Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.

1-1
Oracle Memory Structures .
Java pool
Database
buffer cache
Redo log
buffer
Shared pool Large pool
SGA
Streams pool
Server
process
1
PGA
Server
process
2
PGA
Background
process
PGA
DB structures
> Memory
Process
Storage
Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-2
Oracle Instance Management
System
Monitor
(SMON)
Database
Writer
(DBWn)
LogWriter
(LGWR)
Process
Monitor
(PMON)
Archiver
(ARCn)
SGA
Java pool
Shared pool Large pool Streams pool
Database
buffer cache
Redo log
buffer
Checkpoint
(CKPT)
Control
files
Data
files
Redo log
files
Archive
log files
Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-3
Server Process and Database
Buffer Cache
Buffers:
Pinned
Clean
Free or
unused
Dirty
DBWn
Server
process
SGA
Database
buffer cache
Data files
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Physical Database Structure .
Online redo log files
Password file
Parameter file Archive log files
Control files Data files
Alert and trace log files
Backup files
DB structures
Memory
Process
> Storage
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Tablespaces and Data Files
Tablespaces consist of one or more data files.
Data files belong to only one tablespace.
USERS tablespace
Data file 1 Data file 2
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SYSTEM and SYSAUX Tablespaces
The SYSTEM and SYSAUX tablespaces are
mandatory tablespaces.
They are created at the time of database creation.
They must be online.
The SYSTEM tablespace is used for core
functionality (for example, data dictionary tables).
The auxiliary SYSAUX tablespace is used for
additional database components (such as the
Enterprise Manager Repository).
Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-7
Segments, Extents, and Blocks
Segments exist within a tablespace.
Segments are made up of a collection of extents.
Extents are a collection of data blocks.
Data blocks are mapped to disk blocks.
Segment Extents Data
blocks
Disk
blocks
Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-8
Logical and Physical Database Structures
Database
Logical Physical
Tablespace Data file
OS block
Segment
Extent
Oracle data
block
Schema
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Course Examples: The HR Schema
REGIONS
REGION_ID (PK)
REGION_NAME
COUNTRIES
COUNTRY_ID (PK)
COUNTRY_NAME
REGION_ID (FK)
LOCATIONS
LOCATION_ID (PK)
STREET_ADDRESS
POSTAL_CODE
CITY
STATE_PROVINCE
COUNTRY_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENTS
DEPARTMENT_ID (PK)
DEPARTMENT_NAME
MANAGER_ID
LOCATION_ID (FK)
JOBS
JOB_ID (PK)
JOB_TITLE
MIN_SALARY
MAX_SALARY
EMPLOYEES
EMPLOYEE_ID (PK)
FIRST_NAME
LAST_NAME
EMAIL
PHONE_NUMBER
HIRE_DATE
JOB_ID (FK)
SALARY
COMMISION_PCT
MANAGER_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
JOB_HISTORY
EMPLOYEE_ID (PK)
START_DATE (PK)
END_DATE
JOB_ID (FK)
DEPARTMENT_ID (FK)
REGIONS
COUNTRIES
LOCATIONS
DEPARTMENTS
JOBS
EMPLOYEES
JOB_HISTORY
Copyright 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved. 1-10
Database Architecture:
Summary of Structural Components
Memory structures:
System Global Area (SGA): Database buffer cache,
redo buffer, and various pools
Program Global Area (PGA)
Process structures:
User process and Server process
Background processes: SMON, PMON, DBWn,
CKPT, LGWR, ARCn, and so on
Storage structures:
Logical: Database, schema, tablespace, segment,
extent, and Oracle block
Physical: Files for data, parameters, redo, and OS
block