11/29/2014

SRVTutorial:MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)

SRVTutorial
Saturday,5October2013

MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)
OperatingSystem:
OperatingSystemisalsocalledsystemsoftware.Anoperatingsystem(OS)isthemaincontrolprogramofthecomputerthatmanagesall
otherprograminacomputer.TheotherprogramscommonlyreferredtoasApplicationProgram,usetheserviceprovidedbyOSthrougha
welldefined Application Program Interface (API). Every computer necessarily requires some type of operating system that tells the
computer how to operate and utilize other programs installed on the computer.The operating system installed on hard disk before any
othersoftware,whichactsasaninterfacebetweenauserandthehardware.Theroleofanoperatingsysteminacomputerissimilartothe
roleofaprincipalinacollegewhoisresponsiblefortheoverallmanagementofthecollege.

ExDOS,Windows95/98,WindowsNT,UNIX,Linuxetc.

MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem:
MSDOS is an operation system which full depend on the command. It is the first operating system. It also called command based
operatingsystem.InDOSwedirectlyworkontheHardDisk.
MSDOSisasingleuser,singletaskingoperatingsystem.DOShasacommandline,textbased/nongraphicaluserinterfacecommonly
referredtoasCharacterBasedUserInterface(CUI).
The DOS prompt known as the command prompt looks like C:\> or D:\> or E:\> where C,D,E represent the hard disk drives of the
computersystem.All the commands are typed at the DOS prompt. Enter key is pressed to view the output of the typed command. If the
commandiscorrectlytypeddesiredoutputwouldbedisplayed.Otherwiseanerrormessage(badcommandorfilename/Invalidparameter)
isdisplayedonthescreen.
Note:AllDOScommandsarecaseinsensitive.

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"MSDOSwasintroducedin1981injointlybyMicrosoftandIBM
(InternationalBusinessMachine)".
Command:Asetofinstructionwhichperformataskiscalledcommand.
Therearetwotypeofcommand.
1InternalCommand2ExternalCommand
1InternalCommand:Internalcommandsarememoryresidencecommands,thesecommandsautomaticallyloadedonthememory
whencomputerisstart.Thesecommandspackedwithcommand.comfile.
Exmd,cd,cd..,copyconetc.
2External Command:External commands are those command not memory residence command. When computer is start these
commandarenotloadedinthememory.Whenweusetheexternalcommand,firstlycallthemwithaspecifypath(address).
ExFormat,chkdsk,tree,deltree,fdisk,etc.

Booting:
Whenwestartingthecomputertakefewsecondstoreadyforwork.Thetimebetweenstartandperformtheworkiscalledbooting
time.InbootingtimetheharddiskofcomputerloadedsomesystemfileintoRAM.Therearetwotypesofbooting.
1Warmbooting(Ctl+Alt+Del):RestartingPCwithoutswitchingoffthepoweriscalledwarmbooting.
2Coldbooting:Sometimes,warmbootingdoesnotwork.Itthatcase,youhaveto
Switchoff,andthenitontobootagain.Thisiscalledcoldbooting.

HowtostartMSDOS:
Start>Allprogram>Accessories>commandpromptOR
Start>Run>cmdOR
Start>Run>command
FolderorDirectory:Whichcontainsfilesanddirectorycalleddirectory.Wecannottypeanymessageindirectory,butwecanstore
them.
Files:Whichcancontainsthewrittenmessagescalledfile.
Drive:Logicalpartitionofsecondarystoragedevice(Harddisk)calleddrive.
Subdirectory:Whenadirectorystoreanotherdirectorythenthistypesofdirectorycalledsubdirectoryandwhichdirectorycontains
subdirectorycalledrootdirectory.
DOSCOMMAND
Note:Underscore(_)Indicatesthespace&Arrow()thepressingofEnter
1MD:MakedirectoryTocreatenewdirectory.
Syntax:C:\>md_directoryname
Ex:C:\>md_srv
2CD:Changedirectory(Activedirectory)Enterthedirectory.
Syntax:C:\>cd_directoryname
Ex:C:\>cd_srv
3DIR:Toshowallthefileanddirectory.
Syntax:C:\>dir
4CD..:Toexitfromanactivedirectory.
Syntax:C:\>cd..
ExC:\>India>UP>Varanasi>Basahi>SRV>cd..
C:\>India>UP>Varanasi>Basahi>cd..
C:\>India>UP>Varanasi>cd..
C:\>India>UP>cd..
C:\>India>cd..
C:\>cdriveorcpromptorrootdirectory
4.1TreeToshowallfilesandsubdirectoryofarootdirectoryintreeformat.
SyntaxC:\>tree_rootdirectoryname
5CD\:Toexitfromallactivedirectories.
Syntax:C:\>cd\
ExC:\>India>UP>Varanasi>Basahi>SRV>cd\
C:\>Cdriveorcpromptorrootdirectory
Makethedirectoryofthefollowingstructure

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SRVTutorial:MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)

C:\>md_Computer
C:\>cd_Computer
C:\>Computer>md_Hardware
C:\>Computer>md_Software
C:\>Computer>cd_Hardware
C:\>Computer\Hardware>md_IO
C:\>Computer\Hardware>md_CPU
C:\>Computer\Hardware>md_Storage
C:\>Computer\Hardware>cd..
C:\>Computer>cd_Software
C:\>Computer\Software>md_System
C:\>Computer\Software>md_Application
C:\>Computer\Software>cd\
C:\>Tree_Computer

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6CLS(clearscreen):TocleartheDOSscreen
Syntax:C:\>cls
7Exit:ToexitfromMSDOS
Syntax:C:\>exit
8DATE:Displayssystemscurrentdateandpromptstoenterthenewdate.
Syntax:C:\>date
ExThecurrentdateis:Mon06/28/2010
Enterthenewdate:<mmddyy>.
9Time:Displaysthesystemscurrentdateandpromptstoenterthenewtime.
SyntaxC:\>time
ExCurrenttimeis12:55:28.8
Enterthenewtime:..
10ver:Toshowsystemcurrentversion(operatingsystem).
SyntaxC:\>ver
11Tochangediskpromptordrive.
SyntaxC:\>drive:
ExC:\>d:D:\>
12Prompt:To changes the MSDOS prompt to the specified text. If the command is typed without any parameters then the default
promptsettingisrestored.
SyntaxC:\>Prompt_anyname(text)
Ex:C:\>Prompt_Preeti
Preeti(CPromptChangeintoPreeti)
Changetheprompttothedefaultsetting.
Ex:Preeti_Prompt
C:\>(Setthedefaultprompt)
OR

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SRVTutorial:MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)

Ex:Preeti_Prompt_$P$G
C:\>(Setthedefaultprompt)
13Format:Toremoveallthedatafromadrive.
SyntaxC:\>Format_drivename
ExC:\>Format_d:
14Mem(Memory):Tocheckthememoryofcomputer.
SyntaxC:\>mem
15CHKDSK:Tocheckerrorsofcomputer.(WindowsXp)
SyntaxC:\>CHKDSK
16SCANDISK:Tocheckerrorsofcomputer.(Windows98)
SyntaxC:\>SCANDISK
17Color100:Tochangestextorbackgroundcolor.(WindowsXp)
Syntaxcolor_100
ExC:\>color_d1
18Copycon:Tocreatenewfile.
Note:InDOS,CONreferstotheConsole(KeyboardandVideoMonitor).
SyntaxC:\>Copy_con_filename
ExC:\>Copy_con_Preeti
Note:Ctrl+ZORF6(Forsavethefile)
19Type:Toopenthefile.
SyntaxC:\>Type_filenameOR
SyntaxC:\>Copy_filename_conOR
SyntaxC:\>more_filename
20Ren(Rename):Tochangethenameofafile.
SyntaxC:\>Ren_oldfilename_Newfilename
20.1Move:Themovecommandisusedtomovefilesfromonedirectorytoanotherortorenamedirectories.
SyntaxC:\>Move_sourcefile_destination
ExC:\>Move_Preeti.txt_D:\Payal.txt
21Edit:Tomodifythecontentsofafile.(Mouseisworked)
SyntaxC:\>Edit_filename
Note:Alt+F+S=SaveAlt+F+X=Exit
22Del(Delete):Todeletefilefrommemory.
SyntaxC:\>Del_filename
23Copy:Tocopythecontentsofonefiletoanotherfile.
Syntax:C:\>copy_sourcefile_destinationfile
ExC:\>Copy_Preeti_D:\Payal
24XCOPY:Itissameascopycommandbutfasterthancopycommand.Itcopiesfilesanddirectoriestothespecifiedlocation.
SyntaxC:\>XCOPY_source_destination
Ex:C:\>XCOPY_C:\Computer_D:\Computer/S/E
Note:/SCopiesdirectoriesandsubdirectoriesexceptemptyones.
/ECopiesdirectoriesandsubdirectories,includingemptyones.
25DELTREE:Itisusedtodeleteallfilesandsubdirectoriesoftherootdirectories.(Windows98)
SyntaxC:\>Deltree_rootdirectoryname
26RD(RemoveDirectory):Todeleteemptydirectoryfrommemory.
Syntax:C:\>RD_emptydirectoryname
27Attrib+H:Tohiddenafile.
SyntaxC:\>Attrib_+H_filename
28AttribH:Toshowthehidefile.
SyntaxC:\>Attrib_H_filename
29Attrib+R:Tomakeafileinreadonlymode.(Youcanmodifyfile)
SyntaxC:\>Attrib_+R_Filename
30AttribR:Tomakeafileinread&writeform.
SyntaxC:\>Attrib_R_Filename

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SRVTutorial:MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)

31FC(Filecompare):Comparestwofilesorsetsoffiles,displaysthedifferencebetweenthem.
SyntaxC:\>FC_File1_File2
32DIR/P:Toshowallfilesanddirectorieswithpagewise.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/P
33DIR/O:Toshowallfiles&directoriesinascendingorder.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/O
34DIR/W:Toshowthefilesanddirectoryincolumnwiseanddirectoriesdisplayin[and].
SyntaxC:\>DIR/W
35DIR/S:Toshowallfilesanddirectories,subdirectoriesofarootdirectory.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/S
36Ctrl+C:TobreaktheprocessofMSDOS.
37DIRP*.**:ToshowallfilesanddirectorieswhichfirstletterisP.
SyntaxC:\>DIR_P*.**
38DIR*.txt:Toshowallfileswhichextensionis.txt.
SyntaxC:\>DIR_*.txt
39DIR/AH:Toshowallhiddenfilesanddirectoriesalso.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/AH
40DIR/AD:Toshowonlydirectories.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/AD
41DIR/AD:Toshowonlyfiles.
Syntax:C:\>DIR/AD
Toknowaboutmorecommandyoucanusehelpcommand.
Ex:C:\>help
C:\>help_xcopy

WildCards:
Wildcharacterscanbeusedinspecifying(searching)filenamesinDOS.
Therearetwotypesofwildcards(?,*).

?Itisusedtosearchingforoneunknowncharacterfiles.
SyntaxC:\>DIRBA?.txt
DisplaysallthetextfilesintheC:drivestartingwithBAandendinganysinglecharacter.
ExBAT.TXT,BAG.TXT,BAR.TXT,BAD.TXTetc.

*Itisusedtosearchingforoneormoreunknowncharacterfiles.
SyntaxC:\>DIR/CON*.TXT
DisplaysallthefilesintheC:drivestartingwithCON.
ExCONCETP.TXT,CONCATENATE.TXT,CONTEMPT.TXT,CONSOLE.TXTetc.

BatchFile:
A batch files is a simple text file that contains a series of DOS commands. It can help you to run a series of DOS commands without
requiringyourattention.Theextensionofbatchfilesis.BAT.

CreatingandRunningaBatchFile:
Syntax:
C:\>Copy_con_flower.bat
Date
Time
Ver
Ctrl+Z1file(copied)
C:\>flower.bat
Pressenterkey,allthecommandswillberunstepbystep.

SomeotherUtilityCommand
ToCreateaUserAccount:
Syntax:C:\>Net_User_Username_Password_/add
Ex:C:\>Net_User_MCMT_123_/add

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SRVTutorial:MicrosoftDiskOperatingSystem(MSDOS)

ToDeleteaUserAccount:
Syntax:C:\>Net_User_Username_/delete
Ex:C:\>Net_User_MCMT_/delete
Ping:Showshowlongittakesforpacketstoreachhost&DNSLookup.
C:\>ping_www.facebook.com

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