CCNA Training OSPF Neighbor Sim

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October 6th, 2014 Go to comments

Question
Refer to the topology. Your company has decided to connect the main office with three other
remote branch offices using point-to-point serial links. You are required to troubleshoot and resolve
OSPF neighbor adjacency issues between the main office and the routers located in the remote
branch offices.

Instead of posting the output of show run commands we post here the commands entered on
each router to reduce some useless lines. Also you can try solving questions by yourself before
reading the answers.

R1
interface Loopback0

R2

R3

username R6 password

interface Loopback0

CISCO36

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!
interface Loopback0
description **Loopback**
ip address 192.168.3.3
255.255.255.255
ip ospf 3 area 0
description ***Loopback***
ip address 192.168.1.1
255.255.255.255
ip ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
description **Connected to
R1-LAN**
ip address 10.10.110.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 1 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
description **Connected to
L2SW**
ip address 10.10.230.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf hello-interval 25
ip ospf 1 area 0
!
router ospf 1
log-adjacency-changes

!
description **Loopback**
ip address 192.168.2.2
255.255.255.255
ip ospf 2 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
description **Connected to
R2-LAN**
ip address 10.10.120.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 2 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/1
description **Connected to
L2SW**
ip address 10.10.230.2
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 2 area 0
!
router ospf 2
log-adjacency-changes

interface Ethernet0/0
description **Connected to
L2SW**
ip address 10.10.230.3
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 3 area 0
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to
R4-Branch1 office**
ip address 10.10.240.1
255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 3 area 0
!
interface Serial1/1
description **Connected to
R5-Branch2 office**
ip address 10.10.240.5
255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf hello-interval 50
ip ospf 3 area 0
!
interface Serial1/2
description **Connected to
R6-Branch3 office**

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ip address 10.10.240.9
255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 3 area 0
ppp authentication chap
!
router ospf 3
router-id 192.168.3.3
!
R6
R4

R5

interface Loopback0

interface Loopback0

description **Loopback**

description **Loopback**

ip address 192.168.4.4

ip address 192.168.5.5

255.255.255.255

255.255.255.255

ip ospf 4 area 2

ip ospf 5 area 0

interface Ethernet0/0

interface Ethernet0/0

ip address 172.16.113.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 4 area 2

ip address 172.16.114.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 5 area 0

interface Serial1/0

interface Serial1/0

description **Connected to

description **Connected to

R3-Main Branch office**

R3-Main Branch office**

ip address 10.10.240.2

ip address 10.10.240.6

255.255.255.252

255.255.255.252

encapsulation ppp

encapsulation ppp

ip ospf 4 area 2

ip ospf 5 area 0

router ospf 4

router ospf 5

log-adjacency-changes

log-adjacency-changes

username R3 password
CISCO36
!
interface Loopback0
description **Loopback**
ip address 192.168.6.6
255.255.255.255
ip ospf 6 area 0
!
interface Ethernet0/0
ip address 172.16.115.1
255.255.255.0
ip ospf 6 area 0
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to
R3-Main Branch office**
ip address 10.10.240.10
255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 6 area 0
ppp authentication chap
!
router ospf 6

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router-id 192.168.3.3
!
Question 1
An OSPF neighbor adjacency is not formed between R3 in the main office and R4 in the Branch1
office. What is causing the problem?
A. There is an area ID mismatch.
B. There is a Layer 2 issue; an encapsulation mismatch on serial links.
C. There is an OSPF hello and dead interval mismatch.
D. The R3 router ID is configured on R4.

Answer: A
Explanation
We learned it is a OSPF problem so we should check the interfaces between them first. On both R3
and R4 use show running-config command to check their S1/0 interfaces

<<output omitted>>
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to R4-Branch1 office**
ip address 10.10.240.1 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 3 area 0
!
<<output omitted>>
R4
<<output omitted>>
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to R3-Main Branch office**

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ip address 10.10.240.2 255.255.255.252

encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 4 area 2
!
<<output omitted>>
In the output above we see their Area IDs are mismatched; interface S1/0 of R3 is in area 0 (R3:
) while interface s1/0 of R4 is in area 2 (R4:

).

Question 2
An OSPF neighbor adjacency is not formed between R3 in the main office and R5 in the Branch2
office. What is causing the problem?
A. There is an area ID mismatch.
B. There is a PPP authentication issue; a password mismatch.
C. There is an OSPF hello and dead interval mismatch.
D. There is a missing network command in the OSPF process on R5.

Answer: C
Explanation
Continue checking their connected interfaces with the show running-config command:

<<output omitted>>
!
interface Serial1/1
description **Connected to R5-Branch2 office**
ip address 10.10.240.5 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf hello-interval 50
ip ospf 3 area 0
!
<<output omitted>>
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<<output omitted>>
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to R3-Main Branch office**
ip address 10.10.240.6 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 5 area 0
!
<<output omitted>>
The only difference we can see here is the line ip ospf hello-interval 50 on R3. This command
sets the number of seconds R3 waits before sending the next hello packet out this interface. In this
case after configuring this command, R3 will send hello packets to R5 every 50 seconds. But the
default value of hello-interval is 10 seconds and R5 is using it. Therefore we can think of a hello
interval mismatch problem here. You can verify with the show ip ospf interface <interface>
command on each router.

Serial1/1 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 10.10.240.5/30, Area 0
Process ID 3, Router ID 192.168.3.3, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 50, Dead 200, Wait 200, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 200
Hello due in 00:00:28
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 2/2, flood queue length 0
Next 00(0)/00(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

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Serial1/0 is up, line protocol is up

Internet Address 10.10.240.6/30, Area 0
Process ID 5, Router ID 10.10.240.6, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64
Enabled by interface config, including secondary ip addresses
Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT,
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
oob-resync timeout 40
Hello due in 00:00:04
Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)
Index 1/1, flood queue length 0
Next 00(0)/00(0)
Last flood scan length is 0, maximum is 0
Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec
Neighbor Count is 0, Adjacent neighbor count is 0
Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)
So we can see both hello and dead interval are mismatched because the dead interval always four
times the value of hello interval, unless you manually configure the dead interval (with the
command).
Question 3
R1 does not form an OSPF neighbor adjacency with R2. Which option would fix the issue?
A. R1 ethernet0/1 is shutdown. Configure no shutdown command.
B. R1 ethernet0/1 configured with a non-default OSPF hello interval of 25; configure no ip ospf
hello-interval 25
C. R2 ethernet0/1 and R3 ethernet0/0 are configured with a non-default OSPF hello interval of 25;
configure no ip ospf hello-interval 25
D. Enable OSPF for R1 ethernet0/1; configure ip ospf 1 area 0 command under ethernet0/1
Answer: B
Explanation
Continue checking their connected interfaces with the show running-config command:

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<<output omitted>>
!
interface Ethernet0/1
description **Connected to L2SW**
ip address 10.10.230.1 255.255.255.0
ip ospf hello-interval 25
ip ospf 1 area 0
!
<<output omitted>>
<<output omitted>>
!
interface Ethernet0/1
description **Connected to L2SW**
ip address 10.10.230.2 255.255.255.0
ip ospf 2 area 0
!
<<output omitted>>
We see the hello interval on R1 is not the same as R2 (and you can verify with the show ip ospf
interface <interface> command) -> There is a hello and dead interval mismatch problem. We
should configure no ip ospf hello-interval 25 on R1.
Note: Maybe there are some versions of this question in the exam. For example there are some
reports saying that Ethernet0/1 on R1 is shutdown (and this is the correct choice in the exam). So
please be careful checking the config on the routers before choosing the correct answers.
Question 4
An OSPF neighbor adjacency is not formed between R3 in the main office and R6 in the Branch3
office. What is causing the problem?
A. There is an area ID mismatch.
B. There is a PPP authentication issue; the username is not configured on R3 and R6.
C. There is an OSPF hello and dead interval mismatch.

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D. The R3 router ID is configured on R6.

Answer: D
Explanation

<<output omitted>>
username R6 password CISCO36
!
interface Serial1/2
description **Connected to R6-Branch3 office**
ip address 10.10.240.9 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 3 area 0
ppp authentication chap
!
<<output omitted>>
!
router ospf 3
router-id 192.168.3.3
!
<<output omitted>>
<<output omitted>>
username R3 password CISCO36
!
interface Serial1/0
description **Connected to R3-Main Branch office**
ip address 10.10.240.10 255.255.255.252
encapsulation ppp
ip ospf 6 area 0
ppp authentication chap
!
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<<output omitted>>
!
router ospf 6
router-id 192.168.3.3
!
<<output omitted>>
We are not sure about the configuration of ppp authentication in this case. Some reports said that
only one router has the ppp authentication chap command but it is just a trick and is not the
problem here. The real problem here is R6 uses the same router-id of R3 (192.168.3.3) so OSPF
neighborship cannot be established. In real life, such configuration error will be shown in the
command line interface (CLI). So please check carefully for this question.
Comments (102) Comments
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1. Omz
November 23rd, 2014
Oppps omc79 at hotmail dot com
2. lonn
November 24th, 2014
no .pka to download of this section ?
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