Chapter 13

Section 3: Energy
Standards

Standards 3: Motion and Standard 4: Forces
Demonstrate the relationships among work, power, and
machines
Investigate the Law of Conservation of Energy
Objectives
1. Explain the term energy giving examples as well as
relating energy to work
2. Define potential energy and give examples
3. Solve gravitational potential energy problems
4. Define kinetic energy in terms of the factors that affect
it
5. Solve kinetic energy problems
6. Explain the term mechanical energy in terms of where it
comes from
7. Explain how living things obtain energy
Energy!!!
We use all kinds of energy
Energy is
The capacity to do work!
Whenever work is done energy is transformed/transferred!
Types of energy: Chemical, mechanical, electrical, solar, wind,
nuclear, ect!
Energy is measured in
Joules!! (J)
What else is measured in Joules?
WORK!!!
So work is a form of energy!
Objective 1: Explain the term
energy giving examples as well
as relating energy to work
POTENTIAL Energy!!!
Energy of position! Stored energy
Results from relative positions of objects in a system
Two types
Elastic potential potential of a stretched band or spring
Gravitational potential stored energy that results from the
gravitational attraction between objects
GPE!! (PE)
Depends on mass and height!
Formula =
What is g?
Acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s
2

Objective 2: Define potential
energy and give examples
Calculating!!!
Gravitational potential energy problems only give
Mass and height
YOU MUST REMEMBER TO MULTIPLY BY g!!!
Calculate the gravitational potential energy of the
following:
A 1200 kg car at the top of a hill that is 42 m high
A 65 kg climber on top of Mount Everest (8800 m)
A 0.52 kg bird flying at an altitude of 550 m
Objective 3: Solve gravitational
potential energy problems
Kinetic Energy!!!
The energy of motion!
Results from the motion of objects
Can come from the potential energy an object has
Depends on two variables
Mass
Velocity
Formula =
1
2
m
2

Which variable does KE depend on more? Why?
Velocity because it is squared
Objective 4: Define kinetic
energy in terms of the factors
that affect it
Calculating!!!
What is the kinetic energy of a 44 kg cheetah running
at 31 m/s?
What is the kinetic energy of 1500 kg car moving at 67
m/s
What is the kinetic energy of an 2.4 kg apple that falls
a distance of 3.4 m in 1.4 s?
We must calculate velocity first!!
Objective 5: Solve kinetic
energy problems
Mechanical Energy!!!
What do you think mechanical energy is?
Energy of a machine but it isnt!!!
Mechanical energy is the SUM of the POTENTIAL ENERGY
and KINETIC ENERGY in a system!
Also known as the AMOUNT of WORK we can do as a result
of PE an KE!
Everything has energy even atoms!
Atomic energy is sometimes called non mechanical energy
Most all energy comes from some form of kinetic and potential
energies!

Objective 6: Explain the term
mechanical energy in terms of
where it comes from
Where Does Energy Come
From?!
Where do living things get energy?
From food (PLANTS)
Plants get energy from the sun
So ultimately all energy comes from the sun
The sun gets energy from nuclear fusion reactions (non-
mechanical energy)
Small masses are converted into large amounts of energy!
Energy can also be stored in magnetic and electric fields
Light is a form of this type of energy
Objective 7: Explain how living
things obtain energy