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Introduction to Isometric Drawings
The most common type of pictorial drawing used in the drafting industry
is the isometric drawing. See Figure 3B-1. This supplement focuses on tools
and drawing aids that help you create 2D isometric views that look 3D, as if the
object tilts toward you. However, a 3D model provides a better way to display
isometric views, for most applications. AutoCAD and Its Applications
Advanced describes how to construct 3D models.
pictorial drawing: A drawing that shows the height, width, and depth of an object in a single view.
isometric drawing: A view in which all three axes appear at equal 120 angles with the plane of projection.
2. REMOVE ALL BURRSAND SHARP EDGES.
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MADSEN DESIGNS INC.
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Isometric drawing view
Figure 3B-1. An example of a 2D mechanical part drawing with an isometric view used to help
visualize the product.
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The term isometric means equal (iso) measure (metric). An isometric drawing
has no perspective, and therefore edges that are equal in length are drawn equal
in length. The angles between the three principle planes and edges of an object
are equal. See Figure 3B-2A. The vertical edges of an object are parallel to each
other and form measurable isometric lines 90 from horizontal. The horizontal
edges of an object are parallel to each other and form measurable isometric lines
30 from horizontal. All other lines are nonisometric lines. See Figure 3B-2B.
Circular features appear elliptical in an isometric drawing. The Isocircle
option of the ELLIPSE tool, described in Chapter 4, allows you to construct
isometric circles and arcs easily. Isometric text uses a specic obliquing angle
and rotation depending on the plane and drawing application. Chapters 9 and
10 cover AutoCAD text.
90
120
120 120
30
30
Right
isometric
plane
Nonisometric
lines
Left
isometric
plane
Top isometric
plane
isometric lines: Lines that are parallel to an axis in an isometric drawing.
nonisometric lines: Lines that are not parallel to the axes in an isometric drawing.
Figure 3B-2. AAn isometric drawing creates equal angles between the three principle planes
and edges of an object. BAn example of an isometric drawing with isometric and nonisometric
lines.
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Chapter 3
Isometric Snap
Once you understand the geometric layout of an isometric view, you can use
any point entry method to construct an isometric drawing. Polar coordinates and
dynamic input or dimensional input are common basic point entry options for
isometric construction because they allow you to specify angles. Polar tracking set
to 30 increment angles is also an effective method. One of the most useful aids for
isometric drawing is the Isometric snap option of Snap and Grid modes.
Use the Snap and Grid tab of the Drafting Settings dialog
box to set Isometric snap. See Figure 3B-3. A quick way
to access the Snap and Grid tab is to right-click on the Grid
Display or Snap Mode button on the status bar and select
Settings. Pick the Isometric snap radio button in the Snap
Type
DSETTINGS
DS
SE
D
S
E
T
T
I
N
G
S
Isometric
crosshairs
Pick to set
isometric
snap
Grid
rotates 30
Specify the
grid spacing
Check when
using
isometric snap
to display the
grid as a
pattern of dots
Turn snap on and off Turn grid on and off
Specify the isometric
snap increment
Figure 3B-3. Use the Snap and Grid tab of the Drafting Settings dialog box to specify isometric
grid and snap settings.
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type area to activate Isometric snap. Then specify the snap increment using the
Snap Y spacing: text box of the Snap spacing area, and the grid spacing using
the Grid Y spacing: text box of the Grid spacing area. You can only set the Y snap
and grid spacing. The X spacing is not applicable because the X axis relates to
horizontal measurements. For this same reason, you must also check 2D model
space in the Grid style area to display the grid as a pattern of dots.
Activate Grid and Snap modes and you are ready to begin
drawing. As shown in Figure 3B-3, the grid and crosshairs
rotate to an isometric orientation that aids in drawing objects
at isometric angles. Figure 3B-4 shows the steps required
to construct an isometric cube using the LINE tool. Apply
the same techniques to drawing other objects. Notice that
isometric snap can be very helpful when you are constructing
isometric lines.
Specifying the Isometric Plane
Isometric grid and snap modes orient the grid and snap
to isometric angles. You can align the crosshairs with the
left, right, or top isoplane, depending on the plane on which
you plan to draw. See Figure 3B-5. Changing the isoplane
is not required when drawing isometric lines, but doing so
can be helpful for visualization and drawing ease. You must
change the isoplane orientation to construct isometric circles and arcs using the
Isocircle option of the ELLIPSE tool, described in Chapter 4. Press [F5] repeat-
edly to cycle through the isoplanes, or access the ISOPLANE tool and specify the
Left, Top, or Right option, depending on the isoplane orientation appropriate for
the isometric plane on which you plan to draw.
Type
GRID
[F7] G
R
I
D
Type
SNAP
SN
[F9]
S
N
A
P
Type
ISOPLANE
[F5]
I
S
O
P
L
A
N
E
isoplane: One of the three isometric planes: left, right, or top.
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sougsgo.
Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Introduction to Isometric Drawings, page 5
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Figure 3B-4. Creating a 2 unit 2 unit cube using isometric grid and snap. Other default
drawing aids are also on to help describe the construction process.
NOTE
When using Isometric snap, the crosshairs is always
oriented with the specified isoplane. The isoplane does
not apply to window or crossing selection and similar
operations that use a box to make a selection.
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Copyright by Goodheart-Willcox Co., Inc. Introduction to Isometric Drawings, page 6
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Left Isoplane
150 X axis
90 Y axis
Right Isoplane
30 X axis
90 Y axis
Top Isoplane
150 X axis
30 Y axis
Figure 3B-5. Adjusting the isoplane orientation of the crosshairs to match a specific isometric
plane.
NOTE
Some of the following activities require the use of a
decimal-unit isometric template with active isometric grid
and snap modes. If you do not have such a template, create
it now. Then use it as indicated in these activities.
1. Start a new drawing from scratch using the imperial format.
2. Access the Drafting Settings dialog box. On the Snap and Grid tab,
pick the Isometric snap radio button, enter .25 for the Y snap and grid
spacing values, and pick the 2D model space check box.
3. Toggle Grid mode on from the status bar if it is not active.
4. Toggle Snap mode on from the status bar if it is not active.
(Continued.)
Activity 3B-1
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5. Access the LINE tool and use grid and snaps to draw the isometric
view shown below. Change the isoplane orientation as appropriate
for drawing objects on each isometric plane. Do not dimension the
drawing.
6. Save the drawing as ACT3B-1.
Activity 3B-1
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For each of the following isometric drawings, start a new drawing using a
decimal-unit isometric template that includes active isometric grid and snap
modes. Draw an isometric part view similar to each drawing using dimen-
sions of your choice. Save the drawings using the file names shown.
1.
File name: ACT3B-2A
2.
File name: ACT3B-2B
(Continued.)
Activity 3B-2
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3.
File name: ACT3B-2C
4.
File name: ACT3B-2D
(Continued.)
Activity 3B-2
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5.
File name: ACT3B-2E
6.
File name: ACT3B-2F
Activity 3B-2