TypesofElectricMotors

ElectricMotors
DCMotors OtherMotors
h
ACMotors
Shuntmotor
SeparatelyExcited
Induction
motor
Steppermotor
Brushless DC motor
motor
SeriesMotor
BrushlessDCmotor
Hysteresismotor
PermanentMagnet
DC(PMDC)
Synchronous
motor
Reluctancemotor
Compoundedmotor Universalmotor
DCMotors
11.ShuntDCmotor:Therotorandstatorwindingsareconnectedinparallel.
2.Sparately Excitedmotor:Therotorandstatorareeachconnectedfromadifferentpower
supply,thisgivesanotherdegreeoffreedomforcontrollingthemotorovertheshunt.
3.Seriesmotor:thestatorandrotorwindingsareconnectedinseries.Thusthetorqueis
proportionaltoI
2
soitgivesthehighesttorquepercurrentratiooverallotherdcmotors.
Itisthereforeusedinstartermotorsofcarsandelevatormotors(p.563Chapman,4e,
2005 McGrow Hill) 2005McGrow Hill).
4.PermanentMagnet(PMDC)motors:Thestatorisapermanentmagnet,sothemotoris
smallerinsize.
Disadv: only used for low torque applications Disadv:onlyusedforlowtorqueapplications
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brushed_DC_electric_motor
DCMotors
55.Compouned motor:thestatorisconnectedtotherotorthroughacompound
ofshuntandserieswindings,iftheshuntandserieswindingsadduptogether,
themotoriscalledcomulatively compounded.Iftheysubtractfromeach
other,thenadifferentiallycompoundedmotorresults,whichisunsuitablefor
anyapplication.
A:shunt
B:series
C: compound C:compound
f=field(stator)coil
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_motor
Disadvantages of DC motors DisadvantagesofDCmotors
1. Brushwear:Sincetheyneedbrushestoconnecttherotor
winding.Brushwearoccurs,anditincreasesdramatically
inlowpressureenvironmet.Sotheycannotbeusedin
artificialhearts. Ifusedonaircraft,thebrusheswould
d l t ft h f ti needreplacementafteronehourofoperation.
2. Sparksfromthebrushesmaycauseexplosionifthe
environmentcontainsexplosivematerials.
3. RFnoisefromthebrushesmayinterferewithnearbyt.v.
sets,orelectronicdevices,..etc
Ref.Chapmanp.674675
ACMachines
InductionMotor:Socalledbecausevoltageisinducedin
therotor(thusnoneedforbrushes),butforthistohappen,
the rotor must rotate at a lower speed than the magnetic therotormustrotateatalowerspeedthanthemagnetic
fieldtoallowfortheexistance ofaninducedvoltage.
Thereforeanewtermisneededtodescribetheinduction
motor: the slip. motor:theslip.
SynchronousMotor:Socalledbecauserotortriestolineup
withtherotatingmagneticfieldinthestator.Ithasthe
stator of an induction motor, and the rotor of a dc motor. statorofaninductionmotor,andtherotorofadcmotor.
SquirrelcageInductionMotor
Seeiton:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Induction_motor
Note:Figureismisleading.Thenumberofpolesmust
be an even integer of the number of phases used beanevenintegerofthenumberofphasesused.
Thusthisdiagramshouldhave6coils,butthatwould
preventonefromimaginingtherotation.
ACMachines
Accuraterepresentationof
a6pole3phaseAC
inductionmotor
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki
/File:Rotatingfield.png
SynchronousMachines
4-17 THREE-PHASE ROTATING FIELDS require three pairs of
windings 120apart energized by voltages that also have a 120 windings 120 apart, energized by voltages that also have a 120-
degree phase displacement.
SYNCHRONOUS MOTORS are specifically designed to maintain
constant speed with the rotor synchronous to the rotating field constant speed, with the rotor synchronous to the rotating field.
Synchronous motors require modification (such as squirrel-cage
windings) to be self-starting.
Textandfiguresontophalfofpagefrom
http://www.tpub.com/content/neets/14177/css/14177_101.htm
DC
AC
Dave Polka Chapter 3 of AC Motors: IEC Ratings http://www.motcointernational.com/sy_motors.htm
Reluctance motors Reluctancemotors
1. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
so that it starts like an induction motor and sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and
runslikeasynchronousmotor.
2. Usessoftmagnetrotorthatismagnetizedby
theapplicationofcurrentinthestatorcoils pp
3. Themagnetisspunbya3phaseACmotor
withnorotorvoltage
4. Thegearteetharedesignedtoincreasethe
magneticfluxdrivingtherotorwhile
providingasymmetrythatgivesitthe
rotationalacceleration
5 Permeability of the rotor provides a
http://wapedia.mobi/en/File:Switched_rel
5. Permeabilityoftherotorprovidesa
significantincreaseininductivepower
6. FullsolutionofFaradayslawwithtimeand
velocity dependence.
uctance_motor_64.svg
velocitydependence.
Other motors Othermotors
1. Reluctancemotor:Asynchronousinduction
motor.Therotorhassalientpolesandacage
sothatitstartslikeaninductionmotor,and
BrushlessDC
(actuallya
l d C
,
runslikeasynchronousmotor.
2. Hysteresismotor:hysteresisproducesthe
torque,canbeverytiny,usedasthedriver
for electric clocks (Chapman p 669)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Poles.jpg
pulsedAC
motor)
forelectricclocks(Chapman,p.669).
3. Steppermotor:aspecialtypeofsynchronous
motors.Rotatesanumberofdegreeswith
eachelectricpulse.
4 B hl DC l i f 4. BrushlessDCmotor:aclosecousinofa
permanentmagnetsteppermotorwith
electroniccontrollers
5. Universalmotor:Ifaseried dcmotorhasa
htt // l d iki di / iki di / /6/67
laminatedstatorframe,itcanruneffectively
fromanacsupplyaswellasdc,thisisthe
universla motor.
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/6/67
/StepperMotor.gif
Quiz Yourself QuizYourself
Question: at the same power Wwhich has a Question:atthesamepower,Wwhich hasa
higherefficiency,thesynchronousmotoror
the induction motor? theinductionmotor?
Sol:thesynchronousmotor,becausethelack
of brushes to connect the rotor of the ofbrushestoconnecttherotorofthe
inductionmotormakesitsmagneticfieldrun
through an air gap which has a much higher throughanairgap,whichhasamuchhigher
reluctance.