves'
'greens' (vegetables)
kooLimoTTe 'egg'
jaasti more / too much'
ToomyaaTo 'tomato'
tarkaari 'vegetable'
taaja maalu 'fresh stuff'
badanekaayi 'brinjal'
bele 'cost / price'
habba 'festival'
kaalu 'leg'
baaLe haNNu 'plantain'
benDekaayi 'lady's finger'
vayassu 'age'
saamaanu 'things / articles'
savtekaayi 'cucumber'
huraLikaayi 'beans'
Lesson 7/53
LESSON - 7
1. Dialogue :
Kamala : ivattu eshTanee taariiku ? What is the date today ?
Sheela : ivattu hannondanee Today is the eleventh
taariiku
Kamala : naaLe hanneraDanee Tomorrow is twelth
taariiku, mangaLavaara Tuesday. It is a holiday
namage raja for us
Sheela : yaake ? Why ?
Kamala : naaLe namma kaaleejina Tomorrow is the annual
vaarshikootsava day of our college
Sheela : mukhya atithi yaaru ? Who is the chief guest ?
Kamala : mukhya atithi The chief guest is
Dr. sarvajna Dr. sarvajna
Sheela : nimma kaaleeju Is your college a big one?
doDDa kaalejaa ?
Kamala : havdu. tumbaa doDDa Yes. It is a very big
kaaleeju college
Sheela : vidyaarthigaLa sankhye What is the number of
eshTu ? students ?
Kamala : vidyaarthigaLa sankhye The number of students is
ondu saavirada innuuru one thousand two hundred
Sheela : vidyaarthigaLu eshTu How many men students ?
jana ? vidyaarthiniyaru How many women
eshTu jana ? students ?
Kamala : vidyaarthigaLu enTu Men are eight hundred
nuuru. vidyaarthiniyaru Women are four hundred.
naanuuru
Sheela : adhyaapakaru eshTu What is the strength of
jana ? teachers ?
Kamala : naavu adhyaapakaru We are sixty teachers
aravattu jana
Sheela : adhyaapakiyaru ? Lady teachers ?
Kamala : avaru hattu jana They are ten
Sheela : nimma kaaleejinalli How many rooms are there
eshTu ruumugaLu ive ? in your college ?
Kamala : ippattaydu ruumugalu There are twenty five
ive rooms
1.1 Dialogue
Ravi : nimage eshTu jana How many children have
makkalu ? you ?
Ranga : naalku jana Four children
Ravi : heNNu makkaLu eshTu How many daughters ?
jana ? gaNDu makkaLu How many sons ?
eshTu jana ?
Ranga : gaNDu makkaLu Three sons and one
muuvaru. heNNu magaLu daughter
obbaLu
Ravi : gaNdu makkaLu In which class are the
eshTanee klaasu sons ?
Lesson 7/55 54/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
Ranga : modalaneyavanu B.A The first one is in first
modalaneya varsha year B.A. Two are in
ibbaru hayskuulu high school. The daughter
magaLu hyskuulu in the last year of High
konee varsha school
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 ivattu soomavaara Today is Monday
ivattu ippattondaneya Today is twenty first (of
taariiku the month)
naaLe mangaLavaara Tomorrow is Tuesday
naaLe ippatteraDaneya Tomorrow is twenty
taariiku second
ninne bhaanuvaara Yesterday was Sunday
ninne ippattaneya Yesterday was twentieth
taariiku
naaDiddu budhavaara The day after tomorrow is
Wednesday
naaDiddu ippattamuura The day after tomorrow is
neya taariiku twenty third
monne Sanivaara The day before yesterday
was Saturday
aace naaDiddu guru Two days after tomorrow
vaara is Thursday
aace naaDiddu ippatta Two days after tomorrow
naalkaneya taariiku is twenty fourth
aace monne Sukravaara Two days before
yesterday was Friday
aace monne hadineeLa Two days before yesterday
neya taariiku was seventeenth
2.2 Srii raama daSarathana Sri Rama was Dasharatha's
modalaneya maga first son
lakshmaNa muuraneya Lakshmana was the third
maga son
bharata eraDaneya maga Bharata was the second son
2.3 ivaatu eshTaneya taariiku What is the date today ?
nimma magaLu In which class your
eshTaneya klaasu ? daughter is ?
Srii raama daSarathana What (rank) son was Rama
eshTaneya maga ? to Dasharatha ?
2.4 adu ondu pustaka That is a book
avu eraDu pustakagaLu Those are two books
ivu naalku pennugaLu These are four pens
ii aydu naayigaLu These five dogs are ours
nammavu
2.5 avanu obba huDuga He is a boy
naavu ibbaru We are two students
vidyaarthigaLu
namma maneyalli eraDu There are two cats in our
bekkugaLu ive. house
avaru muuvaru kannaDa Those three are Kannada
vidyaarthiniyaru students (fem)
ivaru naalku jana nanna These four are my younger
tammandiru brothers
paaNDavaru ayvaru Pandavas were five
members
draupadiya ganDandiru Draupadi's husbands were
aydu jana five in number
avaru ibbaru namma Those two are our servants.
aaLugaLu
2.6 iiga hattu gaNTe Now it is ten o' clock
hanneraDu gaNTege It is fifteen minutes to
hadinaydu nimisha ide twelve
iiga eraDuuvare gaNTe Now, it is half past two
hannondu mukkaalu The class is at quarter to
gaNTege klaasu ide twelve
ninage ombattu Do you want coffee at
mukkaalu gaNTege quarter to ten ?
kkafi beekaa ?
3. Key to Learners :
3.1 The basic numerals are further extended by adding -
aneya anee, resulting the numeral adjectives
ondu + aney = ondaneya 'first'
hattu + aneya = hattaneya 'tenth'
nuuru + aneya = nuuraneya 'hundredth'
eshTu also takes aneya /anee and forms the corresponding
ordinal interrogation
eshTu + aneya = eshTaneya
anee is the colloquial form of aneya
3.2 The plural markers are introduced. There are three plural
markers -andiru, - aru and - gaLu
3.2.1 - andiru is used with relative nouns ending with - a.
anna + andiru = annandiru 'elder brothers'
bhaava + andiru = bhaavandiru 'brothers - in - law'
akka + andiru = akkandiru 'elder sisters'
3.2.2 -aru is used with other human nouns
adhyaapaka + aru = adhyaapakaru 'teachers'
vidyarthini + aru = vidyaarthiniyaru 'girl students'
soase + aru = soseyaru 'daughters - in - law'
3.2.3 -gaLu is used with other neuter nouns
mara + gaLu = maragaLu 'trees'
kurci + gaLu = kurcigaLu 'chairs'
dina + gaLu = dinagaLu 'days'
varsha + gaLu = varshagaLu 'years'
hasu + gaLu = hasugaLu 'cows'
There are few human nouns which take - gaLu as plural marker.
But they are exceptional cases.
manti + gaLu = mantrigaLu 'ministers'
guru + gaLu = gurugaLu 'teachers'
vidyaarthi + gaLu = vidyaarthigaLu 'students'
3.3 naavu 'we' first person plural pronoun
3.4 Note, how the basic numerals change into human
numerals before a human noun
adu ondu mara 'that is a tree'
avanu obba huDuga 'He is a boy'
in the same way
eraDu > ibbaru 'two persons'
muuru > muuvaru 'three persons'
naalku > naalvaru 'four persons'
aydu > ayvaru 'five persons'
- aru is not added after five. But from three onwards jana
'person' is the frequent use. Thus the form is,
muuru jana 'three members'
hattu jana 'ten members'
nuuru jana 'hundred members'
jana is also used with eshTu
3.5 Note the use of numerals above thousand
ondu saavirad nuura hattu
'one thousand hundred and ten'
Here saavira takes the possessive marker - a and when
nuuru is followed by any numeral, the form used is
nuura
nuura enTu 'hundred and eight'
saavirada ombynuura nalavatteeLu
'One thousand nine hundred and forty seven'
3.6 Srii raama eshTaneya maga ?
The literal translation of the above question is not
possible in English. It is a question which anticipates an
answer in the forms of an ordinal such as first, second,
etc. It can only be translated as non-existent English
form ' How manyth ?
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words
4.1.1 ivattu ____________ taariiku ?
4.1.2 bhaanuvaara namage ____________
4.1.3 ravige ____________ makkaLu ?
4.1.4 samaarambhada ____________ Dr. paTTanaayak
4.2.1 nanage ____________ magaLu (one)
4.2. maadhaviya ____________ maga yaava klaasu ? (first)
4.2.3 sureeSana maneyalli ________________ ruumugaLu
ive (fifteen)
4.2.4 Saalinige ____________ tangiyaru (two)
4.2.5 idu ____________ mane (our)
4.3 Change the following according to the model :
4.3.1 Model : ondu ---- ondaneya
Change : eraDu ______
eshTu
modalu ______
4.3.2 Model : vidyaarthi --- vidyaarthigaLu
Change : mantri _______
aaLu _________
aaspatre _______
mara _________
4.3.3 Model : vidyaarthini --- vidyaarthiniyaru
Change huDugi _________
atte ____________
tangi ___________
huDuga _________
adhyaapaka ______
4.3.4 Model : aNNa _______ aNNandiru
change akka _________
tamma _________
bhaava _________
appa ___________
4.4 Change into Interrogative using the underlined word
4.4.1 ivattu guruvaara
4.4.2 naaLe hattanee taariiku
4.4.3 nanage naalku jana makkaLu
4.4.4 ravige aydu ruupaayi beeku ?
4.4.5 avaLa hesaru Liilaa
4.4.6 adu maalatiya mane
4.4.7 avara maatru bhaashe telugu alla
4.5.1 What day is to day ?
4.5.2 My daughter's birthday is on 10th October
4.5.3 We have two houses in Bangalore
4.5.4 What is the strength of your class ?
4.5.5 How many daughters do you have ?
4.6 Answer the following question
4.6.1 nimma magana / magaLa pariikshe yaavaaga ?
4.6.2 nimage eshTu jana tangiyaru / tammandiru ?
4.6.3 naaLe nimage rajaanaa ?
4.6.4 niivu obbanee / obbaLee / magaLaa maganaa ?
5. Vocabulary :
ivattu 'today'
gaNDu makkaLu 'sons'
janma dina 'birthday'
taariiku 'date'
naaLe 'tomorrow'
mangaLavaara 'Tuesday'
mukhya atithi 'chief guest'
raja 'holiday'
vaarshikootsva 'annual day'
sankhye 'number'
heNNu makkaLu 'daughters / girl's
5.1 Supplementary Vocabulary
aaLu 'servant'
gaNTe 'hours/time, bell'
guruvaara 'Thursday'
nimisha 'minute'
bekku 'cat'
budhavaara 'Wednesday'
bhaanuvaara 'Sunday'
soomavaara 'Monday'
Sanivaara 'Saturday'
Sukravaara 'Friday'
LESSON - 8
1. Dialogue :
BaTTe vyaapaari : eenu beeku saar ? What do you want sir ?
Ramesh : nange SarTige I want cloth for shirts
pyaaNTige baTTe beeku and pants
b.v. : yaaava baTTe beeku Which cloth do you want
saar ? sir ?
Ramesh : SarTige paaliyesTar Ployester for shirts and
pyaaNTige Terivul beeku terriwool for pants
b.v. : SarTige Yaava What colour would you
bannabeku? want for Shirt Sir?
Ramesh : yaava yaava baNNa ide ? What colours do you
have ?
b.v. : kempu, biLi, nilli Red, white, blue, yellow
haLadi ella ide we have all these
Ramesh : kempu beeDa. adu nange I don't want red. I don't
ishTa illa, nilli nange like it. I like blue
ishTa
b.v. : eshTu beeku saar ? How much do you want
sir ?
Ramesh : eraDu miiTar beeku ? I want two meters
b.v. : SarTige eraDu miiTar Two meters isn't enough
saalalla for shirt Sir ?
Ramesh : nanage eraDu miiTar Two meters are enough
saaku for me
b.v. : pyaaNTige yava baNNa Which colour do you
beeku saar ? want for pants sir ?
Ramesh : pyaaNTige kappu beeku I want black for pants
b.v. : biLiidu beeDavaa saar ? Don't you want white
reemaanDs ide one sir ? Raymonds is
available
Ramesh : beeDa. kariide beeku No. I want black only
b.v. : sari saar Allright sir
Ramesh : nimmalli sveTar ilva ? Don'g you have sweaters ?
b.v. : illa saar. namdee No sir. We have another
innondu angaDi ide. alli shop of our own. We
sveTar ide have sweaters there.
Ramesh : nimma aa angaDi elli Where is that shop of
ide ? yours ?
b.v. : nimage vaasavi klaat Do you know Vasavi
senTar gottaa ? Cloth Centre ?
Ramesh : illa gottilla No. I don't know
b.v. : sangam thiyeeTar Do you know Sangam
gottaa ? theatre ?
Ramesh : havdu, gottu Yes. I know
b.v. : adara pakkadalli ide It is beside that
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 aa biLi SarT yaaradu ? Whose that white shirt is ?
ii hasiru langa nannadu This green skirt is mine
ii kempu pennina bele What is the cost of this red
eshTu ? pen ?
nanage kappu karcif I don't want a black hand
beeDa kerchief
raamanige nilli baaNNa Rama wants blue colour
beeku
rajanige haLadi siire ishTa Rajani likes yellow saree
aa gooDeya baNNa biLi The colour of that wall is
white
avara kaarina baNNa teLu The colour of her/his car is
niili light blue
Avana Saykal Kaaduniilii His cycle is dark blue.
2.2 ravige kathe pustaka ishTa Ravi likes story books
rajanige kathe pustaka Rajani doesn't like story
ishTa illa books
avaLige capaati ishTa illa She doesn't like chapatis
nange uppinakaayi ishTa I like pickles
2.3 nimage liDoo taakiis Do you know Lido talkies?
gottaa ?
raamanige raavaNa Does Rama know Ravana?
gottaa ?
lalitanige hindi sinimaa Does Lalitha like Hindi
ishTaana ? films ?
ivarige kannaDa sinimaa Does'nt he/she like
ishTa ilvaa ? Kannada films ?
avaLige hattu ruupaayi Does she want ten rupees ?
beekaa ?
nimage kaafi beeDvaa ? Don't you want coffee ?
ivarige ardha kap kaafi Is half cup of coffee
saakaa ? enough for him / her ?
naayige ondu kap haalu Isn't a cup of milk enough
saalalvaa ? for the dog ?
2.4 nanage maalini gottu I know Malini
avrige raviindra They know Ravindra
kalaaksheetra gottu Kalakshetra
huDugarige vidhaana The boys know the way to
saudhada daari gottu Vidhana Soudha
ivarige hindi gottu He/she knows Hindi
manooharge kannaDa Manohar does'nt know
gottilla Kannada
nanage prajaavaaNi I don't know the editor of
sampaadakaru gottilla Prajavani
2.5 bhiimanige aydu doose Five dosas are enough for
saku Bhima
kubeerappanige tingaLige Ten rupees will be
hattu ruupaayi saaku sufficient for Kuberappa
for a month
nanage dinakke ippatta Twenty four hours a day
naalku gaNTe saalalla is not sufficient for me
avanige tingaLige aynuuru A salary a five hundred
ruupaayi sambaLa saalalla rupees a month is not
sufficient for him
2.6 aa angaDiyalli akki ide There is rice in that shop.
it angaDiyalli pustaka illa There are no books in this
shop
nanna hattira oLLeya There is a good pen with
pennu ide me
avara maneyalli There is no clock in his /
gaDiyaara illa her house
3.1 The basic colour adjectives are :
biLi 'white'
kapu/kari 'black'
kempu 'red'
hasiru 'green'
haLadi 'yellow'
niili 'blue'
by adding - adu to the colour adjectives predicative forms
can be obtained
biLi + adu = biLiyadu 'white one'
kempu + adu = kempadu 'red one'
3.2 beeku 'want'
ishTa 'like'
saaku 'enough'
gottu 'know'
are model or defective verbs. These verbs do not take tense
and personal markers like regular verbs
beeDa 'do not want'
ishTa illa 'do not like'
saalalla 'not enough'
gottilla 'do not know'
are the corresponding negative forms of the above said
defective verbs. Note that all these verbs obligatorily take
dative subject.
nanage tiNDi beeku 'I want tiffin'
avaLige hattu ruupaayi 'Ten rupees will not be
saalalla sufficient for her'
3.3 illa negates the verb. Compare this with alla, which
negates noun.
ninna hattira pennu ideyaa ?
illa. nanna hattira pennu illa
adu ninna pennaa ?
alla, adu nanna tammana pennu
4. Exercises :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words :
4.1.1 nanage _________ baNNa ishTa
4.1.2 nimage nanna tande _________ ?
4.1.3 avaLige sangiita tumbaa _________
4.1.4 nanage ninna sahavaasa khaNDita _________
4.1.5 raajuvige iiga kathe pustaka _________
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the kannada equlivalents of the
English words given in the bracket :
4.2.1 adu ________ siire (green)
4.2.2 nanage naanuuru ruupaayi sambaLa ______ (not
enough)
4.2.3 Saaliniya mane sangam Taakiis _______ ide (beside)
4.2.4 sumanige uuTakke eraDu capaati ______ (don't want)
4.3 Change the following according to the model :
Model : kappu _____ kappadu
Change : hasiru __________
kempu __________
niili __________
biLi __________
4.4 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the word
given in the bracket :
4.4.1 aa langa ____________ (niili)
4.4.2 ravige namma DayrekTar ____________ ? (gottilla)
4.4.3 ravige eraDee eraDu SarTu ____________ ? (saaku)
4.4.4 nimage siire ____________ ? (beeDa)
4.5 Use the following in your own sentences :
(1) yaara
(2) avaradee
(3) haLadi
(4) baTTe
(5) angaDi
4.6 Translate the following sentences into kannada
4.6.1 I don't want blue pen
4.6.2 Do you like capathi for breakfast ?
4.6.3 I don't like that dark red cloth
4.6.4 I want two packets of biscuits
4.7.1 nimage yaava baNNada baTTe ishTa ?
4.7.2 nimage tiNDige capaati ishTaanaa ?
4.7.3 nimage uuTakke eshTu capaati beeku ?
4.7.4 nimage karnaaTakada mukhya mantri gottaa ?
4.7.5 nimage kannaDa sinimaa ishTaanoo hindi sinimaa
ishTaanoo ?
5. Vocabulary :
kappu / kari 'black'
kempu 'red'
niili 'blue
baTTe 'cloth'
baNNa 'colour'
biLi 'white'
haLadi 'yellow'
akki 'raw rice'
uppinakaayi 'pickles'
uuTa 'meals'
kaDu niili 'dark blue'
teLu niili 'light blue'
gooDe 'wall'
daari 'way/path'
langa 'long skirt'
sampaadaka 'editor'
sahavaasa 'companionship'
haalu 'milk'
LESSON - 9
1. Dialogue :
Vijaya : suma leeDiis ruuminalli Is suma in the ladies
idaaLaa ? room ?
Shashi : illa, avaLu ruuminalli illa No. She is not in the
avaLige iiga klaas ide room. She has class. She
avaLu klaasinalli idaaLe is in the class
Vijaya : ninage iiga klaas ilvaa ? Don't you have class
now ?
Shashi : illa. nanage klaas illa. No. I don't I have class
muuru gaNTege klaas ide at three o' clock
Vijaya : nimma profesar uurinalli Is your professor in
idaaraa ? town ?
Shashi : illa. avaru uurinalli illa No. He is not in town
Vijaya : sumaa naalku gaNTege will Suma be in the
ruuminalli irtaaLaa ? room at four o' clock ?
Shashi : iralla. naalku gaNTege No she won't. She will
laybrarilli irtaaLe be in the library at four
o' clock
Vijaya : niinu naalku gaNTege will you be in the library
laybrariili irtiiyaa ? at four o' clock ?
Shashi : havdu. irtiinii Yes. I will be there
1.1 Dialogue :
Raghava : namaskaara, cennagi Hello. are you well ?
idiiraa ?
Rao : cennagi idiini. nimma Yes I do. Is your father
tande maneyalli idaaraa ? at home ?
Raghava : avaru maneyalli illa No. He is not at home
angaDiili idaare He is in shop
Rao : Yaake ? nimma aNNa Why ? isn't your elder
uurinalli ilvaa ? brother in town ?
Raghava : ibbaruu allee idaare Both are there
Rao : nimma tande maneyalli When will be your father
yaavaga irtaare ? at home ? Will he be at
saayankaala irtaaraa ? home in the evening ?
Raghava : iralla. saayankaala No. he won't. He will
tooTadalli irtaare be in the farm in the
raatri maneyalli irtaarw evening. He will be at
home in the night
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 naanu maysuurinalli idini I am in Mysore
naanu iiga hooTelinalli I am in a hotel now
idiini
naavu aafiisinalli idiivi We are in the office
nnavu bengaLuurinalli We are living in
vaasa idiivi Bangalore
niinu elli idiiye ? Where are you ?
niivu yaava biidiyalli In which street tdo you
idiiri / live ? (pl+hon.)
niinu yaava uurinalli idiiye ? In which place are you ?
niivu elli idiiri / Where are you (pl.+hon.)?
avanu hattanee klaasinalli He is in tenth class
idaane
mallikaarjuna maneya Mallikarjuna is inside the
oLage idaane House
avaLu haasTelinalli She is in the hostel
idaaLe
padma byaankinalli idaaLe Padma is in the Bank
avaru pakkada maneyalli They are in the house next
idaare door
nanna tande taayi uurinalli My father and mother are
idare in our home town
pustaka meejina meele ide The book is on the table
haNNugaLu maradalli ive The fruits are on the tree
2.2 naanu saayankaala I will be in the city in the
siTiyalli irtiini evening
naavu naaLe We will be in Bangalore
bengaLuurinalli irtiivi tomorrow
niinu ivattu madhyaanha Where will you be today
elli irtiiye ? afternoon ?
niivu beligge eNTu Where will you be in the
gaNTege elli irtiiri ? morning at eight o' clock ?
avanu dinaa sanje aydu He will be in the play-
gaNTege aaTada mydaana ground daily at five o'
dalli irtaane clock in the evening.
avaLu hattu gaNTege She will be in the college
kaaleejinalli irtaaLe at ten o' clock
hasu madhyaanha The cow will be in the
tooTadalli iratte. garden in the afternoon
karugaLu maneyalli The calves will be at
irtaave home
2.3 avanu uurinalli illa He is not in town
aa kaadambari That novel is not in the
laybrariyalli illa Library
2.4 naanu naaLe maneyalli I won't be at home
iralla tomorrow
avaru ishTu hottinalli He/she won't be in the
angaDiyalli iralla shop at this time
3.1 The verb iru 'to be' introduced in this lesson. iru plays in
important role as a main verb as well as an auxillary verb.
iru verb has two bases in Kannada. They are id - and - ir
id - is used as definite construction, whereas ir - used as
indefinite or habitual construction.
nanna sneeita maneyalli idaane
In this sentence, the friend's presence at home is definite
nanna sneehite madhyanha maneyalli irtaaLe
Here irtaaLe is used as an indefinite construction with
future proposition. This can also be used as habitual as in
the following sentence.
avaLu dinaa naalku gaNTege laybrariyalli irtaaLe
3.1.1 When id - the difinite form is used, it won't take my tense
marker. This will be straightaway added to the personal
marker
The paradigm is given below :
naanu id - iini naavu id-iivi
niinu id-iiye niivu id-iiri
avanu id-aane
avaLu id-aaLe avaru id-aare
adu id-e avu iv-e
3.1.2 Whereas ir - will be first added to -t- which is non past
tense marker, then added to personal marker. Thus
obtaining the forms
naanu ir-t-iini naavu ir-t-iivi
niinu ir-t-iiye niivu ir-t-iiri
avanu ir-t-aane
avaLu ir-t-aaLe avaru ir-t-aare
adu iru-tt-e avu iru-t-ve/ir-t-aave
Note that in the third person neut. sg. - t - is doubled
3.1.3 illa and iralla are the corresponding negative forms of
id- and ir - respectively
There is no person, number or gender distinction made
in the negative construction.
3.2 alli is the locative case marker which denotes location.
The changes are of the same of possessive case when
added to the nouns.
4. Exercise :
4.1.1 _____________ avanu angaDiyaalli idaane
4.1.2 _____________ namma tande maneyalli irtaare
4.1.3 _____________ ishTu hottinalli angaDiyalli irtaane
4.1.4 nanage hattu gaNTege klaasu _____________
in the bracket :
4.2.1 nimma akka maneyalli __________ ? (iru)
4.2.2 kamalana tamma uurinalli __________ ? (iru)
4.2.3 nimma naayi sadaa tooTadalli __________ ? (iralla)
4.2.4 aaspatreyalli DaakTaru __________ ? (illa)
4.3 Match the following :
1. niinu yaavaaga maneyalli (a) idaare
2. sumati iiga aaspatreyalli (b) idaane
3. avaru heege (c) irtiiye
4. pustaka meejina meele (d) irtiiri
5. niivu yaavaaga angaDiyalli (e) ide
6. aravindana tamma madaraasinalli (f) idaaLe
4.4 Change in to negative :
4.4.1 kamala amerikaadalli idaaLe
4.4.2 nimma aNNa uurinalli idaaraa ?
4.4.3 nanna pustaka ninna hattira ide
4.4.4 raamaraayaru ishTu hottinalli klabbinalli irtaaraa ?
1. beLigge 4. keLage
2. saayankaala 5. uuru
3. tooTa 6. aaTada maydaana
4.6.1 At what time will you be at home ?
4.6.2 Suma won't be there at this time
4.6.3 All the twenty four hours he will be in the club
4.6.4 He is not there
4.6.5 Will you be there at ten o' clock ?
4.7 Answer the following question :
4.7.1 niivu elli vaasa idiiri ?
4.7.2 niivu dinaa saayankaala maneyalli irtiiraa ?
4.7.3 nimage svanta mane ideyaa ?
4.7.4 nimma maneyalli eshTu jana idaare ?
4.7.5 nimma uuru yaava raajyada, yaava jilleyalli ide ?
5. Vocabulary :
tooTa 'garden'
raatri 'night'
saayankaala 'evening'
oLage 'inside'
karu 'calf'
keLage 'below'
gaNTe 'hour'
biidi 'street'
madhyaanha 'afternoon'
meele 'upon / above'
vaasa 'reside / live'
haNNu 'fruit'
horage 'outside'
LESSON - 10
1. Dialogue :
Raju : baa ravi, eenu samaachaara ? Com Ravi. What is the
news ?
Ravi : eenuu illa raaju. naavella Nothing Raju. Shall we
mundina vaara piknik go for a picnic next
hoogooNavva ? week ?
Raju : aagli. ellige hoogooNa ? Allright. Where shall we
go ?
Ravi : nandi beTTakke hoogooNa Let us go to Nandi hills
Raju : yaaru yaaru bartaare ? Who are all will be
coming ?
Ravi : moohana, goopala bartaare Mohan and Gopal are
coming
Raju : sureeSa baralvaa ? Isn't Suresh coming ?
Ravi : baralla. avanige He won't come. He has
dhaaravaaDadalli kelasa work in Dharwar. He
ide. naaLe hoogtaane goes tomorrow. He
hadinaydu dinada meele comes after fifteen days
bartaane
Raju : manoohara ? Manohar ?
Ravi : avanannu keeLalaa ? Shall I ask him ?
Raju : keeLu. avanuu barali Ask him. Let him also
piknikkige oLLe kampani come. Let us have a
irali good company for the
picnic
Ravi : keeLtiini. avanu bartaane I will ask him. He will
come
Raju : mundina bhaanuvaara Let us go next Sunday
hoogooNa
Ravi : eshTu gaNTege At what time shall we
horaDooNa ? start ?
Raju : beligge enTu gaNTege Let us start at eight o'
horaDooNa clock in the morning
Ravi : tiNdi eenu tagoNDu What snacks shall we
hoogooNa ? take ?
Raju : eenaadaruu sari. niinu Anything is allright. You
sihi tiNDi tagombaa bring sweets. Let
moohana, goopaala Mohana and Gopal
puLiyoogare tarli. naanu bring tamarind rice. I
haNnu tartiini shall bring fruits
Ravi ; heege hoogooNa ? How shall we go ?
Raju : bassinalli hoogooNa. bassu Let us go by bus. Buses
tumbaa sigutve are available in plenty
Ravi : naavu ellige barooNa ? bas Where shall we come ?
sTyaaND hattira Shall we come to the bus
barooNvaa ? stand ?
Raju : bas sTyaaND hattira banni You come to the bus
naanu allige bartiini stand. I shall come there
2. Pattern drill :
2.1 niinu naaLe namma (you.sg.) Come to my
manege baa house tomorrow
niinu kaafi KuDi (you. sg) Drink Coffee
niinu ii baaLe haNNu (you.sg) Eat this banana
tinnu
niinu iiga kaaleeJige (you.sg) Go to college
hoogu now
2.2 niivu naaLe namma (you. hon. pl.) Come to
manege banni my house tomorrow
niivu kaafi KuDiyiri (you. hon. pl.) Drink
Coffee
niivu ii baaLe haNNu (you. hon. pl.) Eat this
tinni banana
niivu iiga kaaleeJige (you.hon. pl.) Go to
hoogi college now
2.3 naanu nimma manege Shall I come to your
naaLe barlaa ? house tomorrow ?
naanu kaafi kuDiyalaa ? Shall I drink coffee ?
2.4 naavu nimma manege Shall we come to your
barooNavaa ? house ?
naavu uurige hoogooNavaa ? Shall we go to home
town ?
2.5 naavu naaLe beLigge Let us go to Chamundi
caamunDi beTTakke hill tomorrow morning
hoogooNa
naavu iiga kaafi Let us drink coffee now
kuDiyooNa
2.6 avanu madaraasige hoogali Let him go to Madras
rameeSa oLage barali Let Ramesh come in
Kamala haalu kuDiyali Let Kamala drink the
milk
hasu hullu tinnali Let the cow eat the grass
2.7 naanu sinimaakke bartini I shall come to movie
naavu dinaa jileebi tintii We eat jileebis everday
niinu beLigge kaafi Do you drink coffee in
the kuDiitiyaa ? morning ?
niivu sanje tiNDi tintiiraa ? Do you eat tiffin in the
evening ?
moohana iiga bartaane Mohan comes now
nanna heNDati avaLa My wife will go to her
taayiya manege hoogtaaLe mother's house
nanna maava naaLe My father - in - law comes
bartaare tomorrow
magu hallu kuDiyatte The child drinks milk
makkaLu hallu kuDiyutve Children drink milk
3.1 Main verbs are introduced in this lesson. Verb root itself is
used as an imperative, which is always in second person
singular form. Observe the following sentences.
niinu baa 'you come'
niinu hoogu 'you go'
The imperative singular forms can be changed into
imperative plural forms by adding -iri or -i , - iri is addeds
to the verbs ending with - i or -e.
kuDi + iri = kuDiyiri 'you (pl. hon.) drink
bare + iri = bareyiri 'you (pl. hon.) write
Note the addition of -y -
-i is added to all other nouns
tinnu + i = tinni 'you (pl. hon.) eat
hoogu + i = hoogi 'you (pl. hon.) go
baa + i = banni 'you (pl. hon.) come
Note that the final -u drops in the above combination.
baa changes into ban before it takes imperative plural
form. taa 'to bring' also behaves like baa. These two verbs
have two bases viz., bar, ban and tar, tan. Observe in the
coming lessons how these bases are added to higher
constructions. These forms are also used as honorafic
singular forms.
3.2 Permissive form is obtained by adding - ali to the verb
root. These forms are operated only with third person
subjects. It is possible with first person singular subject in
interrogative construction. Observe the following
examples
hoogu + ali = hoogali
kuDi + ali = kuDiyali
avanu hoogali 'let him go'
avaLu hoogali 'let her go'
avaru hoogali 'let them go'
adu hoogali 'let it go'
avu hoogali 'let them go'
naanu ellige hoogali ? 'Where shall I go' ?
naanu eenu kuDiyali ? 'What shall I drink' ?
Note that the above sentences with first person singular
subject are in interrogative form making use of
interrogative pronouns. It is also possible to have the
interrogative sentences by adding -aa, the interrogative
suffix, thus obtaining the meaning - 'may I ..........'. - al -
will be addid to verb root as infinitive marker and then -
aa is added.
naanu uurige hoogalaa ? 'may I go to home town' ?
naanu kaafi kuDiyalaa ? 'may I drink coffee ?
3.3 'Let us go' type of structure (which is known as hortative
form) is obtained in Kannada by adding - ooNa to the verb
root in first person plural subject
hoogu + ooNa = hoogooNa 'let us go'
tinnu + ooNa = tinnoNa 'let us eat'
kuDi + ooNa = kuDiyooNa 'let us drink'
tar + ooNa = tarooNa 'let us bring'
When the iterrogative suffix - aa is added to hortative
form, -v- is added as an addition
hoogooNa + aa = hoogooNavaa ? 'shall we go ?'
barooNa + aa = barooNavaa ? 'shall we come ?'
3.4 Non-past tense marker - t - is introduced with main verbs.
Strictly speaking there is no present tense marker in
Kannada. Traditonal grammars describe -t- as present
tense marker and -v- as future tense marker. However in
modern spoken Kannada the difference between these two
tenses is nullified. - t - is used as non-past tense marker.
The future ideas are expressed by adding time aspect to the
non-past tense form
naanu kaafi kuDiitiini 'I drink coffee'
naanu naaLe uurige hoogtiini 'I will go to my
native place
tomorrow'
The structure of non - past tense is
verb root + non-past tense + pronminal
termination
hoogu + t + iini = hoogtiini
The subject and the predicate agreement in verbal
construction is strictly maintained in Kannada
Observe the following paradigm
naanu hoog - t - iini naavu hoog - t -iivi
(hoogutteene) (hoogutteeve)
niinu hoog - t - iiye niivu hoog - t - iiri
(hooguttiiye) (Hooguttiiri)
avanu hoog-t-aane avaru hoog-t-aare
(hooguttaane) (hooguttaare)
avaLu hoog-t-aaLe
(hooguttaaLe)
adu hoogu-tt - e / hoog - t - ade avu hoog - t - ave /
hooga - t - ve
(hooguttade) (hooguttave)
The forms given in paranthesis are standard written forms
3.1.5 The non-past negation is obtained by adding alla to the
verb root
tinnu + alla = tinnalla 'do not eat'
kuDi + alla = kudiyalla 'do not drink'
There is no number, gender distinction in negative
construction.
3.1.6 The accusative (objective case) marker - annu/anna is
also introduced in this lesson. Accusative case marker is
mostly optional with neuter nouns. It is obligatorily used
with human nouns and plural nouns.
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words
4.1.1 ______ bhaanuvaara bengaLuurige hoogooNa
4.1.2 naanu _________ tarali ?
4.1.3 _________ bas sTyaaND hattira banni
4.1.4 _________ beLigge kaafi kudiitaane
4.1.5 siitaa naaLe uurige _________
in the bracket
4.2.1 ayyoo. naanu eenu ____________ ? (maaDu)
4.2.2 paapa. avanu manege ___________ (hoogu)
4.2.3 naavu uurige eshTu gaNTege ______ ? (horaDu)
4.2.4 sandhya yaavaaga amerikaakke ______ ? (hoogu)
4.2.5 niivu naaLe namma manege ___________ (baa)
4.3 Interrogate
4.3.1 havdu. idu pustaka
4.3.2 aagaLi. hoogooNa
4.3.3 illa. raaju baralla
4.3.4 havdu. bassu eNTu gaNTege horaDatte
4.4 Change the form according to the model
4.4.1 Model : avanu + annu = avanannu
Change : ivanu _______
avaLu _______
adu _________
kaaDu _______
bassu ________
4.4.2 Model : mara + annu = maravannu
Change : pustaka _______
hanNa ________
dina __________
4.4.3 Model : mane + annu = maneyannu
Change : naayi _________
kathe _________
siite __________
ravi __________
4.5 Use the following verbs with non - past tense markers in
all persons
1. baru 2. horaDu 3. tinnu
4. keeLu 5. kuDi
4.6.1 I listen to music over the radio ?
4.6.2 Who will come with you ?
4.6.3 What shall I bring for you ?
4.6.4 Let him go to a movie
4.6.5 Please, take this coffee
4.6.6 Shall we go to Mangalore today ?
4.7.1 niivu ivattu saayankaala ellige hoogtiiri ?
4.7.2 niivu yaava kelasa maaDtiiri ?
4.7.3 niivu ivattu sanje sinimaake hoogtiiraa ?
4.7.4 rajaa dinadalli nimma manege sneehitaru bartaaraa ?
4.75 niivu beligge eshTu ganTege tinDi tintiiri ?
5. Vocabulary :
keLu 'to ask / to listen'
togoNDu hoogu 'to carry'
tagombaa 'to bring'
tiNDi 'snacks' / 'breakfast'
nandi beTTa 'Nandi hills'
puLiyoogare 'tamarind rice'
baa 'to come'
mundina vaara 'next week'
sigu 'to be available'
sihi tiNDi 'sweets'
horaDu 'to start'
hoogu 'to go'
iiga 'now'
kuDi 'to drink'
tinnu 'to eat'
hullu 'grass'
o - 11
1. Dialogue :
..r.c .:.. :c:t I have to go to
r./..t.. . c..:~ Dharwar. is the bus
.-c..r., cc c..:~ journey or train jour
.-c..r. ; ney better ?
.r.= . c..:~-c: cc Train journey is better
c..:~ .-c.... than bus journey. The
.^c: c./ :..= train fare is less than
t... ... the bus fare. Don't go
r./... by bus.
..r.c cc c..: .:/= Which way does the
r./.: ; train go ?
.r.= -c.tc .:/= r./.: It goes via Arasikere
..r.c -. .c. .:/:=.: ; Is that the only route ?
.r.= /.c:tc .:/:=.r One can go via
r./.... Guntakal also
..r.c c..:. .c ; Which one is shorter ?
.r.= /.c:tc^c: -c.tc The Arasikere route is
.:/:=.. . shorter than the
Guntakal route
..r.c ..- :c: .cr Are Hubli and
.c :c..: ; Dharwar close to each
other ?
.r.= -.. -cr -- Yes. They are twin
./c/-.. cities
..r.c ..- rr. Is Hubli or Dharwar
:c: rr. ; bigger ?
.r.= :c:-c: ..- Hubli is bigger than
r. Dharwar
..r.c c..:. r.. /.: ; Which one comes first ?
.r.= ..- r.. /.: Hubli comes first
..r.c -:rc. .t.. Can one go quickly in
../ r./..: ; the Kittor express ?
.r.= r./.... -. Yes. Where do you
../ r./..t. ; have to go there ?
..r.c c..r=./ r./..t. I have to go to the
cc ... :.r. University. Are autos
/.:: ; availabel at the railway
station ?
.r.= /.:. :c :.r.. Yes the are. But
r./.... ..t:. don't go by auto
. /.:. ... Plenty of busses are
r.^ available. Go by bus
..r.c ..c:. r..:ct Is a seat available for
c... .. /..:; next Monday ?
.r.= t. .c. :c rc. Difficult. It has to be
c= .:..t.. :. reserved one week
: .:.:c. earlier. You shouldn't
delay things this much.
2. Pattern drill
!.l .c/-rc^c: .rc. Mysore is smaller than
.t.. Bangalore
c:.^c: c:~ Ravana is braver than
c..=::.. Rama
::.^c: .:. .t-. Malini is younger/
smaller than Shalini
-.. ..^c: .:c He is taller than me
: t-c: = t .-c... This party is better
than that party.
.c./ r^c: /.c:. A rose is more beautiful
r .cc than a cryasnthemum
cc.^c: ...t .- Menaka is more
.cc beautiful than Rambha
.c/-rc^c: .rc. Mysore is a more
.cc: ./c beautiful city than
Bangalore
!.! .:.. .c/ r./..t. I have to go to my
home town
. ../ :. cr::. You have to give me
tr..t. ten rupees
.:.: .-/ .c One must read the
:..t. newspapers every
morning
t.:=.t. ..cr t. Everyone in Karnataka
t.c....t. should learn kannada
!.1 ... : t. .:.. (You) Don't do that
(deed)
. . t:: t..c..... (You) Don't drink too
much coffee
!.+ . .-/ .c... You may come in
-c. .:- .:/ He may go to Madras
r./.... tomorrow.
2.5 r.:. .:.:c. One shouldn't smoke
... -... .c..tr. You shouldn't scold
him
.t-. :.: .: Children shouldn't see
.r..:c. movies everyday
... : ..^c.... You shouldn't see that
.r.tr.. girl.
3.1 - inta is the comparitive marker. It is used to
compare two subjects or objects. Kannada has no
distinction of degrees in adjective itself unlike.
English. Only intensifiers like 'bahaLa', 'tumba' 'tiira', are
used to indicate the superlative degree. - inta is always
used with dative subject.
nanage kannaDa sinimakkinta hindi sinimaa ishTa.
bengaLuuriginta kalkatta doDDa nagara.
3.2 Definitive, permissive and prohibitive forms of the verbs
also introduced.
definitive forms are obtained by adding 'beeku' 'beeDa', to
the main verbs. 'beeDa', is added to only second person.
Wheas 'beeku', can be added to all persons.
niinu ivattu uurige hooga beeDa Dont go to home
town today
niivu namma manege bara beeDi (You pl/hon.)
don't come to
our house
naanu bahaLa beega hoogabeku I have to go
soon
niinu aa pustaka ooda beeku You have to read
that book
avanu hattu ruupayi koDa beeku He has to give
ten rupees.
permissive forms of the verbs are obtained by adding -
bahudu to the main verbs. Although this is called
perrmissive, it can also denotes probability.
niinu nanna jate barabahudu You may come
with me
naanu sanje ninage sigabahadu I may meet you
in the evening.
avanu naaLe barabahudu He may come
tomorrow.
There are two prohibitive forms viz., - baaradu, and
kuuDadu, The later one is used as strong prohibition.
adkhikaarigaLu lanca tegedukoLLa baaradu
Officers should not take bribe
makkaLu sigareeT seeda kuuDadu
Children shouldn't smoke
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the suitable words :
+.l.l c:.: tcc:.: .cr ...... ./c/-.
+.l.! c.. .: ............ r./.:.
+.l.1 ......... .:..:c .:.. .c/-rc/ r./..t..
+.l.+ .t ... .......... r./....
4.2 Combine the following sentences using the comparitive
marker :
+.!.l .c/-rc. r .~
.rc. .t .~
+.!.! c:./ :. =
.t~/ .c. =
+.!.1 = .t .-c...
: .t t..
+.!.+ t.. .cc
... :.c.: .cc
..t:., ../, c..:~, .:/=, r.., t..
4.4.1 Mysore is smaller than Bangalore
4.4.2 Train journey is more comfortable than bus journey
4.4.3 She is taller than me
4.4.4 You may go now
4.4.5 Please, don't talk to me
4.4.6 I have to go to Delhi next week
4.4.7 You should not smoke
4.4.8 He shouldn't do that work
+..l . :.: :. /c./ t.t r./..t: ;
+..! . ..^c: . t .. ..:^c..: ;
+..1 .^c: . :. ; :c^... .:c:.: ;
+..+ . ..c... /c.. .tr: ;
5. Vocabulary
-- ./c/-. 'twin cities'
:..= 'fare'
: 'late'
c..:~ 'journey'
../ 'early/quickly'
.:/= 'route/via'
.:c 'tall'
t. 'to learn'
/.c:. 'rose'
r.:. 'smoking'
c..=::. 'brave person'
t 'party'
.c... 'to scold'
.cc 'beautiful (N)'
.cc 'beautiful women'
.c./ 'crysanthemum'
r 'flower'
o - 12
1. Dialogue :
.c.: ..r.c, t~./ t. When is the Kannada
c.t c..::/ ; examination for
Manohar and Kannan ?
c..: ..c:. .c/-. Next month
.c.: = :c.:. : Will they get through
.::c: ; this time atleast ?
c..: :. .::cr. /r.. No idea as to what they
will do
.c.: -c/ .::.:r.., Do they know to speak
.cc.r.. .:^ .c.:: ; and write well ?
c..: ..r.c/ .:::r.t Manohar knows well to
.:^ .c:. .cc.r.t speak. He doesn't know
.c. to write.
.c.: -.. t. t.c.r.t He goes for tuition to
.r./ r./:. learn kannada
c..: r./:. - He goes, that is all
.c.: t~. ; Kannan ?
c..: -.. .cc..... :c He can write, but can't
.:::c:c speak
.c.: .. .cc.r.. -.: One has to practise to
.:..t.. :.r. write. The other has to
.:::r.. -.: practise to speak. By
.:..t.. -. doing that they can get
.:r.cc c.tc... through.
::/..c.
c..: -.. t~. Yes. kannan has no
::/r.c. -...:. doubt of passing the
:.. ..r.c. examination. Only
-...:. Manohar has doubts
.c.: c..:t ; -.. cc..:^ Why doesn't he try
c..:.: ; properly ?
c..: .. -. :rcc He soesn't. That is the
problem
.c.: -/ .-..t.. He should be told
c..: -c: .-r... -/. These things can't be
-;= :/..t. told. He must under
stand it himself.
2. Pattern drill :
!.l ../ t; t.-r.. :. I like listening to stories
../c/ ..:: .-r.. It is easy to advise
... youngsters
.. . .c. t..c.... It is unhealthy to drink
-.:cr./ water in the middle of a
meal
Lesson 12/99
... .cc.r.. .:.. I should see what you
.r...t. write
--. .:::r.. c..:c. Who will listen to her
t.-:c ; talk ?
t. t.c.r.cc c:. : There is advantage in
learning Kannada
t. .: .r.cc One gets headache by
:c.r. .c.: seeing bad films
-c. .. .:r.t They go to hotel to eat
r.../ r./:c meals
--. ./- :.t She is ready to quarrel
:c..:c.
.:c-/ r./.c. : There will be a delay
:/.: in going to the bank
-.. .:.c .c There is no doubt about
:c.c. -...:. :. his bringing sweaters
from Delhi
.c.: t. .::.:.c (Rhetorical question
..c :.... ; implying) In speaking
kannada he is nothing
when compared to
Suresh
!.! : .c. t..c.r.. That water is not fit to
drink
.c;c. -c; .t Persons like you should
:r... not read such books.
-c. :c; t. .:r.. They shouldn't do such
a thing.
!.1 .:.. .c. -cr.....c : I can run a kilometer
.c
.: .c: .:^ .cc...c We can write Hindi well
... :. :. ...cc..: ; Can you eat ten idlis ?
. .-/ :c. /c./ Can you come at six o'
.c..c: ; clock in the morning ?
c..: .:^ :.. Ramesh can sing well
t.. c.tc... c:ct Kamala can get a rank
.c..-. in the examination
-c. .:^ /c:. .:..c. They can make a lot of
noise
= r.c .- .= This scooter can give
tr... service
.. ./-. . :... Hybrid cows can give
tr.. more milk
!.+ .:.. :. c:. ..c:c I can't eat ten laddus
... -c/ :.c cr::. Can't you give them a
trc:cc..: ; thousand rupees ?
: .t :.c.: :. That news paper can't
.-c..c:c. last very long
!. -.. t. .::.:.t He struggles a lot to
:.c.: t.::. speak Kannada
good
.c. :.c.: ..:.::c Poor people suffer a lot
:..c:c. .- .: .::c The rich enjoy
themselves a lot
3.1 Gerundial or verbal nouns are obtained by adding
'vudu/oodu' to the verbs. It is equivalent to - ing in
English. It functions as noun as well as adjective.
tinnuvudu / tinnoodu 'eating'
maaDuvudu / maaDoodu 'doing'
After the verbs are transformed into nouns by adding
'vudu / oodu'. the case markers can be added.
cennaagi uuTa maaDuvudannu kali
Learn to eat well
JagaLa maaDuvudarida kelsa aagutte
The work will be get done by quarrelling
kaafi kuDiyuvudakke hooTelige hoogi
Go to hotel to drik coffee
nritya nooDuvudaralli nanage aasakti illa
I have no interest in seeing the dance
Note that - alu can be substituted for the dative case
marker in verbal noun construction
avanu' kaafi kuDiyalu hooTelige hoogtaane
He goes to hotel to drink coffee
The negative verbal noun is obtained by the addition of
'alla' to the verbal noun, and it is used only as a part of
predicate.
keeLoodalla 'not to be listened'
maaDoodalla 'not to be done'
Verbal noun with comparative marker - inta gives the
meaning 'instead' or 'rather than'
aa sinima nooDoodakkinta summaniroodu oLLeyadu
'Instead of seeing that film, it is better to be quiet'.
3.2 bal - and aar - are the positive and negative potential
markers respectively.
After adding these markers to personal markers, they are
used in the compound construction with the infinitive
form of the main verbs.
tinna - bal - e = tinnaballe 'I can eat'
tinna - laar - e = tinnalaare 'I can't eat'
Note how they are used with all personal nouns.
naanu maaDaballe naavu maDaballevu
maaDalaare maaDalaarevu
niinu maaDaballe niivu maaDaballiri
maaDalaare maaDalaariri
avanu maaDaballa
maaDalaara
avaLu maaDaballaLu avaru maaDaballaru
maaDalaaraLu maaDalaararu
adu maaDaballadu avu maaDaballavu
maaDalaaradu maaDalaaravu
'balla' is also has another meaning 'to know' in
independent position.
3.3 - inda in Kannada is instrumental as well as ablative case.
Although - inda is a homophonus form.
functionally it maintains the distinction. Observe the
following sentences.
avanu pennininda bariitaane
'He writes with pen'
avanu aafisige haasTelininda bartaane
'He comes from hostel to office'
In the above sentences, first one is instrumental and the
second one is ablative.
Instrumental denotes the accomplishment of the action
with an instrument.
Ablative denotes the source from which action began.
3.4 paDu 'to feel' is used with nouns like kashTa, sukha,
dukha, santoosha etc. (nouns expressing feelings.) , thus
getting the compound verbs like, kashTapaDu, sukha
paDu. dukha paDu
4. Exercise :
+.l.l .rc/ ............. .. /.:: ;
+.l.! -.. :.: ........... .rc/ .c:.
+.l.1 -c .. :./ .- ...........
+.l.+ c.tc... c:ct :/.tr-.t ......... ..t..
4.2 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the words
+.!.l --. .......... c..:c. t.-... ; (:.)
+.!.! -c .::. .......... t (t.-.)
+.!.1 : .: ......... r./..t. (.r..)
+.!.+ : .c. ........ (t..)
4.3 Transform into negative sentences :
+.1.l -c. : t. .:..c.
+.1.! . =/ ../ r./..t: ;
+.1.+ --. : .: .r.....
+.1.+ .t-. /c.. .....
+.1. : ~. ..r..
4.4 Combine the following and use them is your own
sentences :
+.+.l .c + -.. = ..........
t:c. + -.. = ..........
.:.. + -.. = ..........
-:tc. + -.. = ..........
+.+.! .. + :c = ..........
.c + :c = ..........
.c. + :c = ..........
..: + :c = ..........
+.+.1 .rc. + dative case = ..........
-.. + dative case = ..........
.. + dative case = ..........
-. + dative case = ..........
.::. + dative case = ..........
+.+.+ . + -. = ..........
t; + -. = ..........
t:. + -. = ..........
:. + -. = ..........
+. Transform the following verbs into Gerundial forms. Add
all the case markers and use them in your own sentences :
.:., t.-., /., .c.
4.6.1 Savita can drink ten cups of coffee
4.6.2 Who asked you to come here ?
4.6.3 He cannot do that work
4.6.4 Can you sing a song ?
4.6.5 He is going to the hotel to eat a meal
4.6.6 One should not speak like that
4.7 Answer the following questions :
4.7.1 . t:: t..c..... .c:cc: ;
+..! ./ t. .cc...t ; .::.:.t .c.:: ;
+..1 . :.:cr .-c.. t. .:..c: ;
+.+.+ . :.: :. .. :..c: ;
5. Vocabulary :
-;= :/. 'to understand'
-...:. 'doubt'
= :c 'this time'
:rcc 'trouble'
c..:. 'to try'
.:::. 'to speak'
-.:cr./ 'ill health'
.- 'to remain / to stay'
.. 'meals'
:. 'to read'
:. 'to run'
t. 'suffer / try hard'
/c:. 'noise '
./- 'quarrel'
:c .r. 'head ache'
..:. 'suffer'
.c. 'water'
.t 'paper/magazine'
..:: 'advice'
. 'middle / centre'
c:. 'advantage / profit'
.. . 'hybrid cow'
.: . 'enjoy'
... 'easy'
:. 'song/sing'
:.. 'milk'
.-. 'to say'
o - 13
1. Dialogue :
..r.c .rc. c: =/.r Is Mysore Dasara still
:cc... :c..: ; celebrated ?
c..: -., =/ .:.:^ Yes. It is now celebrated
:c:c as a state festival
..r.c c..:c. :c:c ; Who celebrates it ?
c..: t.:=.t t:=cc. The karanataka goven-
::. :c:c ment celebrates it
..r.c .rc. c:.c:c. Don't the descendents of
:cc: ; the Mysore king
celebrate it ?
c..: -c. :. ..c... They celebrate it at
:c:c. - home. That is all
..r.c t:=cc. .. :. For how many days
:c:c ; government celebrates it ?
c..: .c.:. :. :c:c They celebrate if for
nine days
..r.c .c.:. :. :.. What do they do for
.::c ; nine days ?
c..: -c..c... :.: c^.: They arrange musical
t.c :=.:c. = concerts daily in the
t.c/ palace. They invite
c^.:/:c tc:c. famous musicians to
c: -.r.: .:c these concerts. They
conduct Dasara sports.
..r.c . :=.:.r :c.: ; Will there be an
exhibition too ?
c..: -.. . :=. Yes. The exhibition is
c: .c. ..: one of the main
:t=. r... attractions of Dasara.
:.:.. -. It will be inaugurated
.:.:c. on the first day itself.
..r.c -c../ :.:.ct:c Will there be illumination
:c.:: ; of the place ?
c..: :c:. -c..c.... Yes. They decorate the
..:./-c palace with electric
-.ctc:c. ./c lights. The main streets
..: ..:/-.. of the city are also
..:./-c decorated with electric
-.ctc:c lights.
..r.c c: ..: :t= What is the main
c..:. ; attraction of Dasara ?
c..: .c.r:c. ..c..:.. The elephant parade
:. .c~/ The procession of the
Vijayadashami day ?
..r.c ::. :.. .::c ; What do they do on that
day ?
c..: ::. ....:cc.... They worship
r.:c. :..c -. Bhuvaneswari on that
:. ..c .c~/ day. Afterwards it (the
.::c. .c~/c... idol) is taken on
..c ..c .cc.. . elephant back in
.:./-. :c.:. procession. The
specialities of different
districts will also be there
in the procession.
..r.c .c~/ ../ r./.: ; Where does the
procession go ?
c..: -. . .c.t It goes to the
r./.:. -. c: Bannimantap. There will
.:=c. c. be a torch light parade
:c.:. -. .:=/-. in the evening. Students,
r....c., r.c Police, Homegaurds
/:=/-. .. provide entertainment
..cc:. .:c there.
..r.c .:.r .c. :c I should also see it once
.r...t.
2. Pattern drill :
!.l t.:=.t. ./:: . The Ugadi festival is
:c:c. celebrated in Karnataka
.:.- ..c The statue of Ambedkar
-c..c .. will be erected in front
.:::c of Vidhana Soudha
-c..c.... ..:./-c The palace will be
-.ctc:c illuminated with electric
bulbs.
.:.. :.: c:. t.c. Every night I talk in
dream
.: :c^.:c t.t We translate from
.::c:c... English to Kannada
-c. c..c.r.. ::. They will interview a
.: ..c.... c:=.::c film actress on the radio
today.
!.! c:.c: c^.: t.:c Rama Rao teaches music
:::. ./../ :.. t..:- Mother feeds milk
to the baby
.: -c : .-.. We will make him to
utter the truth
-c. ../ r t:c. They will show us a new
:r.c:c car
-c. /rc:/-c .... They will have beaten
r:c me by hoodlums
c.: :. :c^c.. :c .:.:- Rama will get her
younger sisters hair
combed.
!.1 :::. ./../ cr..:.c Mother gets the baby
:.. t..:- fed with milk by
sarojini
.:.. .. ..:/ .. I will have my friend
:.c .c/-rc. shown round Bangalore
:r.c. by my younger brother.
!.+ :: c..:c. ; Who are you (extra hon)?
!.+ :. c. :.. ; What is your Name ?
(May I know your
name?)
!. -.. :. t. ::.. .::. He does his work himself
t:=cc. ::. c: The government itself
:c:c celebrates Dasara
!.: t.:=.t. ./:: . Ugadi festival is celeb-
:c .:c rated in Karnataka
-c. :.: .cr: .::c He worships God daily.
t.. .... -..tc .::- Kamala imitates me
3.1 - isu in kannada has two functions. (1) as verbaliser. (2) as
causative. It functions as verbaliser when added to
borrowed nouns and as a causative, when added to native
verbs.
3.2 The function of verbaliser is to change a noun into a verb.
By adding __ isu to the loan words from Sanskrit and Urdu,
verbs can be derived. This is now being extended to the
nouns borrowed from English also.
Sanskrit nouns :
priiti + isu = priitisu 'to love'
dukha + isu = dukhisu 'go grieve'
anveeshaNe + isu = anveeshisu 'to search'
aacaraNe + isu = aacarisu 'to celebrate'
alankaara + isu = alankarisu 'to decorate'
SooshaNe + isu = Sooshisu 'to exploit'
eerpaaDu + isu = eerpaDisu 'to arrange'
Urdu nouns :
jamaavaNe + isu = jamaayisu 'to muster'
cunaavaNe + isu = cunaayisu 'to elect'
English Nouns :
foon + isu = foonisu
Tayp + isu = Taypisu
Note that the above mouns can also be changed into verbs by
compounding them with 'maaDu'
Priiti maaDu
alankaara maaDu
eerpaadu maaDu
jamaavane maaDu
cunaavane maaDu
foon maaDu
3.1.2 The causative denotes the action performed through an
agent. Causative can be derived from both transitive and
intransitive verbs.
The transitive verb is the one which takes an object and
the intransitive does not.
naanu avaninda aa kelasa maaDistiini
'I will get that work done by him'
avaLu avaninda kaagada bareyistaaLe
'She gets the letter written by him'
In the above sentences isu is added to the verbs maaDu and bare.
Both of these verbs are transitive verbs. They take objects
'kelasa' and 'kaagada' respectively
naanu ooDtiini 'I run'
naanu malgtiini 'I sleep'
In the above sentences 'ooDu' and 'malagu' are intintransitive
verbs. They do not take objects. However by adding - isu they
can be converted into transitive.
naanu avanannu ooDistiini
'I make him run'
avaLu maguvaanu malagistaaLe
'she puts the baby to sleep'
Here ooDu and malagu are added to - isu and becomes transitive
verbs. Some of the transitive verbs have an inherent -isu. They
also take - isu and form the causative meaning.
naanu avarige karnaaTaka tooristiini . (Transitive)
I show them KarnaTaka (myself)
naanu avarige KarnaaTaka toorsistiini (causative)
I get some one to show them round karnaTaka
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using suitable words.
4.1.1 c: ..: :t= .......
+.l.! ..c..:..c.. :. ....:cc.. ........ .::c
+.l.1 c .c... .......... :=.:c
+.l.+ =/ c: ........ :c:c
+.l. -c..c.... ........... -.ctc:c.
4.2 Transform the following sentences into verbaliser
4.2.1 -.. :..^c t.t .::c:c .::.
+.!.! ..c: :.: .c.. r: .::-.
+.!.1 .:=. -..::. ..... -..tc .::.
+.!.+ c. .:. tc: ..rc.r.c. :.. .::c
+.!. -.. .:^ .: .::..
4.3 Fill in the blanks using the correct form of the verbs given in
the bracket
4.3.1 :::. ./../ :.. ......... (t..)
+.1.! -:tc. .:=/-/ t. .............. (t.)
+.1.1 -c. .:.c :ct:c ........... (:c.)
+.1.+ c..: ../ .rc. .............. (:r.c.)
+.1. -c. -c : ................ (.-.)
4.4.1 =/ .rc. c: c..:c. :c:c ; ./ :c:c ;
+.+.! c: .. :. :c:c ;
+.+.1 c .c... :.. t:c..=t. :c.: ;
+.+. c ..: :t= :.. ;
+.+. ..c.. :.. t:c..=t. :c.: ;
5. Vocabulary
-c.. 'palace'
:c 'celebration'
:t= 'attraction'
.:.. 'inauguration'
::=. 'arrangement'
-.r.: 'sports festival'
.c.r:c 'elephant parade'
:.:.ct:c 'illumination'
.:. 'state festival'
r.. 'to worship'
..cc.. 'entertainment'
.c~/ 'procession'
c:. 'king'
c: 'family'
. :=. 'exhibition'
..:. 'electric bulb'
c^.:/:cc. 'musicians'
c^.: t.c 'music concert'
-..tc 'imitation'
t.c. 'to talk in dreams'
t.. 'to teach'
:c.:. 'comb the hair'
:r.c. 'to show'
.. 'statue'
.:. 'install'
.::c:c 'translation'
: 'truth'
c:=. 'to intervies'
r 'to beat'
o - 14
1. Dialogue :
..r.c .c/-rc/ c..::/ When did you come to
.c ; Bangalore ?
.:. . c: .c I came yesterday evening
..r.c .. /c./ .c ; At what time did you
come ?
.:. c: :-. /c./ .c I came at seven o' clock
in the morning
..r.c c..:t -. : ; Why were you so late ?
.:. ... ::^ .c:. The train came late
..r.c ..r... .cc..: ; Did you come alone ?
.:. :. .. :r: .. :c^ No. My younger sister
.c-.. came with me
..r.c . :. .c.c: ; Didn't your younger
brother come ?
.:. .c... -.. .. He didn't. He went with
-~. :r: .:/ my elder brother to
r. Madras
..r.c . :::...r r.c:; Did your mother also go ?
.:. :.. -c. r./.. No. She didn't go. Next
-c. ..c:. :c week she is coming here.
:./ .c:c.
..r.c .:, .c. ... Come, have tiffin
.:. ... :/c. .c. .c No. I have had it already
..r.c t::..:cr t.. .: Come. at least have
coffee
.:. t::..r t... :cr I had coffee also. All
. tr. right, given me a little
..r.c =/ /c. .. ; What is the time now ?
.:. =/ .rc. /c. Now it is eleven o' clock
c..:t .c. :. c... ; Why breakfast is so late ?
..r.c ::. ::^ . Today I got up late. It is
.:..:c .r.. sunday, you see
.:. c, ../ .c. ... All right eat soon. Let
c..:. ../ us go to Ramesh's
r./r.~ house.
1.1 Dialogue :
.c.: . t. .. t..c ; Where did you learn
Kannada ?
..r.c .rc.. t.: I learnt it in Mysore
.c.: -. .. t..c ; Where did you learn it
there ?
..r.c -. -~ :c..c.. I learnt it in the southern
.:: t.c. t.: Regional Language
Centre there.
.c.: c..: = t..c ; In which year did you
learn it ?
..r.c :.c .c..rc: I learnt it in 1980
.c.:c. t.:.
2. Pattern drill :
!.l .:.. .-/ .c.. /c./ . I got up in the morning
at eight
.: .cc . .c We came from our home
town yesterday
... t:: t..c..: ; Did you drink coffee ?
. : .t :c:c: ; Did you bring that book ?
c:.. ./../ r Raju beat the child
c:~ -.- :/-. Rani opened the windows
-c. .... tcc. They called me
. ... .c The cow ate the grass
tc./-. :.. t.. The calves drank the milk
!.! .:c. .....:cc. Zamindars killed coolies
tr.c..c.. trcc. in Bihar
.:c: -t... /::. India won the cricket
-:tc. .:=/-.. The teachers scolded the
.c.. students.
-c. .c. : .cc.. He/she wrote a letter.
.:.. .:. c. c: .c. Ravi and I walked a
-cr....c .. kilometer in the evening
t-c. -c~. .c t.c. Thieves cut the trees in
the forest.
-c. = :c . t.. They grew more sugar
.-c.. cane this time.
..^ :cc... .-. The girl fell on the road
-/ .. ./. The washerman washed
the clothes.
-.-t:cc. t:.r.. ..cc. The agitators broke the
law.
./. /~ :.-:.:.. The child stepped on
cow dung.
.:.. ./ :.c.: r:. t: I waited a long time for
the bus
. -c. .c/-rc.. :c. He/she was in Bangalore
yesterday
--. :. -cc..=:c She fascinated him with
-... --. her beauty
!.1 :.. :.. r.:-.. Sheela lost in the game
/:c:.. ct:c .r:c.. Gandhiji spun with a
spinning wheel.
t= .cc:. .rc:c. Hundreds of people died
.. :c. in the circus tragedy.
. ./ : .c.... .c.c; How did you forget that
-... --. her beauty
./. r -.:. The child plucked the
flower
. c^.: .. t..c ; Where did you learn
music ?
/c. ./. :-. Padma gave birth to a
male child
c:c. r. .:c. Peasants ploughed the
field.
2.4 .t-. :r.c:^ -:. Children cried loudly
-c. :.:^ t:: t..c. They drank coffee
slowly.
--. r.c.. ./:^ She went fast on the
r.-.. scooter.
!. .:c: :-c... :-:. ..c India didn't win against
/.... pakistan in hockey.
.. .:/ ..-.. The bus didn't fall into
the river
t ..c..c. /.c:. r The neighbours didn't
-.-.. pluck the roses.
.. :c ../ t:/ .cc.... My father didn't write
to me a letter
= .:. .c c..:cr No body died out of
:c.... hunger in this country.
3.1 Past tense markers are introduced in this lesson. There are
many past tense markers in Kannada. Among them -d -
and -t are introduced in this lesson. There is no
conditioning to specify which verb takes -d- and -t - as past
marker. A list of verbs are given to facilitate the learner.
Ther structure of the past construction is,
verb root + personal termination.
The personal termination of the pronouns are given below
with verb root tinnu
person singular plural
First naanu tin-d-e (nu) naavu tin-d-evu
Second niinu tin-d-e niivu tin-d-iri
Third. Mas. avanu tin-d-a (nu) avaru tin-d-aru
Human Fem. avaLu tin-d-aLu
Neuter adu-tin-tu avu tin-d-avu
tin-d-itu
Third person neut. sg. has two personal terminations
namely -tu and -itu. -tu will be directly added to the verb
root. -itu is added with past tense.
The list of a few verbs with take - d - as past tense.
r./. 'to go' r.
... 'to eat' .c
t.. 'to drink' t..
.- 'to pull' .-
t- 'to subtract' t-
:.- 'to push down' :.-
..c 'to break' ..c
.- 'to grow' .-
./ 'to wash' ./
t. 'to cut' t.
. 'to walk' .
.c 'to write' .c
trc... 'to reap' trc..
t:c... 'to wait' t:c..;t:
..-. 'to fall' .
.: 'to come' .c
:: 'to bring' :c
:/ 'to open' :/
tc 'to call' tc
tr.. 'to kill' trc
:-. 'to get up' .
:c. 'to be' :
/.. 'to win' /
-.. 'to say' -c
r 'to beat' r
:r- 'to wash' :r-
The list of a few verbs which take - t - as past tense.
r... 'to be defeated' r.:
-.-. 'to pluck' -:
t. 'to learn' t.:
:-. 'to weep' -:
:c... 'to die' :
c. 'to give birth' :
(Human)
.-. 'to plough' .:
.r.. 'to weave' .r:
.c 'to forget' .c:
Note the changes in some of the verbs, when -d- past-tense
is added.
kollu + d + e = konde
bayyu + d + e = bayde
eeLu + d + e = edde
gellu + d + e = gedde
biiLu + d + e = bidde
kaayu + d + e = kaayde/kaade
hoogu + d + e = hoode
- t - past tense :
kiiLu + t + e = kitte
saaytu + t + e = satte
soolu + t + e = soote
heru + t + e = hette
3.1.2 Past negation is obtained by adding -illa to the verb root.
-al an infinitive suffix will be added to verb root before it
takes illa.
tinnu + al + illa = tinnalilla
There is no Person, gender distinction. Negation is same
for all persons and genders.
3.3 -ee is an emphatic marker. This is used to give emphasis
on the intended category.
idee liDoo Taakiis
'This is Lido Talkies
naanu aagalee tiNdi tinde
'I have already taken tiffin'
3.4 Adverb can be derived by adding aagi to adjectives or
nouns. When the adjective is a qualitative or a
quantitative adjective aagi is added to their predicative
forms.
keTTadaagi, hosadaagi, doDDadaagi
With other nouns and adjectives aagi is added to their
base forms :
tadavaagi, kempaagi, cennagi
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the past tense forms of the verbs
+.l.l -c. . .cc ............. (.:)
+.l.! :. c.tc... .:^ ............... (.c)
+.l.1 --. .c. ~. ./ ................ (c.)
+.l.+ ./. c:. .rc. /c./ ............. (:-.)
+.l. .:.. ./:^ :.c.: r:. ............ (t:c...)
+.l.: -c. :.. ............... (r...)
+.l. c.. -::. :. .. .............. (:c...)
+.l. .: . .c/-rc.. ................. (:c.)
4.2 Transform into past :
+.!.l .. :.. t..c...::.
+.!.! ./. :cc... ..-.:.
+.!.1 t.. c^.: t.c...::-.
+.!.+ --. -... .cc...::-
+.!. c:. c:~... tr..::..
4.3 Transform into non-past :
+.1.l /c. ./. :-.
+.1.! c:c. r. .:c.
+.1.1 c:~ -.- :/-.
+.1.+ . : .t :c:c: ;
+.1. .:.. .. ./.
4.4 Transform into negative :
+.+.l .:.. .-/ :c. /c./ .
+.+.! :-. /c./ t:: t...
+.+.1 .: t. .:^ .:::r.. t.:
+.+.+ .:.. : .c.. .c:
+.+. :c .... .c..
4.5.1 I wrote a letter to my friend
4.5.2 We walked three miles yesterday
4.5.3 She wept for half an hour.
4.5.4 He died of heart attack
4.5.4 He called me a fool.
-c~ 'forest'
:. 'game'
t.. 'sugarcane'
t-c. 'thieves'
t:/ 'paper'
t:.r.. 'law'
-.- 'window'
tr. 'coolie'
ct 'spinning wheel'
-.-/:cc. 'agitators'
.....:c 'zamindar'/'landlord'
.cc: 'tragedy'
.: 'river'
: 'letter'
c:c. 'peasants'
.c.. 'thing/matter'
/~ 'cowdung'
- 'to fascinate'
-cc..= 'beauty'
'bunger'
... 'grass'
r. 'field'
o - 15
1. Dialogue :
c:.. ./ . r.. t.: ; Did you meet Mohan
yesterday ?
c:.. :.. /... ./ t.: ; No. He didn't Did you
meet him ?
c:.. -.. .c... t Yes. I met him in the city.
... .r.r.t r.^. He told me that he was
-c: -c. going to see you
c:.. :.. . .c... :.. No. He didn't come yester
.::c ; day. What is the matter ?
c:.. -.. t. ...c: He said that he left the job
c:.. c..:t ; Why ?
c:.. -c :c .c.. ...... It seems his father bought
trccc:. -t land at his place. That is
why.
c:.. :.. ...... ; What land ?
c:.. :c^. :r... :.. -c A coconut plantation. It
...:c .::.c: appears he will look after
that.
c:.. .. .tc ; How many acres ?
c:.. :. .tc Ten acres
c:.. .. tr.c. ; How much did they pay ?
c:.. .c. .t tr.c. -c He said that they paid one
lakh
c:.. c:^.. t.. .c... Not bad. It isn't a big
price
1.1 Dialogue :
-c.c . .-/ .. /c. Till what time did you
:.t :. :.:c ; play yesterday morning ?
..r.: :. /c. :.t :. We played till ten o' clock
-c.c c..:c. /c. ; Who won ?
..r.: -c. /c., .: They won, we lost
r.:
-c.c :..c :.. .:.:c ; What did you do
:..c. ::c: ; afterwards ? Were you in
the hostel ?
..r.: : ..c :. .:.. Afterwards I took bath.
..:c. .c. /c./ Around one o' clock I ate
.. .:.. .c. meal. I slept from two o'
/c.:.c .:.. clock until four.
/c.c/ .:..
-c.c ./ r./..: ; Didn't you go to the city ?
..r.: :. /c./ r. I went at five o' clock.
-c.c c..:c. c..:c. r.:c ; Who all went ?
..r.: .:.. c..: r. Ramesh and I went
-c.c c..::cr .: Did you see any movie ?
.r..:c: ;
..r.: :.. c..: .:.r No. Wandered here and
.r.... .c.. /c./ there till eight o' clock. We
-. :. .::. had coffee in Kamath. We
t:.:.. t:: t... returned at nine o' clock.
.c.:. /c./ :
.c.
2. Pattern drill
!.l r../ t. -:. Mohan got a job.
c:.. ../ :cc... t I met Raju on the way
../c. t:.. .tc. The boys laughed in the
class.
= .c/- c.-. :. Ten rupees remained out of
cr::. ..-:.. this month's salary.
t-c. .. rtc.. Thieves entered the house
2.2 t..:c ../ :. cr::. Kumar gave me ten rupees
tr.
/rc:/-. :::~ Hoodlums burnt the
.tc.... ..c. prajavani newspaper.
-.. t. ../c He was spoiled in the
::c t. company of bad boys.
.:.. .:./ ..c.... .. I left the rented house.
. ~.. .:c-.. Did you keep the money in
:.c: ; the bank ?
.. ..: r .c ..-.. My friend (fem). put on a
new saree.
.. :. /c./ rc.:.. Bus started at ten o' clock.
. ..c.. ..c .. How many coconut plants
:c^. ^ ..c ; did you plant in front of
your house ?
.:.. ~. t.:.. The mango fruit was spoilt.
.t-. . :. r .. Children put on new clothes
:r.c.. on the festive day.
!.1 c:.c:c..c. r .. Rama Rao bought a new
trcc.. house.
:-./-. c:^ .. .cc.. Servants ate ragi balls.
.:.. :cc... .c. : I saw a snake on the way.
tc
!.+ -.. r. .:/.c: He didn't laugh himself to
./... death
-c. ../ ...:. They didn't give me the
tr.. prize.
.: .c..t cc..:^ We didn't start on time.
rc...
c:^~ r .c tr-... Ragini didn't buy a new
saree
../ rc..= /~ t:~... The solar eclipse was not
visible to me
!. .:.. -./ .:.tr-. I cook for myself.
-.. :. .. ::.. He washes his own
./.tr-:.. clothes.
..c :c .:.tr-:-. Vimala combs her hair
-c. :. .:.trcc.. He took a bath
-.. ::: .:.trc He committed suicide.
!.: c:.. .:- .c/-rc/ Ramu said that he will go
r.^. -c: -c to Bangalore tomorrow.
c.t :.. t.. -c: .. My father gave me money
:c ~ tr.c. asking me to pay the
examination fee
-/ .c:. .r...t. He desires to see Brindavan
-c: :
!. ..: .c./-. .:- ./ It seems the chief minister
r./:cc: goes to Delhi tomorrow.
.:. - .: ... It seems they are putting
:-:cc: up a fence around Vidhana
Soudha
.:- .. .: .c/ It seems my brother-in-law
.c:cc:. will come to town
tomorrow.
!. .:: /:c:.c..c. .:c: Mahatma Gandhi fought
::c:t r.c:.c.. for the freedom of India.
.ccc:c. .c/ Purandaradasa gave away
::c..= :. .:.c.. his wealth as charity to the
poor
t:/-. :.c.: :r.c:^ The donkeys ran very fast.
:..
.:.:cc.. tc:.:/c Visweswaraiah constructed
t.c.. Krishana Raja Sagar.
.:.. -.- ... I closed the window.
..:: t r t:=c The Janatha party formed
c.:.. a new Government.
. . .. /c./ At what time did you sleep
..^:c ; Yesterday ?
. :..= .. r.:c ; Where did you have your
shirt made ?
... . ... :c :: ; Which lesson did you read
yesterday ?
-.. . .. /c.. How many cigarates did
.: ; he smoke yesterday ?
.:.. t; .-, -c. I narrated a story, they
t.-c.. listened.
!. ../c. :.. :c The boys didn't read the
:... tenth lesson.
--. -... .c... She didn't believe him.
:t:=c. ..: .c./ : The journalists didn't put
t.-... questions to the Chief
Minister.
.: :. -. .::... We din't roam here and
there.
Past tense -k - ; - T - ; - D - ; and -idare introduced here.
Unlike the past tense markers introduced in the previous
lessons these past tense markers are conditioned in the
following manner.
3.1 Verbs with cvc syllabic pattern, where the last consonant
is -g- (e.g. n + a + g) take -k- as past - tense. Please note
that 'c' stands for consonant and 'v' stands for short vowel.
The final vowel - u doesn't have any value.
Sig (u) + k + a = sikka 'he met (some one)'
nag (u) + k + a = naaka. 'he laughed'
Note that when -k- is added, the last consonant -g- is
assimilated with -k- resulting in -kk-
3.2 Verbs with (c) vc syllabic pattern, where the last
consonant is D (e.g. i + D; k + e + D) take -T- as pasttense.
biD (u) + T + e = bitte 'I left'
iD (u) + T + e = itte 'I kept'
-D- is assimilated with -T- when added.
Although 'horaDu' doesn't have the same syllabic
structure as the above words, its past tense form is
however is 'horaTe'
3.3 There are only three verbs which take -D- as past tense
mark. They are.
kaaN(u) + D + e = kaNDe 'I saw'
uNN(u) + D + e = uNDe 'I ate (meals)'
koLLu koN/- D koN +D + e= koNDe.
'I bought'
Notice the change form L to N in koLLu
koLLu as a main verb means 'to buy'. This will also be used
as an auxillary verb in refiexive construction. Refiexive
indicates that the benefactor of the action of the verb is the
performer himself. This is obtained by adding koLLu to
the verbal prticiple of the main verb.
avanu baTTe ogedu koLtaane
'he washes his clothes'
avaLu aDige maaDikoLtaaLe'
'She cooks for herself'
3.4 -id- past tense takes three categories of verbs.
3.4.1 (c) V V syllabic pattern
keeLu (u) + id + e = keeLide 'I asked/listened'
aaD (u) + id + e = aaDide 'I played'
Note that VV stands for long vowel
3.4.2 CVCC syllabic pattern
hatt (u) + id + e = hattide 'I climbed'
mucc(u) + id + e = muccide 'I closed'
namb(u) = id + e = nambide 'I believed'
3.4.3 Multi syllabic
The verbs with more than two syllables. Causatives also
come under this category.
toorisu + id + e = tooriside 'I showed'
malagu + id + e = malagide 'I slept'
maataaDu + id + e = maataDide 'I spoke'
The verbs referred under the earlier past tense markers are
exceptions to this rule as well.
3.5 anta is used in the construction of indirect speech. It
occurs immediately after the reported clause.
avanu bengaLuurige hoogtiini anta heeLida
'He said that he is going to Bangalore'
3.6 ante is reportive form
apaghaatadalli nuuru jana sattarante
'It seems hundred persons died in accident'
avaru naaLe bartaarante
'It seems he is coming tomorrow'
4. Exercise :
4.1 Substitute and complete the sentence :
+.l.l t-c. .:- :r.... rtc.
:. ......................
+.l.! :..c:c. .c.. ..c..
.: ......................
+.l.1 -.. .... ..c .t :.
--. .....................
+.l.+ .:.. .. ./.trc
-c. .....................
+.l. --. :. /c./ ..^-.
.::. .....................
+.l.: .: c.t/ :.. t.
.:.. .....................
+.l. .t. :.. t..:.:.
.t./-. .....................
4.2 Transform the following sentences into past tense
+.!.l ./. --.:
+.!.! -c. :r.c:^ .:::.::c.
+.!.1 .:- c:.. ../ t.::..
+.!.+ -.. .:- .c. ..::..
+.!. .. ..c... :.c.: :.:.. ../.:.
4.3 Transform into negative
+.1.l . .- .c:.
+.1.! -c. .. .:^.. ...c..
+.1.1 tc/c ...c:c.. .:.- t.c..
+.1.+ -.. .:.t .r.....
+.1. c..: r . trc.trc.
+.1.: ../ .. :c ~ tr.c..
+.1. --. ... .t-..
+.1. .rc.. :.c.: .. c:.c. :-c..
4.4 Translate into Kannada
4.4.1 How much advance did you pay for that house ?
4.4.2 I bought two shirts in Bangalore
4.4.3 What places did you see in Karnataka ?
4.4.4 We played volleyball till 6 o' clock.
4.4.5 She narrated a story.
+..l . . c..: .: .r..:c ;
+..! . t.:=.t. c..: - .r..:c ;
+..1 .:.- c..:c. t.c. ;
5. Vocabulary
...... 'land'
/. 'to be available'
.::. 'to wander'
.t 'lakh'
::: 'suicide'
:. 'to keep'
.. 'to put on clothes' - like
saree, dhoti
.~. 'to eat meals'
::c..= 'wealth'
t.. 'to build'
t: 'donkey'
t- 'thief'
-.- 'window'
t. 'to be spoiled'
/rc:/-. 'hoodlums'
:r. 'to put on clothes'
:. 'charity'
.. 'to plant'
:t:=c. 'journalists'
...:. 'presentation'
... 'fence'
c:^ .. 'ragi balls'
t:=c 'government'
:: 'company'
::c: 'independence'
.. 'to burn'
rc..= /~ 'solar eclipse'
: 'snake'
.~. 'wound'
r. 'stomach'
o - 16
..r.: . .-/ ..
/c./ :-.c ;
r.. :c. /c./ :-..
..r.: .. :.. .:..c ;
r.. .. :-c/
r.^.. :-c/
r.^ .c. ..
..tr-.. ..
.. trc. t::
t......
..r.: .. ..tr- t::
t..c..c:;
r.. :., ../ -.:
:.. t:: t...
.c .:..
.c :: :.
.:...
..r.: :~.c.. .:.cr.
..c..
.:..cr.;
r.. . .c.. .:...
At what time do you get up in the
morning ?
I get up at six o'clock.
After getting up, what do you do?
I go for a walk. After the walk, I
brush my teeth and I drink coffee.
Don't you drink coffee without
brushing your teeth ?
No, I have no such habits. After
drinking coffee I read the news
paper. After reading the news
paper, I have my bath.
Do you take bath in cold water or
in hot water ?
I take bath in hot water .
1. Dialogue
!.l .:.. .c. .c. t::
t......
.. :c .c/-rc/
.c. ./ r./:c.
.- .c. .- .-:.:..
./. .c:c t-/ ..
.. ..c.trc.:..
-c. t. t.:. .:^
.:::.::c.
.:c: -t... r.:. :c
:^:..
c..: t:.. .t.
-:tcc .trc.
.:. :r..t rt. .:-
^ :c::..
-.. :.t .. tr..
.:.
--. ^ ... ... .c.
:--..
.:.. :. .:.trc.
.c r: .:..
After tiffin, I drink coffee.
My father will come to
Bangalore and then goes to
Delhi.
When rained and the crops grew.
The child fell from the cot and
broke its teeth.
Having learnt kannada, they
speak it well.
India lost in cricket and bowed
down its head.
Ravish laughed in the class and
got a scolding from the teacher.
A bullock broke into the garden
and ate the plantain tree.
He paid interest on the loan and
became poor.
She planted the plant and
watered it.
I took bath and worshipped
God.
Lesson 16/145
2. Pattern drill :
:..c ..
.:.trc. ::./
rc....
..r.: .c. ...;
r.. -., .:
../ r./.. .c.
:/rc. r.^..
..r.: ::./ ./
r.^.c;
r.. .. ...
r.^.. t.:.
.. / :rcc
:/.:. :/ :.r..
r.^. .
..r.: c: ../ .c.
:.. .:..c;
r.. t:: t... ..:c
:r: c.
r..... c.
r. ... .c..
/c. :.t :.:r
::.. :: ..
.:. ..^..
Afterwards I eat my meal and I
go to office.
Without eating breakfast ?
Yes I don't go home in the after
noon. I carry tiffin with me.
How do you go to office ?
By bus. Sometimes it is a
problem getting a bus. In that
case I go by auto.
What do you do in the evening
after coming home ?
I drink coffee and chat with my
friends. When I have finished
chatting, I read something or
other till eight o'clock. After
reading I have meal and go to
bed.
--. r .c trc.
trc. .c-..
!.! -c. ./ r.^ .:
.r.. .cc..
.: .:c-/ ~ t.
.c.
... /c.. .:
t...c..: ;
:c:c: /:c: .:~ t.-
.. .tc..
--. :. /c./ ..^
.c. /c./ .-..
!.1 -c. .c/-rc/ r.^
.:.- .r. .cc..
.c. -c/ .-c...
.: :c..
... :c : .:c
.cc..: ;
-.. ..^c....
.r. ../
.:trc.
!.+ .:.. t:: t..c..
::./ rc...
She bought a new saree (and
came)
They went to city and saw a
film (and came)
We paid the money at the
bank and came.
Do you cough when you
smoke cigarettes ?
People laughed listening to
India Gandhi's speech.
She slept at ten o'clock and
got up at twelve o'clock.
They went to Bangalore and
came back without seeing
Vidhana Soudha.
May God do them no good.
Did you write the answer
without reading the lesson?
He agreed to get marry
without seeing the girl.
I did not leave for the office
without drinking coffee.
Lesson 16/147
.:.. .t. :/.tr-
.:.t .r....
:tc ~ :/.tr-
: tr..
We didn't see the play without
buying the tickets.
The doctor will not give
medicne without taking money.
3. Key to learners
3.1 The past participle / verbal participle form is intro
duced in the lesson. The function of the past
participle is to show the completion of one action
and an anticipation of another one.
naanu avanannu nooDi bengaLuurige hoode.
`having seen him, i went to Bangalore.'
-u and -i are two past participle markers in
Kannada.
-u is added to the verbs which take -d-;-t-;-k-;-D-;
and -T- as past tense markers. (ref. lessons 14 & 15)
The structure is,
verb root + past tense + verbal partilciple market
tinnu + d + u = tindu.
rameeSa kalleejige bandu sinimaakke hooda.
Ramesh came to college and went to a film.
IvaLu kannaDa kalitu haaDu haaDtaaLe
She learns Kannada and sings a song.
naanu laLemane biTTu hosa manege bande.
I left the old house and came to a new house.
avanu daariyalli sikku maattaDisida.
He met me on the way and talked to me.
Lesson 16/149
ondu pustaka konDu bande.
I bought a book (and came)
-i- is added to the verbs which take
-i- is added straightaway to the verb
root. Thus the structure is,
verb root + verbal participle
maaDu + i = maaDi
naanu + peeper oodi snaana maaDide.
I read newspaper and took a bath.
avanannu nambi naanu haaLaade.
I believed him and got spoiled.
magu nidde maaDi edditu
The child slept and got up.
avanu uurige hoogi ivattu banda.
He went to his hometown and came today.
`hoogu' and àagu' through they take -d- as past
tense, they take as past participle. Thease two are
exeptions.
3.2 The verbal participle negation is -ade. It will be
added to the verb root.
naanu simimaa nooDade bande.
I came without seeing a movie.
avanu nanna maatu keeLade hooda.
He went without listening to my words.
avaLu bas caarj koDade prayaaNa maaDidaLu.
She travelled without paying the bus fare.
If the double negation is used, the positive meaning
will be obtained.
-
tense. But here
-i
id- as past
Siita hallu ujjade kaafi kudiyalla.
Sita don't drink coffee without brushing her teeth.
nannu kaagada bareyade uurige hoogalilla.
I didn't go to my hometown without writing a
letter.
3.3 The verbal participle of the verb biDu is used some
times with the past participle of the other verbs.
This is used either for emphasis or with on specifi
cation.
avanu tinDi biTTu banda.
naanu siTige hoogi biTTu baralilla.
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the verbal participle forms of the
verbs given in the brackets.
4.1.1 -.. .c. ........., t:: .........(..., t..)
4.1.2 -c. ::. .cc ........:- .c:c. (rc.)
4.1.3 : ../ .. ............r...(..)
4.1.4 -c. t. ................. .:::.c.. (t.)
4.1.5 --. : .t .................. -:-.. (:.)
4.1.6 ..:: t .:c... ...... -:t:ct .c:.. (/..)
4.1.7 c:. c:~.............:./ r.. (tr..)
4.1.8 --. -... ...............t.-.. (.c..)
4.2 Combine the following sentences using the verbal participle
marker.
4.2.1 ../c. .. tr.c..
../c. t= .r..c..
Lesson 16/151
4.2.2 .c./-. .rc/ .cc..
-c. .:~ .:.c..
4.2.3 --. :.:: :-..
--. t:c../ r.-..
4.2.4 .:.. t. .:: :.
.:.. .c. .. ::.
4.2.5 .:.. /c.. .:..
.:.. c:r. ...
4.3 Split the following sentences into smaller sentences.
4.3.1 . .c. c::/ c:. . .t:/ .t. . ..:/
.: r.:.
4.3.2 :/:.c .. .. .. t:: t... .c
::c.
4.3.3 : .: .r.. :c.r. .c. :tc .c
r.^ :: :/rc. t...
4.4 Transform the following sentences into reflexive
4.4.1 -.. .-/ .. .::..
4.4.2 -c. c: tt:.. ..: :r-.::c.
4.4.3 --. :c .::-.
4.4.4 c:.. .. .^::..
4.4.5 t.. :c .c.::-.
4.5 Transform into negative sentences using negative verbal
participle
4.5.1 .:.. .: .r.. .c.
4.5.2 t:/ .c. .c. .c/-::.:..
4.5.3 c... .t. - c..:~ .:..
4.5.4 --. :c .:.trc. .c-..
4.5.5 ..cr -... .c. t.c..
4.5.6 --/ ..c..:^ .. ..:.:..
4.5.7 -.. .:^ :: ::.
4.6 Change the follow sentences into double negation.
4.6.1 -c. c.- :/.trc. ../ r.c..
4.6.2 --. ...:. .:.-..
4.6.3 .t-. :. :. .c. t..c..
4.6.4 .::. .r/- t.:..
4.7 Translate into Kannada.
4.7.1 He cooks his own food.
4.7.2 There is no drinking water without rains.
4.7.3 I got headache by seeing that movie.
4.7.4 I bought a book paying hundred rupees.
4.7.5 He is staying in that house without paying rent.
4.8 Answer th following questions.
4.8.1 . :. .: ::./ r.^.c:;
4.8.2 . :=.:. .t : :c.c:;
4.8.3 . c: :-c/ r.^.c:;
4.8.4 . :: :. .:..c:;
4.8.5 .. -./ .:.tr-.c:; . .. ..
./.tr-.c: ;
Lesson 16/153
5. Vocabulary
-.: practice/habit'
t.:. sometime'
:~.c. cold water'
. .c. hot water'
:. .:. to take bath'
c. r. to chat'
.. teeth'
.. ... to brush the teeth'
.:. bullock' (n)
to lift' (v)
: medicine'
t. to bite'
t:.. leg'
t.. to cough'
t hand'
^ plant'
:c head'
:c:^. to bow down one's head
.. money'
.c. god'
r: worship'
.. interest'
.- crop' (n)
to grow' (v)
.:-^ plantain tree'
.r/-. to bark'
.:~ Speech'
.- rain'
.c cot'
..: face'
:. loan'
~ t.. to pay money'
.. madness'
1. Dialogue:
Lesson 16/155
t c:.:.:c =/ ..
t. .:: ::. ;
cc/ =/ :::~c...
t. .:: ::..
t -. :.. t. .:
::.;
cc/ cr..=c :^ t.
.: ::..
t ..; .c/-rc.c.
.:: ::.:;
cc/ :.. .c/-rc..
.:: :.. ..-
c... .:: ::..
t r.. .. t.
.:: :;
cc/ .rc.. t.
.:: :.
t -. c..::cr
t:c.... t. .::
::.: ;
o - 17
Where is Rajashekara work
ing at present ?
Now he i s worki ng i n
prajavani.
What is he doing there?
He is working as a reporter.
Where? Is he working in
Bangalore
No. He is not working in
Bangalore. He is working at
Hubli.
Where was he working
earlier?
He was working in Mysore.
Was he working there in some
college ?
cc/ t:c.... .::
:c... c..:r.
.. tcc...
.:: :.
t :/c. -.. t;, t.
.c.:: :.: ;
cc/ -.. .c.:: :.
t -. :. ..
:c.c..cc/ ::
:.:;
cc/ -.. :: :.
t =/ :. ::.;
cc/ =/ .c/-rc..
..c...c... t.
.:: ::..
t c:.:.:c =/.r
:.c.:t;, t.
.c.:: :c:.:;
cc/ :.c.: .c.:: :c..
:/:/ .c.:: :c:..
t . .r.r.t .c:
:c:.:;
cc/ r.. :.c.: .c:
:. =/ .crc.
:c .c: :c:..
He was not working in a
college. He was working in
some private company.
Was he writing stories and
poems even at that time?
Yes. He used to write.
Was one of his younger
brothers studying
Engineering?
Yes. He was studying
Where is he now ?
He is now working in H.M.T
in Bangalore.
Does Rajashekara still write
stories and poetry.?
He dosn't write much. He.
writes now and then.
Does he come to see you ?
He used to come frequently
earlier. Now he comes
once in a while.
1. Pattern drill
Lesson 17/157
!.l .rc.. .c..c c:
c. :-.:: :c..
.rc.. .c ..:
.c .c. c:t :
.:: :.
::c:c -.::^ .:.
.: :-..
.:.. ..rc.. r..
:: :.
. c..c.r.. ...:..
.. .c: ::..
. r.. :. t.
.:: ::c;
c:c c..::/.r :
.-: :.

!.! .t-. :. :: ::c.
:.. t:c.c :: ::-.
c../-. .c..t cc..:^
:: :.
--. .. :.. t.:
::-.
r.c... tc tr:
::c.
The wodeyar dynasty used to
rule Mysore.
A demon by name
Mahishasura lived in
Mysore long ago.
Shantala used to dance
splendidly.
I used to study in high school
in Tiptur.
Chittubabu's veena perfor-
mance was broadcast over
the radio yesterday.
Where were you working
earlier?
Harischandra was telling
truth always.
Children are playing.
Sheela is reading a novel.
Trains are runningng in time.

She is disturbing my penance.
Sugar is being given at
consumers' society.
.c./-. .:~ .::
::c.
!.1 -.. :.: : r.../
.c: :c:..
::.. . :. c: :.
/c./ :. :: :c:-.
: ../c. :.c.: /c:.
.:: :c:c.
-c. c..::/.r
:.r.c.. .c..:
:c:c.
!.+ c. .c/-rc.. t.
.:: :c...
-:r.t ..c c:.c :/
c... .: :c...
..:.c a.:/-/
:rcc tr :c...
-c. r..... t::
t..c...:: :c...
c. .:: :..
-.. .:- .c/-rc/
r./: :..
-c. ../ c.- tr:
:..
The Minister is making
speeches.
He comes daily to that hotel.
Shamala would be singing
daily at five o' clock in the
evening.
Those boys will be making a
lot of noise.
He always will be blaming
some one.
Ravi was not working in
Mangalore.
Ashoka didn't fight battles like
other kings.
Mahishasura didn't disturb the
sages.
They didn't drink coffee in the
hotel
Ravi is not sleeping.
He is not going to Bangalore
tomorrow.
They are not paying me the
salary.
Lesson 17/159
:./ . ../-. .c:
:..
!.: : .t. :.: .. ../
.c: :c..
-c. :.: t./ r./:
:c..
--. .-^. r:. ::
:c..
c::.: .. ../ .
.c: :c..
Enough buses are not
coming here.
That cat will not be coming
daily to our house.
They are not going daily to
the club.
She will not be reading in the
morning.
Rajesh will not be coming
frequently to our house.
3. key to learners
3.1 The continuous forms are introduced. Continuous
forms are obtained by adding - taa (uttaa) to the
verb.
maaDu + taa (uttaa) = maaDtaa (maaDuttaa)
tinnu + taa (uttaa) = tintaa (tinnutta)
These continuous forms are followed by the finite
form of auxillary verb iru.
3.2 The definite form of iru. Will be added to continuous
verbs to obtain present continuous.
maaDtaa idiini 'I am doing'.
tintaa idaaLe She is eating'.
3.3 The past tense of iru is added to continuous verbs to
obtain past continuous.
maaDtaa idda. he was doing'
tintaa idda. he was eating'.
3.4 By adding habitual form of verb - iru to the
continuous verbs, habitual continuous form is
obtained.
maaDtaa irtiini Ì will be doing'
tintaa irtiini. Ì will be eating'
3.5 The corresponding negative forms are obtained by
adding illa, iralilla and iralla respectively to the
continuous verbs.
maadtaa illa. not doing'
tintaa illa. not eating'
madtaa iralilla. was not doing'
tintaa iralilla was not eating'
maaDtaa irall. will not be doing'
tintaa iralla. will not be eating'
4. Exercise
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the appropriate continuous
forms of the verbs given in the bracket
4.1.1 .:.. :. =/- .c :..trc.......(:.)
4.1.2 -.. =/ .c/-rc.. t.............(.:)
4.1.3 .. :c =/ .................(.:.)
4.1.4 -c. :.: .. ../ ...........(.c.)
4.1.5 .t.c:. .rc.............(:-.)
4.1.6 --. :.: c: :................(:.)
4.1.7 ..:.c :/-/ :rcc............(tr.)
Lesson 17/161
4.1.8 :.. =/ .t.......................(:.)
4.1.9 -c. .c......................(...)
4.1.10 -.. :.: --.. .r..t...........(.c.)
4.2 Transform the following sentences into present continuous
forms
4.2.1 .t-. cc... :. :: :.
4.2.2 .. t; : .tc... .c: ::..
4.2.3 ../c. :c/.c... ... ./: :c..
4.2.4 c:tc. a.:/-/ :rcc tr: :c..
4.2.5 cc. .=:c..c. a.:/- :. t.: :c..
4.3 Transform the following sentences into present continuous
4.3.1 : c/c. ./- :: ::c.
4.3.2 t.:=.t. ..^c..cc: tc:. t.c...:: ::c.
4.3.3 .c. .c :c..: ::c.
4.3.4 :. :ct:c t.. .c/ /: :.
4.3.5 --. -c/.:.c :.:.. :c: ::-.
4.4 Transform the following sentences into habitual continuous
4.4.1 -.. :.: :./ .c:..
4.4.2 ./. ... --: :.
4.4.3 c:c. -.- .:: ::c.
4.4.4 :. . . .- .c: :.
4.4.5 :. ../-. :.c.: ::: :.
4.5 Transform the following sentences into their negative forms
4.5.1 .:.. .c/-rc.. t. .:: :.
4.5.2 -c. .:: ::c.
4.5.3 -c. r.. .:./ ..c... : .:: :c..
4.5.4 ../ :/:/ r. .r. .c: :c.:.
4.5.5 :.. /c. :r: ./- :: :-..
4.6.1 . .c. = .c .. t. .:: ::c; =/
.. t. .:: ::.c;
4.6.2 . t:c... .. :: ::c;
4.6.3 . ::./ ; t:c../ ./ r./: :c.c;
4.6.4 ./ :./ .c.t ..c t. .c: :c..:;
4.6.5 . ./ :/:/ r./: :c.c:;
5. Vocabulary
:/:/ now and then'
.crc. :c once in a while'
t. .:. to work'
5.1 Sulpplementary Vocabulary
-.::^ splendidly'
a.: sage'
t.. to spoil'
:. penance'
.:..:. to dance'
.t. cat'
c... battle'
c:t demon'
c: dynasty'
tc sugar'
: truth'
o - 18
1. Dialogue:
.r.= cr. c..:c. .::: r. .;
c:.. .:.. , c:.. . :::r ...
.r.= :.. .::c;
c:.. .c:c .. -~
.c::..
.r.= c..::/ .c;
c:.. .:.. ::./ r.^.
../ .c.cr-/
.c:.
.r.= ..c... ::.:;
c:.. :., rc/ r.^:..
.r.= . -./ .c::c:;
c:.. :. -./ .c:..
:r:c... :.c. ..:c.
.c::c.
.r.= :.:cr t. ..c
.c::.:;
c:.. -..
Hello, Who is speaking?
It is me, Raju, speaking.
What is the matter?
My elder brother has
come from Madras.
When did he come?
I had been to office. He
had come before I
returned.
Is he at home ?
No. He has gone out.
Has your sister-in-law
also come ?
No. she hasn't come Two
of his friend have come
with him.
Has he come on any
business?
Yes.
Lesson 18/165
.r.= ::. c: ..c...
t:.:;
c:.. :. c: ./ r.^c:..
.:- .-/ ..r r.^c.,
..
.r.= .. :. :c:.;
c:.. .c. :c :c:.. .:..
:c -...., ...rc/
r./:c.
.r.= c..:t; -.. .r..c:;
c:.. -.. .r.... .c.
= .c ..c..c.
r.^. -.. .::
.c... =/ -.
..:c. .c::c. -c.
.r...tc:.
.r.= .:- .-/ .c. -c:
-/ .-..
Will he be avilable at
home this evening?
No. He would have gone
to the city in the evening.
He won't go anywhere
t omor r ow mor ni ng.
please come.
For how many days will
he be here ?
He will be here for one
week. They will go to
Halebid and Belur on
Sunday.
Why ? Hasn't he seen
them?
No, he hasn't, All of us
had been there a year ago.
He alone hadn't come. He
had stayed at home. Now
his seems they have to
see those places.
Tell him that I would
come tomorrow morning
2. Pattern Drill
!.l :c, ./ r.. .c:.
:tc.. .r.r.t cr.^/-.
.c::c.
.:: :ct:c :cr.t ./
r.^:-.
./. .:c: ..c^.
-c. r .. t.:c.
.:.. r t:c.
trc.trc.:..
: ../ .-c.. .c
.c::..
:. :c .-/ ..^:c.
. :./ t.
-c..:;
!!. .:.. t- = ./
r.^.
-c. r. :..c. ..t
r.^c..
.: :. = .c
.:c:' .: .r...
c..: ../ t:/ .c:.
Sir, there is a phone call for you.
Patients have come to see the
doctor.
Sita has gone to city to bring
vegetables.
The child has swallowed a
four annas coin.
He has built a new house.
I have bought a new car.
That boy has written a good
essay.
My father is sleeping inside.
Has you younger brother got
a job ?
I went to Delhi last year.
They went to Chamundi hills
day before yesterday.
We saw the film `Naandi' ten
years ago.
Ramesh wrote me a letter
Lesson 18/167
Did you go on a tour of
Karnataka?
Did Raju bring you a sweater
from Bombay?
Gandhijis photo had
appeared in the paper
yesterday.
They would have come by this
time tommorrow evening.
Suresh would have certianly
paid hundred rupees to
Ramesh
Will you reach Madras
tommorrow by eight o' clock.
Raju would have read all the
lessons for the examination.
No letter has come for you.
No body has come to see him.
My brother has not gone to
city. He has gone to play.
The bank has not yet given me
a loan.
. t.:=.t :
r.^:c:;
c:.. .:c.:.c ./
.c :c::.:;
. .c.. /:c:..
r..r. .c::..
!.1 -c. .:- :c..ct:. :.
r./ .c:c:c.
.c.: :c.: c..:/
.rc. cr::. tr.c:..
. .:- .c.. /c./
.: :..:c.c:;
c:.. c.t/ .c: :c/-
.. ::c:..
!.+ ./ c..:r t:/
.c:..
- c . . . r. r. t
c..:c. .c:..
.. :. ./ r.^..
:. :r.t r.^:..
.:c-.c. ../ :.r
:. tr...
!. .: r. :..c.
..t r.^c...
: .::. :.r .c...
:c:. ..cc..c.
-c...
-.. -:t:c/-/ .c
tr.c...
!.: c..: :. ../ ../
.c:c..
-c. :.. ::c.:.
.c/ :..:c..
.=c:c...c;.. .-.
.-c..
t.c;.. r.
.:.c..
= .:. :.c.: ..
.c. .. .:.c..
We had not been to
Chamundi hills day before
yesterday.
That dog hadn't died yet.
We couldn't meet Bendre in
Dharwar.
He had not bribed the
officers.
Ramesh would'nt have come
hometown by tenth.
He wouldn't have reached
his hometown by tenth.
A person like Dharmaraya
wouldn't have uttered a lie.
A person like krishna
wouldn't have cheated.
Most of the poor people
would not have taken food in
this contry.
Present, past and future perfect forms and their
corresponding negative forms are introduced. The
stucture is, past participle form of the verb plus
present, past and future tense form of the verb iru.
Lesson 18/169
3.1 present perfect
bandu + idaare = bandidaare 'they have come'
nooDi +idaane = nooDidaane 'they have seen'
3.2 past perfect
bandu + idda = bandidda 'he had come
nooDi + idda = nooDidda ' he had seen'
3.3 Future perfect
bandu + irtaane = bandirtaane 'he would have
come'
nooDi + irtaane = noodirtaane 'he would have
seen'
3.4 The corresponding negation is obtained by adding the
negative from of the verb iru in present, past and future
tense to the past participle form of the verb.
bandu + illa = bandilla (one) 'hasn't come'
nooDi + illa = nooDilla (one) 'hasn't seen'
bandu + iralilla = bandiralilla (one) 'handn't come'
nooDi + iralilla = nooDiralilla (one) 'handn't seen'
bandu + iralla = bandiralla (one) 'would not have
come'
nooDi + iralla = nooDiralla (one) 'would not have
seen'
4. Exercise :
4.1 Fill in the blanks using the perfect forms of the verbs given
in the bracket.
4.1.1 :c:c/:c: r. :c .rc/........(.c.)
4.1.2 ..c: c:. ../ .c. t.. ............(..-.)
4.1.3 ..c: .c/-rc/....................(r./.)
4.1.4 -c. c: :. /c./ ../ ............(.c.)
4.1.5 .. ..: . c: :cc... ............(t.)
4.2 Transform in following sentences into past perfect tense.
4.2.1 :c, ./ r.. .c:.
4.2.2 -.. .- t; .c::..
4.2.3 -c. :..c. ..t r.^:c.
4.2.4 .c/-rc. tc/ .:c :c.::c.
4.2.5 -.. .c. r :. trc.:..
4.3 Transform into present perfect.
4.3.1 .c./-. .. r./ .c:c.
4.3.2 ::. c.t: .::c: .c.:.
4.3.3 -.. : .: .r..::..
4.3.4 . c..: t; ::.c;
4.3.5 -c. t:/ .cc...::c.
4.4 Transform-into future perfect
4.4.1 c:. c: :. /c./ .c.::..
4.4.2 -c. .. .:.::..
4.4.3 .c/-rc.. .- .c.:.
4.5 Transform into negative
4.5.1 .::../ ...: .: : .c...::c/ .c:.
Lesson 18/171
4.5.2 t.:.. -..... .:. t..
4.5.3 -c. t:c.. .c::c.
4.5.4 -c. c::t..:c :. t.-.. r.^:c.
4.5.5 .:/c:: ../ .c:c:..
4.5.6 -c. t.:=.t : r.^c..
4.5.7 .:.. .::.c .r.....
4.5.8 c. ..c... ..^c:..
4.6 Transform into Kannada.
4.6.1 Did you meet Ramesh in Dharawar?
4.6.2 Teachers from various states have come to learn
Kannada.
4.6.3 Boys have gone to see the cricket match.
4.6.4 he had gone on office duty.
4.6.5 He would have come home by this time.
4.7.1 . :c :::. .cc .c::c:;
4.7.2 . r. = ..c/ r.^:c:;
4.7.3 . :r./ ..:: .r..:.c: ;
4.7.4 . c..::cr t. .t :::.c:;
5. Vocabulary
-./ sister - in - law'
.-.tr-. to stay'
-:t:c officer'
.:c: four annas'
..c/. to swallow'
.c essay'
: tour'
r. cheating'
cr.^ patient'
.c bribe'
:. loan'
.-. lie'

Lesson 19/173
o - 19
1. Narration
- ...., ...rc.
t. :=.t :. :.
t.c/-.. -. rc..-c. t.
./: .:./-. =
.cr -/-r =^. :.
.c c. .. . . c/ - rcc
- ..../ . .:c . .:
- c r. .. . .c :/ . : .
-....c ...rc/ :
-cr....c.
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t... t.:... -..
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Halebid and Belur are
famous architectural centres
of Karnataka. The world
famous tempels built by
Hoysalas, are there. These
places are in the present
Hassan district. Halebid is
about 250 kms . f r om
Bangalore. It is only 15 kms.
from Halebid to Belur.
The name of the temple at
Helebid is Hoysaleswara
temple. The name of the temple
at Belur is Channakesava
temple. The name of the king
who built Belur temple is,
Hoysala Vishnuvardhana. At
the time when he was ruling,
Karnataka saw the golden age
in architecture. His wife
Shantala had a title - `Queen
of Dance'. Her contribution to
the art or dance is remarkable.
The man who built Halebid
temple was Ketamalla. He
was Commander-in-chief of
Vishnuvardhana.
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The earlier name of
Halebid was Dwarasamudra,
which was the capital of
Hoysalas and ruined by the
Mogal invasion. The town got
the name Halebid (old
township). The place which
was famous as 'Velapura' in
mythology is now called
Belur.
The people protected the
temples from the frequent
invasions of Moghals by
covering them with sand. The
temples thus saved stand
proclaiming their artistry
even today.
People say that the archi-
tects who built these temples
are Jakkana and Danakana.
But there is another name
Mallitamma' on the building.
One can know the beauty
of these temples only by
seeing them. The subtle
carvings of the sculptors are
marvellous. To achieve such a
delicacy in carving they have
used soapstone. The scenes
from the Ramayana and the
Lesson 19/175
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/-.. .r.c. -cr.
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Mahabharata on the walls of
the temple, the round stone on
which Shantala used to dance,
the Shilaballikas in various
dancing postures, finely
carved bull, all these are gifts
of sculptors.
These temples are built in
the Karnataka style. The
Karnataka style is combination
of the Dravida and the
northern nagara style. On a
star shaped plat from there is a
temple which is neither too
large nor too small.
It is not possible to say that
this temple is greater than that
or that is a superior to this. one
should see them to enjoy
them. one shouldn't try to
decide which is superior on
who hasn't see them is an
unfortunate man indeed.
The number of people
who come there daily to see
these temples are in hundreds.
In Karnataka the people who
haven't seen these temples are
rere indeed. Those who come
once feel like coming again. It
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is not boring to see these again
and again. Now there is good
bus service for those who
come from Bangalore. As the
number of vi si t ors has
increased now all facilities
have been provided.
2. Pattern drill
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.: : : . . r. .
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!.1 . . r.. .:
The places that we are going
to see are Halebid and
Belur.
The newspaper that they are
getting is prajavani.
The book that she is reading
is `Maralimannige'
The name of the temple
which is at Belur is Channa-
keshava temple.
The movie that we are going
to see today is `Chomana
Dudi'
The question that he asks is
not correct.
Which is the film that you
Lesson 19/177
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c..:c. ;
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--. .r. .: :..
saw?
Read the lesson which was
done yesterday.
What did you do with the
money which he paid ?
This is the place where
Shantala used to dance.
The college where she was
working is Maharaja's
College
The place where we were
living was Tiptur.
Dwarasamudra, which was
the capital of Hoysalas, was
ruined.
Who was the girl who had
come to your home ?
What was the amount that
you sent?
There is no plant which a
goat doesn't touch.
There is nothing which he
doesn't know.
There are no films which she
doesn't see.
.. . c . .c c. .
:.:: t:c :..
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.r.c. c..:c. ;
::. r.c t= .cc..
c. c..:c.;
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r./c. c..:c.;
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.cc.r.t .cc. :.c.
::c.
!. -. ... .: t.
-..
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-..
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There is no literary form in
which puttappa has not
written.
Who is the one among you
who has not seen the palace ?
Who are those who have not
written home-work today?
Who are the ones who are not
going for tour tomorrow?
There are ten person in our
office who do not know
Kannada.
The only one who has not
studied in our hose is my
younger sister.
There are two in our cabinet
who do not know to write
Kannada
It is not something which
you have never done.
It is not something which he
hasn't heard before.
It is a pen that is of no use.
Lesson 19/179
-. :t c.r./.
...
-c. -t. .c.cc..
-.
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.:r.:..
. tcc.. rc:. -..
.c.:..
. : rc:. c.t
c... ::/.:..

!.l!.. ./c..... -/.
:c .:... -:t.
.c/. .:... .^.
.
. r.c. .. . .
.:c.
.. r.c..... .=.
.t .:...
t.c.:c.
.cc..... t..
!.l1 .c.... .::..
It is a house which is unfit
for living.
He is not a person who would
flinch at all that.
He won't do anything unless
he is told.
Unless you call him he won't
come.
Unless you read you won't get
through in the examination.
One who washes clothes is a
was her man.
One who teaches is a teacher.
One who does wood work is a
carpenter.
One who makes chappals is a
cobbler.
One who makes clothes is a
tails
One who makes post is a
potter.
One who writes poetry is a
poet.
One who walks trips.
t. .::.:.c .
.....
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:c.c. :. ..;
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t.c...:: :c.-. t...
:r.c:^ :.:: :c...
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c..:c..
../ : .c.. :
../.
. c: c^.: :.
-. .. :c^.
!.l:.. .:./ ./: :..
.. cr.....
../ :r.t ~ tr:
:c. .. .t.
Don't give up the company of
those who speak Kannada.
We have awoman in our
hostel to sweep.
How many among you are
learning Kannada?
One who is learning music in
our family is Kamala.
One who is reading loudly is
my son.
Who rented you the house ?
One who wrote me a letter is
that boy.
One who sang yesterday
evening is my younger sister.
One who used to laugh at me
was my room mate.
One who was paying for our
studies was my uncle.
Relative participle constructions, negative relative
participle constractions, participle nuns and negative
participle nouns are introduced in this lesson.
Lesson 19/181
3.1 Relative participle constructions :
-a is the relative participle maker in Kannada. The
structure of the relative participle in Kannada changes
according to tense.
3.1.1Non-past-relative participle
The structure is,
hoogu + a = hooguva.
bare + a = bareyuva.
kuDi + a = kuDiyuva.
avanu hooguva sthaLa kemmaNNuguNDi.
the place to which he goes is Kemmannugundi.
avaLu bareyuva kathe saNNadu.
the story the she writes is a short one.
avaru kuDiyuva kaafi bru kaafi.
Coffee they drink is bru coffee.
Note the addition of - v-and-uva-when-u-and-i, -e, ending
verbs added to R.P
3.1.2 Past :
The structure is,
Past tense stem + R. P.
tind + a = tinda
kalit + a = kalita
koTT + a = koTTa
nakk + a = nakka
koND + a = koNDa
nooDid + a = nooDida.
naavu tinda jaamuunu cennaagittu.
the jamun that we are eat was good.
naanu hayskuulinalli kalita ingliish maretu
hooytu.
I forgot the English which I learnt in High
School.
niinu koTTa haNa kharchaaytu.
he money which you paid was spent.
anannannu nooDi nakka huDuga ivane.
He is the boy who laughed at me.
niivu hoosadaagi konDa kaaru heegide?
How is the car which you newly bought?
naavu nooDida sinnimaa cennaagide.
The film which we saw is good.
3.1.3 Perfect Tense :
3.1.3.1 Present perfect :
The structure is,
Verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
nooDi + iru + a = nooDiruva.
bandu + iru + a = bandiruva.
nimma magaLige nooDiruva huDuganige eenu
kelasa?
What is the occupation of the boy whom you
have seen (for marriage alliance) for your
daughter?
assaamininda bandiruva I.A.S. adhikaari ivaree.
He is the I.A.S. officer who has come form Assam.
Lesson 19/183
3.1.3.2 Past perfect :
The structure is,
Verbal participle stem + id + R.P.
koTTu + id + a = koTTidda.
bandu + id + a = bandidda.
naanu ninage koTTidda pennu elli?
Where is the pen which I had given you?
rushyashrunga maysuurige bandidda varsha maLe
cennaage bandittu.
The year in which Rishyashringa had come to Mysore,
it rained well.
3.1.4 Continuous Tense:
3.1.4.1 Present continuous :
The structure is,
Continuous stem + iru + R.P.
maaDutta + iru + a = maadutta iruva.
oodutta + iru + a = oodutta iruva
alli kelsa maaDutta iruva huDuga nanna tamma.
The boy who is working there is my younger
brother.
avanu oodutta iruva pustaka samskaara.
The book that he is reading is Samskara.
3.1.4.2 Past continuous :
The structure is,
Continuos stem + id + R.P.
hoogutta + id + a = hoogutta idda.
bareyutta + id + a = bareyutta idda.
naanu hoogutta idda bas nadige bittu.
The bus in which I was going fell ingo a river.
avaru bareyuttaa idda Kaadambari mugidilla.
The novel he was writing has not yet been
completed.
Note that the R.P. construction is always followed by a
noun. This is otherwise called as adjectival Participle.
R.P. is always used as subordinate class which is
follwed by a finite main clause.
3.2 Nagative R. P.
-add is the negative R. P. maker. By adding -add to the
verb root, negative R.P. is obtained. This negation
applies to all tenses except for perfect tenses.
nooDu + ada = nooDada.
naanu nooDada sinima adonde.
That is the only movie which I have not seen.
Whereas, the structure for past perfect tense is, negative
verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
maaDade + id + a = maaDade idda.
heeLade + id + a = heeLade idda.
avanu maaDade idda kelasa naanu maaDide.
I did the work which he didn't do.
Kaangres heeLade idda satyaana Kamyuunis Taru
heelidaru
Communists said the truth, which the Congress
hadn't said.
The structure of present perfect is,
Lesson 19/185
negative verbal participle stem + iru + R.P.
nooDade + iru + a = nooDade iruva.
koDade + iru + a = koDade iruva.
adhyaapakaru nooDade iruva pustakaana
vidyaarthigaLu nooDabaaradu.
Students shouldn't see the books which the teachers
haven't seen.
avaru koDade iruva pustakaana nanu nimage heege
koDali?
How can I lend you a book which he hasn't lent
you?
3.3 Participle nouns :
participle nouns are obtained by adding third person
human pronouns to the R.P. form of the verb. The
participle nouns can be added to all tenses.
3.3.1. Non-past
baruva + avanu = baruvavanu.
taruva + avaLu = taruvavaLu.
koDuva + avaru = koDuvavaru.
ivattu namma manege baruvavanu nanna sneethita.
The one who comes to my house today is my friend.
nanage habbakke SarT taruvavaLu nanna akka.
The one who brings shirt for me for festival is my
elder sister.
samaarambhadalli sarTifikkeT koDuvavavaru
mantrigaLu.
The one who gives the certificates at the function is
minister.
3.3.2 past tense :
gaandhiyannu kondavanu gooDse.
The one who killed Gandhi was Godse.
halavaaru janarannu kondavaLu phuulan deevi.
The one who killed many people is Pholan Devi.
nimage ii pustaka koTTavaru yaaru?
Who is the one who gave you this book?
3.3.3 Perfect tense :
3.3.3.1 Present!
namma maneyalli taajmahal nooDiruvavanu
naanobbane.
I am the only one in my family who has seen
Tajmahal.
ii skuulinalli paasaagiruvavaLu kamala obbaLe.
The only one who has passed in this school is
Kamala.
nimmalli paTTadakallu nooDiruvavaru yaaru?
Who is the one among you who has seen
Pattadakallu?
3.3.3.2 Past :
ii pustaka tandiddavanu raaju.
The one who had brought this book was Raju.
nanage kaagada barediddavaLu sudha.
The one who had written me a letter was Sudha.
Lesson 19/187
keeraLadinda bandiddavaru elli?
where are those who had come from Kerala?
3.3.4 Continuous tense
3.3.4.1 Present
alli ooDuttaa iruvavanu ranga.
The one who is running there is Ranga.
aa kelasa maaDutta iruvavaLu vanaja.
The one who is doing that work is Vanaja.
alli hooguttaa iruvavaru saynikaru.
Those who are going there are soldiers.
3.3.4.2 Past
ninne ninna jote baruttaa iddavanu yaru?
Who is the one who was coming with you yester
day?
avana jote haaDutta iddavaLu yaaru?
Who is the one who was singing with him?
daariyalli galaaTe maaDuttaa iddavaru
caLavaLigaararu.
Those who were making noise on the road were
agitators.
3.4 The negative participle noun is obtained by adding third
person human pronouns to negative R.P. There is no
tense distinction.
nooDada + avanu = nooDadavanu
+ avaLu = nooDadavaLu
+ avaru = nooDadavaru
nimmalli 'Sankar guru' sinimaa nooDadavaru yaaru?
Who is the one among you who has not seen the movie
Shankar Guru?
4. Exercise
4.1.1 Rewrite as directed.
4.1.1 -c. .c:c. t; .:^. (into past perfect)
4.1.2 ...rc. .:... t. c:. ..=.. (into
past perfect)
4.1.3 -.. .-: :c. .c.. . -.. (into past)
4.1.4 :c .::c .c: .:=/-. ..:c;. (into
past perfect)
4.1.5 . .r.. .: .:^c..:. (into past)
4.1.6 rc/ .::.:..c.c. c..:c.. (into non past)
4.1.7 .. ../ .c.. : ../. (into past perfect)
4.1.8 : ..^c.... .r..c. .- ... (into past)
4.2 Combine the following sentences
4.2.1 -c. :c .:.::c.
-c. -:tc..
4.2.2 :.. . r.c...::..
:.. .:c.
4.2.3 -.. t.~ t. .:.::c.
-.. t.:c.
4.2.4 -.. .. ./c...:..
-.. -/...
4.2.5 -.. t.: .cc...:..
-.. t.c....
4.2.6 --. .:c-.. t. .: ::-.
Lesson 19/189
--. .. ..c.. t. ::-.
4.2.7 -c. :: tr:c.
-c. c..
4.3 Transform into double negative
4.3.1 . :: .t :..
4.3.2 -c. .:. t. :.c.: :.
4.3.3 -.. .-. .c../-. -..t :.
4.3.4 ../ :: ..^ :.
4.4 Transform into double negative
4.4.1 :. .... r. :.
4.4.2 t.:=.t. t. .::.:.c. ::c.
4.4.3 -.... .:. .r..c. ::c.
4.5.1 -...., ...rc. c..: .cc...;
4.5.2 -....c ...rc/ .. rc;
4.5.3 -.... .:. ...rc..c. .:./- c. :..;
-/-.. t.c. c..:c.;
4.5.4 ..c. c..:cc ./ .:./-.. c-c.;
4.5.5 .:./-.. ..= :./-. c..:c.;
4.5.6 ::c:c:/ : .c.. :..;
4.5.7 c..:c t:.. t.:=.t :.tcc... .~=c.../..
tc.:.;
4.5.8 -.... .:. ...rc/ .c : c...;
4.5.9 .:. t..t .c; t.. .-:c;
4.5.10 :./-. ... r.^c. t:~t :..;
4.5.11:. :.. t.:=.t :. .cc...;
5. Vocabulary
-... experience'
-cr rear'
-:c plenty'
:t.~ attack'
:.c:. to enjoy'
t.. to build'
t:~t gift'
t..c t. subtle carving'
t.c centre'
./: world famous'
./. platfrom'
c.:c..t commander in chief'
:- .:. to invade'
: scene'
.:. temple'
.: unfortunate person'
.c.. fine, soft'
.t::t:c star shape'
Lesson 19/191
.:.tc art of dance'
.:.c:~ queen of dance'
~=:.. to decide'
to possess'
. bull'
.- t.. soap stone'
.c.. titile'
..c boredom'
.c-. sand'
.c to proclaim'
c:..:c .:. to rule'
:.:. architecture'
.. .c^ various postures'
::t:c ciruclar'
c/. confluence'
.~=c.../ golden age'
-tc..= facility'
:. sculptor'
:.tc architecture'
:c:.:.t maidens carved in stone'
:. superior'
:. style'
:-:/. to ruin'
5.2 Supplementary vocabulary.
-/ washerman'
:. goat'
. to trip over'
t /... to sweep'
t.c.:c potter'
.:c cobbler'
t.:c blacksmith'
.= tailor'
. to walk'
.^ carpenter'
.t pot'
.c. .c. cabinet'
c.r./ fit'
:.: literary form'
.c.c to flinch'
Lesson 20/193
o - 19
1. Dialogue:
t.. =/ r.c .c/-rc/
.. /.::;
:.. :t~ r./ :c
/.:;
t.. :t~ r./ :c
/.:;
:.. :., :t~ r./
:c /..
t.. ..c:. .. .. /c./
:.
:.. ..c:. .. .c.
/c./ :.
t.. -t r.c c..:/.:.
:.. :.c.: -:=c. t.
:c..:;
t.. -.. .. ..:
t:c..: :c:-.
:.. = .. / :
./ r.^.
If i go now can I get a bus to
Bangalore ?
If you go immediately you
will get it.
If I don't go immediately
won't it be available ?
No, I f you don' t go
immediatly you won't get it.
At what time is the next
bus?
The next one is at 12o'
clock.
If I go by that, it will be
late.
Do you have urgent work?
Yes my friend get this bus
you can go by train.
If you don't get this bus you
can go by train.
t.. ... .. /c./ :;
:.. .rc. /c./ :.
t.. :.c.: c..:/.:. .:..
../ r./ :c ..
..: /..
:.. .c/-rc/ r.c
::. : .c.c:;
t.. t. :c .c.. :/
:c .:- c: .c..
:.. .:- .c: : c .. / rc.
:c.. ...c:;
t.. :.. ;
:.. ../rc. .t ..t..
t.. c..:.;
:.. c:.:c..~:=.c.
t.. .. /.:.;
:.. .c/-rc. ..t .rcr./
r.c /.:.
t.. -. -c :c.. /
At what time is there a
train?
It is at eleven o' clock.
It will be too late. If I don't
go early me friend won't be
available.
If you go to Bangalore will
you come back today itself?
If the work is over I shall
come back. If it is not over. I
shal l come t omorrow
evening.
If you are coming tomorrow
will you do me a favour?
What is that?
I want a book.
Which one ?
Ramayana Darshanam.
Where is it available?
If you go to Bangalore
Book Bereau, it is available
there.
If it is available there I will
Lesson 20/195
:c :.. .:.;.
t.. / :c ....
bring it. If it is not avail able
there, what shall I do?
If it is not available don't
bother.
2. Pattern drill
!.l -.. . -c
.c:.t .c:..
... .. tr.c .:..
.:t r.^..
.:.. t: ..
::c .c. .../
.c..
!.! c:.. .c:c tc.
. t. t..c
t.c. .::.:..
. :c .c:c
r./....
!.1 . . c/ - rc/
r./: c .-.
. t:/ .c.::
tr:c c..:/.:.
-.. :c .::
:c .c.:.
If he gets a bus he will come to
Brindavan.
If you give me money I will go
to a movie.
If I get through in first class
I shall join M.sc.
If Raju has come call him.
If you have learnt Kannada
speak in it.
If you have written the lesson
you may go.
If you are going to Bangalore
tell me.
If you start writing a letter, it
will be late.
If he is teaching one gets
sleepy.
!.+ :.. t..c ./.
--..
=/ .. ..c -c; ..
t..
.:. -./ . :.trcc
. :.= .c..
!. ..:.c t:/ .cc
.c/ r.^.c..:;
.-/ rc.c .
.c/ .. /c./
.c.c;
.:.. .c/-rc/ .cc
... .. .r..;
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.. -c::c.
./ t. /.. -cc
:.:..c..;
!. .:.. -./ r./
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. .c :c -c.
.c..
.t. / :c .:
.:t r./..
!. ./ :rcc :/
If the baby is fed it won't cry.
If you give up the house you
are in now, you won't get
such an one.
If we cook our own food, it
won't be expensive.
If you get a letter from home
will you go to your home
town?
If you start in the morning at
what time will you reach
your home town ?
If I come to Bangalore where
can I see you?
If I say I will die, they will
say don't.
If you don't get a job what
will you do?
It won't be nice, if I don't go
there.
If you don't come, they won't
come.
If we don't get the tickets, we
won't go to the movie.
If it is not trouble to you
Lesson 20/197
:. c..... ..
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./ r./....
-/ t. t :c
::c .:..
../ .. t :c
:.r.. r./r.~.
!. .. ..:c. ../ .c
:c .:.. ./ .c..
- c c . .c/
r./ :c -c. ..
:r:c... .c:c.
.: c:.. ../ ../
rc:c -.. :./
.c:..
!.l -.. :.r .::
:. :c ..^
tr-r.t .-..
.c.: .c/ r./:
:. :c .:..
r.^.
please do come.
If we are not delayed at home,
we can go to city.
If he does'nt get a job let him
do business.
If we don't get a bus, let us go
by an auto.
If my friends do not come
home, I will come to city.
If his wife does not go to her
home town, he will come with
us.
If we do not go to Ramu's
house early he himself will
come here.
If he is not doing anythig ask
him to sleep.
If Suresh is not going to his
home town I shall go.
The simple conditional construction is introduced in this
lesson. -are is the conditional marker. This conditinal
maker is added to different tenses.
3.1 Non past
The stucture is,
past stem + conditional marker.
nakk + are = nakkare.
Kamala bandare kari. 'If kamala comes call her'.
nanna nooDi nakkare ninna hallu muriitiini.
'If you laugh at me, I shall break your teeth'.
3.2 Continuous
The structure is,
continuous stem + conditional of 'iru'
bartaa + iddare = bartaa iddare.
avanu bartaa iddare kari. 'IF he is coming call him.'
avaLu nagtaa iddare aLu baratte.
'If she is laughing I feel like weeping'.
3.3 Perfect tense
The structure is,
verbal participle stem + conditional of iru.
bandu + iddare = bandiddare.
ninage laaTari bandiddare nanage sviiT koDisu.
'If you have won the lottery get me sweets.'
Note that the conditional constructions is mentioned
above refer to non-past events.
3.4 The simple negative conditional is obtained by adding
iddare to the verbal participle negation.
obdade + iddare = oodade iddare
niinu cennaagi oodade iddare feelaagtiiye.
Lesson 20/199
If you don't read well you will fai.
avaru barade iddare naanu hoogalla.
'If he doesn't come I won't go.'
3.5 The continuous negative conditional is obtained by
adding illade iddare or irade iddare to the continuous
stem.
avanu oodutta illade iddare / irade iddare barooke
heeLu.
'If he is not studying ask him to come'.
4. Exercise
4.1. Fill in the blanks using the conitional form of the verbs
given in the bracket.
4.1.1 ... ............ .:.. .t tr.. (.:)
4.1.2 c:.. ::............. .c t..c..:/.: (t..)
4.1.3 .c/ t:/ .................~ t-:c. (.c)
4.1.4 .: ...............:c.r. .c.:. (.r..)
4.2 Combine the following sentences using conditional form :
4.2.1 ::. .- .c:
... t..c..:/.:.
4.2.2 .::. .r/-: :. .
:. t-c. .c.:..
4.2.3 -c. .t :c::c.
.:.. -c/ ~ tr..t..
4.2.4 .: .. .:...
.:^ .c:.
4.2.5 -c. .. tr:c.
.:.. .c/-rc/ r.^..
4.3 Transform into negative conditional :
4.3.1 t. t. .:.c .c..:c.
4.3.2 .:.. r.c -c. .c:c.
4.3.3 .:/ : .t ::c .-c....
4.3.4 -:tc. : t.-c ..::c..
4.4 Transform the following sentences into double negative:
4.4.1 ./. .c :.. t..c...:.
4.4.2 . . .c. tr.c .c..
4.4.3 -c. .c:c tc...
4.4.4 t .c .: :.
4.4.5 t tc:c .::. rc:/:.
4.5 Answer the following quesions.
4.5.1 ./ :c.r. .cc :.. .:..c;
4.5.2 ./ .cc t:/ .c :c ..::c:/.::;
4.5.3 . ::./ c..:^ r.c . ::.c .c..:c:;
4.5.4 ./ c:.cc... .c. .t cr::. .cc :..
.:.c;
Lesson 21/201
o - 21
1. Dialogue:
:.c . ../ .c:c
.c.. /c./ c.. /:
::..
c:. c.. r.^.:;
:.c =/ ::. r.c.... =
c./ r.^c
.rc. /c./
.c/-rc. :..:
:..
c:.. ..c:. ... ..
/c./;
:.c :rc /c./. -t
r.c .crc/
:..:... r.cr
.c.r./ :..
c:.. -. :t r.^c
.rc. /c./ .:.
-t r./: :.
:.c .c. /c./ .:
.c./-. t: :c..
Hand you come earlier, we
would have got the eight
o'clock train.
Has the train left?
If has just left. Had we gone
by this train we whoul have
reached Bangalore by eleven
o'clock.
At what time is the next
train?
It is at ten thirty. If we go
by that we will reach at one
thirty.
Even if we go by that there
is no use.
Yes. Had we gone by this
we would have reached
Vidhana soudha by eleven
o'clock.
We would have met the
Education Minister at 12
o'clock.
c:. -c. -c -c
:r: .c:^
.::: ..::..
:.c -c :r: .c:^
.:::.c -c.
.. .:cc.t
.cr.t .: :c..
c:. -c. .:c ..c
c..:c.:cr
-t:/ t.-..::..
. ::c ..c
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../ r./..::..
c./ t:/:.r
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c:. -c ..c...
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.:..::..
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:.t :. c:
rc..::..
c:.. c: :c. /c. c./
rc.c .c.:.
Had we met him, we could
have talked to him in deatil.
Had we talked to him in detail,
he would have agreed to come
to our function.
Had he agreed we colud have
asked someone else to
Preside. Supposing he didn't
agree then we could have
asked some other minister.
Then we could have gone to
Ravi's house. We have written
him a letter also.
We could have sat leisurely
there and had our food.
We could have stayed there
till evening and started then.
Had we started by the six
o'clock train, we would have
Lesson 21/203
/c./ :: .c:
:.
:.c c./ t:/ .cc...
::c .:.. ..c
.:.tr-: :c...
-.. t:c..: :c:..
c:. c..::cr ..
/..:, .
:c./ r.c;
:.c . : c./ r .cr
= . /.. .
-cr ... /..
:cc r./r..
.c.r./ :..
come back at nine o'clock.
If we had'nt written to Ravi, I
wouldn't have worried. He
will be waiting.
Will there be any bus
available, if we go to the bus
stand?
Even if we go to the bus stand,
we won't get one. Even if we
get one we won't get a seat.
Therefore there is no use in
going.
2. Pattern drill
!.l ... :. .. ../
.c:c .c.. /c.
./ r./..::..
.:.. :-. /c. ./
r.^c .c. :..
: .c..::..
!.! .c. :.r..:cr
-c ../ .c: :.
-.. c.tc... .:^
Had you come five minutes
early, we could have gone by
the eight o'clock bus.
Had we gone by the eight
o'clock bus we could have
returned the same day.
Had I got an auto I would have
come early.
Had he written well in the
.c: c ::/: :.
--. .:^ ..
.:.c :.r
:/: :-..
... ..t .:.c
.t. /: ::..
!.1 -.. ..c :. ::^
.c:c ../ .. .c:
:c...
-.. --.. ..
:^ c . .:/:
:c...
!.+ .: t:/ .cc..
:c r./
:c..::..
--. -... ..
c..:/ ::c
.::^ :c..::..
.:.. .c/ r./
::c . ../
.c..::..
!. .:.. : .t tr
::c -.. -..
:: :c...
examination he would have
got through.
Had she eaten well she would
have become still fatter.
Had we booked yesterday we
would have got the tickets.
Had he come late on any other
day, I wouldn't have got angry.
Had he married her he
wouldn't have gone mad.
Hadn't we written him a letter
we could have stayed back.
Had she not married him she
would have been happy.
Had I not gone to my home
town, I could have come to
your house.
Had I not given him that book
he wouldn't have read it.
Lesson 21/205
. .c..t cc..:^
.c ::c : t.
:/: :c...
!.: .:.. ../ .c:c
. .. tr...t:
^:..
- c . . . .. /
.c:c t:: tr
..t:^:..
!. . .:^ :
:c c.t
t..:c:^:..
./ -..c.. .c
:c .:.t. .:
.:c:^:..
. :. .: :c
.:tr-.:c::..
!. =/ .:c./
r.cr . /..
-.. t. t..cr
.:::r.t .c..
c..: :.: : ..^..
.r.: :cr --..
.:::...
c:.:.c. .:-
Had you not come in time that
work couldn't have been done.
Had I come home you would
have had to offer me sweets.

Had he come to my house, I
would have had to give him
coffee.
If you had not studied well
you shouldn't have appeared
for examination.
If you you do not know acting
you shouldn't have acted in
the play.
If you had not made a mistake,
your should't have admitted it.
Even if we go to the bus stand
now we won't get a bus.
Even though he has learnt
Kannada he is unable to speak it.
Even though Ramesh is
seeing that girl everyday he
hasn't talked to her.
Even though the Governor is
.c/-rc/ .ccr
c..:c.r .r...
..c: .:- ./
r.cr
r./....
coming to Bangalore tomorrow
he won't see anybody.
Leela might go to Delhi
tomorrow.
3. Key to learnrs
3.1 The unful filled past conditional (with built in negative
implication) sentences are introduced in this lesson.
These sentences have two clauses ; viz. the conditional
clause and the main clause. The conditional clause
contains a conditional verb in past perfect. The main
clause my be a model verb or a finite verb. The finite
verb in the main clause verb or a finite verb. The finite
verb in the main clause would always be in the past
continuous.
niinu pustaka koTTidare oodtaa idde.
'If you had given me the book. I would have read it.'
If the verb in the main class containing model verb, it
will be followed by ittu,
avanu bandiddare sinimaakke hoogabahudittu.
'Had he come we could have gone to a movie.'
beereyavaru aa kelasa maaDiddare niivu hattu
ruupaayi jaasti koDabeekittu.
'Had some one else done that work, you would have
had to pay ten rupees more'.
nimage jvara bandiddare aafiisige barabaradittu.
'If you had fever, you shouldn't have come to office.
Lesson 21/207
3.2 The negation in the unfulfilled past conditional are of
two types.
3.2.1 Negation of conditional clause.
The structure of type (1) is,
Negative verbal participle + id + conditional of iru.
barade + ide + iddare = barade iddiddare.
avaru barade iddiddare naanu barta idde.
'If he had not come, I would have come'.
Type (2) gets negated in both the clauses.
avanu pustaka kodade iddiddare naanu haNa kodtaa
iralilla.
'Had he not given me the book, I wouldn't have paid him
money.
This type contain double negation and so it gives
positive meaning.
3.3 The concessive form in Kannada is obrained by adding-
uu to the conditional verb. It gives the meaning "even
if......".
avanu ashTondu oodiddarauu avanige buddhi illa.
Even if he has read so much, he doesn't have
common sense.
with 'bahuda' it gives the probability meaning.
avanu naaLe bengaLuurige bandaruu barabahudu.
He might come to Bangalore tomorrow.
4. Exercise
4.1 Transform the following sentences into unfulfilled past
conditional
4.1.1 .. tr.c :ct:c :c..
4.1.2 ../ r.c .. /.:.
4.1.3 .c/ r.c :c^.t::. :c....
4.1.4 .:.. .t tr.c ... ../ .. tr..t..
4.1.5 ../ ../ r.c .:....
4.2 Transform into double negative.
4.2.1 .c/-rc/ r.^c '/:c:' .: .r.: :.
4.2.2 --. .. .:::.c .:.r .:::: :.
4.2.1 .:.. .c:c . ~ tr..t:^:..
4.3 Transform the conditional clause into negative
4.3.1 ... .c:c ../ c:r. :^:..
4.2.2 .- .:c .- .-.:: :c...
4.3.3 .:.: :.c.: rc .:c :cr./ .:^c:..
4.4 Translate the following into English.
c:.. .:. c:. :.cr .- ..:c.. -c. :.cr
.c/-rc.. :.:: ::c. c:.. :..trc.... c:.
.c:.... c:./ .:^ t. .c..c...
c:.. -/ t. t... :cc.. rr..
c:./ t. t.c.... t::.:.. :cr c..:
. t.c.... :r^. ..:c. :r: t.c.
.:::... :r:/ .cc.... .:. :.. t.:.
Lesson 21/209
=/ t.. t. :=.:. .t ::
-;=.:.tr-.::.. c:.... :r: :.t .
r::cr t.. .::: :c -/ :: :..
-.. ../ t.:c :.. t.. :./-. t. .:^
.::.:....
4.5 Translate the following sentences into Kannada.
4.5.1 Mysore is a famous cultural centre in Karnataka.
4.5.2 There are a number of places in Mysore which are
worth seeing.
4.5.3 Srirangapattana was the earlier capital of Mysore
Wodeyars.
4.5.4 The weather in Mysore is congenial.
4.5.5 I have purchased a new house in Bangalore.
4.5.6 If I meet Raju in Bangalore I will convey your regards.
4.5.7 Please ask him to write me a letter
4.5.8 The person who spoke me over the telephone the other
day has come to see me.
4.5.9 Though he had been to meet the Prime minister, he
couldn't meet him.
4.5.10It is easier to forget a language than learning it.
5. Vocabulary
-t: presiding'
:c:. leisurely'
.:.c. education minister'
.c:^ in detail'
-..c.. to enjoy'
fat'
:: character'
c:.:. governor'
.::^ happily'
.. mad'
Lession 22/211
PlP
t.:=.tt .c : c. .rc. c:.. :. .:c:
-~ .:/.. :.c.. ..c ..: .: t.. t. ..:
.:c..:cr :..-., :../., ..c..:-c, .c:c, .c:, ..=,
:c^ .::.:. ..cr ::c. t.:=.t. ... .r:.
.c/-. .c/-rc. t.:=.t c:.:. :.. :.:. :.c.:
.:tc:^. :t c.r./:^. :.. ..c. .c_:c.,
.::..c..
t.:=.tt :.c.: -c..: :c_.t ccc :.
c:.c., t./-., .:. .:ctc., :..=t ..:cc. t.
c_.c.... r.:trc. .c::c. tc., :-.t,
c:tr., /c/, rc..-, ..c.../c -cc., .rc.
.c..c. = c:... :-:c. :.. ..t.:, -r.=
.:.c/, ..=. t.c:c.., .t.c:., tc:.
. c. . c . . c:: c . :.: , c _ ./ - . .
-.c:.c/r-c.. ..t.: :.. -~ .:c:. :. :.:.
::. .:.c/ :.:t .. t:~t -:c. ..=.
:.tcc.... r.::.. t.c:c... t:.. ....
..:c... --. .:c..cc:. .rc. .c..c. ..c
.::-c.... t::.c..
t.. :. t./- cccc... .c. r.^. ::t.
c :c:/r t. t../.c.. c., t..:c:, cc,
c::ct, .-.:, c::tc~= ..c::c t:/-. t.
:.:.. :..c:/r-. .~, -...., -t.:..
..c:: .t:cc. .. t:c. .c.c.. :..::.. :.:
..t :cc. -;: :.: .:c.... :..:./
o - 22 :-c.. ::..:/-.. ...c .-c.. .ccc:,
t.t: ..c::c. :..=t -t... .:. r./-..
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t..:. tc .. .::. t.. :.t t. :.: :c.
:.c.: ..:^ .-:. ...c. :.tccc.., /r..c , t...
.., .c:. ..c, .: ct..: -c..c/:c, :c:.
t:cc:, -... tc:c.., /r.:.t -./ ..c::c.
..:c.. .:c: -:c: :. :.: :c..: ::.:.c'
: t.. .c.. .c:/ .c:. t... .., .c:...c,
:. :c:. t:cc:, .: ct..: -c..c/:c, c....:c.
-.c:.r.=, ^c.: t:.:= .:. :. c:.:c tc.:c
-c. = :c.... c..
t.:=.t .^=t c.c tr.. :. -c~ :/r
:. c:./-. .c-:^ rct.:. tr.c:c .c ..
/~/-. .:., :..trc., .-:c, t..c..:/-. t.~
:/r .:c/. -.c. /~/-. .:.c... t.~,
.c., t:/ t:.:=./-. :~/cc... . ^c~/-.,
.rc.. /c .:. c. t:.:=., r..c... tc
t:.:=., .- / :.c.. . -....c.. c t:.:=./ - . .c /- r c.
t /:ct: ./ c c . : : . -. .: t /:ct: . t/ - . :.
t.:=.t :. .:/. .: -c~ :. = -c~.
.c.:-. :./c, :./, r. ..c:: .c/-. .-c...:.
:., .ct, t:., .c: ..c:: :~/-. :. :.:.
:.. ..: .:/-cc t:.c, t:., :.c/., :c:.,
t. = .:/- .c.. t:/ :/. ..- .:::.t
.-tr-c:^.
t:.c .:/ .rc. .c t.c.:. .c. -. -t.
Lession 22/213 212/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
t.c:^. -.. tc:.:/c .c. tcc...::c. :. .c.
.cc: rr.... -c c. .c:.. :.
:/-/ r :t=. :c:. .:/ .c/..- .c..
-t. t. ..: .:::c:/... :.c/.: .:/ r..
.- -t. t. .c:c .-tr-c:^. t:.:/r -t.
:tc:^.
.c:.., t.~./.c. t.:=.t ^c:./-.,
.c..c, .:/cr- -.c..:c~/-..
.c/-rc. t.:=.t c:.: :/r r./c. :.
-..t t.c :. t:.:=./-. :. .:.-. c:.
t:c..:=.c.... .:. . .:. .:. c:. :. .c.:.
.rc., ..-, .c/-rc., /../:= ::c ..: .~/-..
.rc. ..: .~ :/r ::c t.c. .c :. .c..c
c:.:c..:^:.. ..- .:c t.:=.t ..: .~ :/r
::c t.c. .c/-rc. tc:- t.:=.t ..: ::c
t.c. :. ..:: .cc. :.
t.:=.t ..: tc/-/ :... :.:..
t.:=.t :.' .c. r :.c.rc.. : :-c..:..
:r-, .t.., .::.., -...., ...rc., cc...c.
.:./-. = :.c.. .-c.. .:c/-.. .::.c, /../=,
c:c..rc., :.cc/.~/-.c. /r../.../-., /:=/-.
...c. :.:. t .. t:~t. :~.-/r-.
/r...:c. :t:c: ./ -.::^.
t.:=.t. .:c. .:.:.c../-. .rc..
.rc. .:.:.c.., t.:=.t c:. ..t .:.:.c..,
.c/-rc.. .c/-rc. .:.:.c.., t: .:.:.c..,
c:../:c: -.c.. .:.:.c.., :c:. t.:=.t
.:.:.c.. .:. t: .:.:.c.., /../:=. /.../:=
.: .:.c.., .c/-rc.. .c/-rc. .: .:.c..,
:r/. t.c. .:.:.c.., :..trc.. :..trc.
.:.:.c.., .:/.tr..c... :r../:ct .:.:.c.. .:.
.-/:c.. .:.:cc.. ::c.t .:.:.c../-. -.
:.cc... ::. .:.:.c.... :cc.c:^.
t.:=.t ..: .- c:^, .:, :r.-, tc, :r/c, t.., t::,
., :.-, /rc. ..c:: :~. .-/-..
Cs
1. PV zU U :
c_. :c_.t
.::. ::t
:.: :.:t
c: :c.t
.r/r.- .-/r.-t
:t~ :t~t
2. gzxU U :
:c. X :-.
:..::. X /c; .:
.: X -.:
.c_: X t.c_:
-:c X t..
.: t/:ct X ~ t/:ct
3. PV UU Gvj :
1.l t.:=.tt .c : c... ;
1.! t.:=.t .:c: c..: :-.. ;
1.1 t.:=.t ..: .: c..:. ;
1.+ t.:=.t. ..c c..: .: .::.:. .. ::c ;
1. t.:=.t. .. .c/-;
1.: t.:=.t :.:. .^;
1. t.:=.t .. .c:c. ;
1. t.:=.t c_.c.... c..:c. c..:c. r.::c;
1. t.:=.t t. c:...:. c. .-.
1.l -~ .:c:. :.:. :: t.:=.t c:.
c..:c.;
1.ll c..:c t:.. .... ..:c... --c....c. ;
1.l! t. t. t./- c.. .-;
1.l1 .t:cc. .c t:c. .c.c. c..:c. ;
1.l+ :.: .:c.... :..:.. ..t :-c.
c..:c.;
1.l t. .:. tc ..:=t t. c..:c. ;
1.l: t.. c..:c. c..:c/ ::.:.c : .c:;
1.l t.:=.t. .. /~ .. ;
1.l .:.c...c. t:.:=./-. c..: ;
1.l :~/c, r.., .rc..c. t:.:=./-.
c..:;
1.! t.:=.t -c~/-. .-c... .c.:-.
.c/-.. .-.
1.!l t.:=.t ..: .:/-. c..: ;
1.!! t.c.:.c... c..: .:/ -t. :tc:^ ;
1.!1 t.:=.t ^c:./-., -.c..:c~/-. c..:;
1.!+ .rc. c..:c c:.:c..:^:. ;
1.! t.:=.t :.'c.. .:./-. .. ;
1.!: /r... ./ ..;
1.! t.:=.t.c. .:.:.c../-. c..: ;
1.! t.:=.t ..: .-/-. c..: ;
4. Ppt zU Cx :
-.c:.c 'immortal'
-t. 'dam'
-.c. 'ore'
-.c..:c~ 'game sanctury'
-- to measure'
:. .::. ' spoken language'
:: 'beginning, first'
:-. 'to bring down'
.:::. 'to produce'
:.- 'cardamom'
:c. 'to raise'
t..:^ 'bitterly'
tc 'bengal Gram'
t.~ 'iron'
t.. sugar cane'
tc:- ' costal'
t:.:=. 'factory'
t:. 'bison'
t::. 'to protect'
t:c..:=.c.. 'secretariat'
t:c. .c.c. 'revolutionary men'
t../.c. 'patron saint'
t/:ct 'industry'
:. 'mineral'
/c . t:.:=. 'Sandalwood oil factory'
^c:. 'hill station '
/r.c. 'cashew'
.t 'unit'
.. 'gold'
.c: 'cheeta'
-t.. 'frame'
::. 'caste'
.ct 'deer'
:r.- 'jowar'
.. 'to correct'
:./ teak'
.: ' dense'
rct. 'available'
r. 'flaw'
:ct ..:cc. 'religious leaders '
.::. 'itenerant'
.^=t 'natural'
ccc 'tradition'
.. 'mature'
: 'award'
r.:. 'to nourish'
r.::.. 'to encourage '
.cc. 'harbour'
.: t/:ct 'large scale industry'
.c.:-. 'valuable'
.: 'paddy'
.. 'level'
.: 'religion'
.:c 'model'
...c. 'to transcend'
c.r./ 'worthy'
c:^ ragi'
..: tc ' fine arts'
cr. 'lapse'
:~. 'commercial'
..- 'electricity'
.:. c: 'legislative council'
.:.. 'legislative assembly'
.:.:.c.. 'university'
c:. 'wealth'
.:. .:ctc. 'social reformers'
.::..c. 'tolerant'
:.:. 'kingdom '
.c_: 'cultured person'
..:: 'well equipped'
:c: ./ 'stone idol'
.:tc 'congenial'
.::- 'benificial'
.c- 'in plenty'
r. yellow teak'
. 'cotton'
. ^c~ 'cotton mill'
: 'weather'
Lession 23/221
Pq s
..: :. .:/. t.: .c.. ::c .rc.
..: .:/-cc :..-., :../., ..c..:-c. :..-. .:c..
.c:c :... :. .:c..cc t..
t. .:/ -:c: -c.. :.:.. ..:c. -:t
.rc.. ::.:..c... t. .: .-tc...:c. .:cc.
-.:c.. .:c. :c ../ -c. t. .:c.. r.
::ccc .. ::.. :. .cc.. .. .c. /:..
-c. = ::. t:. -.:. +. :c. t. :./-. :/r
c.c.... t:~....
.: c: .c.. -. t:.:c t:.t .c:/.::
r./.:. t. .:c..r t:.:c t:.t .c:/.::
.c:. t. .:c.. .c: cr.. /.....trc.
-.. :.:t:^ r:== -/., -/., ../.
.:. :.t t. .c. .:.. .://-:^ .:cc.
..:^:c.
r= -/. t:. ::./- t:.. ::./-. /.
t. .:c.... /.....trc. :.. ::./- .:
.cr tcc...::c. ..:c. :.. ::.:.:c .c.:..
::.:.c/ :c -: :. = -:c... t.:=.t.
.c-: ::./-. -.
-/. t:. :.. ::.:.:c .rc.. ::.:.
tc..c/. = -:c... -: /c;/-. rc.c. c,
o - 23 r., c..c: t./-c.. = .c... t. ..c
c_: .: -.c..:^:.. c.: .:.: .:c....
.-.. -c:. .c.. ct.::^:..
../. t:. .c.. ::.:.:c :rc.:..
::.:.c/ :. = -:c... t. .: :.c.:
.c:/ .-.:.. c_: .: t..c..:/.c
:r:/ :..::. . .-t/ .c:r^:.. c.: .:. .:
.t:cc., t..:c:, =. ..c::c t/ -
:.:.c/r -;=:/. :/ .c:/rc.:.. .:c..
cr. .:. :tc~ c.... .c:/-:.
::.. ::.:. :.... .:c.... :.t t.
.c. tcc...::c. -/. ./ c_::c .:/rc.:r.
:/ :.t t. :c^, ..= .:/-c .:/rc..
:c^. :t~ .:c:. :cc./rc:/ r ... t..
:cc.::.:.. ::c.t :t~ :cc., ::t :tr..,
:::: :.: .: :c: .c t. .: r cr..
:.:.. :.t c.:tcr :c. :. t./-.
:..::.. .-..:c. .:c..c... /c; .::.,
.r.:. .::.:.. .c. -.:c.. .c: t .-c.....
:.t t.. .:c. ..:/-. :/-..
.r.:. r.:^ .rc. t., .c/-rc. t., :c:
t. .:. /../:= t. .c. ..:^.... .rc.,
.c/-rc. :/r ::c -. t.:=.t. .::.:.
..: .rc. t.. .rc. t. .c. c..c... :
.:/ .c.. .r .:./-. :c. .-. t.tr
:tr . ::... tc:- .:. .::.:.
..: .c/-rc. t.. = ..:c.. ..c :.-. :/r
trct~ .:/- .:.. .:c. t.:=.t -;: ..-,
:c:, .-/:. .:. .::.:. ..: :c:
t.. = ..:c.. ..c .c:c .:c.. .:..
.::.c, /../:=, ..c, c:c..rc. ..c:: c:.:
t.:=.t. .::.:. ..: t.. =
..:c.. ..c . ..= .:c.. .:..
t. .: :c. -:c: .;= .:c..:^ .-. c..
:t~ .:.:^, ::t .:c..:^ :-: .:c..:^
:c_.t .:c..:^ -.. .-. .:.:c ....
Cs
l. t-^. :/-/ .:c.
l.l ..: :. .:/-. c..: ;
l.! -:c: :... :. .: c..:. ;
l.1 t. .: ... ::.:.:c ::c. .:cc.
-.:c.. .::c ;
l.+ t. r. ::. c..:. ; -c t:. .. ;
l. t. .:c.... .. .://-:^ ..:^...;
- c..:; -/- t:. c..:. ;
l.: :.t t.. .. ..:/-;
2. Ppt zU Cx:
-. 'too much'
-;=:/. 'to understand'
/../:=
-.:c.. opinion'
-: period'
:-: .: administrative language'
::c source'
:cc. begin'
:.... recent'
..: dialect'
.-. undergo'
-:t A.D'
t. work of art'
/.. attention'
/c; book'
/:. village'
.:.:c responsibility'
... t. life style'
::c.t :t~ technical education'
../. medieval kannada'
c... principle'
. pride'
.: influence'
.. variety'
c.: scholar'
:::: :.: western literature'
r= -/. pre old kannada'
- mature, learned'
.:. acceptable'
.r..r: fundamental'
cr shape'
:: difference'
:tc~ grammar'
:tc. sentence construction'
..: peculiar '
.:c scholar'
..:^. to divide'
::t :tr.. scientific outlook'
ct.: symbol'
.;= capable'
.r .:. mass media'
cr form'
:.:.c. ordinary people'
r.:^ in brief'
:. sound'
::. inscription'
:t~ .:. educational medium'
: .: standard language'
-/. old kannada'
o - 24
i vg AUw C
.c/-rc. ./c c..: .:/: :c. :/- :./
.c-:.. c..:c. c..:c.. ..t:cr r....,
...c/ rc :t.... ....c. ./.:~/-..
t.trc. tc. -.-.... :. /c. ../ ..^ :t.
:r.c :/-.. ... .c ..c...c..c: .r.
t.trc. c:c... .:.... :c; t:tr.tc :-c..
.c. ./c:/-/ ct .. ;. t:=..
.c.c.r t:=c:c :.. :^. t.:=.t
c:.:c...c... :c; .c..:.t c.c..:c c:. ::c
.://-.. .:.. .-.. ... r., ./c ..:ctc
.:. .:c. /.. cr. tc~ ./c:/-.
..c..c. :./c t~/c -c-: ..t.. ./::..c.
.:.:. :. :../ .:c. :.c.. cr. tc~. :.
.c.c ::cc. tr.c.c/. .:c... .:.. .c:
:/c:.t ..c.rct ..^ :.c:c. cr. .cc.. :;=/-..
r..trc. :. r.c.. .c. :./- .c:c, ::.-cc.
/c/..-c..., .c.c .ccc. ..c.../c .:c...,
-. :. .: t:=cr. :.. :c;. tc~/-.
.. ~ .. -c:/-/. ../ ..c.. ... .c.
r..c/ = /.. cr./:cc.. .... .::
::^.. t- ::c.. .c.../c .:/. :.c.
::c/-.. r.c. :.c. r.c :cc.. ..c....
r..t:^ ..t rc :c::c :~ :c..t::.:..
trc ::tc. :.c/r :c..:c: t:~.:..
.c . r.t c/ -/ :t: c . c. . .
::r.^c. :c:. c. c..: ct:ctr .:. :c. c/.
-.. (c:-.c.., :::~, . l!. l!)
Cs
l.l t-^. /-.. . c: :t/-.. .-.
...., ./.:~, tc.-.-., c:c... .:., .c..:.t
c., ./::..c. .:.
l.! .=:.c: .c:.c.
.c/-rc. ./c c..: .:/: :c. :/- :./
.c-:.. (into positive)
....c. ./.:~/-.. t.trc. tc. -.-....
(into prohibitive)
:./c. ../ ..^ :t. :r.c :/-.. ...
.c ..c...c..c: .r. t.trc. c:c...
.:.... (split into simple sentences)
.:.. .c: :/c:.tc. ..c.rc.. ..^ :.c:c. cr.
.cc.. :;=/-.. r..trc. :.r.c. (change
into double negative without changing meaning )
t:= cr. :.. :c;. tc~/-. ..
(negate)
l.1 t-^. .c.:;= /-.. /.. -/-.. . c:
:t. .-.
.:. X -.:.
.c-: X -.c-:
/.. cr. X c:. cr.
:/c:t X c.:
1.4 PV UU Gvj.
.c/-rc. ./c :c. c..:c :./ .c-::^. ;
t:tr.tc :- :.. .:.. ;
t:=c t:tr.tc .c. ..c/ ct ...
::^c... ;
..:ctcc... . cr. tc~ ..c.. tc~ ;
tr.c.c/. .:c... :/c:tc. :.. .:.c. ;
..t :t :~ :c..t::.:. ;
2 Ppt U Cx
-c: `crime'
-.c-: ùn protected'
:/c:.tc. `strangers'
:c: `stabbing'
tc.-.-. `to take to ones heels'
t:= `duty'
t `snatch'
t:tr.tc. `lawless'
trc::tc. `murderers'
t~/c `diasaster at every moment'
:t. `knife'
rc `knife'
./::..c. `proclaim to the world'
:./c `daily diasaster'
o - 25
P qU
.:.. .::.:... t.- t../c. .tc .c. .c..
.^c...; :cc.. . .:c.... t.- -c. ./.::c
.. . -c :r: .t. ... :c c.::./-:/.... .
c..: .c. ./... c..:c:. :c ..:., .
.:: .: . . . t .c. .. .t: c . .c c. . c : r:
.::.:.c .r.t..
..c .:c.... .:^ .::.:... cc:c
-.::cc. t.c....t.. c..:cr :. .:, .cr r
.:c.... .::.:.. t.... . ..: .c..cc .c.
:c .:. :.. .: .: .:... . .ct:.c .
:r: .::.:.c .::.. /.. :/ . .. :.
.:..c .. .:.:. .c. .-c...:. t.c. ::
.:. :. c .c. .-. ../- ct=.. ... ..::c.
-c;c. :. :.. c.tr-.r :., .:c.... .:^
t.c...r :..
t. /r.. :c. .. -..t .. ..:c. ::c. -c.
:.: .-t/:^ t. t.c....t:^:.. .. .c .c. t.
t.c....tc. : :, t. .c. t.-c.. .:.. t.:r^,
..:c ..:, ../, .:., .c ..c:: /-.. r.
:. .-tr.. .:c.. :. .:.. t. -=. -c.
.c.c.. -c/ -/-.. ::t...tr-.. cc...
:c... :cc r /-.. t.c...:/ cc...:c:c,
:- :r.c, . .: t.c...:/ .: ..:. cct
rc:tr-. ..cr. .c:^ -t:^ t... .:.
.:.tr-.
r.. `to loot'
./c:/-. `citizens'
./.:~ `jewellery and cash'
.c.c. `to perform'
tc~ ìncident'
.... `to protest'
: `detection'
c:c... èscape'
::c/-. `pedestrains'
:.. `share'
.c.r.tc/-. `lawless men'
.: èxtension'
.. `to beat'
.c. `to threaten'
.c..:.t `horrifying'
.:/ `part'
../ .. ìnnocent people'
.r. t.. `pack up'
:cc. `riders'
:t:c `punishment'
/.. cr. `day light robbery '
:. /.. `broad day light'
. t.c...:/ :c/-. c-:^., ./ .:.::^
t:~.... ..: ..... ..c :c.... .c::..
-.:.:.. t; .-... t.:.c. c.:/-..
.-trc. -t :tc: -..:.. c.=/-.. :trc.
..cc..c. ..c: .:..
. :. .:.c:r :c... -t c:^c. r
.: t.c...:/ . .r:=c:/...c, .: t-.tr-...c.
. / :../ =:/ .. .c. - t c: : c. .:c:^c. r
.:c.rc.. t.c.... .. .: t-.tr-.-c:
.:..
r .:c.... t.c...:/ .:::.. :.c
.cc...c -:t::... :c -:t:/-/ :t :/ ./
:..t.... ~ ~ .t/-., c..:t:.t/-. .:.
:=.:. .t/-.. .r... rr.. :.c.: t:/.:.
r. c:. :;..t ::c: .t/-., c:t;/-.,
:=.t :cr./, .: .: rc: .c.r./t
.c.:. :=.:. .t/-. rr.. t:cr .-
c.r...t:c. -/- .r.t . :. : .c../-..
.=.. ..t: r r /-. . :. .c:ct .c.:.
-:t:^c: . c... .-.... .c. -;=
.: ..cc... -;=:/ :c c... .r...
. t.: .:c.... .c~/c... . .-. -t::
:.. r./.... t.:=.t . ..:/ t:/
.cc...:/ t.c. .c:.c. .c~/ ./ :: .::..
:c. tr.:. ... -.c..c.:^ .:.:.
tc..:^ .c. .::. :.c.: t.. .: t..:.c.
:cc t.: .:c.... .cc...... :tcc .:c....
t.c.... .. t:. .cc.... -. ....
Cs
1. PV UU Gvj.
l.l .::.:... t.c.... ./ ;
l.! t.c. .:c.... :t .:^ t.c...:. ;
l.1 r /-.. ./ t.c....t. ;
l.+ :... -.: .:.t .c: .t/-.
.c...t;
l. .c~/:.c:/. c.r... :.. ;
2 Ppt U Cx
-:t: `necessity'
::.:: `confidence '
.ct `caution, conscious'
/.. `to notice '
.: `dignity '
.=. `to discuss'
::t `memory'
:. `mistake'
c:t; `mythological story'
:. : `daily'
Lesson 25/231
./:... `laughing stock'
c.. `dictionary'
c..:t:.t `periodicals'
cc:c `constantly'
c.:: `discourage'
:c.. `determination'
... `memory'
cc ènvironment'
c.r... ùsefulness'
:;..t `primary'
.c~/ `writing'
.:.: `childish'
.c.. `fear'
.: àgain'
.r:= `fool'
.. `to appreciate'
..: `peculiar'
c.= ìncident'
-.c.. `local'
.: `situation'
ct= `contact'
. `problem'
cc... `patience'
c- `simple'
c.tr-. `set right'
:. `to create'
:=.t `general / public'
:. .c:c `vocabulary '
c: `stage'
..c `background'
rc. `to adjust' / 'to possess'
Part II / 235
PART II
SCRIPT
Mostly hand movement in Kannada is anti clockwise. But
there are stray instances where the clockwise movement is also
seen. The letters in this book are arranged into a group on their
shape similarity and contrastive perception. The arrow mark
and the numbering show the beginning and the direction of the
movement.
The consonant in kannada possess an inherant vowel - a.
This is generally marked by (talakaTTu). But there are
some letters which do not have talakaTTu. The pure consonant
is marked by (halant)
- r consonant.
- r+a combination

g F
P Ai gh
o
1
2
o
1
2
3
1
2
3
4
4
2
1
3
1
2 4
3
1
2
3
4
5
c
c
" circle" otherwise known as "anuswara" indicates a nasal
consonant corresponding to the following consonant.
The words and sentences to practice.
Note that The above words and sentences are formed by
using the letters introduced in this lesson.
= is the only vowel introduced here.
This is the secondary sympbol of vowel =. The box
indicates the primary consonant. The combination of = with
consonants are realised in the following examples.
=c tc tcc
= tc
= tcc
c + = = c.
c + = = c.
t + = = -.
c.. + = = :..
c. + = = c..
Circle
ra Tha ii
ka ya Jha

GROUP 2
The vowels introduced in this group are The
Secondary symbol of C ( ) is already dealt in the previous
lesson. The secondary symbols of the other vowels are given

below.
Words and sentences for Practice
C, D, G, H.
Part II / 237
: c: c:c..
. .. t:..
. .r :.rc.
:. :.c..
.c.. t:.c : :.c..
.c. :tc = .c.
t:. cr.. = :.c.. : .c :.c..
1
D
1
2
C
1
2
G
1
2
H
1
2 3
Combine the following
c + : = ............
c + : = ............
t + : = ............
c.. + : = ............
c. + : = ............
c + : = ............
c + . = ............
c + . = ............
t + . = ............
c.. + . = ............
c. + . = ............
c + . = ............
c + . = ............
c + . = ............
t + . = ............
c.. + . = ............
c. + . = ............
c + . = ............
la a aa
u Uu
Part II / 239 238/Kannada A Self Instructional Course
GROUP 3
No vowels in this group
Words and sentences for practice
+ = = ............
+ = = ............
; + = = ............
+ = = ............
+ = = ............
+ : = ............
+ : = ............
; + : = ............
+ : = ............
+ : = ............
+ . = ............
+ . = ............
; + . = ............
+ . = ............
+ . = ............
+ . = ............
+ . = ............
; + . = ............
+ . = ............
+ . = ............
z
1
2
zs
1
2
3
x
1
2
4
3
q
1
3
2
qs
1
3
2
4
:c tc
t rc ::c
c; c trc.
= c; .c c;
=c c:c..c tc
.c.. :.c.. t tc
da dha tha
Da Dha
GROUP 4
The vowels introduced are . The Secondary
symbols are given below.
The combination of these secondary symbols with the
consonants are given below.
., :
. t:..
: . .
+ . = + : = .
. +. = . . + : = ..
+ . = + : = .
J
1
K
1
2
1
2
1
2
b
1
2
3
. ..c. : .c :. .c
.c c..:.. -. -c c..:..
. .tc .:. .:c..:c.
c t:..
:t
Observe the following combinations.
+ = = ..
. + = = ...
+ = = .
+ : = :
. + : = .:
+ : = :
+ . =
. + . = ..
+ . = .
e ee va
ma cha
GROUP 5
The vowel introduced here is is the combination of
a+i, which is normally called dipthong. The secondary symbol
is given below :
The combination with other consonants :
:. :
: c.
- :c ... :cc. t
. . c. cc:.c .c
: .c. :c.c
c:. ..c
-. : .c .
Observe the following combinations :
+ = :.
+ : = :
+ . =
+ . = :
+ . =
+ : = .
+ : =
=
1
4
1
3
s
1
3
4
2
2 5
3
1
4
5
3
2
L
1
2
+ : =
+ : =
+ : =
+ : =
pa pha sha
gha aee
GROUP 6
The vowels introduced here are is the
combination of a+u, which is a dipthong like :. The secondary
symbols are given below.
., :, :. :
Words and sentences
. :. t.. .c. :c :..
:. : .c. cr::. tr.
.. .cc -. -c :c.
c + . = ...........
c + : = ...........
c + : = ...........
c + . = ...........
c + : = ...........
c + : = ...........
c.. + . = ...........
c.. + : = ...........
: + . = ...........
: + : = ...........
: + : = ...........
. + : = ...........
+ . = ...........
+ : = ...........
+ : = ...........
+ : = ...........
+ : = ...........
. + . = ...........
M
1
o
N
1
oo
O
2
au
1
d
1
ja
2
. tr trc
: tr. tr.c.
: t- t-c
GROUP 7
Words and sentences
. + = = ...........
+ = = ...........
. + : = ...........
+ : = ...........
+ : = ...........
+ . = ...........
. + : = ...........
. + . = ...........
+ . = ...........
: + : = ...........
. + : = ...........
. + . = ...........
1
ba
s
1
bha ca
3
2
Z
1
4
2
3
.t ct . c:.. :c .c
.c.. .:.t c. .: .rc. trc. trcc..
.: :.t -t t.. .c....
GROUP 8
. + - = ...........
: + : = ...........
. + = = ...........
: + = = ...........
. + . = ...........
. + : = ...........
: + . = ...........
: + . = ...........
. + . = ...........
: + : = ...........
. + : = ...........
l
1
Ta
v
1
ta
2
:. :c .:c. :c.tc
:r.. ::: .r..r
:. :. .:.. ::c
-. c:c..c :r...
-cc.. . .c.. .:.. :c.
2
GROUP 9
The vowel in this lesson is . The secondary symbol is given
below :
c + : = c
+ : = .
c.. + : = :.
+ : = :
+ : = ~
. + : = .
: + : = .
. is not used as a graphic representation.
"circle" when followed by palatal sounds functions as .'
e.g. c., .c, tc..
:. :c. . :c.
:. .c~ tr.
:c. :c...c.. :c :::..
: :~ :c..
:
E
1
i
k
1
na Na
3
t
1
: c t.c
GROUP 10
/ + = = ...........
. + = = ...........
+ : = ...........
/ + . = ...........
. + : = ...........
+ : = ...........
. + . = ...........
+ : = ...........
/ + : = ...........
/ + : = ...........
U
ga
./ ./ /c/ //.
c .::. /c .c.cc
c/ .r.. /c.
.c/ : :
-/ /:.c.r.^ .c. .c.. :.
:/ : .: .r...tc. :.
.rc. .cc: ./c.
1
2
2
na
1
2
sa
1
3
2
GROUP 11
.- ::.. :.. t-ct
:-. :. r -:
.- :.. .-. t-:
:- r.c :.
: ... c. /-c.
.- .cc .-.
::c. /-. :. .cc.
- + = = -.
: + : = ::
+ . =
: + : = :-
- + : = -
+ : = r.
+ : = .
1
La
Sa ha
1
GROUP 12

a. is the vowel introduced in this group of letters. a. is a
Sanskrit borrowed sound found only in Sanskrit borrowed
words. The secondary symbol is given below. Although it is
treated as a vowel in traditional grammar it functions as a
consonant.
Observe the follwoing combinations :
: + a. = :
+ a. =
+ a. =
Words and sentences for Practice.
:/ :c: a.: :::. ..:
:c t a.:. :~ a.~.:c -c:.tc~
a.:..:. -c:..c
visarga has the àh' sound value
t: .:... t:t.
.:c: .: c:.: ..
:..c/ /-c :ctc ::c :c.
:.. .. t::.:c c:~.
R
kha
1
I
ri
4
3
B
"Visarga"
2 2
1
2
2
2
a. t t:
Primary letters along with the secondary symbols of
vowels are introduced so far. Now let us see the secondary
symbols of the consonants. The secondary symbols of the
consonants are also grouped into three categories. viz.,
1. The secondary symbols similar to the primary letters but
smaller in size.
2. The secondary symbols which show a little deviant forms
from that of the primary ones.
3. The secondary symbols which have completely different
shape from that of the primary ones.
The secondary symbols of the consonants are written below the
primary letters.
Group I
: + . = . -.
. + . = . ..
+ ~ = ~ -~
. + . = . .
+ = -
-., t./, t~., t.., :r
../, r., ., .r., .:..
-. -./ t::c.. .:.-..
-. tr.- r. :c. tr..
.c. t~/ ., .c. t~/ .~.
.. . /c:. t.- :..:.
- .. .c:. .c. :.-..
Group II
t + t = t -t
/ + / = / /
+ = .
+ =
+ =
- + - = - t-
+ = :.
+ = ..
.t-., ./, .., /, /., .-., -, ...,
tc, ../.t::., -c, t:c.., ., .-.-, t..
-t. .t-/ t.. ..t..
/./. :^ .^ .c.... t.:.
. ..:^ .:::..
.... .. .. tr. r.:.
: .. .c. .c..- :.c..
t- .-. .-.
- - .c. .cc..
../ :. .:.t ... .:c..
Group III
: + : = : t:c
. + . = . t.
. + . = . :.
c.. + c.. = c.. -c..
c + . = . ..
:.:rc, .., ..., tc..:c, t.., t:..,
.., .:c, .c..., t.c/..
t: .. trcc.. :.c.. ;
..:c -. .. .c. :c ::.:..
:.c.. .. ... .t.
-.c.. c..:c:c .c..:cc... t.-:-..
.. ~ t-.trc. -. :. ..--..
The secondary symbols are given below with directions.
1 1
1
The homegeneous clusters of the consonants were
introduced so far. Now let us see the heterogeneous clusters.
Whenever the cluster is pronounced, the first pronounced letter
will be the primary one and then followed is a secondary one.
: + = . .c
. + . = . t..
+ ~ = t
/ + . = / :/.
: + . = . -.
::c, -., .., -tc, .::, c, :.
t :../ .c .c:.
.. t.:^ -:c.
: :tc. :.c.: .-c..c..
:.c: .::/-. .:c:. ::c.
: + t = : ::c
+ / = :
: + = : :c..
+ = .
+ = .:c
Please note that the aspirated (mahaprana) consonant
can never appear as primary consonant in a cluster. It always
appears as secondary memeber.
..:c, .:c, , .::., :/:., ., -,
.:, :., :., .:., ., ::..
c:.t:c~/-. .c .:c .::.:.c..
.c. .. .:c :/c..
-c/ ::c .:.c ../ .:c .-.::c.
-- .:c t.- ..c..:-c..c. :.
+ : = : .:
/ + . = / ./
+ . =
+ c.. = ~ .:~
. + c = . ::.
c + c.. = c..= c rc..= ; rc
t., ct, c:, c.-~, .~, t:c..=
Note that c has two secondary symbols.
Part II / 257
g

occurs after the primary consonant in pronunciation eg.

taamra ::..
occurs before the primary consonant in pronunciation.
eg. Surya rc..=. This can also be written as rc.
but one must be careful in writing words like -c
(-=). If c' becomes smaller in size, then it looks
odd.
.. .:..: ct t /-. :.
c:-/ ./ c..: .:.c..
-/ c.::.. .c.t :..
: - -:, .:c.. - -.:c../-. .c/ /r:..
:...t ..:c....
:c c .c ::. rc.. :cc.
t:=c ::... .c..:=:.c .:::.c
t:c..=/-. .c.c.:..
Three clusters are seen in Sanskrit borrowed words. But they
are less in numbers. A few words are given below for example.
..t, -_:, .:, c:
.=/:.., c_., .

Though the vowel sound occurs lost in a three consonant cluster
unit like c:, . etc., the written representation has the vowel
symbol added to the first consonant and the other two written
below the primary letter in the order in which they are
pronounced.
Letters of the Kannada alphabet in the traditional order
ti
- : : = . . a. . : : . : : -c -.
t : / .
. c. .
. c ~
: ; .
. . .
c.. c . : -
.' is not introduced as it is not functional in its full form.
Lesson II /259

Kannada Abhivruddhi Pradhikara

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lesson. The secondary symbols of the other vowels are given

occurs after the primary consonant in pronunciation eg.

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