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Rate of Reaction
Fast Reaction
Slow Reaction
Observable Change
Catalyst
- A substance that changes the rate of reaction. It does not undergo any chemical change
Decomposition
Effective Collision
Activation Energy, EA
- The minimum energy the colliding particles must have before collision between them can
result in chemical reaction
- A graph that represents the energy change that occurs in a chemical reaction
Collision Frequency
Collision Theory
- Theory used to explain chemical reactions in terms of collisions between particles, effective
collisions, and activation energy
Carbon Compound
Organic Compound
- A carbon compound found in, produced by, or derived from living organisms
Hydrocarbon
Saturated Hydrocarbon
Unsaturated Hydrocarbon
Alkane
Structural Formula
- A formula that shows which atoms are bonded to each other in a molecule of the organic
compound
General Formula
- A formula that shows the general form of the molecular formula of a homologous series
Straight-chain Alkane
- An alkane in which the carbon, C atoms are joined in a continuous straight line
Substitution Reaction
Alkene
Addition Reaction
- A reaction in which a molecule adds to the two carbon, C atoms of a double bond
Homologous Series
- A group of organic compounds in which each member differs from the next one in the series
by a fixed unit of structure
Isomers
- Compounds with the same molecular formulae but different structural formulae
Isomerism
Alkyl Group
- A side-chain containing only carbon, C and hydrogen, H atoms joined by single bonds
Alcohol
Functional Group
- An atom or a group of atoms that is responsible for the similar chemical properties of a
homologous series
Hydroxyl Group
Hydration
Fermentation
- The reaction in which yeast converts glucose, C6H12O6, into ethanol, C2H5OH
Distillation
Carboxylic Acid
Carboxyl Group
Esterification
- The reaction between a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to form an ester and water. The
reaction is catalyzed by hydrogen ion, H+
Ester
Extraction of Ester
- To take out the ester from its natural sources (fragrant plants)
- Natural Esters
Fatty Acid
- A carboxylic acid that has a long chain of about 10 to 20 carbon, C atoms. It has only one
carboxyl group
1,2,3-propanetriol/ glycerol
Saturated Fat
- Has a higher proportion of saturated fat molecules than unsaturated fat molecules
Unsaturated Fat
- Has a higher proportion of unsaturated fat molecules than saturated fat molecules
Hydrogenation
- The addition of hydrogen, H2 to the double bond between two carbon, C atoms
Natural Rubber
Elasticity
- The ability to return to the original shape after being stretched, compressed, or bent
Latex
Coagulation of Latex
Redox Reaction
Oxidizing Agent
Reducing Agent
Oxidation
Reduction
Corrosion of a Metal
- The oxidation of the metal through the action of water, air, and/or electrolytes
Rusting of Iron, Fe
- The corrosion of iron, Fe. It is a redox reaction in which iron, Fe is oxidized to form hydrated
iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3.3H2O or rust
Electrolytic Cell
Exothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction that releases energy (in the form of heat) to the surroundings
Endothermic Reaction
- A chemical reaction that absorbs energy (in the form of heat) to the surroundings
Heat of Reaction, ∆H
- The energy change of a chemical reaction. It is the difference between the energy of the
reactants and the energy of the products
Thermochemical Equation
- A chemical equation with the heat of reaction, ∆H written at the end of the equation
Heat of Precipitation
- The energy change when one mole of precipitate is formed from its ions
Heat of Displacement
- The energy change when one mole of metal is displaced from its salt solution by a more
electropositive metal
Heat of Neutralization
- The energy change when one mole of water is formed from the neutralization between one
mole of hydrogen ions, H+ from an acid and one mole of hydroxide ions, OH- from an alkali
Heat of Combustion
- The heat given off when one mole of substance is burnt completely in excess oxygen, O2
- The amount of energy (measured in kilojoules) that can be obtained when 1g of fuel is burnt
Soap
Detergent
Additives
Biological Enzyme
- An organic catalyst
Whitening Agent
Saponification
Hydrolysis
Surface Tension
- The attractive force between water molecules. This force prevents water from wetting the
surface
Food Additive
- Any substance that is added to food to preserve it or improve its flavour and appearance
Preservative
Antioxidant
Flavouring Agent
- Food additives that give flavour to food or enhance its natural flavour
Dyes
Drug
Traditional Medicines
Modern Medicines
Analgesic
Antibiotics
Psychotherapeutic Medicine
- The undesirable effects that the drug produces in addition to that intended