TRANSACTIONAL

ANALYSIS
Developed by Eric Berne a
Psychotherapist in 1950
o
o
o TA, a model for personality and dynamics of
self and its relationship to others that
makes possible a clear and meaningful
discussion of behavior.
o TA refers to a method of analyzing and
understanding interpersonal behavior.
o The study of transactions between people is
called Transactional Analysis.
 Ego States
o PARENT EGO: Parent ego include being
overprotective, isolated, strict, crucial and honest.
o Physical and verbal clues that someone interacting
with the parent ego include the wave backwards
and forwards finger to show displeasure,
reference to laws and rules, and trust on ways that
were successful in the past.
o Two types of parent ego states – nurturing and
critical. Nurturing parent ego states reflects
caring behavior towards children and other
people in interaction. Controlling parent ego state
reflects serious behavior in interaction with
others.
 Ego States


ADULT EGO:


o Person interacting with adult ego views people as

equal, worthy and reasonable human beings.
o Adult is characterized by logical thinking and
reasoning.
o The ego state can be identified by verbal and
physical signs which include thoughtful
concentration and factual discussion. He keeps
and controls emotional expressions appropriately.
 Ego States
CHILD EGO:


o Characteristics of child ego include creativity,

depression, anxiety, dependence, fear and hate.
o Physical and verbal clues are silent, attention seeking,
giggling and nervousness.
o Three parts of child ego: natural, adaptive, rebellious
o Natural child is friendly, reckless, luxurious and does
what comes naturally.
o Adaptive child is the trained one and he is likely to do
what parents insist on, and sometimes learns to feel
non-OK.
o Rebellious child experiences anger, fear and frustration.
 Ego States

CONTROLLING NURTURING
PARENT PARENT

ADULT

ADAPTIVE NATURAL REBELLIOUS

CHILD CHILD CHILD
 LIFE POSITIONS
 Psychological positions

YOU ARE O.K.

IAM O.K. IAM NOT O.K.

YOU ARE O.K. YOU ARE O.K.

IAM NOT O.K

IAM O.K.
IAM O.K. IAM NOT O.K.
YOU ARE NOT O.K. YOU ARE NOT O.K.

YOU ARE NOT O.K.

Iam O.K., You are O.K.
o People with this position about themselves and
others can solve their problems
constructively.
o They accept the significance of other people
and feel that life is worth living.
o Managers from this position, likely to express
more consistent pattern of confidence and
competence. They are able to express
freely what they feel good about others.
They delegate authority and feel
comfortable with a spread of authority.
Iam O.K., You are not O.K.
o They blame others for their unhappiness.
o This is the case of aggrieved persons with an
attitude that whatever they feelings.
o Managers operate with parent ego.
o Managers tend to point out the error, the bad
things rarely giving any hot, genuinely
carrying feelings.
o Managers lack trust or confidence.
o They do not believe in delegation of authority.
Iam not O.K., You are O.K.
o Managers operating from this position tend to
give and receive bad feelings.
o Managers often use their bad feelings as an
excuse to act out against others.
o When they feel guilty for their acts and turn
their bad feelings against themselves.
o They tend to think twice in their behavior and
are often changeable.
Iam not O.K., You are not O.K.
o This position is taken by those people who lose
interest in living.
o Manager do not make decisions in time, make
stupid mistakes.
o They lack personal strength.
 TRANSACTIONS
Complementary Transactions: Adult – Adult transaction
S = Stimulus, R = Response

P P
S
A A
R

C C
 TRANSACTIONS
Complementary Transactions: Parent – Child transaction
S = Stimulus, R = Response

P P
S
A R
A

C C
 TRANSACTIONS
Non-Complementary Transactions: Crossed transaction
S = Stimulus, R = Response

P P
S
A R
A

C C
 TRANSACTIONS


Ulterior Transactions: Blocked transactions

Communications has a clear adult message, whereas it carries a

hidden message on the psychological level.

This transaction is undesirable.
 BENEFITS OF TRANSACTIONAL
ANALYSIS
o Developing Positive Thinking
o Interpersonal Effectiveness
o Motivation
o Organizational Development
 SELF DEVELOPMENT
Johari window: Model of awareness in interpersonal relations.


KNOWN TO SELF UNKNOWN TO SELF

KNOWN TO PUBLIC AREA BLIND AREA

OTHERS
I II

UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS HIDDEN AREA UNKNOWN AREA
III IV
 Public Area - Quadrant I

o Quadrant I is the area of free activity or public

area.
o Information, behavior, attitudes, feelings,
desires, ideas and motivation know to self
as well as to others.
 Blind Area - Quadrant II

o Quadrant II is the area where others can see

things in ourselves.
o Things may be qualities, thoughts and feelings.
 Hidden Area - Quadrant III

o Quadrant III represents things we know but do

not reveal to others.
o This area includes all our deepest and well-
kept secrets about ourselves.
 Unknown Area - Quadrant IV

o Quadrant IV represents which neither the

individual nor others are aware of certain
behaviors or motives.

 SELF DEVELOPMENT
Johari window: Model of awareness in interpersonal relations.


KNOWN TO SELF UNKNOWN TO SELF

KNOWN TO PUBLIC AREA BLIND AREA

OTHERS
I II

UNKNOWN
TO OTHERS HIDDEN AREA UNKNOWN AREA
III IV
o A change in one of the Quadrant brings about
changes in other quadrants.
o AS one of the quadrants grows larger the other
quadrants become smaller.
