(Modals do not have s in the third erson sin!"lar# Meaning Modal Sentence A$ility %an & %an't & $e a$le to (resent# %o"ld & (as)(ere a$le to (ast# She can play the iano) $"t she cant play the dr"ms* She could play the dr"ms (hen she (as yo"n!er* Advi%e sho"ld & sho"ldn't o"!ht to had $etter & had $etter not +o" should see the movie Avatar* +o" ought to go to ,"%o's -a."eria on /enderson Rd* +o" had better study for the test0 1e%essary have to have !ot to m"st +o" have to eat yo"r ve!eta$les to $e healthy* +o" have got to get eno"!h slee to $e healthy* +o" must sign yo"r name on yo"r driver's li%ense* 1ot 1e%essary don't have to doesn't have to -hey dont have to buy a se%"rity system* /e doesnt have to buy a do! for her $irthday* 2rohi$ited m"st not +o" must not leave the ho"se (itho"t lo%3in! the door* Ass"mtion (affirmative# 4556 m"st have (!ot# to may mi!ht) %o"ld 56 Dad must be home $e%a"se the do! is $ar3in!* /e has got to be home $e%a"se 7 heard the %ar door sh"t* She may have a ne( 8o$ $e%a"se she $o"!ht ne( %lothes* /e might be !"ilty* /is fin!errints (ere fo"nd on the !"n Ass"mtion (ne!ative#
4556 %an't) %o"ldn't (imossi$le# m"st not may not mi!ht not 56 /e cant be dead $e%a"se he is ri!ht over there0 +o" must not understand the ro$lem sin%e it is (ron!* 9e may not have eno"!h mil3 for dinner* /e might not go to the arty sin%e he doesn't feel (ell* F"t"re 2ossi$ility may (may $e# mi!ht %o"ld 9e may go to E!yt in the fall* My arents might go (ith "s to :aan* /e could win the ra%e if he ra%ti%es a lot* -hese modals are to e;ress a%tions that (ere !ood ideas in the ast $"t did not haen* -hey sometimes %omm"ni%ate a sense of re!ret or $lame* Modals form: MODAL + have + ast arti%ile Meaning Modal Sentence Advisa$ility in the 2ast Re!ret or Blame sho"ld have & sho"ld not have o"!ht to have & o"!ht not to have %o"ld have mi!ht have 7 should have taken that 8o$ at the ne( %omany* +o" ought to have gone to the movie (ith yesterday* She could have talked to her mother last (ee3* /e might have done a $etter 8o$ than that* -hese modals are "sed to e;ress real or "nreal ossi$ilities a$o"t a ast sit"ation* Modals form: MODAL + have + ast arti%ile Meaning Modal Sentence Se%"lations (ast ossi$ilities# may have mi!ht have %o"ld have An%ient E!ytians may have taken years to $"ild yramids* -hey may have been very intelli!ent eole* -he an%ient yramids could have been se%ial $"rial %ham$ers* ,on%l"sions m"st have had to have My dental aointment (as very lon!* -he dentist must have had e;tra time to %lean my teeth* My teeth had to have been terri$ly "n%lean* 7mossi$ility %o"ldn't have /e couldnt have been the m"rderer $e%a"se he (as home (ith me0