nino nakani

samkurnalo mcenareTa saxelwodebisaTvis qarTvelur enebSi

(m r a v a l Z a r G v a )
enaTa (resp. eTnosTa) urTierTmimarTebebis kvlevis dros bgeraTSesatKvisobebisa
da enobrivi struqturebis Sedarebis garda aucileblad gasaTvaliswinebelia saxel-
debis principebi, vinaidan monaTesave xalxebis enobrivi xedva-aGqmis sistemebi Ziri-
Tadad msgavsia (t. futkaraZe - 1996-148).
Cveni mizania samkurnalo mcenareebis daniSnulebisa da saxeldebis principebis
Seswavla-Sepirispireba qarTvelur enebSi. es naSromi ki exeba erTi mcenaris _ mra-
valZarGvas _ saxeldebis princips.
Cven erTmaneTs SevupirispireT dasaxelebuli mcenaris saxelwodebaTa variantebi
da samkurnalo daniSnuleba saqarTvelos sxvadasxva kuTxeebis monacemebis mixedviT.
qarTveluri masala SevudareT kavkasiur enebs; agreTve somxurs, berZnuls, sparsuls,
rusuls, azerbaiJanuls∗ ...
specialur literaturaSi samkurnalo mcenare _ mravalZarGva _ Semdegnairad
xasiaTdeba: `mravalZarGva (laT. Plantago majori) mravalwliani mcenarea, 3-7 rkalZar-
Gviani foTlebiT. Kvaviledi TavTavisebria. gavrcelebulia mTel kavkasiaSi. gamoiKe-
neba yrilobebidan sisxldenis SesaCereblad, kuy-nawlavis daavadebaTa samkurnalod,
Cirqisagan wmends Cirqovan gamonaKarebs da sxv~ ( n. sabaxtaSvili _ 1983).
ioane bagrationi Tavis `sabunebismetKvelo ganmartebiT leqsikonSi" imave mcena-
res ase axasiaTebs `...mravalZarGva ese ars mravalZarGvebiani, moKviTalo bususiT da-
faruli da aGmocenebuli mravalTa gurgalTa da ufoTloTa GeroTa, foTolni mis-
ni... grZelni, brJguni, gatkecilni, SvidZarGvianni da grZelKunwianni, axalni foTol-
ni mravalZarGvisani gankurneben futkris naCxvletsa da fxis naCxvletsa da sxv.
(i. bagrationi _ 1985, 168).
`mravalZarGva" dasturdeba sxvadasxva leqsikonebSi, Zvel samkurnalo karabadineb-
Si...
qarTuli enis dialeqtebSi Semdegi viTarebaa:
a y a r u l S i dasaxelebuli mcenare gamoiKeneba Cirqovani gamonaKarebis _ `brumoe-
bis" gamosarwKavad... saxelwodeba dasturdeba ramdenime fonetikuri variantiT, rom-
lebic momdinareoben sitKva-forma `mravalZarGvasagan": `balaGverZa" (a. m.), `beraZar-
Gva" (a. m.), `balaZarGva"(a. m.).
i m e r u l S i : qvemo imerulSi dasturdeba _ `bambaZarGva"(a. m.). faqtia, rom aq
arsebiTia ZarGvebze miTiTeba, xolo kompozitis pirveli nawili _ `bamba" sitKva
`mravals" ukavSirdeba formobrivadac da daZarGvuli Zafiani foTlis asociaciiT
bambadaa warmodgenili _ sakvlevia. zemo imerulSi _ `bravalZarGva" (a. m.): `braval-
ZarGva balaxia, wnian, axmoben da mere, roca kuyi eeSlebaT, wamalia pirdapir. mra-
valZarGva ixmareba fucukis gamosarwKavaT" (q. ZoweniZe _ 1974).
m o x e u r S i , m T i u l u r S i , f S a u r S i , x e v s u r u l S i dadasturebulia: a)
`lavarZaGa" (a. m.) (← ravaZarGva ← mravalZarGva) da b) `cxraZarGva" (a. m.); rogorc
besarion JorbenaZe miuTiTebs, `cxra" mravlis sinonimadaa gaazrebuli (b. JorbenaZe).
x e v s u r u l S i dasturdeba mesame variantic _ `mogzaura"(a. m.)
k a x u r S i , q a r T l u r S i , m e s x u r S i , J a v a x u r S i fiqsirdeba Semdegi saxiT:
`lavaZarGva" (a. m.), `mbravalZarGva" (a. m.), m e s x u r S i mesame variantia `lavarZar-
Gva" (a. m.), k a x u r i kilos qiziKur TqmaSi gavrcelebulia forma `lavarZaGva"
(←ravarZaGva ← mravalZarGva): `lavarZarGvas foTols adeben yrilobaze, iaras ar-
Cens, Cirqs wmendso" _ ganmartebulia qiziKur leqsikonSi (s. menTeSaSvili _ 1943).
g u r u l S i : `ZarGva-ZarGva" (a. m.). aSkaraa, rom simravlis semantika fuZis gameo-
rebiTaa gamoxatuli.
i n g i l o u r S i `mravalZarGva" fiqsirdeba Semdegi variantebiT: a) `sahKiz foTo-
li" (a. m.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `kevis foToli", b) `kiko foToli" (r. GambaSiZe _
1988) _ sitKvasitKviT: `ToJinas foToli".
Tu qarTuli enis dialeqtebis monacemebs SevadarebT, aSkaraa, rom mcenaris sa-
xeldebis dros ZiriTadia balaxis ZarGvebsa da maT (ZarGvebis) simravleze miTiTeba.

∗
masalis Sedarebis dros daxmareba gagviwies irine asaTianma, ciala abulaZem, magali Toduam, rostom fareu-
liZem, Temur gvancelaZem, mixeil qurdianma, nodar ardotelma.
 x e v s u r u l S i dafiqsirebuli mravalZarGvas saxelwodeba `mogzaura" SemTxveviT
Tanxvdeba rusulis `C%ä%!%›…,*"-s. Tu motivacia sakuTriv xevsurTa xedva-aGqmiTaa
Sepirobebuli _ sakvlevia.
i n g i l o u r i s variantTagan `kiko foTol" _ sitKvasitKviT: `ToJinas foTo-
li" motivaciiT emsgavseba daGestnur enebSi dadasturebul variantebs.∗
zanuri enis kiloebSi:
a) yanurSi `mravalZarGvas" ewodeba `balazaGi" (a. m.) _ es sitKva formobrivad
SeiZleba daukavSirdes dasaxelebul samkurnalo mcenares. meore variantia `SqviTda-
ma" (a. m.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `SvidZarGva"; `dama" Sdr. Turq. `damar" _ `ZarGvi"
(SqviTdamar → SqviTdama procesebze KuradGeba migvaqcevina i.asaTianma).
b) megrulSi dasturdeba: `maJarGvia" (a. m.), `maJerGvalaa" (a. m.), `maJarGvaia" (a.
m.), sitKvasitKviT: `meZarGvia". dialeqtologiis institutSi daculi masalebis mixed-
viT igi gamoiKeneba Zirmagarebis, muwukebis samkurnalod, kargia sisxldenis SesaCe-
reblad (sof. qvaloni).
s v a n u r S i `mravalZarGvas" saxelwodebis ramdenime varianti gvxvdeba, romlebic
sxvadasxva mcenared dafiqsirebulia arsen onianis wignSi: a) `mˆZ‰rGvŒlºmaJarGŒl"
(a. o.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `meZarGve".
arsen oniani ase axasiaTebs am samkurnalo mcenares:
`mˆZ‰rGvŒl balax li, qanaqvicisa iduwalx, maSri mˆJŒdra balar x‰r, dambal li.
al balaxs ZarGvi lˆqaC m‰ras xadŠsx i ji loq xexCovi lˆqaC Z‰rGv" (a. o.) _ `mra-
valZarGva (meZarGve) balaxia, gadayrilSi iweleba, farTo mogrZo foTlebi aqvs. da-
balia. am balaxs ZarGvgayril kacs adeben da mourCebao dayrili ZarGvi".
b) `mudwŒl" (a. o.) º`mudruwa" (a. o.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `weladi" arsen oniani:
`mudwŒl _ ale dambal, gimji lˆpertKave balaxel li, naqvicisa qaidwi" (a. o.) _
`weladi _ es dabali, miwaze garTxmuli balaxia, gadayrilSi iweleba".
g) `SvarS bale" (a. o.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `nawKenis foToli". arsen oniani: `Svara
bales maSri bale x‰r TuTunSal i Tx…imTe naGald taroS‰l isKŠne SdaS‰l. ale ba-
lax lˆqaCi jagar loq li" (a. o.) _ `nawKenis foTols farTo foToli aqvs TuTuni-
viT da Gerosken tarosaviT ikeTebs, es balaxi dayrilis wamaliao".
warmodgenili aGwerilobis mixedviT, Cveni azriT, SesaZlebelia arsen onianis mi-
er aGweril balaxTa identifikacia erTi dazustebiT: `Svara bale _ zedmiwevniT:
`nawKenis foToli" da `mˆZ‰rGvŒl" varianti _ zedmiwevniT: `meZarGve", aris mraval-
ZarGvas farTofoTlovani varianti, xolo `mudrwa" _ sitKvasitKviT: `weladi" _
viwrofoTliani varianti.
mravalZarGvas zemoT dasaxelebuli variantebi a. maKaSvilis bot.leqsikonSic
fiqsirdeba. gansxvavebulia forma `muxvtel" (a. m.) _ sitKvasitKviT: `momspobi", xo-
lo Cveni moZiebulia forma _ `Kˆrw", zedmiwevniT: `Kunwiani"...
rogorc vxedavT, svanurSi ramdenimenairi motivacia dasturdeba; ZiriTadia Zar-
Gvebze miTiTeba. araZiriTadTagan romelia nasesxebi sxva enobrivi samKarodan da ro-
meli _ sakuTriv svanur niadagze ganviTarebuli, samsJeloa; faqti erTia, rom ingi-
louris `sahKiz foTol" (`kevis foToli") da `mudruwas" (`weladi") Soris garkveu-
li motivaciuri msgavseba Cans.
`Svara bale" _ sitKvasitKviT `nawKenis foToli" emsgavseba afxazurisa da vaina-
xuri enebis motivacias (ix.qvemoT).
Cveni kvlevis am etapze gancalkevebulad gvidgas `muxvtel" _ zedmiwevniT: `mo-
mspobi".
saintereso suraTs iZleva qarTvelur enebSi dadasturebuli motivaciebis Sepi-
rispireba sxva enebis monacemebTan.
a f x a z u r S i : afxazuri enis abjuur da bzifur dialeqtebSi mravalZarGvas sa-
xelwodebaa: a _ x°ˆrbGkˆc `mravalZarGva" ← a - x°ra `yriloba" ← a - bGkˆc `foTo-
li, furceli". abazuri enis aSxarul dialeqtSi: a-x°ˆrTaƒ°S° `mravalZarGva" ← a -
x°ˆrTa `yrilobis adgili, iara" + a - ƒοSο `wamali".
C e C n u r S i mravalZarGvas saxelwodebaa `dinberg" _ zedmiwevniT: `cxenis floq-
vi", xolo qistur dialeqtSi _ `h´ŒZulg faTar" _ zedmiwevniT: `Citis foToli".
dadasturebulia `Covbuc" _ sitKvasitKviT: `yrilobis balaxi": `Covbuc _
C%ä%!%›…, * K3*"=ëü…% >!=…= 2!="=", “3. %L , ë, “/!%L *ë=ä32 …= !=…3".(h.`ë, !%å" # 1991,
52)

∗
xvarSiulSi: a) sak. xvarSiulSi: oyokos (←*oyokos) l'ib _ zedmiwevniT: `ToJinas foToli" (Sdr. oyo _
`ToJina") b) inxoKvar. dial.: qidilas l'ib" _ `ToJinas foToli" (qidila _ `ToJina" _ zedmiw.: `gogona").
 didourSi: a) qidur TqmaSi: `xero+miSaSa…ni l'eb~ _ mravalZarGva, zedmiwevniT:
`ZarGvveniani foToli"; b) Saitlur TqmaSi dasturdeba: `bokus ozuri" _ zedmiwev-
niT: `Jixvis Tvali".
h i n u x u r S i : `xelobiSas l'ebu" _ `ZarGvveniani foToli".
x v a r S i u l S i : a) sakuTriv xvarSiulSi: `oyokos l'ib~ _ zedmiwevniT `ToJinas
foToli" (Sdr. oyok `ToJina") b) inxoKvarul dialeqtSi: `qidilas l'ib" _ `ToJinas
foToli". (qidila _ `ToJina", zedmiwevniT: `gogona").
h u n z u r S i : mravalZarGvas ewodeba `xˆletafa < xˆlelas + tafa _ `ZarGvfo-
Tola" < ZarGviani + foToli.∗
rogori viTarebaa araiberiul-kavkasiur enebSi am mimarTebiT?
s o m x u r S i dasaxelebul mcenares ewodeba `iezan leze" _ sitKvasitKviT: `xaris
ena".
Turqul-a z e r b a i J a n u l S i : `baGaarfaGa" zedmiwevniT: `simsivnis balaxi" Tur-
qulSi kidev fiqsirdeba sinir otu _ `nerviani balaxi".
r u s u l S i : C%ä%!%›…, *, C%C32…, * _ zedmiwevniT: `gzispira", `mogzaura".
l a T i n u r a d : Piantago majori _ `didi mcenare".
b e r Z n u l S i : `penta nevro" _ `xuTnerva".
s p a r s u l S i : `barTang" _ sitKvasitKviT: `viwro naKofa".
rogorc vxedavT, qarTvelurisTvis damaxasiaTebeli motivacia Cans mxolod dido-
uris qidur TqmaSi, hinuxursa da hunzurSi. berZnulisa da Turqulis varianti ga-
rkveulad emsgavseba qarTvelur ZiriTad motivacias; qarTulis analogiuria Tu ti-
pologiuri msgavsebaa, Zneli saTqmelia.
ra Tqma unda, erTi balaxis saxelwodebis analiziT zogadi daskvnis gamotana Se-
uZlebelia; msgavsi principiT gamorkveul sxva mcenareTa motivaciebis dadgenis Se-
mdeg Cven SeiZleba vimsJeloT ama Tu im enobrivi koleqtivis xedva-aGqmis zogadi mo-
delis Sesaxeb, sxvadasxva enis msofxatis araformaluri aspeqtebis msgavseba-gansxvave-
bulobis Sesaxeb∗∗...

damowmebuli literatura

i. b a g r a t i o n i, 1985 _ sabunebismetKvelo ganmartebiTi leqsikoni, Tb., 1985,

gv. 65.
a. m., 1991 _ a. maKaSvili, botanikuri leqsikoni, Tb., 1991.
s. m e n T e S a S v i l i , 1943 _ s. menTeSaSvili, qiziKuri leqsikoni Tb., 1943.
a. o n i a n i , 1917 _ a. oniani, megmareS i balaxare jaxŠle xorav, pet. 1917.
t. f u t k a r a Z e , 1996 _ t. futkaraZe, motivacia, rogorc enaTa naTesaobis
erT-erTi aspeqti; quTaisuri saubrebi _ III (simpoziumis masalebi, 1996 w. gv. 145).
r. G a m b a S i Z e , 1988 _ r. GambaSiZe, qarTuli enis ingilouri kilos leqsikoni,
Tb., 1988.
q. Z o w e n i Z e , 1974 _ q. ZoweniZe, zemoimeruli leqsikoni, Tb., 1974.
b. J o r b e n a Z e , 1993 _ b. JorbenaZe, onomastikuri gulani, Tb., 1993. gv. 33

N. Nakani
Towards the Naming of Herbs in the Kartvelian Languages (mravalýarγva – “plantain”)
Summary
When investigating the interelationships between languages (resp. ethnoses), beside the comparison
of sound accordances and linguistic structures, the principles of nomination should be necessarily taken
into consideration, for the worldview systems of the cognate nations are mainly similar. From this
standpoint, the herbs represent much of the interest. The article discusses the lexemes denoting “plantain”
(Lat. Plantago majori). Dialects have showed up to 25 variants. It had been proved that the indication to
the veins on a leaf of the plant is the main motivation in the Kartvelian linguistic area; the similar
motivation is seen in some of the Caucasian languages. The Kartvelian data have been compared with that
of Armenian (tongue of an ox), Azerbaijanian (herb of a tumour), Russian (lying beside the road), Latin

∗
masala mogvawoda rostom fareuliZem.
∗∗
TurqulSi berZnulis substrati unda iKos...
(a big plant), Greek (five nerves)... and other Ibero-Caucasian Languages: Abkhazian (a leaf of a wound),
Chechnian (a hoof of a horse), Didoian (veinous leaf) and with other linguistic data.