Concept Summary

Kinetic Energy

If an object is moving, it has energy.

(Be careful, the converse of this
statement is not always true!

"his energy is calle# kinetic energy $

the energy of motion.
Kinetic Energy

%n object&s kinetic energy #epen#s on'

the object&s mass.

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to

mass.

the object&s speed.

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to

the square of the object&s spee#.
Kinetic Energy

In symbols'
KE =
1
2
mv
2
Kinetic Energy

Kinetic energy is a scalar (uantity.

Common units of )inetic energy'

Joules

%n object with mass of * )g, moving

at * m+s, has a )inetic energy of ,.-
.oule.
/otential Energy

Sometimes wor) is not converte#

#irectly into )inetic energy. Instea# it is
0store#1, or 0hi##en1.

Potential energy is stored energy or

stored work.
/otential Energy

Potential energy is energy that an

object (system! has #ue to its position
or arrangement.
Conservative 2orces

Energy or wor) is store# when a force

#oes wor) 0against1 a force such as the
gravitational force or a 3oo)e&s 4aw
(spring! force.

2orces that store or hi#e energy are

calle# conservative forces.
5ravitational /E

"he gravitational potential energy of an

object at height h e(uals the negative of
the wor) that gravity #oes when the
object is lifte# from the /E 6 , position.
GPE = mgh
GPE = weight x height
7or)

7hen the )inetic energy of an

object changes, work has been
#one on the object.

8nits of wor)' Joules

7or) is a scalar (uantity.

7or)

7or) #epen#s on'

"he amount of force applie# to the object.

"he distance that the object moves while

the force is applie#.

"he direction of the force with respect to

the #irection the object moves.
7or)

7or) results when a force acts upon an

object to cause a #isplacement
Work = Force x displacement
W
P t
2orce is NOT 7or)

If the force is perpendicular to the

#irection the object moves, the wor)
#one is 0.

If the object doesnt move, the wor)

#one is 0.
F
x
W = 0
/ower

/ower is the rate wor) is #one.

Power =
Work
time
W
P t
/ower

8nits of power' * .oule+sec 6 * Watt

*,,, 7atts 6 * kilowatt

/ower is a scalar (uantity.

Efficiency

"he efficiency of a machine tells how

much of the energy (wor)! that goes
into the machine actually #oes useful
wor).

It is usually e9presse# as a percent.

Efficiency =
Useful work done
Energy input
x 100%