L2 - Fuzzy Sets

Precision and Significance

@Matlab Fuzzy tool box

Fuzzy system

@Matlab Fuzzy tool box

Classical sets: Law of excluded middle

Review on classical sets

Set A is a collection of objects sharing some
common characteristics.
Members: Objects x A
Subset B A y B y A y
Equal set A=B iff x A and y B, x = y
Intersection operation x common in A B
Union operation x is in A B
Universal set U: all possible members
Difference A | B = { x / x A and x B }

Properties

Associativity
Distributivity
Idempotency
Identity
Transitivity
Involution
Law of excluded middle
De-morgans Laws

AU A = X

Crisp set
Set A can be represented by the characteristic
function
A ( x) = 1 if x X else 0 if x X
For crisp set
A ( x) = 1 or 0

Example
Universal Set T : temperature in Centigrade
T ={ cold, normal and Hot}
Classical approach

cold = {temp T : 5 < temp < 15}

normal = {temp T : 15 < temp < 25}
hot = {temp T : 25 < temp < 35}
14.9 is cold and 15.1 hot

Weekend-ness

Bi-valent v/s multi-valued logic

Non crisp set

Systems based on classical set theory and two
valued logic. Unable to cope with vagueness.
Fuzzy logic use interval between 0(false) and 1
(true) to describe human reasoning.
Fuzzy Set allows its members to have different
degree of membership between [0 1].

Membership Function
x fuzzy set A has assigned index A ( x) 0 or 1
Grade of membership of x in A: A ( x)
Fuzzy set: Set of ordered pair A = {( x, A ( x)}: x X
X: Universal Set
Membership function A : x [0 1], x X and A X

Operations on Fuzzy sets

Operations on Fuzzy set is described w.r.t
membership function.

Other Fuzzy operations

De morgans laws

A B = A B
A B = A B

Difference

A| B = A B
B| A= B A

A B = max(1 A ,1 B )
A B = min( A ,1 B )

Homework
0 1 0.5 0.3 0.2
,
,
A= , ,

1 2 3 4 5
0 0.5 0.7 0.2 0.4
B= ,
,
,
,

1 2 3 4 5
Find A , B , A B, A B, A | B, and B | A

 We want to compare two sensors based on

their detection level and gains. The following
table show the details
Gain setting

Sensor 1 detection
level

Sensor 2 detection
level

20

0.5

0.35

40

0.65

0.5

60

0.85

0.75

80

0.9

100

Find the membership function for two sensors

and find following membership function.
S1 U S 2 , S1 I S 2 , S1 , S 2 , S1 U S1 , S1 I S1 , S1 U S1 , S1 I S1