Regression Analysis

The Law of Conservation of energy states that all energy cannot be created or destroyed,
but it can be transformed. A ball being dropped at a certain height demonstrates this concept
perfectly. Many types of energy are created, but we will only be recording kinetic energy (Initial
Height of the ball being dropped) and the various energies that will create the height of the
bounced ball. The Height of the ball being dropped will be the X value because the height is the
controlled part of the study and it is more of a base to test trials. The X value is also
Independent. The Y value will be the height the ball bounced because this value is Dependent
on the X value.


Table 1. Scatterplot of how high a ball bounces(Inches) when dropped at certain
heights(Feet).
The line of points are close and the height the bounced continues to increase as the initial
height of the ball dropped increases meaning there is correlation between the two. Therefor I can
state that the higher the initial height, the higher the ball will bounce. This graph displays a
positive correlation.


Summary statistics:
Column N Mean Varianc
e
Std. dev. Media
n
Rang
e
Mi
n
Ma
x
Coefficient of
variation
Mode
Initial Height 15 4.82 1.267428
6
1.125801
3
4.9 3.6 3 6.6 23.356873 No
unique
Height
Bounced
15 33.0666
67
51.60238
1
7.183479
7
32.5 24 21 45 21.724233 42
Table 2. Descriptive Statistics

The descriptive statistics show an assorted range of results with few being somewhat
similar to each other.
Simple linear regression results:
Dependent Variable: Height Bounced
Independent Variable: Initial Height
Height Bounced = 2.6075481 + 6.3193192x Initial Height
Sample size: 15
R (correlation coefficient) = 0.9903693
R-squared = 0.98083135
Estimate of error standard deviation: 1.0321028

Parameter estimates:
Parameter Estimate Std. Err. Alternative DF T-Stat P-value
Intercept 2.6075481 1.2106776 0 13 2.1537922 0.0506
Slope 6.3193192 0.24501755 0 13 25.791292 <0.0001

Analysis of variance table for regression model:
Source DF SS MS F-stat P-value
Model 1 708.58526 708.58526 665.19074 <0.0001
Error 13 13.848071 1.0652362
Total 14 722.43333

The R (correlation coefficient) = 0.9903693. The Critical Value = .514. The Correlation
Coefficient (.990) is greater than the critical value (.514) meaning there is significant evidence to
support a claim between the initial height of the ball being dropped and the height ball has
bounced. The correlation coefficient was larger than the critical value meaning it failed to reject
the evidence.
The regression equation is Y = 0 + 1X. With our data, the regression equation would
be Height Bounced = 2.6075481 + 6.3193192x.
The Coefficient of Determination would be the Correlation Coefficient (R) squared. R-
squared = 0.98083135. R squared is the proportion of the variation in Y- that is explained by a
linear relationship between X &Y.
98% of the variability in the Initial height of the dropped ball is explained by the linear
relationship between initial height and height bounced.


Table 3. Scatterplot showing the correlation between the height of the ball bouncing after
being dropped at a certain height.

Table 4. Residuals vs X-values(Predicted Values)
The Residual plot interprets the Initial Height of the ball being dropped and how high the ball
will bounce. The Q-Q plot displays the margin of error by using a best fit line. With both of these
graphs we can form a prediction using our regression equation. The points in the Q-Q plot are
placed along the best fit line in a positive consistent manner and the random residuals are valid
because they are consistent with the assumptions. (Residual = observed y predicted y)



PREDICTION:
Height Bounced = 2.6075481 + 6.3193192x
x = 3
y = 2.6075481 + 6.3193192(3)
y = 21.5655057

If the assumptions made previously did not reflect my data, then the data will have to be
revised along with all the graphs to identify any user errors or possible outliers that could
drastically change the crucial results. Overall, our results show that there is significant
correlation between the height if a ball being dropped at a certain height and the height of a ball
bouncing after it was dropped. As the initial height increases the, the height that the ball will
bounce will also increase. The Positive correlation proves the constant and steady increase. The
regression equation along with the predicted values demonstrate this linear relationship.