The causes of the war were militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and systems of alliances. In the Moroccan Crisis, Germany attempted to break up relations between France and Britain. The allied powers, along with the united states, became the allied Powers.
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Http://Guidesbyjulie.blogspot.com/ AP European History the Great War (World War I)
The causes of the war were militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and systems of alliances. In the Moroccan Crisis, Germany attempted to break up relations between France and Britain. The allied powers, along with the united states, became the allied Powers.
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The causes of the war were militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and systems of alliances. In the Moroccan Crisis, Germany attempted to break up relations between France and Britain. The allied powers, along with the united states, became the allied Powers.
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Baixe no formato TXT, PDF, TXT ou leia online no Scribd
World War I brought about the demise of great empires such as Russia, Austria- Hungary, Germany, and the Ottoman Empire. Others experienced a decline in power, such as Great Britain and France. It was the first “total war,” involving mass civilian populations in a war effort that involved rationing, war plants, and propaganda. A.J.P. Taylor is a traditionalist-type historian who looks at the “whole picture,” such as the long-term causes of the Great War. Stoessinger looked at the personalities behind the leaders. For example, he noted the indecisive nature of Nicholas I and Frederick Wilhelm’s mercurial nature. CAUSES OF THE WAR The long-term causes of the Great War were militarism, nationalism, imperialism, and systems of alliances. Militarism consisted of the escalating arms race between Great Britain and Germany, with Germany building a navy to rival that of the British navy. Build-up of arms and weapons, including artillery shells, bombs, rifles, and artillery, caused international pressures in Europe to worsen. The system of alliances resulted in many countries being pulled into the war because of their allies. In the Dual Alliance, Germany allied with Austria-Hungary (Italy joined in 1882). Additionally, in the dreikaiserbund, Otto von Bismarck formed an alliance between Russia, Austria, and Germany. Later, in the Triple Alliance Germany allied with Austria and Germany to create the Central Powers. Italy would switch sides in 1915. In the Entente-Cordiale, France allied with Britain. In 1907, Britain allied with Russia. As a result, the Triple Entente emerged between Russia, England, and France. They, along with the United States, became the Allied Powers. Imperialism is the political and economic domination of one country by another. Each European country was competing for overseas possessions in order to expand their economies. In the Moroccan Crisis, Germany attempted to break up relations between France and Britain. In 1905, the French made the Sultan promise reforms in the police and army under the guidance of French experts. Germany then pledged support for a Moroccan independence movement. The Germans demanded the resignation of Delcassé, the influential Foreign Minister of France. They also demanded an international conference on Morocco. The French agreed to both the resignation and conference. Britain warned Germany that an attack on France could lead to British intervention. http://guidesbyjulie.blogspot.com/ AP European History
The Great War (World War I)
At the Algeciras Conference, Germany was nearly isolated, with only Austria- Hungary as a supporter. In the Second Moroccan Crisis, the German government sent a gunboat, the Panther to the port of Agadir. This pressured France, as Germany wanted the French Congo for German recognition of a French protectorate over Morocco. Britain once again supported France and Germany backed down for minor concessions in equatorial Africa. Nationalism caused leaders and countries to take action in the interests of national pride. An example was the pan-Slavic movement that sought to unite all Slavic peoples. Similarly, Italy was interested in fulfilling the Irrindentia – the idea of one Italian government ruling the Italian people. Otto von Bismarck said that Europe would be thrown into war because of “some damn fool thing in the Balkans...” While in Sarajevo, capital of the Austrian province of Bosnia, Archduke Franz Ferdinand, heir to the Austrian throne, was assassinated by Gavrilio Princip. This was part of a plot by the “Union or Death” organization, better known as the Black Hand society, a terrorist group dedicated to pan-Slavism. The monarch of Austria, Franz Joseph, is aging – Austria is really controlled by Leopold von Bercholt and Conrad Holtzendorff. They would like to go to war in order to regain Austria’s old glory. Kaiser Wilhelm of Germany, led by his emotions, issues a blank check, guaranteeing German support to eh Austrians. As a result, Bercholt and Holtzendorff issue an ultimatum to Serbia that is meant to be rejected. They quickly declare war on Serbia, resulting in Germany also declaring war. Germany had believed Russia would not support their fellow Slavs because regicide had been committed – they were wrong, and Russia began mobilization. Germany declared war on Russia. In accordance to their previous treaty, France supported Russia and declared war on Germany, followed by Britain declaring war on Germany. Despite the NickyWilly telegrams between the monarchs of Russia and Germany, the war could not be stopped. Germany Kaiser Wilhelm II Chancellor: Theobold Bethman-Hollweg Chief of Staff: Helmuth von Moltke Austria Franz Joseph Foreign Minister: Count Leopold von Berchtold Chief of Staff: Conrad von Hötzendorff Russia Nicholas II Foreign Minster: Sergei Sazonov Minister of War: Vladimir Sukhomlinov http://guidesbyjulie.blogspot.com/ AP European History
The Great War (World War I)
COURSE OF THE WAR In the Schlieffen Plan, Germany tried defeat France in six weeks by holding off Russia, invading France through Belgium, and seizing Paris. However, the Belgians resisted, the Russians mobilized quickly, and the French counterattacked at the Battle of the Marne River. This eventually ended up in a stalemate at the western front, with the war becoming a war of attrition. At the Eastern Front, Paul von Hindenburg and Erich Ludendorff won important victories over the Russians. After the czar abdicated, Alexander Kerensky of the provisional Russian government continued the war. Once the Bolsheviks under Lenin seized power, the Russians withdrew the war. At this time, the United States entered supporting the Allies. It is important to note that the Germans’ unrestricted submarine warfare and their sinking of the Lusitania, which had carried two Americans, were important factors contributing towards America’s entry. Additionally, the Zimmerman Note had promised Mexico some of its former holdings if it entered the war on Germany’s side. END OF THE WAR By the end of the war, Germany was running out of supplies. A provisional German government, which later became the Weimar Republic, signed an armistice on November 11, 1918. At the Paris Peace Conference, in January 1919, the Big Four were Woodrow Wilson of the United States, David Lloyd George of Britain, Georges Clemenceau of France, and Vittorio Orlando of Italy. They made all of the decisions, with the Central Powers excluded. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war with Germany. Ceded territory to the Allies – parts of Germany, overseas colonies, and control of the Saar to France Germany was blamed in the “war guilt” clause The German army and navy were cut to a token force of 100,000 soldiers The Rhineland was to be demilitarized and occupied Germany had to pay damages totaling $33 billion.