Name:_____________________ Blk:_____

Basic Skills
Basic Skills
Order of Operations
When solving problems with multiple operations, follow BEDMS:
BEDMS
Examples:
Solve
!" # $ % & ' ( )
%" ' * +!, ( !%- $ ,
#" +, ( #-
%
$ ! & ) ( .
/" %0 $ /
%
1 # ( %
," %0 $ /
%
1 +# ( %-
Sum ( the answer to an addition problem
Real Number Set
Diference ( the answer to a subtraction problem
Product ( the answer to a multiplication problem
Quotient ( the answer to a division problem
Basic nte!er Operations Revie":
#ddin! nte!ers:
Addition Division
Subtract
ion
Brackets
Multiplicati
on
Exponen
ts
2223f the signs are the same, 4n5 the sum an5 the sign sta6s the same"
+$- $ +$- 7 +$- positive +$/- $ +$#- 7 +$.-
+8- $ +8- 7 +8- negative +8)- $ +8,- 7 +8!!-
2223f the signs are 5i9erent, 4n5 the 5i9erence an5 take the sign of the largest number"
+$- $ +8- 7 +$-:+8-sign of the larger number
+8- $ +$- 7 +$-:+8-sign of the larger number
Subtractin! nte!ers:
55 the opposite"
;hange the subtraction <uestion b6 keeping the 4rst integer the same an5 a55ing the opposite secon5 integer" =hen
follow the rules for a55ition"
+$/- ( +8)-7 changes to +$/- $ +$)- 7 +$!0-
+8.- ( +$>-7 changes to +8.- $ +8>- 7 +8!,-
$ultipl%in! and Dividin! nte!ers:
When the signs are the same the answer is positive +$-"
When the signs are 5i9erent the answer is negative +8-"
?ositive +$-
1:
*
?ositive +$- 7
?ositive +$-
1:
*
Negative +8- 7
Negative +8-
1:
*
?ositive +$- 7
Negative +8-
1:
*
Negative +8- 7
E1amples:
+(%- $ ' / ( # $ % +(,- $ ' $ +(/- +(!0- $ !) $ +(/-
+ ()- $ . ( % $ # % ( !0 $ !) $+( #- +(>- $ > +(#- ( +/- ( +!-
) ( +8'- +(/- $+(!!- + (>- (+(!#- + ( .-( +(>-$ ,
+(/-+(#- />

+()- (%+/-+)- (!,+%0-

+!!-+()- >!* +('-

'
#)
/
%/

#
- 0 + /
#
!. > #%*+8/- $ % 1 +8#-

#
!,
.
/'
+80">- $ !"% * +80"#- 1 !",7
+#"%- ( 0"' * @0". ( +8!"%-A
%
7
+8#".- 1 +8%"> $ !",- ( /"> * +8!"%- 7
Operations "it& 'ractions Summar%
#ddin! 'ractions Subtractin!
'ractions
$ultipl%in! 'ractions Dividin! 'ractions
8 need a common
5enominator
8 write e<uivalent fractions
with the common
5enominator
+whatever 6ou 5o to the
bottom 6ou must 5o to the
topB-
8 a55 numerators onl6
8 5enominator sta6s the
same
8 need a common
5enominator
8 write e<uivalent fractions
with the common
5enominator +whatever 6ou
5o to the bottom 6ou must
5o to the topB-
8 subtract numerators onl6
8 5enominator sta6s the
same
8 do not need a common
5enominator
8 multipl6 numerator b6
numerator an5
5enominator b6
5enominator
8 can simplif6 then multipl6,
or multipl6 then simplif6
8 do not need a common
5enominator
8 multipl6 b6 the reciprocal
+reCDipCrocal-or Eiss an5
Flip
8 can multipl6 then simplif6,
or simplif6 then multipl6
(eneral Rules:
!- When working with mi1e5 numbers, write as improper fractions 4rstB
%- n6 whole number can be written as a fraction with 5enominator !B
#- Write all 4nal answers as mi1e5 numbers or proper fractions in lowest termsB
E1ample:
2
1
4
+1
2
3
E1ample:
3
1
2

3
4
E1ample:
2
2
5
5
1
4
E1ample:
6
1
2
3
1
2
Proportions and Ratios
)* Gou can solve a ratio b6 setting up a proportion" proportion is a statement that two ratios are
e<ual"
E1" 3n a bo1 of re5 an5 blue Hell6 beans, the ratio of re5 Hell6 beans to blue Hell6 bean is /:,"
3f there are ,0 blue Hell6 beans, 6ou can 4n5 the number of re5 Hell6 beans using a proportion"
Iet r represent the number of re5 Hell6 beans"
=hen r:,0 7 /:,
Fraction Form:
r
50
=
4
5
=o 4n5 the value of r, 4rst isolate r b6 multipl6ing each si5e of the proportion b6 ,0"
,0 &
r
50
7 ,0 &
4
5

r=
200
5

r=40
=here are /0 re5 Hell6 beans"
+* Solve for 1 using cross multiplication"
6
x
=
36
44
,* # wa6s to write the same ratio:
a" ) to ., ):.,
6
7
b" ________, >:!', ________
c" # to !! , ________, _______
-o"est .ommon $ultiple
=he smallest common multiple of two or more numbers is calle5 the lowest common multiple +I;M-"
E1ample: Fin5 the I;M of > J #
Multiples of > are >, !), %/, #%, K
Multiples of # are #, ), ', !%, !,, !>, %!, %/, K

3n general: =o 4n5 the lowest common multiple +I;M- of two or more numbers, list the multiples of the larger number an5 stop when 6ou 4n5
a multiple of the other number" =his is the I;M"
Fin5 the I;M of ' J )
Fin5 the I;M of ) J .
Fin5 the I;M of % J ,
Fin5 the I;M of !0 J !!
Fin5 the I;M of !% J !>
/&e (reatest .ommon 'actor
=he greatest common factor of two or more whole numbers is the largest whole number that 5ivi5es evenl6 into each of the numbers" =here
are two wa6s to 4n5 the greatest common factor"
!" =he 4rst metho5 is to list all of the factors of each number, then list the common factors an5 choose the largest one"
E1ample: Fin5 the L;F of #) an5 ,/"
=he factors of #) are )0 +0 ,, /, 10 2, !%, !>, an5 #)"
=he factors of ,/ are )0 +0 ,, 10 2, !>, %., an5 ,/"
=he common factors of #) an5 ,/ are !, %, #, ), ', !>
lthough the numbers in bol5 are all common factors of both #) an5 ,/, !> is the greatest common factor"
%" =he secon5 metho5 for 4n5ing the greatest common factor is to list the prime factors, then multipl6 the common prime factors"
IetMs use the same numbers, #) an5 ,/ again to 4n5 their greatest common multiple"
=he prime factoriNation of #) is % 1 % 1 # 1 #
=he prime factoriNation of ,/ is % 1 # 1 # 1 #
Notice that the prime factoriNations of #) an5 ,/ both have one % an5 two #s in common" So, we simpl6 multipl6 these common prime factors
to 4n5 the greatest common factor" Iike this"""
% 1 # 1 # 7 !>
Fin5 the L;F of:
#% J />
/0 J ,0
)) J .%
'actor -ist for Numbers )3)44
;omplete the following for a complete list of all factors for numbers one through one hun5re5"
) ! +1 !, %, !#, %) 5
)
!, #, !., ,! 61
+ !, % +6 5
+
66 !, ., !!, ..
, !, # +7 !, %, /, ., !/, %> 5
,
67 !, %, #, ), !#, %), #', .>
8 !, %, / +2 5
8
62 !, .'
5 ,4 !, %, #, ,, ), !0, !,, #0 5
5
74
1 ,) !, #! 5
1
7) !, #, ', %., >!
6 !, . ,+ 5
6
!, #, !', ,. 7+
7 !, %, /, > ,, 5
7
!, %, %', ,> 7,
2 ,8 !, %, !., #/ 5
2
!, ,' 78 !, %, #, /, ), ., !%, !/, %!, %>,
/%, >/
)4 !, %, ,, !0 ,5 !, ,, ., #, 1
4
75
)) !, !! ,1 1
)
71 !, %, /#, >)
)+ ,6 !, #. 1
+
!, %, #!, )% 76 !, #, %', >.
), ,7 !, %, !', #> 1
,
77 !, %, /, >, !!, %%, //, >>
)8 !, %, ., !/ ,2 !, #, !#, #' 1
8
!, %, /, >, !), #%, )/ 72
)5 84 1
5
24 !, %, #, ,, ), ', !0, !,, !>, #0,
/,, '0
)1 8) !, /! 1
1
!, %, #, ), !!, %%, ##, )) 2) !, ., !#, '!
)6 !, !. 8+ !, %, #, ), ., !/, %!, /% 1
6
!, ). 2+
)7 !, %, #, ), ', !> 8, 1
7
2, !, #, #!, '#
)2 88 1 !, #, %#, )' 28 !, %, /., '/
2
+4 85 !, #, ,, ', !,, /, 6
4
25
+) 81 !, %, %#, /) 6
)
!, .! 21 !, %, #, /, ), >, !%, !), %/, #%,
/>, ')
++ !, %, !!, %% 86 6
+
!, %, #, /, ), >, ', !%, !>, %/,
#), .%
26 !, '.
+, !, %# 87 !, %, #, /, ), >, !%, !), %/
,/>
6
,
!, .# 27 !, %, ., !/, /', '>
+8 !, %, #, /, ), >, !%,
%/
82 6
8
22 !, #, ', !!, ##, ''
+5 54 6
5
!, #, ,, !,, %,, ., )4
4