Variables

The most important part of the experiment is the

variables. Its important that you only test one
variable at a time. This way you can be sure its the
one thing that caused the changes!

variable : a factor that can affect the results of an
experiment

There are three kinds of variables - independent,
dependent, and the constant.
Variables
Independent Variable (IV): What the researcher
changes, test variable
Dependent Variable (DV): The result, what is
measured to show change, outcome variable

Constant Variables (CV): Everything besides the
IV and DV must be kept the same.

Control Group - the group thats not tested,
normal group
Variables
example : How does wing shape affect flight
distance?
IV: wing shape
DV: flight distance
CV: paper size, paper type, location, weather,
launch force, launch angle

Control group: normal wing shape
Hip Hop Variables
Directions :

For homework, complete the hip hop
variables worksheets. Read the
scenarios and respond to each scenario.

Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 1

Lupe Fiasco wants some help creating new lyrics for his songs. He hires
three songwriters named Jaquan, Jose, and Alicia to help him write. He
heard that Jay-Z was selling a special lotion that can heighten the amount
of work you can produce, so Lupe bought a batch from him. He wants to
test the lotion on the three new songwriters. He gives Jaquan none of the
special lotion. Jose uses the special lotion once a day and Alicia uses the
special lotion twice a day. All three songwriters were able to write one song
a week before joining Lupes team. Lupe reviews their productivity after
one month of treatment. After one month, Jaquan is still writing one song a
week. Meanwhile, Jose is writing three songs a week and Alicia is writing
four songs a week.

Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 1

1. What is the control group?
A : Jaquan who is not using the special lotion.
2. Identify the independent variable.
A : the number of days that the special lotion is
used
3. Identify the dependent variable.
A : the number of songs written per week
Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 2

Now that Beyonce is a mother, she is far too busy to respond to all her
fan mail herself. She decides to hire a team of 12 people to help her
respond to her fan mail. Her husband, Jay-Z, mentions that if she were
to play her songs for them while they worked, they would be more
motivated to get more done. She doesnt necessarily think it will work,
but decides to give it a try. She divides her staff into two groups of
six. Group A works in silence. Group B works on the piles of fan mail
while she plays songs from her musical collection. At the end of the
workday, she reviews the results. Group A responded to 425 pieces
of fan mail, while group B responded to 300 pieces of fan mail.

Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 2

1. What is the control group?
A : the group working in silence
2. Identify the independent variable.
A : playing music while counting fan mail
3. Identify the dependent variable.
A : the number of pieces of fan mail responded to
Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 3

Usher has been noticing that his backup dancers seem very sluggish. He wants to
set up an experiment to see how he could help them get their freshness back. He has
a total of 24 backup dancers on his tour, so he divides them into three groups of
eight. He decides to make no changes to Group A, and allow them to continue their
regular routine of dancing all night, and going out after the show with irregular
sleeping patterns. Group B, however, is asked not to go out after the show and
return to their busses to relax, getting at least eight hours of sleep a night. Group C
is also asked not to go out after the show and get at least eight hours of sleep, but
are also asked to exercise at least 30 minutes when they wake up. After a week of
their new schedules, Usher decides to watch recording of the next three shows in his
bus. He notices Group A is as sluggish as ever. Group B and Group C look very
fresh though and complete the show with as much energy as they started.

Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 3

1. What was Ushers initial observation?
A : He noticed that his backup dancers seem sluggish.
2. What is the control group?
A : Group A (dance all night, irregular sleep patterns)
3. Identify the independent variable.
A : double variable (amount of sleep,exercise)
4. Identify the dependent variable.
A : how sluggish the dancers were
Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 4

Rihanna has four backup singers, but she has noticed that with her busy
schedule, their voices are wearing out. She sees a commercial for a tea
designed for singers and public speakers that guarantees to soothe the
throat and reduce your voice from cracking by 50%. She decides to buy
the tea and experiment on her backup singers. She reviewed recordings of
her concerts and counted that her backup singers voices cracked an
average of eight times a show. She then asked two of the singers to take
the tea twice a day for a week. She didnt change the routine of the other
two singers. After a week, she noticed that the voices of the two singers
who didnt use the tea still cracked and average of eight times, while the
two singers who used the tea only experienced this six times.

Hip Hop Variables
Scenario 4

1. What was Rihannas initial observation?
A : She noticed that her backup singers voices were wearing
out.
2. What is the control group?
A : the group that didnt drink the tea
3. Identify the independent variable.
A : the amount of tea the singers drank
4. Identify the dependent variable.
A : the number of times the singers voices cracked