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Chapter 6 Section 2 Outline

Chemical Reactions
Main Idea: Chemical reactions allow living things to grow, develop, reproduce, and adapt.
Essential Questions:
What are the parts of a chemical reaction?
How can energy changes be related to chemical reactions?
What is the importance of enzymes in living organisms?

I. Reactants and Products
A ___chemical_____ __reaction______ is the process by which atoms or groups
of atoms in substances are reorganized into different substances.
Chemical ___bonds__ are broken or formed during a chemical reaction.
Clues that a chemical reaction has taken place:
Production of ___heat_ or __light___
Formation of a new __, ______, or _____
Substances can also undergo physical changes, which change the appearance but
not the composition.

A. Chemical Equations
In written chemical equations, __chemical______ __formulas______
describe the substances in the reaction and ___arrows___ indicate
the process of change.
___reactants______ are the starting substances, on the left side of
the arrow.
__products______ are the substances formed during the reaction, on
the right side of the arrow.
Reactants Products
The arrow can be read as yields or react to form.
Balanced equations
In chemical reactions, matter cannot be __created
_____ or _________.
This principal is called the _law__ of
__conservation__________ of ___mass_
All chemical equations must show this balance of mass.
The number of _atoms____ of each element on the reactant
side must equal the number of _atoms____ of the same
element on the product side.
C
6
H
12
O
6
+ 6O
2
6CO
2
+ 6H
2
O
Glucose and oxygen react to form carbon dioxide and water.

Get It? Explain why chemical equations must be balanced. ___________________because
matter cannot be created nor
destroyed______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________

Calculate the number of atoms of each element in the chemical equation below. Record the
information in the table.

CH
4
+ 2O
2
CO
2
+ 2H
2
O

Element Symbol Element Name Number of Atoms
(reactant side)
Number of Atoms
(product side)
c carbon
h hydrogen
o oxygen

Analyze is the equation balanced? ______cant see no glasses__________


II. Energy of Reactions
Activation Energy
The minimum amount of energy needed for reactants to form products is
called ____activation _______ ___energy___.
Some reactions happen rarely due to the high activation energy required.
Energy change in chemical reactions
Reactions that release energy in the form of heat are
____exothermic______.
As a result, the energy of the product is ____lower_ than the
energy of the reactants.







Reactions that absorb energy in the form of heat are
______endothermic_____.
As a result, the energy of the product is ____higher__ than the
energy of the reactants.







III. Enzymes
All living things are driven by _____chemical ___ ___reactions______.
Additional substances are needed to reduce activation energy and reaction time
in living organisms.
A ___enzyme is a substance that lowers the activation energy needed to start a
chemical reaction.
Catalysts do not change the amount of ___product____ produced, nor are they
used up during the reaction.
Special proteins called __enzymes_____ are the biological catalysts that speed
up the rate of chemical reactions in biological processes.
Most enzymes are specific to one reaction.
The reactants that bind to an enzyme are called ___substrates_______.
The specific location where a substrate binds on an enzyme is called the
___active___ ___sight_.
Factors such as _ph._, __temperature_________, and other
___substances_______ affect enzyme activity.