DR.

Hidayat Sujuti, PhD

CARBOHYDRATE
FATTY ACID
Carbohydrate metabolism
Diabetes Mellitus
Pyruvate Glucose
ATP
LIPID
AMINO ACID
Lipid metabolism
LIPID :

- ORGANIC COMPOUND
- INSOLUBLE IN WATER
- SOLUBLE IN NON POLAR SOLVENT (ether, chloroform, benzene)




BIOMEDICAL IMPORTANCE :

1. EFFICIENT ENERGY SOURCE
2. ELECTRICAL INSULATOR
3. CELL MEMBRANE
4. LIPOPROTEIN

TG
TG
FL
LIPASE
MG MG
FA FA
LFL
MISELE
EMULSION
GARAM
EMPEDU
INTESTINE LUMEN INESTINAL CELL
SER
RER
MG
LPL
FA
MG
TG FA
FL FL
APO-
B48
CHYLOMI
CRON
FAT ABSORPTION AND CHYLOMICRONS FORMATION
HDL
NASCENT CHYLOMICRON
COLIPASE
Lipid transport
PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN
LIPID : INSOLUBLE
TRANSPORTED AS EMULSION
EMULGATOR (BIPOLAR) : FOSFOLI
PID ; KOLESTEROL ; PROTEIN.


1. CHYLOMICRON
2. VLDL = VERY LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
3. LDL = LOW DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
4. HDL = HIGH DENSITY LIPOPROTEIN
PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN
1. CHYLOMICRON : TG >>>
2. VLDL : TG >>>
3. LDL : cholesterol >>>
4. HDL : protein >>>
PLASMA LIPOPROTEIN COMPOSITION
TG & KOLESTEROL ESTERAPOPROTEIN ,PHOSPHOLIPID
( PHOSFATIDILCHOLINE / SPHINGOMIELIN ) , FREE CHOLESTEROL

SMALL
INTESTINE
B-48
TG
C
TG
C
B-48
A
A A
C
E
EXTRA
HEPATIC
TISSUES
LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE
E
A
C
HDL
Nascent
Chylomicron
Chylomicron
PC
B-48
E
PC
C
Dietary TG
GLISEROL
FA
Cholesterol
Fatty acids
LIVER
LDL (apo B-100, E) receptor
Chylomicron remnant (apo E) receptor
CHYLOMICRON METABOLISM
CHYLOMICRON REMNANT
( SISA KILOMIKRON )
VLDL/LDL METABOLISM
LIVER
EXTRAHEPATIC TISSUE
EXTRAHE-
PATIC
TISSUE
B-100
TG
C
C
E
NASCENT
VLDL
B-100
TG
C
C
E
B-100
TG
C
E
IDL
( VLDL REMNANT )
B-100
C
LDL
(VLDL REMNANT )
PC
C
E
A
FATTY ACIDS
CHOLESTEROL
VLDL
GLISEROL
FA
LIPOPROTEIN LIPASE
APO C
?
LDL (APO B-100,E)
RECEPTOR
LDL (APO B-100,E)
RECEPTOR
HDL
HDL METABOLISM
Fatty acid oxidation
BETA OXIDATION
O
R-CH2-CH2C-OH FFA


O
R-CH2-CH2C~S-KoA ASIL-KoA
ATP + KoA-SH
AMP + PPi
MITOCHONDRIA MEMBRANE
O
R-CH2-CH2C~S-KoA
O
R-CH=CH-C~S-KoA --ENOIL-KoA
FP
FPH2
OX RESP
2ADP 2ATP
OH O
R-CH-CH2-C~S-KoA
ASIL-KoA DEHIDROGENASE
--ENOIL-KoA HIDRATASE
H2O
=

O O
R-CH-CH2-C~S-KoA -KETO ASIL-KoA
NAD
NADH + H+
OKS RESP
-HIDROKSI ASIL-KoA
3 ADP 3 ATP
-HIDROKSI ASIL-KoA DEHIDRO-
GENASE
KoA-SH
O O
R-C~S-KoA + CH3-C~S-KoA ASETIL-KoA
SAS
ATP
TIOLASE
MOBILISASI FFA
CHOLESTEROL
KETONE BODIES
I
II
III
IV
V
Ketogenesis and ketolysis
KETOGENESIS & KETOLISIS
STARVATION, DIABETES M.
FA MOBILISATION OX ENERGY
KETOGENESIS
KETOGENESIS = KETON BODIES SYNTHESIS (LIVER)
KETOLYSIS = KETON BODIES CATABOLISM (TISSUE)
KETON BODIES : -HYDROXYBUTIRATE, ACETOACETATE,
ACETONE.
LIVER
EXTRA HEPATIC
TISSUE
eq. MUSCLE
FFA


ACYL-CoA
ACETYL-CoA

HMG-CoA

ACETOACETATE

3-HYDROXY-
BUTYRATE

NADH + H+
NAD+
ACETYL-CoA

ACETOACETYL-CoA


ACETOACETATE


3-HYDROXYBU
TYRATE


SUCCINATE OAA

SUCCINYL CITRATE
-CoA
CYTRIC ACID CYCLE
TRANSPORT OF KETONE BODIES
FROM THE LIVER
NADH + H+
NAD+
THIOLASE
CoA -
TRANSFER
ASE
Fatty acid biosynthesis
CH3-CO-SKoA
ASETIL-KoA
-
OOC-CH2-CO-SKoA
MALONIL-KoA
CO2
HS-PAN- -Cys-HS
HS-Cys- -PAN-HS
-- -Cys-S-C-CH3
-- -PAN-S-C-CH2-COO
-ENZ-ASIL ( ASETIL MALONIL )
O
O
KoA
KoA
- -CyS-SH
- -PAN-S-C-CH2-C-CH3 ENZ-3-KETOASIL ( ENZ ASETOASETIL )
CO2
3-KETOASIL SINTASE
- -CyS-SH
- -PAN-S-C-CH2-CH-CH3 ENZ.-3-HIDROKSI ASIL
O O
O O
NADPH + H+
NADP
+
- -Cys-SH
- -PAN-S-C-CH=CH-CH3 ENZ.-2,3-ASIL TAK JENUH
3-KETO ASIL REDUKTASE
HIDRATASE
H2O
- -Cys-SH
- -PAN-S-C-CH2-CH2-CH3
NADPH + H
+
NADP+
NADPH :
HMP -
ISOCYTRATE DEHIDRO
GENASE
MALIC ENZYME
ENZIM-ASIL
PALMITAT
7 X
( Cn ) /PALMITATE
BIOTIN
ENZIM
CARBOHYDRAT
PROTEIN
Acyl glycerol biosynthesis
(CELL MEMBRANE)
(ADIPOSE)
(CELL MEMBRANE)
Cholesterol metabolism
CHOLESTEROL FUNCTIONS :
1. STEROID HORMON & REPRODUCTION HORMON SYNTHESIS
2. VITAMIN D SYNTHESIS
3. HORMON KALSITRIOL SINTESIS
SOURCE OF CHOLESTEROL :
1. EXOGEN DIET/ CHYLOMICRON
2. ENDOGEN SYNTHESIS (HEPAR VLDL)
KOLESTEROL SKLEROSIS
CHOLESTEROL (C
27
H
45
O) SYNTHESIS FROM ASETIL-KoA
BIOSYNTHESIS KOLESTEROL :
CYTOPLASM OF ALL CELLS, HEPAR >>>
SYNTHESIS :
ASETIL-CoA
HMG-CoA REDUCTASE
MEVALONATE

ISOPENTINYLPYROPHOSPHATE

SQUALENE

LANOSTEROL

CHOLESTEROL
CHOLESTEROL CATABOLISM
BILE ACID



TOTAL CHOLESTEROL 200mg%
LDL
- WITHOUT CHD & <2 RF 160 mg%
- WITHOUT CHD & 2/>R F 130 mg%
- WITH CHD < 100 mg%
HDL
- WOMAN 45 mg%
- MAN 35 mg%
TG 60-160 mg%
-ketoglutarate :
Glutamate, Glutamin,Proline, Hydroxyproline

Oxaloacetate :
Aspartate, Asparagine

3-phosphoglycerate :
Serine, Glycine

Serine Cysteine
Phenylalanine Tyrosine

Protein degradation produce amino acid
ubiquitin
protein
proteosome
PORPHYRIN
PORPHYRIN
HEME
DIRECT
BILIRUBIN
INDIRECT
BILIRUBIN
THANK YOU