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TEMA:
VIGAS HIPERESTATICAS
OBJETIVO:
Analizar las reacciones en los apoyos y las deflexiones.
Comparar los resultados teoricos con los practicos.
VIGA CON TRES APOYOS SIMPLES
DATOS:
ALUMINIO
BRONCE
ACERO
RA(N)
1
1,25
2,12
DATOS:
MODULO ELASTICO:
RB(N)
10,25
9,75
8,25
RC(N)
4,12
3,5
4,12
d1(mm)
0,4
0,5
0,7
d2(mm)
2,2
2,2
2
d3(mm)
3,5
3,4
2,9
d4(mm)
1,6
1,5
1,7
PREGUNTAS:
1. Calcular las reacciones tericas en cada uno de los apoyos.
ALUMINIO
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0 : 246 * 11.76 990 * 13.72 By * 660 Cy * 1320
A
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ayx 0.6( x 30) By ( x 50) 1( x 92)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 92) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 50) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 92)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 50)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de Borde:
Si x 0 ; 0C2 0
Si x 50 ; ( B A ) (3.5 0.4) 3.1mm B 0.31cm
Ay
0.6
(50)3
( 20)3 50C1
6
6
20833.33 Ay 50C1 8268.5845
(3)
0.7135 E 6 * (0.041)(0.31)
0.7135 E 6 (0.041)(0.12)
Ay 0.110 Kg
By 1.00 Kg
Cy 0.45231Kg
C1 200.246 Kg
BRONCE
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0: 0.6 * 30 1 * 92.2 By * 50 Cy * 134.4
A
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ayx 0.6( x 30) By ( x 50) 1( x 92)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 92) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 50) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 92)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 50)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de borde:
Si x 0 ; 0C2 0
Si x 50 ; ( B A ) (3.4 0.5) 2.9mm B 0.29cm
Ay
0.6
(50)3
( 20) 3 50C1
6
6
20833.33 Ay 50C1 9310.8384
(3)
0.928 E 6 * (0.03757)(0.29)
0.928 E 6 (0.03757)(0.1)
Ay 0.20 Kg
By 2.045 Kg
Cy 0.302 Kg
C1 245.87 Kg
ACERO:
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0: 0.6 * 30 1 * 92.2 By * 50 Cy * 134.4
A
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ayx 0.6( x 30) By ( x 50) 1( x 92)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 92) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 50) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 92)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 50)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de Borde:
Si x 0 ; 0C2 0
Si x 50 ; ( B A ) ( 2.9 0.7) 2.2mm B 0.22cm
Ay
0.6
(50) 3
( 20)3 50C1
6
6
20833.33 Ay 50C1 17856.2596
(3)
2.038 E 6 * (0.04161)(0.22)
2.038E 6 (0.04161)(0.1)
Ay 0.229 Kg
By 0.882 Kg
Cy 0.4052 Kg
C1 452.678 Kg
Terico:
0.108
( 25) 3 210.2967 * ( 26.4)
6
E I D 5220.6374 D 0.1894cm
E I D
BRONCE:
Prctico:
D ( D A ) (2.2 0.5) D 0.17cm
Terico:
0.32
(25)3 237.37 * ( 26.4)
6
E I D 5284.98432 D 0.1528cm
E I D
ACERO:
Prctico:
D ( D A ) ( 2 0.7) D 0.13cm
Terico:
0.2196
( 25)3 448.6812 * ( 25)
6
E I D 11171 .753 D 0.1618 cm
E I D
TEORICO
ALUMINIO
BRONCE
ACERO
RA
0,11
0,2
0,2196
RB
1
2,2045
0,8922
PRACTICO
RC
0,4523
0,302
0,4852
RA
0,101
0,127
0,216
RB
1,0448
0,9938
0,8409
ERROR
RC
0,4199
0,3567
0,4199
%RA
5,2356
44,6086
1,4519
%RB
2,3019
4,8532
6,49838
%RC
0,3088
16,0416
14,837
BRONCE
ALUMINIO
ACERO
PRACTICO
d2
Cm
-0,17
-0,18
-0,13
TEORICO
d2
cm
-0,152
-0,17846
-0,13174
ERROR
%d2
-11,8421053
-0,86293847
1,32078336
DATOS:
MODULO ELASTICO:
ALUMINIO: 7,135e+5 Kg/cm2=7E+10 Pa
BRONCE: 9,2762E+5 Kg/cm2 = 9,1E+10 Pa
ACERO: 2,0387E+6 Kg/cm2 = 2E+11 Pa
DIMENSIONES:
ALUMINIO:
BASE (cm): 1,91
ALTURE (cm): 0,63
INERCIA(cm4): 0,0411
BRONCE:
BASE (cm): 1,9
ALTURE (cm): 0,62
INERCIA(cm4): 0,0384
ACERO:
BASE (cm): 1,90
ALTURE (cm): 0,64
INERCIA(cm4): 0,0415
BRONCE
ALUMINIO
ACERO
RA
N
3,25
3
3
RB
N
4,25
4,5
3
d1
Kg
0.9
0,9
1.2
d2
mm
2
2,1
1,5
d3
mm
1,7
1,8
1,2
BRONCE
ALUMINIO
ACERO
BASE
cm
1,892
1,915
1,905
ALTURA
cm
0,620
0,636
0,640
INERCIA
Cm^4
0,03757638
0,04105432
0,041615360
PREGUNTAS:
1. Calcular las reacciones tericas en cada uno de los apoyos.
BRONCE:
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0 : 1 * 32.1 0.6 * 98.4 Mc 128.4 * Ay 64.2 * By
C
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ay * x 0.6( x 30) By ( x 64.2) 1( x 96.3)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 96.3) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 96.3)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 64.2)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de borde:
Si x 0 ; 0.09cmC2 3136.5784
Si x 62.4 ; 1.7 mm B 0.17cm
0.928E 6 * (0.03757)(0.17)
44101.55 Ay 64.2C1 1212.11
Ay
0.6
(64.2) 3
(64.2 30) 3 62.4C1 3136.5784
6
6
(3)
Si x 128.4 E * I * 0
Ay
0.6
By
(128.4 96.3) 2
(128.4) 2
(128.4 30) 2
(128.4 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
8243.28 Ay 2060.82 By C1 3419.97
( 4)
0
Six 128.4cm 0
Ay
By
3
3
* 128.4 0.1 * 128.4 30
128.4 64.2 3 0.17 * 128.4 96.3 3 C1 * 128.4 3136.5
6
6
352812.38 * Ay 44101.55 * By 128.4 * Cy 104035.917.....................(5)
0
Ay 0.28 Kg
By 0.6232 Kg
Cy 0.6968 Kg
Mc 15.17856 Kg * cm
ALUMINIO:
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0 : 1 * 32.1 0.6 * 98.4 Mc 128.4 * Ay 64.2 * By
C
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ay * x 0.6( x 30) By ( x 64.2) 1( x 96.3)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 96.3) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 96.3)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 64.2)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de borde:
Si x 0 ; 0.09cmC2 2636.4969
Si x 62.4 ; 1.8mm B 0.18cm
0.713578E 6 * (0.041054)(0.18)
44101.55 Ay 64.2C1 1363.6718
Ay
0.6
(64.2) 3
(64.2 30) 3 62.4C1 2636.4969
6
6
(3)
Si x 128.4 E * I * 0
Ay
0.6
By
(128.4 96.3) 2
(128.4) 2
(128.4 30) 2
(128.4 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
8243.28 Ay 2060.82 By C1 3419.97
( 4)
0
Six 128.4cm 0
Ay
By
3
3
* 128.4 0.1 * 128.4 30
128.4 64.2 3 0.17 * 128.4 96.3 3 C1 * 128.4 3136.5
6
6
352812.38 * Ay 44101.55 * By 128.4 * Cy 104035.917.....................(5)
0
Ay 0.2776 Kg
By 0.6317 Kg
Cy 0.6907 Kg
Mc 14.94 Kg * cm
ACERO:
(1)
Fy 0 : Ay By Cy 1.6
M 0 : 1 * 32.1 0.6 * 98.4 Mc 128.4 * Ay 64.2 * By
C
( 2)
d 2
M ( x ) Ay * x 0.6( x 30) By ( x 64.2) 1( x 96.3)
dx 2
Ay 2 0.6
By
( x 96.3) 2
E I
x
( x 30) 2
( x 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
Ay 3 0.6
By
( x 96.3)3
EI
x
( x 30)3
( x 64.2)3
C1x C 2
6
6
6
6
EI
Condiciones de Borde:
Si x 0 ; 0.1cmC2 8484.2776
Si x 62.4 ; 1.8mm B 0.18cm
0.713578 E 6 * (0.041054)(0.18)
44101.55 Ay 64.2C1 4000.1687
Ay
0.6
(64.2) 3
(64.2 30) 3 62.4C1 8484.2776
6
6
(3)
Si x 128.4 E * I * 0
Ay
0.6
By
(128.4 96.3) 2
(128.4) 2
(128.4 30) 2
(128.4 64.2) 2
C1
2
2
2
2
8243.28 Ay 2060.82 By C1 3419.97
(4)
0
Six 128.4cm 0
Ay
By
3
3
* 128.4 0.1 * 128.4 30
128.4 64.2 3 0.17 * 128.4 96.3 3 C1 * 128.4 3136.5
6
6
352812.38 * Ay 44101.55 * By 128.4 * Cy 104035.917.....................(5)
0
Ay 0.2345 Kg
By 0.771Kg
Cy 0.5995 Kg
Mc 11.532 Kg * cm
Terico:
EI
RA 3
X C1 X C 2
6
0.92762 E 6 0.03757
0.1968 cm
0.28( 25)3
25 * 173.56 3136.58
6
ALUMINIO:
Prctico:
2 0.21cm
Terico:
EI
RA 3
X C1 X C 2
6
0.71355 E 6 0.04105
0.21373 cm
0.2776(25)3
25 * 169.5185 2636.4989
6
ACERO:
Prctico:
2 0.15cm
Terico:
EI
RA 3
X C1 X C 2
6
2.0387 E 6 0.04161
0.12238 cm
0.2345(25)3
25 * 99.118 8484.2776
6
PRACTICO
BRONCE
ALUMINIO
ACERO
RA
Kg
0,3312
0,3058
0,3058
TEORICO
RB
Kg
0,4332
0,4587
0,3058
RA
Kg
0,28
0,2776
0,2345
ERROR
RB
Kg
0,6232
0,6317
0,771
%RA
%RB
-18,2857143
-10,1585014
-30,4051173
30,4878049
27,3864176
60,3372244
BRONCE
TEORICO
d2
d2
cm
cm
ERROR
%d2
-0,2
-0,1968
-1,62601626
ALUMINIO
-0,21
-0,21373
1,74519253
ACERO
-0,15
-0,12238
-22,5690472
CONCLUSIONES.
-
Los errores producidos en esta prctica tienen a nuestro criterio un buen rango de
aceptacin ya que existe por nuestra parte errores de paralelaje, etc.
Bibliografa:
-