ADP, ATP and

Cellular
Respiration

What Is ATP?
Energy used by all Cells

Adenosine Triphosphate
Organic molecule containing highenergy Phosphate bonds

Chemical Structure of ATP

Adenine Base

3 Phosphates

Ribose Sugar

What Does ATP Do for

You?
It supplies YOU with ENERGY!

How Do We Get Energy From

ATP?
By breaking
the highenergy bonds
between the
last two
phosphates
in ATP

What is the Process Called?

HYDROLYSIS (Adding H2O)

H 2O

How Does That Happen?

An Enzyme!

How is ATP Re-Made?

The reverse of the previous
process occurs.

Another Enzyme is
used!
ATP Synthetase

The ADP-ATP Cycle

ATP-ase

ATP
Synthetase

When is ATP Made in the

Body?
During a
Process called
Cellular
Respiration
that takes
place in both
Plants &
Animals

Cellular Respiration
Overview

In both plants and animals

**Glucose is broken down to
produce ATP, with CO2 as a
waste product.**
Includes pathways that require
oxygen (aerobic) and that do
not require oxygen (anaerobic).
Breakdown of one glucose
results in 38 ATP molecules.

Aerobic Respiration
Equation
C6H12O6 + 6 O2
food

oxygen

(glucose, a carbohydrate)

6 H2O + 6 CO2 + 38 ATP

water

carbon
dioxide

Comparing Photosynthesis
to Respiration
Plants use the products of respiration for
their reactants
Animals use the products of
photosynthesis for their reactants
For example, in photosynthesis

(reactants)
(products)

6CO2 + 6H2O + SUNLIGHT C6H12O6 + 6 O2

(reactants) C6H12O6
(products)

+ 6 O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + ENERGY (ATP)

Photosynthesis and Respiration

What are the Stages of

Cellular Respiration?
Glycolysis
The

Krebs Cycle
The Electron Transport Chain

Where Does Cellular

Respiration Take Place?
It

actually
takes place in
two parts of
the cell:

Glycolysis occurs
in the Cytoplasm

Krebs Cycle &

ETC Take place in
the Mitochondria

Diagram of the Process

Occurs
across
Cristae

Occurs in
Cytoplasm
Occurs in
Matrix

Glycolysis Summary
Takes place in the Cytoplasm
Anaerobic (Doesnt Use Oxygen)

Overall production of 2 ATP

Glucose split into two molecules of
Pyruvate or Pyruvic Acid

A Little Krebs Cycle History

Discovered by
Hans Krebs in
1937
He received the
Nobel Prize in
physiology or
medicine in 1953
for his discovery
Forced to leave
Germany prior to
WWII because he
was Jewish

nd
2

Stage: Krebs Cycle

Summary

Requires Oxygen (Aerobic)

Produces 2 ATPs
Cyclical series of reactions that
give off CO2 and produce one ATP
per cycle.
Turns twice per glucose molecule
Takes place in matrix of
mitochondria

Krebs Cycle

ATP

NETS: 3NADH, 1ATP, 1FADH , & 2CO

3rd Stage:
Electron Transport Chain
34 ATP Produced (by far the most)
H2O Produced
Occurs Across Inner Mitochondrial
membrane

Cellular Respiration (anaerobic)

What happens when cells dont have enough
oxygen?
Some organisms live in an oxygen-free
environment. How do they get their energy?

Cellular Respiration
(anaerobic)
Anaerobic respiration is also called
fermentation, or the process by
which energy is released from glucose
when oxygen is NOT available.
This process allows organisms to
continue to produce energy until
oxygen is available.
However, this process only releases 2
ATP per molecule of glucose.

Alcoholic Fermentation
Anaerobic way of converting energy
for yeast and other microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce
alcohol, CO2 and energy (2 ATP)
C6H12O6 ethanol + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: baking bread with yeast
fermenting wine & beer

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Anaerobic way of converting energy in
animal cells and some microorganisms
Glucose broken down to produce lactic
acid, CO2 and energy (ATP)
C6H12O6 lactic acid + CO2 + 2 ATP
EX: muscle cells during strenuous exercise,
fermenting cheese, yogurt, sour cream

Strenuous Exercise
Lactic acid is produced by your
muscle cells during rapid exercise
when the body cannot supply enough
O2 to tissues.
Without enough O2, the body is NOT
able to produce all of the ATP that is
required.
The buildup of lactic acid can cause
painful burning in your muscles!

Minimal ATP Production

In the absence of oxygen, anaerobic

respiration only releases 2 ATP for
each molecule of glucose broken down.

Comparing ATP Production

First, your body breaks down glucose
through aerobic respiration to produce 38
ATP per glucose molecule; however, this is
a slow process.
When muscle cells cannot get enough O2
they break down glucose through lactic
acid fermentation to produce 2 ATP per
glucose

Therefore, AEROBIC RESPIRATION is

much more efficient in terms of ATP
production 38 ATP compared to 2 ATP!

Aerobic Training

Ex: long runs, biking, swimming

Can increase the size and number of

mitochondria in muscle cells
Can increase the delivery of O2 to muscles
by improving the heart and lungs

Anaerobic Training

Ex: sprints, strides,

quick bursts of energy

Increase the glycogen levels in the

muscles
Increase bodys tolerance to lactic acid