Alpert, Geoffrey, and William Smith.

"How Reasonable Is the Reasonable Man: Police

And Excessive Force." Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology: 481-501.
Print.
This journal is presented by Northwestern University, School of Law. It acknowledges
the power that officers have to use force but addresses how this force must be reasonable.
This journal explains the controversies that come with police office and establishing
whether the use of excessive force has been displayed. The main key to this journal is
that it recognizes that police do and may use force but at the same time the level of force
used has to be measured through reasonableness. This article was helpful to me because
my main focus is the conduct of police and this provides supporting background as to the
use of force they have to use.
Boateng, Francis. "Public Trust in the Police: Identifying Factors That Shape Trust in
The Ghanaian Police." INTERNATIONAL POLICE EXECUTIVE SYMPOSIUM
42.June: 2-25. Print.
This article focuses primarily on policing in a specific area. However, it points out
aspects that are very beneficial toward the image of police. This article covers the issue of
how the public trust in police is a very important factor not only toward the image of
police, but also towards the effectiveness of the job the police may demonstrate. This
article is beneficial to my topic because it highlights on the aspect of trust and how it can
be a key feature on the negative or positive image perceived from police.
Dowler, Kenneth. "MEDIA CONSUMPTION AND PUBLIC ATTITUDES TOWARD
CRIME AND JUSTICE: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FEAR OF CRIME,
PUNITIVE ATTITUDES, AND PERCEIVED POLICE EFFECTIVENESS."
Journal of Criminal Justice and Popular Culture 10.2: 109-26. Web.
<http://www.albany.edu/scj/jcjpc/vol10is2/dowler.html>.
The Department of criminal justice presents this journal from California State University
at Bakersfield. This journal focuses on the medias role and how it affects the publics
perception. It suggests that media has an important correlation when it comes to the
perception of law enforcement. Providing viewpoints from two different sides, this
journal expresses how one may argue that the media favors police and one may argue that
it doesnt. Either way it is clear consensus the television shows provide false
advertisement of what can really be expected from police in the real world. Media
consumption can cause varied views and higher expectations. This article is helpful

because it illustrates the misconceptions that could be an influence on the image of

policing.
Prenzler, Tim, Louise Porter, and Geoffrey Alpert. "Reducing Police Use of Force:
Case Studies and Prospects." Aggression and Violent Behavior 18.2: 343-56.
Print.
This article addresses solutions on how the use of force exhibited through police can
be reduced. Before the study was conducted, it explains how police codes require
officers to use the minimum amount of force when maintaining order and enforcing
laws. With the studies conducted it showed that police departments can reduce the
levels of force used to enforce laws and maintain order. The strategies used to
conduct these studies involved equipping officers with the appropriate skills and
providing a framework of accountability. With this information, I could use this
article as supporting evidence as to how police force is not a permanent thing and
with work the image of police doesnt always have to be viewed as negative.
Wittie, Mark. "Police Use of Force." PB&J: 17-21. Web. 11 Nov. 2014.
<http://www.wtamu.edu/webres/File/Academics/College of Education and Social
Sciences/Department of Political Science and Criminal
Justice/PBJ/2011/2n2_03Wittie.pdf>.
This journal is presented from an officer who holds a BAAS in criminal justice. He
explains how the use of force comes with the job of being an officer. He emphasizes
the use of training a police has to correctly assess the amount of force that should be
used. He expresses the importance that an officer must determine on how much
force is appropriate before being considered unreasonable. Liability is another key
element, where correct procedures and policies should be known to all law
enforcement. The journal mainly explains that the use of force is an essential part of
policing but with correct training an officer should know when the use of force is
appropriate. I will use this article with the means of obtaining background
information on the trainings of police to see how it correlates with the act of force
being used.